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Liu X, Chen C, Wang W, Hughes JM, Lewis T, Hou E, Shen J. Vertical Distribution of Soil Denitrifying Communities in a Wet Sclerophyll Forest under Long-Term Repeated Burning. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 70:993-1003. [PMID: 26066514 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0639-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 06/01/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Soil biogeochemical cycles are largely mediated by microorganisms, while fire significantly modifies biogeochemical cycles mainly via altering microbial community and substrate availability. Majority of studies on fire effects have focused on the surface soil; therefore, our understanding of the vertical distribution of microbial communities and the impacts of fire on nitrogen (N) dynamics in the soil profile is limited. Here, we examined the changes of soil denitrification capacity (DNC) and denitrifying communities with depth under different burning regimes, and their interaction with environmental gradients along the soil profile. Results showed that soil depth had a more pronounced impact than the burning treatment on the bacterial community size. The abundance of 16S rRNA and denitrification genes (narG, nirK, and nirS) declined exponentially with soil depth. Surprisingly, the nosZ-harboring denitrifiers were enriched in the deeper soil layers, which was likely to indicate that the nosZ-harboring denitrifiers could better adapt to the stress conditions (i.e., oxygen deficiency, nutrient limitation, etc.) than other denitrifiers. Soil nutrients, including dissolved organic carbon (DOC), total soluble N (TSN), ammonium (NH(4)(+)), and nitrate (NO(3)(-)), declined significantly with soil depth, which probably contributed to the vertical distribution of denitrifying communities. Soil DNC decreased significantly with soil depth, which was negligible in the depths below 20 cm. These findings have provided new insights into niche separation of the N-cycling functional guilds along the soil profile, under a varied fire disturbance regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Liu
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Chengrong Chen
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia.
| | - Weijin Wang
- Science Delivery, Department of Science, Information Technology, Innovation and the Arts, 41 Boggo Road, Dutton Park, QLD, 4102, Australia
| | - Jane M Hughes
- Australian River Institute, and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
| | - Tom Lewis
- DAFF (Department of Agriculture, Fishery and Forestry), Horticulture and Forestry Science Agri-Science Queensland, Brisbane, 4558, Australia
| | - Enqing Hou
- Key Laboratory of Vegetation Restoration and Management of Degraded Ecosystems, South China Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou, 510650, China
| | - Jupei Shen
- Environmental Futures Research Institute and Griffith School of Environment, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD, 4111, Australia
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Braker G, Matthies D, Hannig M, Brandt FB, Brenzinger K, Gröngröft A. Impact of Land Use Management and Soil Properties on Denitrifier Communities of Namibian Savannas. MICROBIAL ECOLOGY 2015; 70:981-992. [PMID: 25977143 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-015-0623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We studied potential denitrification activity and the underlying denitrifier communities in soils from a semiarid savanna ecosystem of the Kavango region in NE Namibia to help in predicting future changes in N(2)O emissions due to continuing changes of land use in this region. Soil type and land use (pristine, fallow, and cultivated soils) influenced physicochemical characteristics of the soils that are relevant to denitrification activity and N(2)O fluxes from soils and affected potential denitrification activity. Potential denitrification activity was assessed by using the denitrifier enzyme activity (DEA) assay as a proxy for denitrification activity in the soil. Soil type and land use influenced C and N contents of the soils. Pristine soils that had never been cultivated had a particularly high C content. Cultivation reduced soil C content and the abundance of denitrifiers and changed the composition of the denitrifier communities. DEA was strongly and positively correlated with soil C content and was higher in pristine than in fallow or recently cultivated soils. Soil type and the composition of both the nirK- and nirS-type denitrifier communities also influenced DEA. In contrast, other soil characteristics like N content, C:N ratio, and pH did not predict DEA. These findings suggest that due to greater availability of soil organic matter, and hence a more effective N cycling, the natural semiarid grasslands emit more N(2)O than managed lands in Namibia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gesche Braker
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany.
- Kiel University, Kiel, Germany.
| | | | - Michael Hannig
- Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology, Marburg, Germany
- LGC Genomics, Berlin, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Colette L Heald
- †Departments of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Earth, Atmospheric and Planetary Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Dominick V Spracklen
- ‡School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, United Kingdom
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Global change could amplify fire effects on soil greenhouse gas emissions. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20105. [PMID: 21687708 PMCID: PMC3110610 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2010] [Accepted: 04/25/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Little is known about the combined impacts of global environmental changes and ecological disturbances on ecosystem functioning, even though such combined impacts might play critical roles in shaping ecosystem processes that can in turn feed back to climate change, such as soil emissions of greenhouse gases. Methodology/Principal Findings We took advantage of an accidental, low-severity wildfire that burned part of a long-term global change experiment to investigate the interactive effects of a fire disturbance and increases in CO2 concentration, precipitation and nitrogen supply on soil nitrous oxide (N2O) emissions in a grassland ecosystem. We examined the responses of soil N2O emissions, as well as the responses of the two main microbial processes contributing to soil N2O production – nitrification and denitrification – and of their main drivers. We show that the fire disturbance greatly increased soil N2O emissions over a three-year period, and that elevated CO2 and enhanced nitrogen supply amplified fire effects on soil N2O emissions: emissions increased by a factor of two with fire alone and by a factor of six under the combined influence of fire, elevated CO2 and nitrogen. We also provide evidence that this response was caused by increased microbial denitrification, resulting from increased soil moisture and soil carbon and nitrogen availability in the burned and fertilized plots. Conclusions/Significance Our results indicate that the combined effects of fire and global environmental changes can exceed their effects in isolation, thereby creating unexpected feedbacks to soil greenhouse gas emissions. These findings highlight the need to further explore the impacts of ecological disturbances on ecosystem functioning in the context of global change if we wish to be able to model future soil greenhouse gas emissions with greater confidence.
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Veldkamp E, Purbopuspito J, Corre MD, Brumme R, Murdiyarso D. Land use change effects on trace gas fluxes in the forest margins of Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jg000522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Edzo Veldkamp
- Buesgen Institute, Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems; Georg-August University of Goettingen; Goettingen Germany
| | - Joko Purbopuspito
- Buesgen Institute, Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems; Georg-August University of Goettingen; Goettingen Germany
| | - Marife D. Corre
- Buesgen Institute, Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems; Georg-August University of Goettingen; Goettingen Germany
| | - Rainer Brumme
- Buesgen Institute, Soil Science of Tropical and Subtropical Ecosystems; Georg-August University of Goettingen; Goettingen Germany
| | - Daniel Murdiyarso
- Center for International Forestry Research, Jalan CIFOR; Situgede, Sindangbarang, Bogor Indonesia
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Werner C, Kiese R, Butterbach-Bahl K. Soil-atmosphere exchange of N2O, CH4, and CO2and controlling environmental factors for tropical rain forest sites in western Kenya. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Pinto ADS. Soil emissions of N2O, NO, and CO2in Brazilian Savannas: Effects of vegetation type, seasonality, and prescribed fires. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Maddock JEL, dos Santos MBP, Prata KR. Nitrous oxide emission from soil of the Mata Atlantica, Rio de Janeiro State, Brazil. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Bréas O, Guillou C, Reniero F, Wada E. The global methane cycle: isotopes and mixing ratios, sources and sinks. ISOTOPES IN ENVIRONMENTAL AND HEALTH STUDIES 2001; 37:257-379. [PMID: 12723792 DOI: 10.1080/10256010108033302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
A review of the global cycle of methane is presented with emphasis on its isotopic composition. The history of methane mixing ratios, reconstructed from measurements of air trapped in ice-cores is described. The methane record now extends back to 420 kyr ago in the case of the Vostok ice cores from Antarctica. The trends in mixing ratios and in delta13C values are reported for the two Hemispheres. The increase of the atmospheric methane concentration over the past 200 years, and by 1% per year since 1978, reaching 1.7 ppmv in 1990 is underlined. The various methane sources are presented. Indeed the authors describe the methane emissions by bacterial activity under anaerobic conditions in wet environments (wetlands, bogs, tundra, rice paddies), in ruminant stomachs and termite guts, and that originating from fossil carbon sources, such as biomass burning, coal mining, industrial losses, automobile exhaust, sea floor vent, and volcanic emissions. Furthermore, the main sinks of methane in the troposphere, soils or waters via oxidation are also reported, and the corresponding kinetic isotope effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Bréas
- European Commission Joint Research Centre, Institute for Reference Materials and Measurements, Isotope Measurements Unit, B-2440 Geel, Belgium
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Breuer L, Papen H, Butterbach-Bahl K. N2O emission from tropical forest soils of Australia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 155] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Skiba U, Smith K. The control of nitrous oxide emissions from agricultural and natural soils. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-9972(00)00016-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Keller M, Weitz AM, Bryan B, Rivera MM, Silver WL. Soil-atmosphere nitrogen oxide fluxes: Effects of root disturbance. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Weitz AM, Keller M, Linder E, Crill PM. Spatial and temporal variability of nitrogen oxide and methane fluxes from a fertilized tree plantation in Costa Rica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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