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Cheng B, Alapaty K, Shu Q, Arunachalam S. Dry Deposition Methods Based on Turbulence Kinetic Energy: Part 2. Extension to Particle Deposition Using a Single-Point Model. JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH. ATMOSPHERES : JGR 2022; 127:1-19. [PMID: 36544786 PMCID: PMC9762401 DOI: 10.1029/2022jd037803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Magnitude of atmospheric turbulence, a key driver of several processes that contribute to aerosol (i.e., particle) deposition, is underrepresented in current models. Various formulations have been developed to model particle dry deposition; all these formulations typically rely on friction velocity and some use additional ad hoc factors to represent enhanced impacts of turbulence. However, none were formally linked with the three-dimensional (3-D) turbulence. Here, we propose a set of 3-D turbulence-dependent resistance formulations for particle dry deposition simulation and intercompare the performance of new resistance formulations with that obtained from using the existing formulations and measured dry deposition velocity. Turbulence parameters such as turbulence velocity scale, turbulence factor, intensity of turbulence, effective sedimentation velocity, and effective Stokes number are newly introduced into two different particle deposition schemes to improve turbulence strength representation. For an assumed particle size distribution, the newly proposed schemes predict stronger diurnal variation of particle dry deposition velocity and are comparable to corresponding measurements while existing formulations indicate large underpredictions. We also find that the incorporation of new turbulence parameters either introduced or added stronger diurnal variability to sedimentation velocity and collection efficiencies values, making the new schemes predict higher deposition values during daytime and nighttime when compared to existing schemes. The findings from this research may help improve the capability of dry deposition schemes in regional and global models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Cheng
- Postdoctoral Research Participant, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education/Office of Research and Development/Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling/Atmospheric and Environmental Systems Modeling Division /U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Institute for the Environment, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
| | - Kiran Alapaty
- Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling, Office of Research and Development, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Qian Shu
- Postdoctoral Research Participant, Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education/Office of Research and Development/Center for Environmental Measurement and Modeling/Atmospheric and Environmental Systems Modeling Division /U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Saravanan Arunachalam
- Institute for the Environment, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, North Carolina, USA
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Farmer DK, Boedicker EK, DeBolt HM. Dry Deposition of Atmospheric Aerosols: Approaches, Observations, and Mechanisms. Annu Rev Phys Chem 2021; 72:375-397. [PMID: 33472381 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-physchem-090519-034936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Aerosols are liquid or solid particles suspended in the atmosphere, typically with diameters on the order of nanometers to microns. These particles impact air quality and the radiative balance of the planet. Dry deposition is a key process for the removal of aerosols from the atmosphere and plays an important role in controlling the lifetime of atmospheric aerosols. Dry deposition is driven by turbulence and shows a strong dependence on particle size. This review summarizes the mechanisms behind aerosol dry deposition, including measurement approaches, field observations, and modeling studies. We identify several gaps in the literature, including deposition over the cryosphere (i.e., snow and ice surfaces) and the ocean; in addition, we highlight new techniques to measure black carbon fluxes. While recent advances in aerosol instrumentation have enhanced our understanding of aerosol sources and chemistry, dry deposition and other loss processes remain poorly investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delphine K Farmer
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA;
| | - Erin K Boedicker
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA;
| | - Holly M DeBolt
- Department of Chemistry, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado 80523, USA;
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The Concentrations and Removal Effects of PM10 and PM2.5 on a Wetland in Beijing. SUSTAINABILITY 2019. [DOI: 10.3390/su11051312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Particulate matter (PM) is an essential source of atmospheric pollution in metropolitan areas since it has adverse effects on human health. However, previous research suggested wetlands can remove particulate matter from the atmosphere to land surfaces. This study was conducted in the Hanshiqiao Wetland National Nature Reserve in Beijing during 2016. The concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 on a wetland and bare land in the park, as well as metrological data, were collected during the whole year. Based on the observed data, removal efficiency of each land use type was calculated by empirical models and the relationships between concentrations and metrological factors were also analyzed. The results indicated that: (1) In general, the PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations on the bare land surface were higher than those on the wetland surface, in both of which the highest value appeared at night and evening, while the lowest value appeared near noon. In terms of season, the average concentration of PM10 was higher in winter (wetland: 137.48 μg·m−3; bare land: 164.75 μg·m−3) and spring (wetland: 205.18 μg·m−3; bare land: 244.85 μg·m−3) in general. The concentration of PM2.5 on the wetland surface showed the same pattern, while that on the bare land surface was higher in spring and summer. (2) Concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were significantly correlated with the relative humidity (p < 0.01) and inversely correlated with wind speed (p < 0.05). The relationship between PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations and temperature was more complicated—it showed a significantly negative correlation (p < 0.01) between them in winter and spring, however, the correlation was insignificant in autumn. In summer, only the correlation between PM10 concentration and temperature on the wetland surface was significant (p < 0.01). (3) The dry removal efficiency of PM10 was greater than that of PM2.5. The dry removal efficiencies of PM10 and PM2.5 followed the order of spring > winter > autumn > summer on the wetland. This study seeks to provide practical measures to improve air quality and facilitate sustainable development in Beijing.
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Medeiros DJ, Blitz MA, Seakins PW. Exploring the features on the OH + SO 2 potential energy surface using theory and testing its accuracy by comparison to experimental data. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2018; 20:8984-8990. [PMID: 29557461 DOI: 10.1039/c8cp00091c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Ab initio theory has been used to identify the pre-reaction complex in the atmospherically important reaction between OH + SO2, (R1), where the binding energy of the pre-reaction complex was determined to be 7.2 kJ mol-1. Using reaction rate theory, implemented with the master equation package MESMER, the effects of this complex on the kinetics of R1 at temperatures above 250 K have been investigated. From simulations and fitting to the experimental kinetic data, it is clear that the influence of this pre-reaction complex is negligible and that the kinetics are controlled by the inner transition-state that leads to the product, HOSO2. While the effect of this complex on the thermal kinetics is small it potentially provides an efficient route to remove energy from vibrationally excited OH. The fitting to the past experimental data reveals that this inner transition-state is submerged with a barrier -0.25 kJ mol-1 below the entrance channel, which is outside the range predicted from the best theoretical calculations. The data fitting also yielded ΔR1H0K equal to -(109 ± 5.6) kJ mol-11 and a more precise expression for k∞1(T), (5.95 ± 0.83) × 10-13 × (T/298)-0.11±0.27.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J Medeiros
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK.
| | - M A Blitz
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
| | - P W Seakins
- School of Chemistry, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK. and National Centre for Atmospheric Science, University of Leeds, Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK
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Blitz MA, Salter RJ, Heard DE, Seakins PW. An Experimental Study of the Kinetics of OH/OD(v = 1,2,3) + SO 2: The Limiting High-Pressure Rate Coefficients as a Function of Temperature. J Phys Chem A 2017; 121:3175-3183. [PMID: 28363245 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.7b01294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The kinetics of the reaction OH/OD(v = 1,2,3) + SO2 were studied using a photolysis/laser-induced fluorescence technique. The rate coefficients OH/OD(v = 1,2,3) + SO2, k1, over the temperature range of 295-810 K were used to determine the limiting high-pressure limit k1∞. This method is usually applicable if the reaction samples the potential well of the adduct HOSO2 and if intramolecular vibrational relaxation is fast. In the present case, however, the rate coefficients showed an additional fast removal contribution as evidenced by the increase in k1 with vibrational level; this behavior together with its temperature dependence is consistent with the existence of a weakly bound complex on the potential energy surface prior to adduct formation. The data were analyzed using a composite mechanism that incoporates energy-transfer mechanisms via both the adduct and the complex, and yielded a value of k1∞(295 K) equal to (7.2 ± 3.3) × 10-13 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 (errors at 1σ), a factor of between 2 and 3 smaller than the current recommended IUPAC and JPL values of (2.0-1.0+2.0) and (1.6 ± 0.4) × 10-12 cm3 molecule-1 s-1 at 298 K, respectively, although the error bars do overlap. k1∞ was observed to only depend weakly on temperature. Further evidence for a smaller k1∞ is presented in the companion paper.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Robert J Salter
- Deloitee MCS , 3 Rivergate, Temple Quay, Bristol BR1 6GD, U.K
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Deposition of PM2.5 Sulfate in the Spring on Urban Forests in Beijing, China. ATMOSPHERE 2017. [DOI: 10.3390/atmos8010003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Liu J, Zhai J, Zhu L, Yang Y, Liu J, Zhang Z. Particle removal by vegetation: comparison in a forest and a wetland. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 24:1597-1607. [PMID: 27787706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7790-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Vegetation collection is one of the most effective scavenging methods but relevant studies are limited. It can be described by some abstract parameters such as collection rates and deposition fluxes within the canopy. In order to estimate the dry deposition within the canopy of particular matters (PMs) in Beijing, a highly particle-polluted city, and reveal the PM pollution-removal abilities of plants in wetlands and forests, concentration and meteorological data were collected during the daytime in an artificial forest and a wetland in the Olympic Park in Beijing. The dry depositions within the canopy and vegetation collection rates were calculated by a well-developed model and validated by measured deposition fluxes in 11 random experiment days. The experiment year was divided into three plant growth stages based on canopy density, and the day was divided into four different times. Two heights, 10 and 1.5 m, were defined in the forest while in the wetland, 0.5 and 1.5 m were defined. The results showed that in Beijing, the most severe pollution by PMs occurs in the non-leaf stage (NS), and the full-leaf stage (FS) is the cleanest stage. In NS, namely winter, more fossil fuel was used for worms in Beijing and peripheral areas and this might be the reason for the serious pollution condition. Within the canopy, PM deposition fluxes in the wetland are more than those in the forest, but the vegetation collection rates of the forest are higher. The lower temperature conditions led to more dry deposition, and the larger canopy contributed to the higher collection rates. During the daytime, over the year, the deposition of PM10 in three plant growth stages is NS ≥ half-leaf stages (HS) ≥ FS, whereas the deposition of PM2.5 is NS ≥ FS ≥ HS, and during the daytime, the maximum deposition fluxes occur in 6:00-9:00 in the wetland while the minimum deposition values occur in 15:00-18:00. This phenomenon was related to the temporal variation of particle concentration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiakai Liu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiexiu Zhai
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Lijuan Zhu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Yilian Yang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Jiatong Liu
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China
| | - Zhenming Zhang
- College of Nature Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, 100083, China.
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Sun F, Yin Z, Lun X, Zhao Y, Li R, Shi F, Yu X. Deposition velocity of PM2.5 in the winter and spring above deciduous and coniferous forests in Beijing, China. PLoS One 2014; 9:e97723. [PMID: 24842850 PMCID: PMC4026521 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0097723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
To estimate the deposition effect of PM2.5 (particle matter with aerodynamic diameter <2.5 µm) in forests in northern China, we used the gradient method to measure the deposition velocity of PM2.5 during the winter and spring above a deciduous forest in Olympic Forest Park and above a coniferous forest in Jiufeng National Forest Park. Six aerosol samplers were placed on two towers at each site at heights of 9, 12 and 15 m above the ground surface. The sample filters were exchanged every four hours at 6∶00 AM, 10∶00 AM, 2∶00 PM, 6∶00 PM, 10∶00 PM, and 2∶00 AM. The daytime and nighttime deposition velocities in Jiufeng Park and Olympic Park were compared in this study. The February deposition velocities in Jiufeng Park were 1.2±1.3 and 0.7±0.7 cm s−1 during the day and night, respectively. The May deposition velocities in Olympic Park were 0.9±0.8 and 0.4±0.5 cm s−1 during the day and night, respectively. The May deposition velocities in Jiufeng Park were 1.1±1.2 and 0.6±0.5 cm s−1 during the day and night, respectively. The deposition velocities above Jiufeng National Forest Park were higher than those above Olympic Forest Park. The measured values were smaller than the simulated values obtained by the Ruijgrok et al. (1997) and Wesely et al. (1985) models. However, the reproducibility of the Ruijgrok et al. (1997) model was better than that of the Wesely et al. (1985) model. The Hicks et al. (1977) model was used to analyze additional forest parameters to calculate the PM2.5 deposition, which could better reflect the role of the forest in PM2.5 deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengbin Sun
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Zhe Yin
- College of Forestry, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoxiu Lun
- College of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Zhao
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Renna Li
- College of Environmental Engineering, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
| | - Fangtian Shi
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Xinxiao Yu
- College of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, Haidian District, Beijing, China
- * E-mail:
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9
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Huebert BJ, Luke WT, Delany AC, Brost RA. Measurements of concentrations and dry surface fluxes of atmospheric nitrates in the presence of ammonia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/jd093id06p07127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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10
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Kouznetsov R, Sofiev M. A methodology for evaluation of vertical dispersion and dry deposition of atmospheric aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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11
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Katul GG, Grönholm T, Launiainen S, Vesala T. Predicting the dry deposition of aerosol-sized particles using layer-resolved canopy and pipe flow analogy models: Role of turbophoresis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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12
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Zhang Y, Yu Q, Ma W, Chen L. Atmospheric deposition of inorganic nitrogen to the eastern China seas and its implications to marine biogeochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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13
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Field CV, Schmidt GA. Model-based constraints on interpreting 20th century trends in ice core10Be. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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14
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Wang M, Penner JE, Liu X. Coupled IMPACT aerosol and NCAR CAM3 model: Evaluation of predicted aerosol number and size distribution. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd010459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Feng J. A size-resolved model and a four-mode parameterization of dry deposition of atmospheric aerosols. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Jeong JI, Park SU. Interaction of gaseous pollutants with aerosols in Asia during March 2002. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2008; 392:262-276. [PMID: 18191987 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2007.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2006] [Revised: 11/03/2007] [Accepted: 11/08/2007] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
The Asian Dust Aerosol Model (ADAM) and the aerosol dynamic model with the output of the fifth generation of mesoscale model (MM5) in a grid of 60x60 km2 over the Asian domain have been performed with and without the heterogeneous reaction (gas-aerosol interaction) to estimate the effect of the gas-aerosol interaction on the formation of aerosol for the period of 1-31 March 2002 when a severe Asian dust event has been observed during this period. The simulated gas-phase pollutants concentrations and aerosols are compared with those observed in South Korea and the East Asia Network (EANET). The results indicate that the present modeling system including ADAM, aerosol dynamic model and MM5 model simulates quite well and the gas-phase pollutants concentrations observed in South Korea and the simulated aerosol concentrations with the gas-aerosol interaction yield much better results in concentrations than those without the gas-aerosol interaction. It is found that the favorable regions for the gas-aerosol interaction in Asia are eastern China (high pollutants emissions), Korea, Japan and the East China Sea that are downstream regions of the Asian dust sources and relatively high relative humidity. In these regions the concentrations of SO2 and O3 decrease whereas the concentrations of sulfate and nitrate increase significantly due to the gas-aerosol interaction. In particular, the increase of sulfate concentration due to the interaction is more than 30% of the corresponding concentration without the gas-aerosol interaction. It is also found that the time-area mean column concentrations of PM10, sulfate, nitrate in the model domain are respectively to be 154.9, 3.2, 3.6 mg m(-2) without the gas-aerosol interaction. However, with the gas-aerosol interaction these values have been increased to 0.6% (155.8 mg m(-2)), 16% (3.7 mg m(-2)), and 14% (4.1 mg m(-2)) of the corresponding concentration without the gas-aerosol interaction. On the other hand, the time-area mean concentration of ammonium is found to decrease about 13% (1.8 mg m(-2) to 1.6 mg m(-2)) due to the gas-aerosol interaction. The result clearly indicates the importance of the gas-aerosol interaction on the tropospheric chemistry during the long-range transport period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-In Jeong
- School of Earth and Environmental Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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17
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Sickles JE, Shadwick DS. Seasonal and regional air quality and atmospheric deposition in the eastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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18
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Pryor SC, Larsen SE, Sørensen LL, Barthelmie RJ, Grönholm T, Kulmala M, Launiainen S, Rannik Ü, Vesala T. Particle fluxes over forests: Analyses of flux methods and functional dependencies. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd008066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Ito A, Sillman S, Penner JE. Effects of additional nonmethane volatile organic compounds, organic nitrates, and direct emissions of oxygenated organic species on global tropospheric chemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd006556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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20
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Atmospheric Deposition of Reactive Nitrogen on Turf Grassland in Central Japan: Comparison of the Contribution of Wet and Dry Deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s11267-006-9096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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21
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Zhang L, Vet R. A review of current knowledge concerning size-dependent aerosol removal. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/s1672-2515(07)60276-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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22
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Ziemke JR, Chandra S, Duncan BN, Froidevaux L, Bhartia PK, Levelt PF, Waters JW. Tropospheric ozone determined from Aura OMI and MLS: Evaluation of measurements and comparison with the Global Modeling Initiative's Chemical Transport Model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 253] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Lamarque JF. Assessing future nitrogen deposition and carbon cycle feedback using a multimodel approach: Analysis of nitrogen deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 221] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Rotman DA, Atherton CS, Bergmann DJ, Cameron-Smith PJ, Chuang CC, Connell PS, Dignon JE, Franz A, Grant KE, Kinnison DE, Molenkamp CR, Proctor DD, Tannahill JR. IMPACT, the LLNL 3-D global atmospheric chemical transport model for the combined troposphere and stratosphere: Model description and analysis of ozone and other trace gases. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd003155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. A. Rotman
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - C. S. Atherton
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - D. J. Bergmann
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - P. J. Cameron-Smith
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - C. C. Chuang
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - P. S. Connell
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - J. E. Dignon
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - A. Franz
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - K. E. Grant
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - D. E. Kinnison
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - C. R. Molenkamp
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - D. D. Proctor
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
| | - J. R. Tannahill
- Atmospheric Science Division; Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory; Livermore California USA
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25
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Schaap M. Anthropogenic black carbon and fine aerosol distribution over Europe. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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26
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Park SU. Parameterization of dust emission for the simulation of the yellow sand (Asian dust) event observed in March 2002 in Korea. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd003484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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27
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Baumgardner RE, Lavery TF, Rogers CM, Isil SS. Estimates of the atmospheric deposition of sulfur and nitrogen species: Clean Air Status and Trends Network 1990-2000. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2002; 36:2614-29. [PMID: 12099457 DOI: 10.1021/es011146g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNet) was established by the U.S. EPA in response to the requirements of the 1990 Clean Air Act Amendments. To satisfy these requirements CASTNet was designed to assess and report on geographic patterns and long-term, temporal trends in ambient air pollution and acid deposition in order to gauge the effectiveness of current and future mandated emission reductions. This paper presents an analysis of the spatial patterns of deposition of sulfur and nitrogen pollutants for the period 1990-2000. Estimates of deposition are provided for two 4-yr periods: 1990-1993 and 1997-2000. These two periods were selected to contrast deposition before and after the large decrease in SO2 emissions that occurred in 1995. Estimates of dry deposition were obtained from measurements at CASTNet sites combined with deposition velocities that were modeled using the multilayer model, a 20-layer model that simulates the various atmospheric processes that contribute to dry deposition. Estimates of wet deposition were obtained from measurements at sites operated bythe National Atmospheric Deposition Program. The estimates of dry and wet deposition were combined to calculate total deposition of atmospheric sulfur (dry SO2, dry and wet SO4(2-)) and nitrogen (dry HNO3, dry and wet NO3-, dry and wet NH4+). An analysis of the deposition estimates showed a significant decline in sulfur deposition and no change in nitrogen deposition. The highest rates of sulfur deposition were observed in the Ohio River Valley and downwind states. This region also observed the largest decline in sulfur deposition. The highest rates of nitrogen deposition were observed in the Midwest from Illinois to southern New York State. Sulfur and nitrogen deposition fluxes were significantly higher in the eastern United States as compared to the western sites. Dry deposition contributed approximately 38% of total sulfur deposition and 30% of total nitrogen deposition in the eastern United States. Percentages are similar for the two 4-yr periods. Wet sulfate and dry SO2 depositions were the largest contributors to sulfur deposition. Wet nitrate, wet ammonium, and dry HNO3 depositions were the largest contributors to nitrogen deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ralph E Baumgardner
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27711, USA.
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SAKASHITA T, NAKAMURA Y, DOI M. Test of Wet Scavenging Parameterization Schemes by Simulation of Monthly Depositions of7Be using Normally Available Data on Environmental Monitoring and Local Meteorology. J NUCL SCI TECHNOL 2002. [DOI: 10.1080/18811248.2002.9715173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Dry deposition of reactive nitrogen and sulfur compounds in the Greater Seoul Area. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2002. [DOI: 10.1007/bf02706874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Gallagher MW. Measurements and parameterizations of small aerosol deposition velocities to grassland, arable crops, and forest: Influence of surface roughness length on deposition. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2002. [DOI: 10.1029/2001jd000817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Nunnermacker LJ, Kleinman LI, Imre D, Daum PH, Lee YN, Lee JH, Springston SR, Newman L, Gillani N. NOylifetimes and O3production efficiencies in urban and power plant plumes: Analysis of field data. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Ganzeveld L, Lelieveld J, Roelofs GJ. A dry deposition parameterization for sulfur oxides in a chemistry and general circulation model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1998. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 128] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Russell A. REGIONAL PHOTOCHEMICAL AIR QUALITY MODELING:Model Formulations, History, and State of the Science. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev.energy.22.1.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
▪ Abstract Regional air quality models have been used for scientific investigation of trace species dynamics for over two decades and are now beginning to take a central position in air quality management. In particular, they have been used for studying the transport and fate of atmospheric acids, photochemical oxidants (e.g. ozone), and more recently, aerosols. Such models are based on numerically solving the mass conservation equations for a chemically interacting system of species and are applied to horizontal domains of 1000s of kms. Primary applications include assessing the response of pollutant concentrations to emissions controls, quantifying the flux of pollutants across and out of a region, and understanding the impact of specific processes on pollutant concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armistead Russell
- School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Georgia 30332
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Chin M, Jacob DJ, Gardner GM, Foreman-Fowler MS, Spiro PA, Savoie DL. A global three-dimensional model of tropospheric sulfate. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1029/96jd01221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 244] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Deposition of aerosol to coniferous forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1116(06)80279-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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EDACS: European deposition maps of acidifying components on a small scale. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1016/s0166-1116(06)80285-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Binkowski FS, Shankar U. The Regional Particulate Matter Model: 1. Model description and preliminary results. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1995. [DOI: 10.1029/95jd02093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 437] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Lamaux E, Labatut A, Fontan J, Lopez A, Druilhet A, Brunet Y. Biosphere atmosphere exchanges: Ozone and aerosol dry deposition velocities over a pine forest. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING AND ASSESSMENT 1994; 31:175-181. [PMID: 24213903 DOI: 10.1007/bf00547194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Measurements of dry deposition velocities for ozone and aerosol particles has been measured over a pine forest in the south-west of France by the eddy correlation method. Low frequency fluctuations in the variations of scalars can introduce erroneous values of vertical fluxes for ozone and aerosol particles but also, in some cases of low wind, for momentum and heat. The dry deposition velocity variations are similar for ozone and aerosol, although the mechanism of deposition are different. In the case of aerosol particles a parametrization, not far from that of Wesely et al. (1985) can be given.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lamaux
- Laboratoire d'Aerologie, U.A. CNRS n° 354, Université Paul Sabatier, 31062, Toulouse cedex, France
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Lamaud E, Brunet Y, Labatut A, Lopez A, Fontan J, Druilhet A. The Landes experiment: Biosphere-atmosphere exchanges of ozone and aerosol particles above a pine forest. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1994. [DOI: 10.1029/94jd00668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Draaijers GP, Erisman JW. Atmospheric sulphur deposition to forest stands: Throughfall estimates compared to estimates from inference. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(93)90069-b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Balkanski YJ, Jacob DJ, Gardner GM, Graustein WC, Turekian KK. Transport and residence times of tropospheric aerosols inferred from a global three-dimensional simulation of210Pb. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1993. [DOI: 10.1029/93jd02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 297] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Edgerton ES, Lavery TF, Boksleitner RP. Preliminary data from the USEPA dry deposition network: 1989. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 1992; 75:145-156. [PMID: 15092028 DOI: 10.1016/0269-7491(92)90034-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the National Dry Deposition Network is to determine patterns and trends of dry deposition for various sulfur and nitrogen species at roughly 50 locations throughout the continental USA. Each site is equipped for collection of continuous meteorological and ozone data and weekly average concentrations of SO4(2-), NO3-, SO2 and HNO3, using a three-stage filter pack. Results from 40 eastern US sites operational throughout 1989 show species-dependent variability from site to site, season to season, and day to night. Annual average concentrations of atmospheric SO4(2-), NO3-, SO2 and HNO3 ranged from 2.7 to 7.9, 0.2 to 3.9, 2.4 to 23.2 and 0.7 to 3.6 microg/m(-3), respectively. Seasonal variability was considerable for all constituents. Day/night data indicate that SO2 and HNO3, but not SO4(2-) and NO3-, are typically found at moderately to substantially lower concentrations at night, especially during spring and summer. Estimated dry deposition for SO2 and HNO3 appear to be much greater than for SO4(2-) and NO3-, respectively. Comparison of measured wet deposition and estimated dry deposition at numerous sites suggests that the two are similar in magnitude over much of the eastern USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S Edgerton
- Environmental Science and Engineering, Inc., PO Box 1607, Gainesville, FL 32602-1607, USA
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Schlünzen K, Pahl S. Modification of dry deposition in a developing sea-breeze circulation—A numerical case study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1992. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(92)90260-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Allen A, Harrison R, Nicholson K. Dry deposition of fine aerosol to a short grass surface. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(91)90197-f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Apparent deposition velocity and compensation point of ammonia inferred from gradient measurements above and through alfalfa. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1990. [DOI: 10.1016/0960-1686(90)90145-d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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