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Hayashi Y, Harada A, Kamata K, Eguchi N, Tanaka M. A Surgical Case of Infected Popliteal Artery Aneurysm From Rare Bacteria, Eubacterium sp. Cureus 2024; 16:e55744. [PMID: 38586662 PMCID: PMC10998732 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.55744] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
A 79-year-old man presented to our hospital with complaints of a sudden worsening of swelling in the right popliteal fossa and fever persisting for a week. Upon close examination, an infected popliteal artery aneurysm (PAA) was identified. Given the risk of rupture, the patient was advised to undergo surgery. The surgical procedure involved resecting the infectious PAA using a lateral approach. Additionally, a bypass was performed from the superficial femoral artery to the below-knee artery, utilizing the great saphenous vein located at the posterior aspect of the knee. Surgical findings revealed a popliteal artery pseudoaneurysm. Preoperative blood cultures identified Eubacterium spp., and cultures of the inoperative aneurysm specimens confirmed the presence of the same bacteria. After surgery, inflammation quickly subsided, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day (POD) 41 after receiving transvenous antibiotic therapy. Although PAA accounts for approximately 80% of all peripheral arterial aneurysms, mycotic aneurysms are relatively rare. Eubacterium spp. is part of the human intestinal or oral flora, and very few reports of bacteremia have been published. The present case of bacteremia caused by Eubacterium sp. is very rare; to the best of our knowledge, no literature has been published on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Hayashi
- The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Atsushi Harada
- The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Keita Kamata
- The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Naoki Eguchi
- The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
| | - Masashi Tanaka
- The Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Nihon University School of Medicine, Tokyo, JPN
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He X, Hao P, Wang Y, Wu C, Yin W, Shahid MA, Wu S, Nawaz S, Du W, Xu Y, Yu Y, Wu Y, Ye Y, Fan J, Mehmood K, Li K, Ju J. Swertia bimaculata moderated liver damage in mice by regulating intestine microbiota. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 263:115223. [PMID: 37418941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/09/2023]
Abstract
Swertia bimaculata (SB) is a medicinal herb in China having an array of therapeutic and biological properties. This study aimed to explore the attenuating effect of SB on carbon tetrachloride (CCl4) induced hepato-toxicity by regulation of gut microbiome in ICR mice. For this purpose, CCl4 was injected intraperitoneally in different mice groups (B, C, D and E) every 4th day for a period of 47 days. Additionally, C, D, and E groups received a daily dose (50 mg/kg, 100 mg/kg, and 200 mg/kg respectively) of Ether extract of SB via gavage for the whole study period. The results of serum biochemistry analysis, ELISA, H&E staining, and sequencing of the gut microbiome, indicated that SB significantly alleviates the CCl4-induced liver damage and hepatocyte degeneration. The serum levels of alanine transaminase, aspartate aminotransferase, malondialdehyde, interleukin 1 beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha were significantly lower in SB treated groups compared to control while levels of glutathione peroxidase were raised. Also, the sequencing data indicate that supplementation with SB could restore the microbiome and its function in CCl4-induced variations in intestinal microbiome of mice by significantly downregulating the abundances of pathogenic intestinal bacteria species including Bacteroides, Enterococcus, Eubacterium, Bifidobacterium while upregulating the levels of beneficial bacteria like Christensenella in the gut. In conclusion, we revealed that SB depicts a beneficial effect against hepatotoxicity induced by CCl4 in mice through the remission of hepatic inflammation and injury, through regulation of oxidative stress, and by restoring gut microbiota dysbiosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaolei He
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Ping Hao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yun Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Chenyang Wu
- College of Animal Science & Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Wen Yin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Muhammad Akbar Shahid
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Sciences, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Bosan Road, Multan, 60800, Pakistan
| | - Shengbo Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Shah Nawaz
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad 32000, Pakistan
| | - Weiming Du
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yanling Xu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yi Yu
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Yuhan Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No. 1 Weigang, Nanjing 210095, PR China
| | - Junting Fan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 211166, PR China
| | - Khalid Mehmood
- Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, 63100, Pakistan
| | - Kun Li
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Veterinary Medicine & MOE Joint International Research Laboratory of Animal Health and Food Safety, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, PR China.
| | - Jianming Ju
- Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, China; Jiangsu Province Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanjing 210028, PR China.
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. A critical analysis of research methods and experimental models to study the root canal microbiome. Int Endod J 2021; 55 Suppl 1:46-71. [PMID: 34714548 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic microbiology deals with the study of the microbial aetiology and pathogenesis of pulpal and periradicular inflammatory diseases. Research in endodontic microbiology started almost 130 years ago and since then has mostly focussed on establishing and confirming the infectious aetiology of apical periodontitis, identifying the microbial species associated with the different types of endodontic infections and determining the efficacy of treatment procedures in eradicating or controlling infection. Diverse analytical methods have been used over the years, each one with their own advantages and limitations. In this review, the main features and applications of the most used technologies are discussed, and advice is provided to improve study designs in order to properly address the scientific questions and avoid setbacks that can compromise the results. Finally, areas of future research are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- José F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
| | - Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Endodontics and Molecular Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Grande Rio University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.,Department of Dental Research, Faculty of Dentistry, Iguaçu University (UNIG), Nova Iguaçu, Brazil
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Inspection of the Microbiota in Endodontic Lesions. Dent J (Basel) 2019; 7:dj7020047. [PMID: 31052361 PMCID: PMC6630690 DOI: 10.3390/dj7020047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 03/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary objective of endodontic therapy is to create a biologically acceptable environment within the root canal system that allows for the healing and maintenance of the health of the peri-radicular tissue. Bacteria are one of the main causes of pulp problems, and they have different methods of penetrating and invading the endodontic space such as through carious lesions, traumatic pulp exposures, and fractures. The types of bacteria found range from facultative anaerobes to aerobes, up to the most resistant species able to survive in nutrient-free environments; the bacterial species Enterococcus faecalis belongs to this last group. Enterococcus faecalis is considered one of the main causes of recurring apical periodontal lesions following endodontic treatment, with persistent lesions occurring even after re-treatment. The review presented in this paper was performed in accordance with the PRISMA protocol and covers articles from the related scientific literature that were sourced from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar using the following terms as keywords: “endodontic treatment”, “endodontic bacteria”, “microbial endodontic”, and “endodontic failure”. Only the articles considered most relevant for the purposes of this paper were read in full and taken into consideration for the following review. The results show that Enterococcus faecalis, Actinomycetes, and Propionibacterium propionicum are the species most frequently involved in persistent radicular and extra-radicular infections.
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Ahasan MS, Waltzek TB, Huerlimann R, Ariel E. Comparative analysis of gut bacterial communities of green turtles (Chelonia mydas) pre-hospitalization and post-rehabilitation by high-throughput sequencing of bacterial 16S rRNA gene. Microbiol Res 2017; 207:91-99. [PMID: 29458874 DOI: 10.1016/j.micres.2017.11.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/18/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Stranded green turtles (Chelonia mydas) are often cared for in rehabilitation centers until they recover. Although the specific causal agents of diseases in stranded turtles are difficult to diagnose, we know that gut microbiota of green turtles play a vital role in health as well as a wide range of diseases. The objective of this study was to characterize and compare the gut bacterial communities between pre-hospitalization (PH) and post-rehabilitation (PR) stranded green turtles using high-throughput sequencing analysis targeting V1-V3 regions of the bacterial 16S rRNA gene. A total of eight cloacal swab samples were collected from four green turtles undergoing rehabilitation. Proteobacteria dominating in both PH and PR samples without any significant difference. Firmicutes was the second and Bacteroidetes was the third most abundant phylum in PH samples, while Bacteroidetes prevailed in PR samples, followed by Firmicutes. The predominance of the genus Bacteroides in both PH and PR samples indicates the importance of this genus in turtle gut health. At a class level, Epsilonproteobacteria was significantly (P<0.05) associated with PH samples and Deltaproteobacteria predominated (P<0.05) in PR samples. The significant abundance of Campylobacter fetus, Escherichia coli, Clostridium botulinum and Vibrio parahaemolyticus in PH samples indicate pathogenic associations with stranded green turtles with zoonotic potential. The presence of Salmonella enterica in only PR samples suggest possible acquisition of this bacteria during rehabilitation. In this study, all post-rehabilitation green turtles exhibited similar bacterial communities, irrespective of their microbial compositions at pre-hospitalization. The marked differences in the gut bacterial communities of PH and PR turtles indicate the outcome of dietary, management and environmental shift during rehabilitation. Therefore, it is important to address the process of restoring normal gut microbiota of recovered turtles prior to release back to their natural habitat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Shamim Ahasan
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Qld, Australia.
| | - Thomas B Waltzek
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, 32610, USA
| | - Roger Huerlimann
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Qld, Australia
| | - Ellen Ariel
- College of Public Health, Medical and Veterinary Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, 4811, Qld, Australia
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Ghoneim M, Saber SE, El-Badry T, Obeid M, Hassib N. The Use of Different Irrigation Techniques to Decrease Bacterial Loads in Healthy and Diabetic Patients with Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2016; 4:714-719. [PMID: 28028421 PMCID: PMC5175529 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2016.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disease which weakens the human's immunity. Subsequently, it worsens the sequelae of apical periodontitis by raising a fierce bacterial trait due to the impaired host response. AIM This study aimed to estimate bacterial reduction after using different irrigation techniques in systemically healthy and diabetic patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Enterococcus faecalis, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Fusobacterium necleatum bacteria were chosen, as they are the most common and prevailing strains found in periodontitis. Bacterial samples were retrieved from necrotic root canals of systemically healthy and diabetic patients, before and after endodontic cleaning and shaping by using two different irrigation techniques; the conventional one and the EndoVac system. Quantitive polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was utilised to detect the reduction in the bacterial count. RESULTS The EndoVac irrigation system was effective in reducing bacteria, especially Peptostreptococcus micros in the diabetic group when compared to conventional irrigation technique with a statistically significant difference. CONCLUSION The EndoVac can be considered as a promising tool in combination with irrigant solution to defeat the bacterial colonies living in the root canal system. Additional studies ought to be done to improve the means of bacterial clearance mainly in immune-compromised individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ghoneim
- Endodontics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Shehab ElDin Saber
- Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Tarek El-Badry
- Orodental Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo Egypt
| | - Maram Obeid
- Endodontics Department, Faculty of Dentistry, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Nehal Hassib
- Orodental Genetics Department, National Research Centre, Cairo Egypt
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Kitano Y, Murazumi K, Duan J, Kurose K, Kobayashi S, Sugawara T, Hirata T. Effect of dietary porphyran from the red alga, Porphyra yezoensis, on glucose metabolism in diabetic KK-Ay mice. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol (Tokyo) 2013; 58:14-9. [PMID: 23007062 DOI: 10.3177/jnsv.58.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Porphyran (POR) from the red alga Porphyra yezoensis is a water soluble dietary fiber. In this study, we investigated the effect of dietary POR on glucose metabolism in KK-Ay mice (a model for type 2 diabetes). Mice were divided into 4 groups and fed a diet containing 5% cellulose (control), POR, POR Arg or POR K. After 3 wk of feeding, plasma insulin levels and the calculated homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were significantly lower in the POR group than in the control group. Compared with the control group, plasma adiponectin levels were significantly increased in the POR, POR Arg and POR K groups. These results suggest that dietary POR should improve glucose metabolism in diabetes via up-regulation of adiponectin levels. In addition, the amount of propionic acid in the cecum of the POR group was significantly higher than in the control group and the profile of bacterial flora was changed by dietary POR. In the cecum of the POR, POR Arg and POR K groups, Bacteroides was significantly increased and Clostridium coccoides was significantly decreased compared with in the control group. The effects of dietary POR on the hindgut environment might contribute to the improvement of glucose metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kitano
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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Lima SMF, Grisi DC, Kogawa EM, Franco OL, Peixoto VC, Gonçalves-Júnior JF, Arruda MP, Rezende TMB. Diabetes mellitus and inflammatory pulpal and periapical disease: a review. Int Endod J 2013; 46:700-9. [PMID: 23442003 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2012] [Accepted: 01/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the most common metabolic disorders. DM is characterized by hyperglycaemia, resulting in wound healing difficulties and systemic and oral manifestations, which have a direct effect on dental pulp integrity. Experimental and clinical studies have demonstrated a higher prevalence of periapical lesions in patients with uncontrolled diabetes. The influence of DM on periapical bone resorption and its impact on dental intervention of such patients are reviewed, and its aetiology and pathogenesis are analysed at molecular level. Pulps from patients with diabetes have the tendency to present limited dental collateral circulation, impaired immune response, increased risk of acquiring pulp infection (especially anaerobic ones) or necrosis, besides toothache and occasional tendency towards pulp necrosis caused by ischaemia. In regard to molecular pathology, hyperglycaemia is a stimulus for bone resorption, inhibiting osteoblastic differentiation and reducing bone recovery. The relationship between poorly controlled diabetes and bone metabolism is not clearly understood. Molecular knowledge about pulp alterations in patients with diabetes could offer new therapeutic directions. Knowledge about how diabetes affects systemic and oral health has an enduring importance, because it may imply not only systemic complications but also a higher risk of oral diseases with a significant effect on pulp and periapical tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M F Lima
- Center of Proteomic and Biochemical Analyzes, Post graduation in Genomic Sciences and Biotechnology, Catholic University of Brasília, Brasília, DF, Brazil
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Jungermann GB, Burns K, Nandakumar R, Tolba M, Venezia RA, Fouad AF. Antibiotic resistance in primary and persistent endodontic infections. J Endod 2012; 37:1337-44. [PMID: 21924178 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2011] [Revised: 06/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The presence of antibiotic resistance genes in endodontic microorganisms might render the infection resistant to common antibiotics. The aims of this project were to identify selected antibiotic resistance genes in primary and persistent endodontic infections and to determine the effectiveness of contemporary endodontic procedures in eliminating bacteria with these genes. METHODS In patients undergoing primary endodontic treatment or retreatment, the root canals were aseptically accessed and sampled before endodontic procedures as well as after contemporary chemomechanical preparation and medication with calcium hydroxide. Identification of the following antibiotic resistance genes was performed by using polymerase chain reaction: bla(TEM-1), cfxA, blaZ, tetM, tetW, tetQ, vanA, vanD, and vanE. Limited phenotypic identification and antibiotic susceptibility verification were also performed. RESULTS Overall, there were 45 specimens available for analysis, 30 from primary and 15 from persistent endodontic infections. In preoperative specimens, only bla(TEM-1) was significantly more prevalent in primary versus persistent infections (P = .04). After contemporary treatment procedures, there was an overall reduction in prevalence of these genes (P < .001). bla(TEM-1) and tetW were significantly reduced (P < .05), cfxA, blaZ, and tetQ were eliminated, but there was no change in tetM. No specimens contained vanA, vanD, or vanE. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed significant differences among the antibiotics (P < .001) and general concordance with the gene findings. CONCLUSIONS bla(TEM)(-1) was more prevalent in primary than persistent infections. Vancomycin resistance was not present. The genes identified were reduced with treatment except for tetM. Genetic testing might be useful as a screening tool for antibiotic resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen B Jungermann
- Department of Endodontics, Dental School, University of Maryland, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, USA
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Nandakumar R, Madayiputhiya N, Fouad AF. Proteomic analysis of endodontic infections by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 24:347-52. [PMID: 19572900 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2009.00520.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Endodontic infections are very prevalent and have a polymicrobial etiology characterized by complex interrelationships between endodontic microorganisms and the host defenses. Proteomic analysis of endodontic infections can provide global insights into the invasion, pathogenicity mechanisms, and multifactorial interactions existing between root canal bacteria and the host in the initiation and progression of apical periodontitis. The purpose of this study was to apply proteomic techniques such as liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) for the identification of proteins of bacterial origin present in endodontic infections. METHODS Endodontic specimens were aseptically obtained from seven patients with root canal infections. Protein mixtures were subjected to tryptic in-solution digestion and analysed by reverse-phase nano-LC-MS/MS followed by a database search. RESULTS Proteins, mainly of cell wall or membrane origin, from endodontic bacteria especially Enterococcus faecalis, Enterococcus faecium, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Treponema denticola were identified from all the samples tested. Identified proteins included adhesins, autolysins, proteases, virulence factors, and antibiotic-resistance proteins. CONCLUSIONS LC-MS/MS offers a sensitive analytical platform to study the disease processes in the root canal environment. The array of proteins expressed in endodontic infections reflects the complex microbial presence and highlights the bacterial species involved in the inflammatory process.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nandakumar
- Department of Endodontics, Prosthodontics and Operative Dentistry, Baltimore College of Dental Surgery, Baltimore, MD, USA
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Rôças IN, Hülsmann M, Siqueira JF. Microorganisms in Root Canal–treated Teeth from a German Population. J Endod 2008; 34:926-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2008.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2008] [Revised: 05/19/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kim S, Lee S, Kim E, Seo D, Song Y, Jung I. Selective detection of viableEnterococcus faecalisusing propidium monoazide in combination with real-time PCR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.5395/jkacd.2008.33.6.537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sinyoung Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea
| | - Seungjong Lee
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea
| | - Euiseong Kim
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea
| | - Deoggyu Seo
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea
| | - Yoonjung Song
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea
| | - Ilyoung Jung
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Korea
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Molecular detection and identification of Synergistes phylotypes in primary endodontic infections. Oral Dis 2007; 13:398-401. [PMID: 17577326 DOI: 10.1111/j.1601-0825.2006.01301.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM Uncultivated phylotypes from the Synergistes group have recently emerged as suspected endodontic pathogens. This study aimed to investigate the presence and identity of these bacteria in primary endodontic infections using a 16S rRNA gene-based group-specific heminested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) protocol. MATERIALS AND METHODS Genomic DNA was isolated directly from clinical samples and used as templates for PCR. Amplicons from positive specimens were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed to determine species identity. RESULTS Overall, about one-third of the samples harbored Synergistes bacteria. The following phylotypes were disclosed: oral clones W028, BA121/P4G_18 P1, W090, BH017 and E3_33. CONCLUSIONS These results demonstrated that as-yet uncultivated Synergistes phylotypes are present in the endodontic microbiota and a role in causation of apical periodontitis is suggested though remains unproven.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Armada-Dias L, Breda J, Provenzano JC, Breitenbach M, Rôças IDN, Gahyva SMM, Siqueira JF. Development of periradicular lesions in normal and diabetic rats. J Appl Oral Sci 2006; 14:371-5. [PMID: 19089060 PMCID: PMC4327230 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572006000500013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2006] [Revised: 07/18/2006] [Accepted: 08/17/2006] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Evidence suggests that diabetic patients are more significantly affected by problems of endodontic origin. This study sought to radiographically and histologically examine the development of periradicular inflammation in control and in diabetic rats after induction of pulpal infection. The pulps of the mandibular first molars of normal and streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats were exposed and left in contact with their oral cavities for 21 and 40 days. Afterwards, the animals were sacrificed, the mandibles were surgically removed, fixed in formalin and then radiographed in a standardized position. The radiographic images of the periradicular lesions were scanned and computerized images were evaluated for the total area of the lesions using a specific software. Representative specimens were also prepared for histopathological analysis. Radiographic analysis revealed that diabetic rats presented significantly larger periradicular lesions when compared with control rats, regardless of the experimental period (p<0.05). Histopathological examination of representative specimens revealed larger periradicular lesions and more severe inflammatory exudate in the group of diabetic rats when compared with the control group. Data from the present study indicated that diabetic rats can be more prone to develop large periradicular lesions, possibly due to reduction in the defense ability against microbial pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luci Armada-Dias
- PhD, Professor of Physiology, Dental School, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jorge Breda
- Undergraduate student, Dental School, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - José Claudio Provenzano
- DDS, Graduate student, Master's Program in Endodontics, Dental School, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Marisa Breitenbach
- PhD, Professor of Physiology, Dental School, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Isabela das Neves Rôças
- PhD, Professors of Endodontics, Dental School, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | | | - José Freitas Siqueira
- PhD, Professors of Endodontics, Dental School, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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Rôças IN, Siqueira JF. Characterization of Dialister species in infected root canals. J Endod 2006; 32:1057-61. [PMID: 17055906 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2006.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2006] [Revised: 04/17/2006] [Accepted: 04/20/2006] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Dialister genus are asaccharolytic obligately anaerobic gram-negative coccobacilli that are culture-difficult or remain uncultivated. Their participation in endodontic infections has been only consistently demonstrated after advent of molecular biology approaches. This study was undertaken to characterize Dialister species in samples from primary endodontic infections using a devised 16S rRNA gene-based group-specific heminested PCR assay followed by sequencing of PCR products. Genomic DNA was isolated directly from clinical samples and used as template for PCR. Amplicons from positive specimens were sequenced and phylogenetically analyzed to determine species identity. Ten of 21 clinical samples yielded sequences with the highest percent similarities to oral Dialister species/phylotypes. Seven sequences were from Dialister invisus, and the other three sequences belonged to Dialister pneumosintes, Dialister oral clone BS095 and Dialister sp. clone IS013B24. Findings demonstrated that different Dialister species can take part in the microbiota associated with apical periodontitis lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabela N Rôças
- Department of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
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16
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Sakamoto M, Rôças IN, Siqueira JF, Benno Y. Molecular analysis of bacteria in asymptomatic and symptomatic endodontic infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 21:112-22. [PMID: 16476021 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2006.00270.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 145] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to use terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis and the 16S rRNA gene clone library to investigate the diversity of the microbiota associated with asymptomatic and symptomatic endodontic infections and to compare the bacterial community structure in these two clinical conditions. Samples were taken from asymptomatic endodontic infections associated with chronic periradicular lesions and from symptomatic infections clinically diagnosed as acute abscesses. 16S rRNA genes from DNA isolated from clinical samples were used to construct clone libraries or were subjected to terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis. Sequence analysis of 186 clones revealed 42 taxa; 23 (55%) were uncultivated phylotypes, of which seven were unique to endodontic infections. Clone sequencing and terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis revealed that the most commonly detected taxa were Fusobacterium nucleatum (including terminal restriction fragment types 1 and 2), Peptostreptococcus micros/Peptostreptococcus sp. oral clone AJ062/BS044/FG014, Prevotella species, Dialister species, Mogibacterium species, Lachnospiraceae oral clone 55A-34, Filifactor alocis, Megasphaera sp. oral clone CS025/BS073, and Veillonella sp. oral clone BP1-85/Veillonella dispar/V. parvula. Bacteroides-like sp. oral clone X083/Bacteroidales oral clone MCE7_20 and Dialister sp. oral clone BS016/MCE7_134 were detected only in asymptomatic teeth. On the other hand, F. nucleatum terminal restriction fragment type 2, Prevotella intermedia, Dialister pneumosintes, and some phylotypes were exclusively detected in symptomatic samples. Bacterial profiles of symptomatic endodontic infections generated by terminal restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis were clearly different from those of asymptomatic infections. Overall, the average number of terminal restriction fragments in symptomatic samples was significantly larger than in asymptomatic samples. Molecular analysis of the microbiota associated with symptomatic or asymptomatic endodontic infections indicates that the endodontic bacterial diversity is greater than previously described by culture methods and that the structure of the microbiota differ significantly between asymptomatic and symptomatic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sakamoto
- Microbe Division/Japan Collection of Microorganisms, RIKEN BioResource Center, Wako, Saitama, Japan.
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Djais A, Nakazawa F, Sato M, Sato N, Sundqvist G, Hoshino E. Asaccharolytic anaerobic gram-negative coccobacilli (AAGNC) isolated from infected root canals and periodontal pockets. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 21:28-31. [PMID: 16390338 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2005.00249.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Culture-difficult bacteria, including asaccharolytic anaerobic gram-negative coccobacilli (AAGNC), may constitute a predominant group of organisms in oral sites. This study aimed to characterize phylogenetically 10 AAGNC isolated from endodontic lesions and periodontal pockets. METHODS 16S rDNA sequence and G + C content were determined. Strains sharing more than 98% sequence similarities and similar G + C content were considered the same bacterial species. RESULTS One isolate resembled Dialister pneumosintes (the type species of the genus Dialister) with 35 mol% G + C content and 97% sequence similarity. Of eight isolates having 45-47 mol% G + C content, seven were identified as D. invisus and one resembled Dialister invisus with 97% sequence similarity. However the 16S rDNA sequence similarities with D. pneumosintes were relatively low, indicating the strains may belong to a new genus. The last isolate revealed 35 mol% G + C content, but had higher 16S rDNA sequence similarity with D. invisus than with D. pneumosintes. CONCLUSION The group of oral AAGNC isolates need to be reclassified.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Djais
- Oral Ecology in Health and Infection, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Japan
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Kaufman B, Spångberg L, Barry J, Fouad AF. Enterococcus Spp. in Endodontically Treated Teeth with and without Periradicular Lesions. J Endod 2005; 31:851-6. [PMID: 16306816 DOI: 10.1097/01.don.0000164133.04548.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine if Enterococcus spp. are more prevalent in endodontically treated teeth with periradicular lesions compared with teeth that require retreatment but have no periradicular rarefaction. Fifty-eight teeth that had received root canal therapy more than 1 yr previously and required retreatment were included. Designation of lesion versus no lesion was determined by two experienced endodontists. DNA extraction and PCR amplification were performed using ubiquitous 16S rDNA bacterial primers, as well as Enterococcus spp.-specific primers. The results showed that the overall prevalence of bacteria was 90% and Enterococcus spp. was 12%. chi analysis revealed a statistically significant relationship between the presence of a lesion and the presence of bacteria, as detected by the universal primers (p = 0.032). Using logistic regression, a statistically significant relationship was found between teeth with normal periapex and the presence of Enterococcus spp. (p = 0.023). This study revealed that bacteria are significantly associated with endodontic treatment failure but enterococci are not associated with disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blythe Kaufman
- Department of Endodontology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Uncultivated phylotypes and newly named species associated with primary and persistent endodontic infections. J Clin Microbiol 2005; 43:3314-9. [PMID: 16000454 PMCID: PMC1169097 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.43.7.3314-3319.2005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Endodontic infections have been traditionally studied by culture methods, but recent reports showing that over 50% of the oral microbiota is still uncultivable (B. J. Paster et al., J. Bacteriol. 183:3770-3783, 2001) raise the possibility that many endodontic pathogens remain unknown. This study intended to investigate the prevalence of several uncultivated oral phylotypes, as well as newly named species in primary or persistent endodontic infections associated with chronic periradicular diseases. Samples were taken from the root canals of 21 untreated teeth and 22 root-filled teeth, all of them with radiographic evidence of periradicular bone destruction. Genomic DNA was isolated directly from each sample, and 16S rRNA gene-based nested or heminested PCR assays were used to determine the presence of 13 species or phylotypes of bacteria. Species-specific primers had already been validated in the literature or were developed by aligning closely related 16S rRNA gene sequences. Species specificity for each primer pair was confirmed by running PCRs against a panel of several oral bacteria and by sequencing DNA from representative positive samples. All species or phylotypes were detected in at least one case of primary infections. The most prevalent species or phylotypes found in primary infections were Dialister invisus (81%), Synergistes oral clone BA121 (33%), and Olsenella uli (33%). Of the target bacteria, only these three species were detected in persistent infections. Detection of uncultivated phylotypes and newly named species in infected root canals suggests that there are previously unrecognized bacteria that may play a role in the pathogenesis of periradicular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Av. Almte Ary Parreiras 311/1001 Icaraí, Niterói, RJ Brazil 24230-322.
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Abstract
The effectiveness of endodontic antimicrobial treatment could be determined using sensitive molecular methods. The purpose of this study was to determine if antibiotics or endodontic reagents interfere with the ability of PCR to detect Enterococcus faecalis in vitro. Amoxicillin (25 mg/ml), clindamycin (15 mg/ml), tetracycline (25 mg/ml), doxycycline (10 mg/ml), calcium hydroxide, 1% buffered sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl1), 3% and 6% unbuffered NaOCl (NaOCl3 and NaOCl6), 2% chlorhexidine (CHX), 5% tincture iodine (TI), 2% iodine potassium iodide (IKI), chloroform (CF), 70% ethyl alcohol, 5% sodium thiosulphate, 5% citric acid or saline were added to 10 or 10 cells/ml E. faecalis ATCC 19433 for 1 h (1 wk for Ca(OH)2). Using PCR, all specimens were positive except for NaOCl3 and NaOCl6. PCR with Ca(OH)2 was positive with 10 cells/ml but negative with 10 cells/ml. The following reagents yielded negative culturing results: all antibiotics, Ca(OH)2, CHX, IKI, TI, NaOCl3, NaOCl6, and CF. BacLight nuclear staining revealed the presence of viable cells in all PCR positive, culture negative combinations, except for those with CF. Therefore, in the presence of threshold values of bacterial concentrations, all reagents tested except for NaOCl3 and NaOCl6 do not interfere with the detection of E. faecalis using PCR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontology, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington CT, USA.
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Exploiting Molecular Methods to Explore Endodontic Infections: Part 2—Redefining the Endodontic Microbiota. J Endod 2005; 31:488-98. [PMID: 15980706 DOI: 10.1097/01.don.0000157990.86638.49] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The second part of this review discusses the application of molecular methods in endodontic microbiology research for a comprehensive characterization of the microbiota associated with different types of endodontic infections. Despite their recent introduction in endodontic research, molecular methods have already given a significant contribution to the understanding of endodontic infections and the future holds the perspective of a still better refinement of the knowledge about these infections. Molecular methods have revealed a higher complexity of the endodontic microbiota than previously reported by cultivation approaches. In addition to detecting some cultivable species in increased prevalence, molecular methods have also expanded the list of putative endodontic pathogens by inclusion of some fastidious bacterial species or even uncultivated bacteria that have never been previously found in endodontic infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, R. Herotides de Oliveira 61/601, Icarai, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil 24230-230.
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Fouad AF, Zerella J, Barry J, Spångberg LS. Molecular detection of Enterococcus species in root canals of therapy-resistant endodontic infections. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 99:112-8. [PMID: 15599358 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2004.06.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objectives were to identify Enterococcus spp in nonhealing endodontic cases using PCR amplification and molecular sequencing, and to determine if the prevalence of enterococci is increased in diabetic patients. STUDY DESIGN Specimens from 40 cases undergoing retreatment were incubated in prereduced thioglycollate broth at 37 degrees C. Extracted DNA had PCR amplification using primers that target the tuf gene of 14 Enterococcus spp. PCR products were directly sequenced and identified phylogenetically. RESULTS Three cases were eliminated because the patients were on antibiotics or the tooth did not have a periradicular radiolucency. The remaining 37 specimens included 6 from diabetic patients. Eight specimens were positive for Enterococcus spp. Of these, 6 (19%) were from nondiabetic and 2 (33%) from diabetic patients (odds ratio = 2.1; chi squared, P = .45). Phylogenetically, all sequences from positive specimens matched E faecalis V583 (AE016947). Conclusion E faecalis was the only enterococcal species detected, with an overall prevalence of 22%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashraf F Fouad
- Department of Endodontology, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, Connecticut, USA.
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