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Hon KL, Tan YW, Yan Leung KK, Fung GPG, Li PH. Emergency management of food-induced anaphylaxis and severe reactions in young infants. Curr Pediatr Rev 2022; 20:CPR-EPUB-127237. [PMID: 36305133 DOI: 10.2174/1573396319666221027115126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kam Lun Hon
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Yok Weng Tan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
| | - Karen Ka Yan Leung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, The Hong Kong Children's Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Philip Hei Li
- Department of Medicine, School of Clinical Medicine at The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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Zhao L, Wang K, Wang K, Zhu J, Hu Z. Nutrient components, health benefits, and safety of litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.): A review. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2020; 19:2139-2163. [PMID: 33337091 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Litchi (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) is a tropical to subtropical fruit that is widely cultivated in more than 20 countries worldwide. It is normally consumed as fresh or processed and has become one of the most popular fruits because it has a delicious flavor, attractive color, and high nutritive value. Whole litchi fruits have been used not only as a food source but also for medicinal purposes. As a traditional Chinese medicine, litchi has been used for centuries to treat stomach ulcers, diabetes, cough, diarrhea, and dyspepsia, as well as to kill intestinal worms. Both in vitro and in vivo studies have indicated that whole litchi fruits exhibit antioxidant, hypoglycemic, hepatoprotective, hypolipidemic, and antiobesity activities and show anticancer, antiatherosclerotic, hypotensive, neuroprotective, and immunomodulatory activities. The health benefits of litchi have been attributed to its wide range of nutritional components, among which polysaccharides and polyphenols have been proven to possess various beneficial properties. The diversity and composition of litchi polysaccharides and polyphenols have vital influences on their biological activities. In addition, consuming fresh litchi and its products could lead to some adverse reactions for some people such as pruritus, urticaria, swelling of the lips, swelling of the throat, dyspnea, or diarrhea. These safety problems are probably caused by the soluble protein in litchi that could cause anaphylactic and inflammatory reactions. To achieve reasonable applications of litchi in the food, medical and cosmetics industries, this review focuses on recent findings related to the nutrient components, health benefits, and safety of litchi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Zhao
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kai Wang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Zhu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Energy Technology, Dongguan University of Technology, Dongguan, China
| | - Zhuoyan Hu
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agricultural, Guangzhou, China
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Santos KS, Gadermaier G, Vejvar E, Arcuri HA, Galvão CE, Yang AC, Resende VMF, Martins CDO, Himly M, Mari A, Liso M, Pomponi D, Breiteneder H, Wagner S, Kalil J, Ferreira F, Castro FFM. Novel allergens from ancient foods: Man e 5 from manioc (Manihot esculenta Crantz) cross reacts with Hev b 5 from latex. Mol Nutr Food Res 2013; 57:1100-9. [PMID: 23526605 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201200433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2012] [Revised: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE Manioc (Manihot esculenta) is a tuber mainly consumed in the Southern Hemisphere and used worldwide by food and chemistry industry. We aimed to recombinantly produce and characterize the first manioc allergen and evaluate its IgE reactivity in sera of Brazilian and Italian patients. METHODS AND RESULTS The molecule, termed Man e5, was expressed in E. coli, characterized by amino acid analysis, mass spectrometry, circular dichroism, HPLC, and dynamic light scattering. A tertiary structural model of the protein was produced using bioinformatics and susceptibility to pepsin digestion was analyzed in vitro. Based on its high content of charged residues, heat stability, flexibility and lack of secondary structure elements, the allergen was determined a member of the intrinsically disordered protein family. Brazilian patients were selected based on manioc allergy and Italians based on latex allergy and sensitization to Hev b 5.71% of Brazilians and 40% of Italians were in vitro IgE positive to Man e5. Cross-inhibition assays suggest a possible involvement of this allergen in the latex-fruit syndrome. CONCLUSION Man e5, the first purified allergen from manioc demonstrates IgE cross-reactivity with Hev b 5. Data suggest Hev b 5 might act as primary sensitizer and could therefore lead to allergic manifestations upon manioc consumption without prior exposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keity Souza Santos
- Laboratory of Clinical Immunology and Allergy-LIM60, Division of Clinical Immunology and Allergy, Department of Medicine, University of São Paulo School of Medicine, FMUSP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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Abstract
Natural rubber latex represents a potent allergen, which for many years had an important impact on occupational health problems but especially on certain risk groups such as spina bifida. Luckily, these problems decreased when powder-free, latex-poor gloves were introduced. Latest data show that in children with spina bifida, who grew up completely latex-free from birth on, sensitization to NRL as well as clinical relevant allergy significantly decreased. Furthermore, sensitization to aeroallergens also went down and even the prevalence of allergic diseases decreased significantly to rates of the general population. This new data clearly indicates that potent allergens (such as latex) in high-risk groups (such as spina bifida) can induce sensitization spreading, and corresponding avoidance can reverse this development. In conclusion, it can be stated that 'new' allergies can suddenly arise, there are allergen-specific risk groups, local IgE-production is also possible in the CNS, allergen avoidance can be very effective in terms of primary prevention, sensitization spreading can be made reversible by effective prevention, and finally, certain allergies can luckily become history within a relatively short period of time. Furthermore, these new findings clearly end the debate about whether patients with spina bifida have a disease-inherited risk for allergy to NRL and show that the cause is the meningi and the multiple surgical interventions - and therefore sequelae can be reversed by implementing preventive measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodo Niggemann
- Pediatric Allergology and Pneumology, German Red Cross Clinic Westend, Berlin, Germany.
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Garrido S, García BE, Echechipía S, Sanz ML, Ariz S, Tabar AI. Anaphylaxis following the first ingestion of lychee fruit: clinical features and immunological cross-reactivity implications. Allergy 2007; 62:962-3. [PMID: 17484730 DOI: 10.1111/j.1398-9995.2007.01387.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Song JJ, Zhang HY, Liu ZG, Ran PX. Cloning of the panallergen profilin from lychee fruit and its cross-reactivity with birch pollen profilin Bet v 2. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2007. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100701616290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Hoppe S, Neidhart S, Zunker K, Hutasingh P, Carle R, Steinhart H, Paschke A. The influences of cultivar and thermal processing on the allergenic potency of lychees (Litchi chinensis SONN.). Food Chem 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2005.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hoppe S, Steinhart H, Paschke A. Identification of a 28 kDa lychee allergen as a triose-phosphate isomerase. FOOD AGR IMMUNOL 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/09540100500538307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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9
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Kimata H. Increased incidence of latex allergy in children with allergic diseases in Japan. Public Health 2005; 119:1145-9. [PMID: 16084541 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2005.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2004] [Revised: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/30/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of latex allergy is increasing in Japanese adults. However, the changing incidence of latex allergy in children with or without allergic diseases has not been reported in detail. After obtaining written informed consent from parents, Japanese children under 14 years of age were studied. In total, 776 non-atopic children, 802 children with allergic rhinitis (AR), 706 children with bronchial asthma (BA) and 844 children with atopic eczema/dermatitis syndrome (AEDS) were asked about symptoms of latex allergy, and tested by serum latex-specific IgE, skin prick test to latex allergen and latex-glove-wearing test between 2001 and 2003. All the patients were outpatients at Ujitakeda Hospital, while the non-atopic children were children of the staff of Ujitakeda Hospital or Unitika Ltd. This was a retrospective study. The incidence of latex allergy in 2001/2002/2003 was 1.4/3.1/4.7% in non-atopic children, 3.1/5.1/9.1% in AR patients, 3.6/6.5/10.3% in BA patients and 6.1/11.3/15.9% in AEDS patients, respectively. Moreover, although no cases of anaphylactic shock were noted in allergic patients in 2001, two and eight cases were noted in 2002 and 2003, respectively. These results indicate that the incidence of latex allergy is increasing in paediatric patients with allergic diseases. A latex-reduced environment may be desirable in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kimata
- Department of Paediatrics and Allergy, Ujitakeda Hospital, Kyoto Prefecture, Japan.
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Spök A, Gaugitsch H, Laffer S, Pauli G, Saito H, Sampson H, Sibanda E, Thomas W, van Hage M, Valenta R. Suggestions for the Assessment of the Allergenic Potential of Genetically Modified Organisms. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2005; 137:167-80. [PMID: 15947472 DOI: 10.1159/000086315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2005] [Accepted: 04/11/2005] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The prevalence of allergic diseases has been increasing continuously and, accordingly, there is a great desire to evaluate the allergenic potential of components in our daily environment (e.g., food). Although there is almost no scientific evidence that genetically modified organisms (GMOs) exhibit increased allergenicity compared with the corresponding wild type significant concerns have been raised regarding this matter. In principle, it is possible that the allergenic potential of GMOs may be increased due to the introduction of potential foreign allergens, to potentially upregulated expression of allergenic components caused by the modification of the wild type organism or to different means of exposure. According to the current practice, the proteins to be introduced into a GMO are evaluated for their physiochemical properties, sequence homology with known allergens and occasionally regarding their allergenic activity. We discuss why these current rules and procedures cannot predict or exclude the allergenicity of a given GMO with certainty. As an alternative we suggest to improve the current evaluation by an experimental comparison of the wild-type organism with the whole GMO regarding their potential to elicit reactions in allergic individuals and to induce de novo sensitizations. We also recommend that the suggested assessment procedures be equally applied to GMOs as well as to natural cultivars in order to establish effective measures for allergy prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armin Spök
- Inter-University Research Centre for Technology, Work, and Culture, Graz, Austria
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Piskin G, Akyol A, Uzar H, Tulek N, Boyvat A, Gurgey E. Comparative evaluation of Type 1 latex hypersensitivity in patients with chronic urticaria, rubber factory workers and healthy control subjects. Contact Dermatitis 2003; 48:266-71. [PMID: 12868968 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0536.2003.00112.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Latex hypersensitivity manifests itself most commonly with contact urticaria. In this study, we investigated the frequency of latex hypersensitivity as a possible aetiological factor in patients with chronic urticaria (CU) and compared latex hypersensitivity of CU patients (n = 50) with that of rubber factory workers (n = 50) and healthy controls (n = 50). Prick test with latex and fruit extracts and determination of latex-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) were performed. As a risk factor, contact dermatitis due to rubber additives was tested by patch test. Latex hypersensitivity was detected in 14% of CU patients, 12% of rubber factory workers and 12% of healthy controls (P > 0.05). Positive patch test with rubber additives was detected in 6% of CU and 4% of rubber factory workers. 3 of 7 CU patients had sensitivity to fruits in addition to latex hypersensitivity. In 1 patient with CU, the clinical complaints were found to be related to latex hypersensitivity. These findings suggest that the frequency of latex hypersensitivity in CU patients is no higher than that in healthy individuals. However, CU patients should be carefully asked about latex allergy, as we demonstrated that 1 of the CU patients had undiagnosed symptomatic latex allergy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gamze Piskin
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey.
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