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Lee JS, Son K, Hwang SM, Son YT, Kim YG, Suh JY, Hwang JH, Kwon SM, Lee JH, Kim HD, Lee KB, Lee JM. Effect of Electrocautery and Laser Treatment on the Composition and Morphology of Surface-Modified Titanium Implants. Bioengineering (Basel) 2023; 10:1251. [PMID: 38002374 PMCID: PMC10669704 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering10111251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different peri-implantitis treatment methods (Er,Cr:YSGG laser, diode laser, and electrocautery) on various titanium implant surfaces: machined; sandblasted, large-grit, and acid-etched; and femtosecond laser-treated surfaces. Grade 4 titanium (Ti) disks, with a diameter of 10 mm and a thickness of 1 mm, were fabricated and treated using the aforementioned techniques. Subsequently, each treated group of disks underwent different peri-implantitis treatment methods: Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Biolase, Inc., Foothill Ranch, CA, USA), diode laser (Biolase, Inc., Foothill Ranch, CA, USA), and electrocautery (Ellman, Hicksville, NY, USA). Scanning electron microscopy, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and wettability were used to characterize the chemical compositions and surfaces of the treated titanium surfaces. Significant changes in surface roughness were observed in both the electrocautery (Sa value of machined surface = 0.469, SLA surface = 1.569, femtosecond laser surface = 1.741, and p = 0.025) and Er,Cr:YSGG laser (Ra value of machined surface = 1.034, SLA surface = 1.380, femtosecond laser surface = 1.437, and p = 0.025) groups. On femtosecond laser-treated titanium implant surfaces, all three treatment methods significantly reduced the surface contact angle (control = 82.2°, diode laser = 74.3°, Er,Cr:YSGG laser = 73.8°, electrocautery = 76.2°, and p = 0.039). Overall, Er,Cr:YSGG laser and electrocautery treatments significantly altered the surface roughness of titanium implant surfaces. As a result of surface composition after different peri-implantitis treatment methods, relative to the diode laser and electrocautery, the Er,Cr:YSGG laser increased oxygen concentration. The most dramatic change was observed after Er:Cr;YSGG laser treatment, urging caution for clinical applications. Changes in surface composition and wettability were observed but were not statistically significant. Further research is needed to understand the biological implications of these peri-implantitis treatment methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Seok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.L.); (S.-M.H.); (Y.-G.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Keunbada Son
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute (A3DI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (Y.-T.S.)
| | - Sung-Min Hwang
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.L.); (S.-M.H.); (Y.-G.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Young-Tak Son
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute (A3DI), Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (K.S.); (Y.-T.S.)
- Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Yong-Gun Kim
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.L.); (S.-M.H.); (Y.-G.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Jo-Young Suh
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.L.); (S.-M.H.); (Y.-G.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
| | - Jun Ho Hwang
- Institute of Advanced Convergence Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (S.-M.K.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Sung-Min Kwon
- Institute of Advanced Convergence Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (S.-M.K.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Jong Hoon Lee
- Institute of Advanced Convergence Technology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea; (J.H.H.); (S.-M.K.); (J.H.L.)
| | - Hyun Deok Kim
- School of Electronics Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Kyu-Bok Lee
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Mok Lee
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41940, Republic of Korea; (J.-S.L.); (S.-M.H.); (Y.-G.K.); (J.-Y.S.)
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Wawrzyk A, Rahnama M, Sofińska-Chmiel W, Wilczyński S, Gutarowska B, Konka A, Zeljas D, Łobacz M. Analysis of the Microbiome on the Surface of Corroded Titanium Dental Implants in Patients with Periimplantitis and Diode Laser Irradiation as an Aid in the Implant Prosthetic Treatment: An Ex Vivo Study. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 15:5890. [PMID: 36079272 PMCID: PMC9456760 DOI: 10.3390/ma15175890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The paper presents the optimization of diode laser irradiation of corroded dental implants in order to reduce the number of microorganisms associated peri-implantitis. The research included the identification of microorganisms on the surface of removed dental implants in patients with peri-implantitis and the assessment of the biocidal effectiveness of the diode laser against these microorganisms. Laser desorption/mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) was used to identify microorganisms and metagens were examined by next generation sequencing (NGS). Irradiation was performed with a diode laser with a wavelength of λ = 810, operating mode: 25 W/15.000 Hz/10 μs, average = 3.84 W with the number of repetitions t = 2 × 15 s and t = 3 × 15 s. The structure and surface roughness of the implants were analysed before and after laser irradiation by optical profilometry and optical microscopy with confocal fixation. In total, 16 species of Gram-positive bacteria and 23 species of Gram-negative bacteria were identified on the surface of the implants. A total of 25 species of anaerobic bacteria and 12 species with corrosive potential were detected. After diode laser irradiation, the reduction in bacteria on the implants ranged from 88.85% to 100%, and the reduction in fungi from 87.75% to 96.77%. The reduction in microorganisms in the abutment was greater than in the endosseous fixture. The applied laser doses did not damage, but only cleaned the surface of the titanium implants. After 8 years of embedding, the removed titanium implant showed greater roughness than the 25-year-old implant, which was not exposed to direct influence of the oral cavity environment. The use of a diode laser in an optimised irradiation dose safely reduces the number of microorganisms identified on corroded dental implants in patients with peri-implantitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Wawrzyk
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia in Zabrze, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 10C Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Mansur Rahnama
- Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Weronika Sofińska-Chmiel
- Analytical Laboratory, Institute of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Chemistry, Maria Curie Skłodowska University, Maria Curie Skłodowska Sq. 2, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Sławomir Wilczyński
- Department of Basic Biomedical Science, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences in Sosnowiec, Medical University of Silesia, Kasztanowa 3, 41-205 Sosnowiec, Poland
| | - Beata Gutarowska
- Department of Environmental Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology and Food Sciences, Lodz University of Technology, Wólczańska 171/173, 90-530 Lodz, Poland
| | - Adam Konka
- Silesian Park of Medical Technology Kardio-Med Silesia in Zabrze, M. Curie Skłodowskiej 10C Str., 41-800 Zabrze, Poland
| | - Dagmara Zeljas
- Faculty of Drilling, Oil & Gas, AGH University of Science and Technology, Al. Mickiewicza 30, 30-059 Krakow, Poland
| | - Michał Łobacz
- Chair and Department of Oral Surgery, Medical University of Lublin, Chodźki 6, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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Relevant Aspects of Titanium and Zirconia Dental Implants for Their Fatigue and Osseointegration Behaviors. MATERIALS 2022; 15:ma15114036. [PMID: 35683331 PMCID: PMC9182570 DOI: 10.3390/ma15114036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Osseointegration capacity and good mechanical behavior are key to the success of the dental implant. In many investigations, comparisons of properties are made using different dental implant designs and therefore the results can be influenced by the macrodesign of the dental implant. In this work, studies were carried out with the same dental implant model using different roughness and different materials—commercially pure titanium (grade 4) and zirconia. For this purpose, 80 smooth passivated titanium (Ti), 80 smooth zirconia (ZrO2), and 80 rough passivated titanium (Ti-R) dental implants were used. The samples were characterized by their roughness, wettability, surface energy, residual stresses, and fatigue behavior. The implants were implanted in minipigs for 4 and 12 weeks. The animals were sacrificed, and histological studies were carried out to determine the osseointegration parameters for each of the implantation times. Ti and ZrO2 dental implants have very similar wettability and surface energy properties. However, the roughness causes a decrease in the hydrophilic character and a decrease of the total surface energy and especially the dispersive component, while the polar component is higher. Due to the compressive residual stresses of alumina sandblasting, the rough dental implant has the best fatigue behavior, followed by Ti and due to the lack of toughness and rapid crack propagation the ZrO2 implants have the worst fatigue behavior. The bone index contact (BIC) values for 4 weeks were around 25% for Ti, 32% for ZrO2, and 45% for Ti-R. After 12 weeks the Ti dental implants increased to 42%, for Ti, 43% for ZrO2, and an important increase to 76% was observed for Ti-R implants. In vivo results showed that the key factor that improves osseointegration is roughness. There was no significant difference between ZrO2 and Ti implants without sandblasting.
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Nguyen TTH, Eo MY, Seo MH, Kim SM. Analysis of acute sinusitis-related early failed implant surface: a combined histological, electron microscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy approach. Maxillofac Plast Reconstr Surg 2022; 44:18. [PMID: 35469096 PMCID: PMC9038979 DOI: 10.1186/s40902-022-00346-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Even though dental implants are a reliable choice for dental rehabilitation, implant failures due to various etiologies have been reported. Early implant failures account for 2 to 6% of installed implants and are reported to have a higher rate than late failures, regardless of loading time. We herein report three cases of acute sinusitis and early implant failure with implants that failed within 1 month after installation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the surface properties of early failed implants and peri-implant tissue to determine the early osseointegration pattern in acute sinusitis-related failed implants as well as the possible role of surface contamination in the failure of osseointegration.
Results
A combined histological, electron microscopy, and X-ray spectroscopy approach was used to characterize the surface of non-osseointegrated titanium implants and the surrounding biological tissues. Morphologic scanning electron microscopy revealed a heterogeneous surface and irregular osseointegration. The implant surface was covered mostly by carbon- and oxygen-rich organic matter. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy surface analysis of three implants showed the incorporation of some contaminants in both the upper and apical regions. Carbon, nitrogen, sodium, silicon, chlorine, sulfur, gold, and zirconium were detected on the surface of one or more failed implants. Fibrosis, lymphocytic, and macrophage infiltrates and a high activation of osteoclasts surrounding the bone graft particles were detected in the surrounding tissues.
Conclusions
The etiology and mechanism of early implant failure, especially in sinus-related cases, as well as the proper management interventions to minimize the rate of early implant failures, are of great concern. No matter how confident and accurate the surgeon’s operation, there may be unknown errors in the whole procedure that no one knows about. Rather than errors related to the implant surface, it is expected that there were invisible problems during the evaluation of the patient’s own unique sinus mucosal inflammation or the operator’s own procedure. Furthermore, well-designed researches are necessary to reveal the effect of material-related factors on acute sinus complication and early implant failure.
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Ma X, Gao Y, Zhao D, Zhang W, Zhao W, Wu M, Cui Y, Li Q, Zhang Z, Ma C. Titanium Implants and Local Drug Delivery Systems Become Mutual Promoters in Orthopedic Clinics. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 12:47. [PMID: 35009997 PMCID: PMC8746425 DOI: 10.3390/nano12010047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 12/18/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Titanium implants have always been regarded as one of the gold standard treatments for orthopedic applications, but they still face challenges such as pain, bacterial infections, insufficient osseointegration, immune rejection, and difficulty in personalizing treatment in the clinic. These challenges may lead to the patients having to undergo a painful second operation, along with increased economic burden, but the use of drugs is actively solving these problems. The use of systemic drug delivery systems through oral, intravenous, and intramuscular injection of various drugs with different pharmacological properties has effectively reduced the levels of inflammation, lowered the risk of endophytic bacterial infection, and regulated the progress of bone tumor cells, processing and regulating the balance of bone metabolism around the titanium implants. However, due to the limitations of systemic drug delivery systems-such as pharmacokinetics, and the characteristics of bone tissue in the event of different forms of trauma or disease-sometimes the expected effect cannot be achieved. Meanwhile, titanium implants loaded with drugs for local administration have gradually attracted the attention of many researchers. This article reviews the latest developments in local drug delivery systems in recent years, detailing how various types of drugs cooperate with titanium implants to enhance antibacterial, antitumor, and osseointegration effects. Additionally, we summarize the improved technology of titanium implants for drug loading and the control of drug release, along with molecular mechanisms of bone regeneration and vascularization. Finally, we lay out some future prospects in this field.
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Guler B, Uraz A, Hatipoğlu H, Yalım M. Chemical Evaluation of Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectroscopy Analysis of Different Failing Dental Implant Surfaces: A Comparative Clinical Trial. MATERIALS 2021; 14:ma14040986. [PMID: 33669886 PMCID: PMC7923284 DOI: 10.3390/ma14040986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study is to compare two different implant surface chemistries of failing dental implants. Sixteen patients (mean age: 52 ± 8.27 with eight females and eight males) and 34 implants were included in the study. Group-I implants consisted of a blasted/etched surface with a final process surface, while Group-II implants consisted of the sandblasted acid etching (SLA) method. The chemical surface analysis was performed by the energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) method from coronal, middle, and apical parts of each implant. Titanium (Ti) element values were found to be 20.22 ± 15.7 at.% in Group I and 33.96 ± 13.62 at.% in Group-II in the middle of the dental implants. Aluminum (Al) element values were found to be 0.01 ± 0.002 in Group-I and 0.17 ± 0.28 at.% in Group II in the middle of the dental implants, and statistically significant differences were found between the groups for the Al and Ti elements in the middle of the dental implants (p < 0.05). There was a statistically significant difference for the Ti, Al, O, Ca, Fe, P, and Mg elements in the coronal, middle, and apical parts of the implants in the intragroup evaluation (p < 0.05). It is reported that different parts of the implants affected by peri-implant inflammation show different surface chemistries, from coronal to apical, but there is no difference in the implants with different surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berceste Guler
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya 43100, Turkey;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ahu Uraz
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey; (A.U.); (M.Y.)
| | - Hasan Hatipoğlu
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Kütahya Health Sciences University, Kütahya 43100, Turkey;
| | - Mehmet Yalım
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Gazi University, Ankara 06500, Turkey; (A.U.); (M.Y.)
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Physical characterization of 3 implant systems made of distinct materials with distinct surfaces. J Prosthet Dent 2021; 128:63-72. [PMID: 33546854 DOI: 10.1016/j.prosdent.2020.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM Dental implants undergo various surface treatments. Studies that have characterized their surface and subsurface by using the same methods are scarce. PURPOSE The purpose of this study is to physically characterize the surface and subsurface of implant systems made of commercially pure (cp) titanium (Ti) grade (gr) 4 and Ti alloy gr 23 and to evaluate whether airborne-particle abrasion and acid etching is an appropriate surface treatment for Ti alloy gr 23. MATERIAL AND METHODS Implant groups (n=3) were as follows: TG4AO, cp Ti gr 4, treated with anodic oxidation (3.5×8 mm) (NobelReplace Conical; Nobel Biocare); TG23AE, Ti gr 23 (TiAlV ELI) airborne-particle abraded-and-etched (3.9×8 mm) (V3; MIS); and TG4AE, cp Ti gr 4, airborne-particle abraded and etched (3.3×8 mm) (BL; Institut Straumann AG). Surface roughness, surface topography, and elemental and surface composition were investigated with optical profilometry, scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, and X-ray diffraction. The presence and size of Ti hydride (TiH) needles were determined on metallographic sections. Depth profiling was obtained by time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF-SIMS) to determine possible enrichment of an alloying element at the implant surface. RESULTS The mean arithmetic deviation roughness (Sa), of TG4AO was 0.80 μm. The Sa of TG4AO was 1.22 μm, and the Sa of TG4AO was 1.59 μm. The difference between the groups was significant (P<.001). TG23AE and TG4AE displayed a macrotexture and microtexture with pores; TG4AO showed a 3-to 12-μm canyon-like structure. The surface and subsurface compositions were as follows: for TG4AO, αTi and phosphorus-rich anatase; for TG23AE, α-Ti matrix with β-Ti grains; and for TG4AE, α-Ti and δ-TiH2-x. TiH needles were found only on TG4AE; the Ti oxide layer of TG4AO was rough, 3-to 16-μm thick, and porous. The time-of-flight secondary ion mass spectrometry (ToF SIMS) concentration profile of TG23AE did not show enrichment of any alloying element. CONCLUSIONS The roughness, topography, and composition of the surfaces were different for all implants tested. Airborne-particle abrasion and subsequent etching was an appropriate treatment for Ti gr 23 alloy implants.
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Scarano A, Postiglione F, Khater AGA, Al-Hamed FS, Lorusso F. A Novel Technique to Increase the Thickness of TiO₂ of Dental Implants by Nd: DPSS Q-sw Laser Treatment. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 13:ma13184178. [PMID: 32962189 PMCID: PMC7560357 DOI: 10.3390/ma13184178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
High bone-implant contact is a crucial factor in the achievement of osseointegration and long time clinical success of dental implants. Micro, nano, microtopography, and oxide layer of dental implants influence tissue response. The lasers were used for achieving an implant surface with homogeneous micro texturing and uncontaminated surface. The present study aimed to characterize the implant surfaces treated by Nd: DPSS Q-sw Laser treatment compared to machined implants. A total of 10 machined implants and 10 lasered surface implants were evaluated in this study. The implant surfaces were evaluated by X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS), Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES), and metallography to characterize and measure the thickness of the oxide layer on the implant titanium surface. The machined surfaces showed a non-homogeneous oxide layer ranging between 20 and 30 nm. The lasered implant surfaces showed a homogeneous oxide layer ranging between 400 nm and 460 nm in the area of the laser holes, while outside the layer, thickness ranged between 200 nm and 400 nm without microcracks or evidence of damage. Another exciting result after this laser treatment is a topographically controlled, repeatable, homogeneous, and clean surface. This technique can obtain the implant surface without leaving residues of foreign substances on it. The study results indicate that the use of Nd: DPSS Q-sw laser produces a predictable and reproducible treatment able to improve the titanium oxide layer on the dental implant surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSi-MeT, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Francesca Postiglione
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CasT, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
| | - Ahmad G. A. Khater
- Faculty of Oral and Dental Medicine, Ahram Canadian University, Giza 12511, Egypt;
| | | | - Felice Lorusso
- Department of Medical, Oral and Biotechnological Sciences and CeSi-MeT, University of Chieti-Pescara, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy;
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Wilson JP, Johnson TM. Frequency of adequate mesiodistal space and faciolingual alveolar width for implant placement at anterior tooth positions. J Am Dent Assoc 2019; 150:779-787. [PMID: 31439205 DOI: 10.1016/j.adaj.2019.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 05/02/2019] [Accepted: 05/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Prior studies have defined minimum mesiodistal space (MS) and faciolingual alveolar width (FAW) requirements for dental implant sites, and failure to observe these constraints may adversely impact peri-implant health and esthetics. However, to the authors' knowledge, no previous reports have established frequencies at which anterior tooth positions present favorable MS and FAW for implant accommodation. METHODS A single examiner analyzed 205 cone-beam computed tomographic images, recording MS and FAW available for implant placement at anterior tooth positions. The examiner compared measurements with standardized implant diameters to assess anticipated implant-to-tooth distances and peri-implant bone thicknesses. RESULTS In the esthetic zone, lateral incisor sites most frequently failed to present favorable MS. At maxillary lateral incisor positions, 22% (left) and 27% (right) of sites offered less than 2 millimeters between the proposed implant platform and the adjacent teeth. In mandibular incisor positions, implant-to-tooth distance was less than 2 mm at 79% through 97% of sites and less than 1.5 mm at 35% through 76% of sites. Over one-half of maxillary incisor sites and 78% through 95% of mandibular incisor sites exhibited FAW of less than 4 mm beyond implant diameter. CONCLUSIONS In the population evaluated, mandibular incisor positions frequently presented unfavorable MS to accommodate conventional narrow-diameter implants. In addition, considerable proportions of mandibular incisor and maxillary lateral incisor sites may be at risk of developing unfavorable peri-implant bone thickness when conventional narrow-diameter implants are used. PRACTICAL IMPLICATIONS Practitioners should consider small-diameter implants and nonimplant tooth replacement methods for many patients missing single mandibular incisors or maxillary lateral incisors.
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Guo Y, Wu J, Xie K, Tan J, Yang Y, Zhao S, Wang L, Jiang W, Hao Y. Study of Bone Regeneration and Osteointegration Effect of a Novel Selective Laser-Melted Titanium-Tantalum-Niobium-Zirconium Alloy Scaffold. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2019; 5:6463-6473. [DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.9b00909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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Ma M, Qi M, Zhang D, Liu H. The Clinical Performance of Narrow Diameter Implants Versus Regular Diameter Implants: A Meta-Analysis. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2019; 45:503-508. [PMID: 31536434 DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-19-00025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study is to analyze 1- and 3-year clinical performances of narrow diameter implants (NDIs) versus regular diameter implants (RDIs). A search of electronic databases and a manual search was performed for the time period January 2000 to April 2018. A meta-regression was used to evaluate the effects of the "fixed effects" model on the implant survival rates, prosthesis success rates and marginal bone loss (MBL) with follow-up time of 1 year and 3 years. Of the 11 studies included, the overall combined 1-year implant survival rates were 98.14% for NDIs and 98.20% for RDIs. The overall combined 3-year implant survival rates were 98.71% for NDIs and 98.84% for RDIs. The corresponding values for 1-year prosthesis success rates were 96.94% for NDIs and 99.25% for RDIs. The corresponding values for 3-year prosthesis success rates were 89.25% for NDIs and 96.55% for RDIs. The meta-regression showed no significant differences between NDIs and RDIs regarding implant survival rates, prosthesis success rates, and MBL in 1-year and 3-year follow-up (P > .05). The results of this meta-analysis concluded that the implant diameter did not affect its survival rates, prosthesis success rates, and MBL in 1 and 3 years. The use of NDIs instead of bone augmentation procedures with RDIs did not affect its survival rates, prosthesis success rates, and MBL in the short-term and middle-term. However, more high-quality randomized controlled trials and long follow-up studies are needed on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng Ma
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China.,Institute of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Mengxing Qi
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Dongsheng Zhang
- Department of Stomatology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Hongchen Liu
- Institute of Stomatology, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Dias-Netipanyj MF, Cowden K, Sopchenski L, Cogo SC, Elifio-Esposito S, Popat KC, Soares P. Effect of crystalline phases of titania nanotube arrays on adipose derived stem cell adhesion and proliferation. MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2019; 103:109850. [PMID: 31349471 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2019.109850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2017] [Revised: 11/28/2018] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was to evaluate the cellular response to titanium nanotube arrays with variable crystalline structure. Cytotoxicity, viability and the ability of the titania nanotube arrays to stimulate adhesion and proliferation of adipose derived stem cells (ADSCs) was evaluated. Titania nanotube arrays were fabricated by electrochemical anodization of titanium in diethyleneglycol/hydrofluoric acid electrolyte at 60 V for 6 h, then annealed at 300, 530 and 630 °C for 5 h. The nanotube arrays were characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM), contact angle goniometry, x-ray diffraction (XRD) and protein adsorption. ADSCs were cultured on titania nanotube arrays at a density of 1 × 104 cells/ml. The cells were allowed to adhere and to proliferate for 1, 4 and 7 days. Cell viability was characterized by the CellTiter-Blue® Cell Viability Assay; and cell morphology was characterized by SEM. Cell adhesion, proliferation and morphology were characterized using fluorescence microscopy by staining the cells with DAPI and rhodamine/phalloidin. The results from this study showed that the annealing at 300 and 530 °C formed anatase phase, and annealing at 630 °C formed anatase/rutile phase. The results indicated that the modification of the crystalline structure (i.e. anatase/rutile phase) of titania nanotube arrays influenced the ADSC adhesion and proliferation. Future studies are now directed towards evaluating differentiation of this cellular model in osteoblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcela Ferreira Dias-Netipanyj
- Graduate Program in Health Science, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Kari Cowden
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA
| | - Luciane Sopchenski
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Sheron Campos Cogo
- Department of Biological Sciences, School of Health and Biosciences, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Selene Elifio-Esposito
- Graduate Program in Health Science, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil
| | - Ketul C Popat
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA; School of Biomedical Engineering, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
| | - Paulo Soares
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Polytechnic School, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná, Curitiba, Paraná, Brazil.
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Souza FÁ, Furtado TSM, Dayube URC, Melo WM, Nishioka RS, Poli PP, Maiorana C, de Carvalho PSP. Comparative in vivo study of alloy titanium implants with two different surfaces: biomechanical and SEM analysis. Clin Oral Investig 2019; 23:4383-4397. [PMID: 30972600 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-019-02872-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to evaluate the biomechanical behavior of the interface formed between bone and implants with machined surfaces (MS) and those modified by Al2O3 sandblasting and acid etching (SBAS). MATERIALS AND METHODS Before surgery, topographic characterization was performed by SEM-EDX and by mean roughness measurements. Ten Albinus rabbits received randomly 20 Ti-6Al-4V implants on its right and left tibiae, with one implant placed in each tibia. After implant insertion, the implant stability quotient (ISQ) was measured by means of resonance frequency analysis (RFA). After 3 and 6 weeks, the ISQ was again measured, followed by torque removal measurements. Analysis of variance and Tukey tests were used to analyze the data. The surface of the implants removed was evaluated by SEM-EDX. Immunohistochemical analysis of osteopontin (OPN) and osteocalcin (OC) protein was performed in bone tissue. RESULTS The topographic characterization showed differences between the analyzed surfaces, and the mean roughness values of SBAS group were statistically higher than MS. Overall, higher statistically significant ISQ values were observed in the SBAS group compared to the MS group (p = 0.012). The intra-group comparison of ISQ values in the SBAS group showed statistically significant differences between 0 and 3 weeks (p = 0.032) and 0 and 6 weeks (p = 0.003). The torque removal measurements of group SBAS were statistically higher when compared with the torque removal measurements of group MS in the time intervals of 3 weeks (p = 0.002) and 6 weeks (p < 0.001). SEM-EDX of the implant surfaces removed in SBAS group showed greater bone tissue covering and mean values atomic in percentage of Ca, P, and O statistically superior (p < 0.05) than MS group. Immunohistochemical reactions showed intense OC immunolabeling at 6 weeks postoperative for SBAS group. CONCLUSIONS The topographical modifications made in group SBAS allowed a better mechanical interlocking between the implant and bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisley Ávila Souza
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Thayane Silveira Mata Furtado
- Implant Dentistry Postgraduate Program, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Ulisses Ribeiro Campos Dayube
- Implant Dentistry Postgraduate Program, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
| | - Willian Moraes Melo
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Renato Sussumu Nishioka
- Department of Materials Dental and Prosthesis, São José dos Campos Dental of School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pier Paolo Poli
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Carlo Maiorana
- Implant Center for Edentulism and Jawbone Atrophies, Maxillofacial Surgery and Odontostomatology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda Maggiore Policlinico Hospital, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Paulo Sérgio Perri de Carvalho
- Department of Surgery and Integrated Clinic, Araçatuba Dental School, São Paulo State University Júlio de Mesquita Filho, São Paulo, Brazil.,Implant Dentistry Postgraduate Program, São Leopoldo Mandic School of Dentistry and Research Center, Campinas, Brazil
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Park EY, Sohn HO, Kim EK. Comparison of the removal torque and a histomorphometric evaluation of the RBM treated implants with the RBM followed by laser treated implants: an experimental study in rabbits. Yeungnam Univ J Med 2019; 36:43-49. [PMID: 31620611 PMCID: PMC6784622 DOI: 10.12701/yujm.2019.00094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/31/2018] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Methods Results Conclusion
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun Young Park
- Department of Dentistry, Yeungnam University College of Medicine, Daegu, Korea
| | - Hae Ok Sohn
- Department of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, Korea
| | - Eun-Kyong Kim
- Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, Sangju, Korea
- Corresponding author: Eun-Kyong Kim, Department of Dental Hygiene, College of Science & Technology, Kyungpook National University, 2559, Gyeongsang-daero, Sangju 37224, Korea Tel: +82-54-530-1423, Fax: +82-54-530-1429, E-mail:
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Guo Y, Xie K, Jiang W, Wang L, Li G, Zhao S, Wu W, Hao Y. In Vitro and in Vivo Study of 3D-Printed Porous Tantalum Scaffolds for Repairing Bone Defects. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2018; 5:1123-1133. [PMID: 33405802 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.8b01094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Guo
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China
| | - Kai Xie
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China
| | - Wenbo Jiang
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China
| | - Guoyuan Li
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, 230001 Hefei, China
| | - Shuang Zhao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China
| | - Wen Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China
| | - Yongqiang Hao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Implants, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China
- Clinical and Translational Research Center for 3D Printing Technology, Shanghai Ninth People’s Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, 200011 Shanghai, China
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Influence of the Thermal Treatment to Address a Better Osseointegration of Ti6Al4V Dental Implants: Histological and Histomorphometrical Study in a Rabbit Model. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2018; 2018:2349698. [PMID: 30050922 PMCID: PMC6040305 DOI: 10.1155/2018/2349698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Background Pure titanium continues to be the first choice for dental implants and represents the gold standard for their biocompatibility and physical and mechanical characteristics, while the titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) has good mechanical properties. The surface structure of the titanium oxide layer formation on the surface influences and improves the bone response around dental implants. Purpose The purpose of this study is to evaluate the influence of a thermal treatment of Ti6Al4V implant surfaces and the bone healing response in a rabbit model. Methods Altogether sixteen implants with same design were inserted into the distal femoral metaphysis. A screw (13 mm long, 4 mm in diameter) was inserted in an implant bed. Each rabbit received two implants, one in the left femur and one in the right femur. The samples were histologically and histomorphometrically evaluated at 8 weeks. Results A statistically significant difference (p = 0.000034) was present histologically in the percentages of bone-implant contact (BIC) between the test group (BIC = 69.25±4.49%.) and control group (BIC = 56.25 ± 4.8%) by one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA). Significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Conclusions The outcome of the present study indicates a novel approach to improving bone healing around titanium implants.
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Bosshardt DD, Chappuis V, Buser D. Osseointegration of titanium, titanium alloy and zirconia dental implants: current knowledge and open questions. Periodontol 2000 2018; 73:22-40. [PMID: 28000277 DOI: 10.1111/prd.12179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Bone healing around dental implants follows the pattern and sequence of intramembraneous osteogenesis with formation of woven bone first of all followed later by formation of parallel-fibered and lamellar bone. Bone apposition onto the implant surface starts earlier in trabecular bone than in compact bone. While the first new bone may be found on the implant surface around 1 week after installation, bone remodeling starts at between 6 and 12 weeks and continues throughout life. Bone remodeling also involves the bone-implant interface, thus transiently exposing portions of the implant surface. Surface modifications creating micro-rough implant surfaces accelerate the osseointegration process of titanium implants, as demonstrated in numerous animal experiments. Sandblasting followed by acid-etching may currently be regarded as the gold standard technique to create micro-rough surfaces. Chemical surface modifications, resulting in higher hydrophilicity, further increase the speed of osseointegration of titanium and titanium-zirconium implants in both animals and humans. Surface modifications of zirconia and alumina-toughened zirconia implants also have an influence on the speed of osseointegration, and some implant types reach high bone-to-implant contact values in animals. Although often discussed independently of each other, surface characteristics, such as topography and chemistry, are virtually inseparable. Contemporary, well-documented implant systems with micro-rough implant surfaces, placed by properly trained and experienced clinicians, demonstrate high long-term survival rates. Nevertheless, implant failures do occur. A low percentage of implants are diagnosed with peri-implantitis after 10 years in function. In addition, a low number of implants seem to be lost for primarily reasons other than biofilm-induced infection. Patient factors, such as medications interfering with the immune system and bone cells, may be an element contributing to continuous bone loss and should therefore be monitored and studied in greater detail.
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Mechanical Characterisation and Biomechanical and Biological Behaviours of Ti-Zr Binary-Alloy Dental Implants. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2017; 2017:2785863. [PMID: 29318142 PMCID: PMC5727844 DOI: 10.1155/2017/2785863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to characterise the mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr binary alloy dental implants and to describe their biomechanical behaviour as well as their osseointegration capacity compared with the conventional Ti-6Al-4V (TAV) alloy implants. The mechanical properties of Ti-15Zr binary alloy were characterised using Roxolid© implants (Straumann, Basel, Switzerland) via ultrasound. Their biomechanical behaviour was described via finite element analysis. Their osseointegration capacity was compared via an in vivo study performed on 12 adult rabbits. Young's modulus of the Roxolid© implant was around 103 GPa, and the Poisson coefficient was around 0.33. There were no significant differences in terms of Von Mises stress values at the implant and bone level between both alloys. Regarding deformation, the highest value was observed for Ti-15Zr implant, and the lowest value was observed for the cortical bone surrounding TAV implant, with no deformation differences at the bone level between both alloys. Histological analysis of the implants inserted in rabbits demonstrated higher BIC percentage for Ti-15Zr implants at 3 and 6 weeks. Ti-15Zr alloy showed elastic properties and biomechanical behaviours similar to TAV alloy, although Ti-15Zr implant had a greater BIC percentage after 3 and 6 weeks of osseointegration.
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Iegami CM, Uehara PN, Sesma N, Pannuti CM, Tortamano Neto P, Mukai MK. Survival rate of titanium-zirconium narrow diameter dental implants versus commercially pure titanium narrow diameter dental implants: A systematic review. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2017; 19:1015-1022. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2017] [Revised: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carolina Mayumi Iegami
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - Newton Sesma
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | | | - Pedro Tortamano Neto
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo; Brazil
| | - Márcio Katsuyoshi Mukai
- Department of Prosthodontics; University of Sao Paulo, School of Dentistry, Sao Paulo; Brazil
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Histomorphological and Histomorphometric Analyses of Grade IV Commercially Pure Titanium and Grade V Ti-6Al-4V Titanium Alloy Implant Substrates: An In Vivo Study in Dogs. IMPLANT DENT 2017; 25:650-5. [PMID: 27540838 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the bone response to grade IV commercially pure titanium (G4) relative to Ti-6Al-4V (G5). MATERIALS AND METHODS Implant surface topography was characterized by optical interferometry and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Thirty-six implants (Signo Vinces, n = 18 per group) were installed in the radius of 18 dogs. The animals were killed at 1, 3, and 6 weeks, resulting in 6 implants per group and time in vivo for bone morphology, bone-to-implant contact (BIC), and bone area fraction occupancy (BAFO) evaluation. RESULTS SEM depicted a more uniform topography of G4 than G5. Surfaces were statistically homogeneous for Sa, Sq, and Sdr. At 1 week, new bone formation was observed within the healing connective tissue in contact with the implant surface. At 3 weeks, new bone in direct contact with the implant surface was observed at all bone regions. At 6 weeks, the healing chambers filled with woven bone depicted an onset of replacement by lamellar bone. No significant effect of substrate was detected. Time presented an effect on BIC and BAFO (P < 0.001). CONCLUSION Both titanium substrates were biocompatible and osseoconductive at the bone tissue level.
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Velasco E, Monsalve-Guil L, Jimenez A, Ortiz I, Moreno-Muñoz J, Nuñez-Marquez E, Pegueroles M, Pérez RA, Gil FJ. Importance of the Roughness and Residual Stresses of Dental Implants on Fatigue and Osseointegration Behavior. In Vivo Study in Rabbits. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2016; 42:469-476. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-16-00088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
This study focuses on the fatigue behavior and bone-implant attachment for the more usual surfaces of the different CP-titanium dental implants. The implants studied were: as-received (CTR), acid etching (AE), spark-anodization (SA), and with a grit-blasted surface (GB). Residual stresses were determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The fatigue tests were carried out at 37°C on 160 dental implants, and the stress-failure (S-N) curve was determined. The fatigue tests showed that the grit-blasting process improved fatigue life. This is a consequence of the layer of compressive residual stresses that the treatment generates in titanium surfaces. Further, our aim was to assess and compare the short- and midterm bone regenerative potential and mechanical retention of the implants in bone of New Zealand rabbits. The mechanical retention after 4 and 10 weeks of implantation was evaluated with histometric and pull-out tests, respectively, as a measure of the osseointegration of the implants. The results demonstrated that the GB treatment produced microrough that accelerated bone tissue regeneration and increased mechanical retention in the bone bed at short periods of implantation in comparison with all other implants tested. The GB surface produced an improvement in mechanical long-time behavior and improved bone growth. These types of treated implants can have great potential in clinical applications, as evidenced by the outcomes of the current study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugenio Velasco
- Master de Implantología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Alvaro Jimenez
- Master de Implantología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Iván Ortiz
- Master de Implantología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | - Jesús Moreno-Muñoz
- Master de Implantología, Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Spain
| | | | - Marta Pegueroles
- Dept. Ciència dels Materials i Enginyería Metal.lúrgica, E.T.S. Enginyeria Industrial, Universitat Politècnica de Cataluña, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Román A. Pérez
- School of Dentistry, Universitat Internacional de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain
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Altuna P, Lucas-Taulé E, Gargallo-Albiol J, Figueras-Álvarez O, Hernández-Alfaro F, Nart J. Clinical evidence on titanium–zirconium dental implants: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2016; 45:842-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2016.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Lotz EM, Olivares-Navarrete R, Hyzy SL, Berner S, Schwartz Z, Boyan BD. Comparable responses of osteoblast lineage cells to microstructured hydrophilic titanium-zirconium and microstructured hydrophilic titanium. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:e51-e59. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ethan M. Lotz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Rene Olivares-Navarrete
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | - Sharon L. Hyzy
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
| | | | - Zvi Schwartz
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
- Department of Periodontics; University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio; San Antonio TX USA
| | - Barbara D. Boyan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; School of Engineering; Virginia Commonwealth University; Richmond VA USA
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering; Georgia Institute of Technology; Atlanta GA USA
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Zembic A, Tahmaseb A, Jung RE, Wismeijer D. One-year results of maxillary overdentures supported by 2 titanium-zirconium implants - implant survival rates and radiographic outcomes. Clin Oral Implants Res 2016; 28:e60-e67. [DOI: 10.1111/clr.12863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/11/2016] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anja Zembic
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry; Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Move Research Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Ali Tahmaseb
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry; Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Move Research Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Ronald E. Jung
- Clinic of Fixed and Removable Prosthodontics and Dental Material Science; University of Zurich; Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniel Wismeijer
- Department of Oral Implantology and Prosthetic Dentistry; Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Move Research Institute; Amsterdam The Netherlands
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Gil FJ, Espinar E, Llamas JM, Sevilla P. Fatigue life of bioactive titanium dental implants treated by means of grit-blasting and thermo-chemical treatment. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2016; 16:273-81. [PMID: 24766392 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2012.00468.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study focuses on the fatigue behavior of titanium dental implants as-received, with a grit-blasted surface and with a new bioactive surface treatment (2Steps). BACKGROUND The 2Step process consists of (1) an initial grit-blasting process to produce a micro-rough surface, followed by (2) a combined thermo-chemical treatment that produces a potentially bioactive surface, that is, that can form an apatitic layer when exposed to biomimetic conditions in vitro. The 2Step treatment produced micro-rough and apatitic coating implants. METHODS Residual stresses were determined by means of X-ray diffraction. The fatigue tests were carried out at 37°C on 500 dental implants, and the S-N curve was determined. The fatigue-crack nucleation for the different treatments was analyzed. RESULTS The fatigue tests show that the grit-blasting process improves the fatigue life. This is a consequence of the layer of compressive residual stresses that the treatment generates in titanium surfaces. Dental implants that had its surfaced prepared with the 2Step procedure (grit-blasting and thermo-chemical treatment) had its fatigue life decreased by 10% due to the incorporation of oxygen to the surface and the relaxation of the compressive residual stress produced by the heat treatment. CONCLUSIONS Thermo-chemical treatment is an excellent compromise between the improvement of bioactive and mechanical long-life behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Javier Gil
- Bioengineering Research Center (CREB), Department of Materials Science and Metalurgical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona, Spain; Facultad de Odontología, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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Shah FA, Trobos M, Thomsen P, Palmquist A. Commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) versus titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) materials as bone anchored implants - Is one truly better than the other? MATERIALS SCIENCE & ENGINEERING. C, MATERIALS FOR BIOLOGICAL APPLICATIONS 2016; 62:960-6. [PMID: 26952502 DOI: 10.1016/j.msec.2016.01.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Revised: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) and titanium alloys (typically Ti6Al4V) display excellent corrosion resistance and biocompatibility. Although the chemical composition and topography are considered important, the mechanical properties of the material and the loading conditions in the host have, conventionally, influenced material selection for different clinical applications: predominantly Ti6Al4V in orthopaedics while cp-Ti in dentistry. This paper attempts to address three important questions: (i) To what extent do the surface properties differ when cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V materials are manufactured with the same processing technique?, (ii) Does bone tissue respond differently to the two materials, and (iii) Do bacteria responsible for causing biomaterial-associated infections respond differently to the two materials? It is concluded that: (i) Machined cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V exhibit similar surface morphology, topography, phase composition and chemistry, (ii) Under experimental conditions, cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V demonstrate similar osseointegration and biomechanical anchorage, and (iii) Experiments in vitro fail to disclose differences between cp-Ti and Ti6Al4V to harbour Staphylococcus epidermidis growth. No clinical comparative studies exist which could determine if long-term, clinical differences exist between the two types of bulk materials. It is debatable whether cp-Ti or Ti6Al4V exhibit superiority over the other, and further comparative studies, particularly in a clinical setting, are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Furqan A Shah
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Margarita Trobos
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomsen
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden; BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Göteborg, Sweden
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Osseointegration of Titanium Implants in Onlay of Cerament™, a New Ceramic Bone Substitute. J Funct Biomater 2016; 7:jfb7010002. [PMID: 26751485 PMCID: PMC4810061 DOI: 10.3390/jfb7010002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 12/15/2015] [Accepted: 12/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose was to investigate whether a new biphasic and injectable ceramic bone substitute Cerament™ that rapidly remodels to bone, may contribute to the retention of titanium implant screws during the healing period, and to analyze the pattern of bone formation around titanium implants.Titanium screws were implanted in rat tibiae and embedded with or without Cerament™ on the cortical surface. Torsional resistance was measured after 1 day, and after 6 and 12 weeks. Implant areas without bone substitute were analyzed histologically for comparison. The torsional resistance increased over time as the screws were osseointegrated. There was no difference in resistance between screws embedded in the bone substitute and control screws. The bone apposition was more pronounced on the proximal side of the screw than on the distal side. Cerament™ is capable of conducting bone growth from a cortical bone surface. The newly formed bone in this application does not significantly add to the osseointegrative strength of the implant screw, as measured by torque resistance, during the first 12 weeks.
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Im JH, Kim SG, Oh JS, Lim SC. A Comparative Study of Stability After the Installation of 2 Different Surface Types of Implants in the Maxillae of Dogs. IMPLANT DENT 2015; 24:586-91. [PMID: 26076390 DOI: 10.1097/id.0000000000000292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study was performed to investigate the histologic and histomorphometric findings of 2 different types of implant. MATERIALS AND METHODS Resorbable blasting media (RBM) and sandblasted with larger grit and acid etched (SLA) surfaced implants (24 fixtures in each group) were installed in posterior maxilla of dogs. The initial stability was measured using Periotest (Periotest value [PTV]). After 6 or 12 weeks, fixtures with surrounding bone were harvested. RESULTS The average initial stability of the SLA group (-1.71 ± 2.9) was higher than that of the RBM group (-1.25 ± 3.21), but there was no significant difference. The mean PTV of the RBM surface was higher than the SLA surface at 12 weeks. The average bone-implant contacts were 67.6% ± 16.0% at 6 weeks and 82.7% ± 8.6% at 12 weeks in the SLA group and 69.9% ± 17.6% at 6 weeks and 78.3% ± 9.2% at 12 weeks in the RBM group. CONCLUSION The SLA and resorbable blasting media (RBM) surface implants demonstrated good stabilities and healing processes of the surrounding bone in the posterior maxilla. Therefore, the two domestic implants could provide predictable clinical results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jae-Hyung Im
- *Graduate Student, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. †Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. ‡Assistant Professor, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea. §Professor, Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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Chappuis V, Cavusoglu Y, Gruber R, Kuchler U, Buser D, Bosshardt DD. Osseointegration of Zirconia in the Presence of Multinucleated Giant Cells. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2015; 18:686-98. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Vivianne Chappuis
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Yeliz Cavusoglu
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Reinhard Gruber
- Laboratory of Oral Cell Biology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Ulrike Kuchler
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Daniel Buser
- Department of Oral Surgery and Stomatology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
| | - Dieter D Bosshardt
- Robert K. Schenk Laboratory of Oral Histology; School of Dental Medicine; University of Bern; Bern Switzerland
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Stenlund P, Omar O, Brohede U, Norgren S, Norlindh B, Johansson A, Lausmaa J, Thomsen P, Palmquist A. Bone response to a novel Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr alloy. Acta Biomater 2015; 20:165-175. [PMID: 25848727 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2015.03.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2014] [Revised: 02/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Commercially pure titanium (cp-Ti) is regarded as the state-of-the-art material for bone-anchored dental devices, whereas the mechanically stronger alloy (Ti-6Al-4V), made of titanium, aluminum (Al) and vanadium (V), is regarded as the material of choice for high-load applications. There is a call for the development of new alloys, not only to eliminate the potential toxic effect of Al and V but also to meet the challenges imposed on dental and maxillofacial reconstructive devices, for example. The present work evaluates a novel, dual-stage, acid-etched, Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr alloy implant, consisting of elements that create low toxicity, with the potential to promote osseointegration in vivo. The alloy implants (denoted Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr) were evaluated after 7 days and 28 days in a rat tibia model, with reference to commercially pure titanium grade 4 (denoted Ti). Analyses were performed with respect to removal torque, histomorphometry and gene expression. The Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr showed a significant increase in implant stability over time in contrast to the Ti. Further, the histological and gene expression analyses suggested faster healing around the Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr, as judged by the enhanced remodeling, and mineralization, of the early-formed woven bone and the multiple positive correlations between genes denoting inflammation, bone formation and remodeling. Based on the present experiments, it is concluded that the Ti-Ta-Nb-Zr alloy becomes osseointegrated to at least a similar degree to that of pure titanium implants. This alloy is therefore emerging as a novel implant material for clinical evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrik Stenlund
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Box 857, SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden.
| | - Omar Omar
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Sweden; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Ulrika Brohede
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Sweden; Sandvik Coromant R&D, SE-126 80 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Susanne Norgren
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Sweden; Sandvik Coromant R&D, SE-126 80 Stockholm, Sweden; Department of Engineering Sciences, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Sweden
| | - Birgitta Norlindh
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Sweden; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anna Johansson
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Sweden; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Jukka Lausmaa
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Sweden; Department of Chemistry, Materials and Surfaces, SP Technical Research Institute of Sweden, Box 857, SE-501 15 Borås, Sweden
| | - Peter Thomsen
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Sweden; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
| | - Anders Palmquist
- BIOMATCELL VINN Excellence Center of Biomaterials and Cell Therapy, Sweden; Department of Biomaterials, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Box 412, SE-405 30 Göteborg, Sweden
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Kang NS, Li LJ, Cho SA. Comparison of removal torques between laser-treated and SLA-treated implant surfaces in rabbit tibiae. J Adv Prosthodont 2014; 6:302-8. [PMID: 25177474 PMCID: PMC4146731 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2014.6.4.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to compare removal torques and surface topography between laser treated and sandblasted, large-grit, acid-etched (SLA) treated implants. MATERIALS AND METHODS Laser-treated implants (experimental group) and SLA-treated implants (control group) 8 mm in length and 3.4 mm in diameter were inserted into both sides of the tibiae of 12 rabbits. Surface analysis was accomplished using a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM; Hitachi S-4800; Japan) under ×25, ×150 and ×1,000 magnification. Surface components were analyzed using energy dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Rabbits were sacrificed after a 6-week healing period. The removal torque was measured using the MGT-12 digital torque meter (Mark-10 Co., Copiague, NY, USA). RESULTS In the experimental group, the surface analysis showed uniform porous structures under ×25, ×150 and ×1,000 magnification. Pore sizes in the experimental group were 20-40 mm and consisted of numerous small pores, whereas pore sizes in the control group were 0.5-2.0 mm. EDS analysis showed no significant difference between the two groups. The mean removal torque in the laser-treated and the SLA-treated implant groups were 79.4 Ncm (SD = 20.4; range 34.6-104.3 Ncm) and 52.7 Ncm (SD = 17.2; range 18.7-73.8 Ncm), respectively. The removal torque in the laser-treated surface implant group was significantly higher than that in the control group (P=.004). CONCLUSION In this study, removal torque values were significantly higher for laser-treated surface implants than for SLA-treated surface implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nam-Seok Kang
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung-Pook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Lin-Jie Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung-Pook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Am Cho
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry, Kyung-Pook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Chung CJ, Jung KY, Choi YJ, Kim KH. Biomechanical characteristics and reinsertion guidelines for retrieved orthodontic miniscrews. Angle Orthod 2014; 84:878-84. [PMID: 24575952 DOI: 10.2319/092613-703.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To analyze morphological variations of retrieved orthodontic miniscrews and to evaluate the mechanical properties that may adversely affect relocation of miniscrews. MATERIALS AND METHODS Retrieved miniscrews were classified with scanning electron microscopy according to the degree of morphological deformation of the tip. To evaluate the differences in mechanical characteristics during reinsertion, changes in insertion torque, insertion time and differences in successful insertion load were compared between unused controls and retrieved miniscrews. In addition, surface composition analysis of retrieved miniscrews was performed using energy-dispersive x-ray spectroscopy. RESULTS Significant tip deformation was evident in the majority (>84.5%) of retrieved miniscrews. Initial conditions such as insertion site or duration of insertion were not associated with the presence of tip deformation. Insertion load for successful bone penetration increased in proportion to the degree of tip deformation; however, serial changes in insertion torque were similar to those of the controls. Deposited debris such as carbon, calcium, and phosphorus was noted on the retrieved miniscrews. CONCLUSION Miniscrews retrieved after primary insertion exhibited decreased cutting ability due to deformation of the tip structure, as well as surface contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chooryung J Chung
- a Associate Professor, Department of Orthodontics, Gangnam Severance Hospital, The Craniofacial Deformity Institute, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
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MacDonald DE, Rapuano BE, Vyas P, Lane JM, Meyers K, Wright T. Heat and radiofrequency plasma glow discharge pretreatment of a titanium alloy promote bone formation and osseointegration. J Cell Biochem 2013; 114:2363-74. [PMID: 23649564 PMCID: PMC3786157 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2013] [Accepted: 04/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Orthopedic and dental implants manifest increased failure rates when inserted into low density bone. We determined whether chemical pretreatments of a titanium alloy implant material stimulated new bone formation to increase osseointegration in vivo in trabecular bone using a rat model. Titanium alloy rods were untreated or pretreated with heat (600°C) or radiofrequency plasma glow discharge (RFGD). The rods were then coated with the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin (1 nM) or left uncoated and surgically implanted into the rat femoral medullary cavity. Animals were euthanized 3 or 6 weeks later, and femurs were removed for analysis. The number of trabeculae in contact with the implant surface, surface contact between trabeculae and the implant, and the length and area of bone attached to the implant were measured by histomorphometry. Implant shear strength was measured by a pull-out test. Both pretreatments and fibronectin enhanced the number of trabeculae bonding with the implant and trabeculae-to-implant surface contact, with greater effects of fibronectin observed with pretreated compared to untreated implants. RFGD pretreatment modestly increased implant shear strength, which was highly correlated (r(2) = 0.87-0.99) with measures of trabecular bonding for untreated and RFGD-pretreated implants. In contrast, heat pretreatment increased shear strength 3-5-fold for both uncoated and fibronectin-coated implants at 3 and 6 weeks, suggesting a more rapid increase in implant-femur bonding compared to the other groups. In summary, our findings suggest that the heat and RFGD pretreatments can promote the osseointegration of a titanium alloy implant material.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E MacDonald
- Hospital for Special Surgery Affiliated With the Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, New York 10021, USA.
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Mamalis A, Silvestros S. Modified Titanium Surfaces Alter Osteogenic Differentiation: A Comparative Microarray-Based Analysis of Human Mesenchymal Cell Response to Commercial Titanium Surfaces. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2013; 39:591-601. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-10-00209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The differential effects of dual-acid etched (Osseotite), hydroxyapatite coated (HA) and sand-blasted/acid-etched (SLA) titanium surfaces on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (hMSCs) were investigated. Proliferation was significantly promoted on the SLA surfaces. 16 genes were significantly upregulated when hMSCs were cultured on the Osseotite and the HA surfaces and 15 genes on the SLA surfaces. Upregulated genes control cell differentiation, signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, angiogenesis, cell adhesion, and extracellular matrix and bone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios Mamalis
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
- University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
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Cho YC, Cha JY, Hwang CJ, Park YC, Jung HS, Yu HS. Biologic stability of plasma ion-implanted miniscrews. Korean J Orthod 2013; 43:120-6. [PMID: 23814706 PMCID: PMC3694203 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2013.43.3.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2012] [Revised: 02/26/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To gain basic information regarding the biologic stability of plasma ion-implanted miniscrews and their potential clinical applications. Methods Sixteen plasma ion-implanted and 16 sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) miniscrews were bilaterally inserted in the mandibles of 4 beagles (2 miniscrews of each type per quadrant). Then, 250 - 300 gm of force from Ni-Ti coil springs was applied for 2 different periods: 12 weeks on one side and 3 weeks contralaterally. Thereafter, the animals were sacrificed and mandibular specimens including the miniscrews were collected. The insertion torque and mobility were compared between the groups. The bone-implant contact and bone volume ratio were calculated within 800 µm of the miniscrews and compared between the loading periods. The number of osteoblasts was also quantified. The measurements were expressed as percentages and analyzed by independent t-tests (p < 0.05). Results No significant differences in any of the analyzed parameters were noted between the groups. Conclusions The preliminary findings indicate that plasma ion-implanted miniscrews have similar biologic characteristics to SLA miniscrews in terms of insertion torque, mobility, bone-implant contact rate, and bone volume rate.
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Proteomic analysis of the biological response of MG63 osteoblast-like cells to titanium implants. Odontology 2013; 102:241-8. [PMID: 23665890 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-013-0115-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2012] [Accepted: 04/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Understanding of the interaction between human MG63 osteoblast-like cells and surfaces is necessary in the field of tissue engineering and biomaterials. Various titanium surfaces are widely used as not only implant materials, but also as miniscrews in orthodontics. Our goal was to assess the proteomic response of MG63 osteoblast-like cells to different titanium surfaces. MG63 osteoblast-like cells were cultured on three different titanium surfaces: a smooth surface (S), a sandblasted with large grit and acid-etched surface (SLA), and a surface coated with a thin layer of hydroxyapatite (HA). Cells grown on the rougher surfaces (SLA and HA) exhibited downregulated cell proliferation and morphological changes. In the proteomic analysis, cells grown on the SLA surface showed upregulated expression of protocadherin-β3 precursor, kinase insert domain receptor, fibroblast growth factor receptor-3, and insulin-like growth factor I, while the expression levels of cell adhesion kinase, collagen α-1(I) chain precursor, collagen type XI α2, and cadherin-11 were upregulated in cells grown on the HA surface. These proteins are known to be involved in osteoblast adhesion, growth, and differentiation. Thus, the surface properties of dental materials can influence the expression of proteins involved in osseointegration-related processes. Proteomic analysis may reveal changes in novel proteins that explain why osseointegration varies depending on surface properties.
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Scarano A, Degidi M, Perrotti V, Degidi D, Piattelli A, Iezzi G. Experimental Evaluation in Rabbits of the Effects of Thread Concavities in Bone Formation with Different Titanium Implant Surfaces. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2013; 16:572-81. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Scarano
- Department of Medical; Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara; Italy
| | | | - Vittoria Perrotti
- Department of Medical; Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara; Italy
| | | | - Adriano Piattelli
- Department of Medical; Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara; Italy
| | - Giovanna Iezzi
- Department of Medical; Oral and Biotechnological Sciences, Dental School, University of Chieti-Pescara; Italy
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Chen X, Li Y, Aparicio C. Biofunctional Coatings for Dental Implants. THIN FILMS AND COATINGS IN BIOLOGY 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/978-94-007-2592-8_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Bryington M, Mendonça G, Nares S, Cooper LF. Osteoblastic and cytokine gene expression of implant-adherent cells in humans. Clin Oral Implants Res 2012; 25:52-8. [PMID: 23057568 DOI: 10.1111/clr.12054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/08/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Implant surface topography is a key determinant affecting osteoblastic differentiation and cell-cell signaling of implant-adherent cells. MATERIALS AND METHODS To assess the early osteoinductive and cell-cell signaling events in adherent cells, commercially pure titanium implants (2.2 × 5 mm) with nanotopography (HF-treated TiO2 grit-blasted) were compared with micron-scale topography TiO2 grit-blasted (micron-scale, control) implants in vivo. Six implants (n = 3/surface) were placed in 10 systemically healthy subjects and removed by reverse threading at 1, 3, and 7 days. Gene expression profiles of adherent cells were interrogated using low-density RT-PCR arrays. RESULTS Osteoinduction was not observed at day 1 on either surface. At 3 days, elevated levels of BMP6, osteopontin, and osterix (OSX) were observed in RNA of cells adherent to both micron-scale and nanotopography surfaces. Both surfaces supported osteoinductive gene expression at 7 days; however, modest elevations of most mRNAs and significantly higher OSX mRNA levels were measured for cells adhered to nanotopography implants. Further, chemokine and cytokine profiles including CXCL10, CXCL14, IL-9, IL-22, and TOLLIP were upregulated on nanotopographic surfaces as compared with microtopographic surfaces. CONCLUSIONS Implants with superimposed nanoscale topography generate a greater induction of genes linked to osteogenesis and cell-cell signaling during the early phases of osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Bryington
- Department of Prosthodontics, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Department of Prosthodontics, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
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Vignoletti F, Abrahamsson I. Quality of reporting of experimental research in implant dentistry. Critical aspects in design, outcome assessment and model validation. J Clin Periodontol 2012; 39 Suppl 12:6-27. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-051x.2011.01830.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fabio Vignoletti
- Department of Periodontology; Faculty of Odontology; Complutense University of Madrid; Madrid; Spain
| | - Ingemar Abrahamsson
- Department of Periodontology; Institute of Odontology; The Sahlgrenska Academy; University of Gothenburg; Gothenburg; Sweden
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Johansson CB, Gretzer C, Jimbo R, Mattisson I, Ahlberg E. Enhanced implant integration with hierarchically structured implants: a pilot study in rabbits. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 23:943-53. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02233.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Aparicio C, Padrós A, Gil FJ. In vivo evaluation of micro-rough and bioactive titanium dental implants using histometry and pull-out tests. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2011; 4:1672-82. [PMID: 22098868 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2011.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2010] [Revised: 04/07/2011] [Accepted: 05/03/2011] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We report on the in vivo histological and mechanical performance of titanium dental implants with a new surface treatment (2Step) consisting of an initial grit-blasting process to produce a micro-rough surface, followed by a combined chemical and thermal treatment that produces a potentially bioactive surface, i.e., that can form an apatitic layer when exposed to biomimetic conditions in vitro. Our aim was to assess the short- and mid-term bone regenerative potential and mechanical retention of 2Step implants in mandible and maxilla of minipigs and compare them with micro-rough grit-blasted, micro-rough acid-etched, and smooth as-machined titanium implants. The percent of bone-to-implant contact after 2, 4, 6, and 10 weeks of implantation as well as the mechanical retention after 4, and 6 weeks of implantation were evaluated with histometric and pull-out tests, respectively, as a measure of the osseointegration of the implants. We also aimed to assess the bioactive nature of 2Step surfaces in vivo. Our results demonstrated that the 2Step treatment produced micro-rough and bioactive implants that accelerated bone tissue regeneration and increased mechanical retention in the bone bed at short periods of implantation in comparison with all other implants tested. This was mostly attributed to the ability of 2Step implants to form in vivo a layer of apatitic mineral that coated the implant and could rapidly stimulate (a) bone nucleation directly on the implant surface, and (b) bone growing from the implant surface. We also proved that roughness values of Ra≈4.5 μm favoured osseointegration of dental implants at short- and mid-term healing periods, as grit-blasted implants and 2Step implants had higher retention values than as machined and acid-etched implants. The surface quality resulting from the 2Step treatment applied on cpTi provided dental implants with a unique combination of rapid bone regeneration and high mechanical retention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Conrado Aparicio
- Cátedra UPC-Klockner, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering, Technical University of Catalonia, Barcelona, Spain
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Kang BS, Sul YT, Johansson CB, Oh SJ, Lee HJ, Albrektsson T. The effect of calcium ion concentration on the bone response to oxidized titanium implants. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 23:690-697. [PMID: 21443613 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02177.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Byung-Soo Kang
- Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaNational Center for Inter-University Research Facility, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young-Taeg Sul
- Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaNational Center for Inter-University Research Facility, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Carina B Johansson
- Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaNational Center for Inter-University Research Facility, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Se-Jung Oh
- Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaNational Center for Inter-University Research Facility, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Ju Lee
- Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaNational Center for Inter-University Research Facility, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Tomas Albrektsson
- Department of Biomaterials/Handicap Research, Institute for Clinical Sciences, The Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, SwedenInstitute for Clinical Dental Research, Korea University, Seoul, South KoreaDepartment of Clinical Medicine, School of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Örebro, Örebro, SwedenDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Seoul National University, Seoul, South KoreaNational Center for Inter-University Research Facility, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
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Mamalis AA, Silvestros SS. Analysis of osteoblastic gene expression in the early human mesenchymal cell response to a chemically modified implant surface: an in vitro study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2010; 22:530-7. [PMID: 21121959 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2010.02049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The effect of a chemical modification of the SLA surface (SLActive surface) on human bone marrow-derived mesenchymal cells (hMSCs) on; (1) adhesion, (2) proliferation and (3) early transcriptional control of osteogenic differentiation was investigated. We are based on the hypothesis that expression patterns of genes responsible for osteogenesis might be dependent on the characteristics of the implant surface. MATERIAL AND METHODS hMSCs were allowed to grow on smooth (SMO-control), SLA and SLActive implant surfaces (chemically modified). Cell attachment and proliferation were assessed at 3 and 24 h using a MTT dye reduction assay. At 24 h of culture, DNA microarray analysis examined alterations in early gene expression using a human osteogenesis gene array, including 109 cDNAs in quadruplicates of major regulatory genes for osteogenesis. RESULTS Initial attachment and proliferation were found to be significantly reduced. Nineteen genes were significantly upregulated when hMSCs were cultured on the SLA surfaces and 27 genes were significantly upregulated when hMSCs were cultured on the SLActive surfaces. Upregulated genes control cell differentiation, signal transduction, cell cycle regulation, angiogenesis, cell adhesion and extracellular matrix and bone formation. DISCUSSION Chemical modification decreases further cell attachment and proliferation and upregulates early osteoblastic differentiation genes. Hence, a microenvironment is created around chemically modified implants that may enhance osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasios A Mamalis
- Department of Periodontics, University of Texas, Health Science Center at San Antonio, USA.
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Fröjd V, Wennerberg A, Franke Stenport V. Importance of Ca2+Modifications for Osseointegration of Smooth and Moderately Rough Anodized Titanium Implants - A Removal Torque and Histological Evaluation in Rabbit. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2010; 14:737-45. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2010.00315.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Pazos L, Corengia P, Svoboda H. Effect of surface treatments on the fatigue life of titanium for biomedical applications. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2010; 3:416-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 03/02/2010] [Accepted: 03/03/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Johansson CB, Jimbo R, Stefenson P. Ex vivo and in vivo biomechanical test of implant attachment to various materials: introduction of a new user-friendly removal torque equipment. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2010; 14:603-11. [PMID: 20662862 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2010.00296.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The removal torque (RTQ) analysis is commonly used for biomechanical evaluation of osseointegration. The overall aim of this study was to verify results obtained with a newly developed equipment for biomechanical testing of osseointegration. METHODS Verification of the new equipment for biomechanical tests involved three experiments: Part I, comparison of RTQ between implants placed in four different types of dental synthetic plasters. Part II, comparison of RTQ between custom made, experimentally used implants to self-tapping, commercially available implants molded in the same type of dental plaster. Part III, comparison of RTQ between commercially pure titanium implants to Ti6Al4V implants placed in rabbit bone, 6 weeks after insertion. Briefly, for all experiments, the peak RTQ values and the removal process were recorded every 0.01 seconds up to 10 seconds. After the measurements, peak RTQ values were converted to shear strength. RESULTS The developed equipment sensitively responded to the changes of properties related to the molding plasters, implant topographies, and materials. The monitored graphs corresponded well to the expected properties of the different implants and tested materials. CONCLUSION The new RTQ equipment proved to be accurate and could add new knowledge in understanding the biomechanical aspects of osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina B Johansson
- School of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, Örebro University, Örebro, Sweden.
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Palmquist A, Lindberg F, Emanuelsson L, Brånemark R, Engqvist H, Thomsen P. Morphological studies on machined implants of commercially pure titanium and titanium alloy (Ti6Al4V) in the rabbit. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2009; 91:309-19. [PMID: 19507145 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.31404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the bone response to commercially pure titanium grade I and titanium alloy grade V (90% Ti, 6% Al, and 4% V, depicted Ti6Al4V) after 8 weeks in rabbit tibia. Interference microscopy and scanning electron microscopy were used for surface analyses. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) was used for evaluation of surface crystallinity and chemistry after preparation of ultrathin sections using focused ion beam (FIB) microscopy. Three different embedding resins commonly used for histological preparation were evaluated with respect to adaptation to a turned implant surface. Epoxy Agar 100 resin and acrylic Technovit 7200 resin showed low separation while acrylic LR White resin showed large separation at the interface. The retrieved specimens were embedded in acrylic Technovit 7200 resin after fixation and dehydration. The histological evaluation revealed osseointegration for both c.p. titanium grade I and Ti6Al4V alloy, but no quantitative differences in bone contact and bone area were detected. Because a separation of implant and tissue occurred in the interface between implant and bone embedded in acrylic Technovit 7200 resin, additional factors related to implant surface properties and technical procedures are likely to influence the possibilities to prepare ultrathin sections by FIB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders Palmquist
- Department of Biomaterials, Sahlgrenska Academy at University of Gothenburg, Göteborg, Sweden.
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Wennerberg A, Albrektsson T. Effects of titanium surface topography on bone integration: a systematic review. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 20 Suppl 4:172-84. [PMID: 19663964 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01775.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 811] [Impact Index Per Article: 54.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM To analyse possible effects of titanium surface topography on bone integration. MATERIALS AND METHODS Our analyses were centred on a PubMed search that identified 1184 publications of assumed relevance; of those, 1064 had to be disregarded because they did not accurately present in vivo data on bone response to surface topography. The remaining 120 papers were read and analysed, after removal of an additional 20 papers that mainly dealt with CaP-coated and Zr implants; 100 papers remained and formed the basis for this paper. The bone response to differently configurated surfaces was mainly evaluated by histomorphometry (bone-to-implant contact), removal torque and pushout/pullout tests. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION A huge number of the experimental investigations have demonstrated that the bone response was influenced by the implant surface topography; smooth (S(a)<0.5 microm) and minimally rough (S(a) 0.5-1 mum) surfaces showed less strong bone responses than rougher surfaces. Moderately rough (S(a)>1-2 microm) surfaces showed stronger bone responses than rough (S(a)>2 microm) in some studies. One limitation was that it was difficult to compare many studies because of the varying quality of surface evaluations; a surface termed 'rough' in one study was not uncommonly referred to as 'smooth' in another; many investigators falsely assumed that surface preparation per se identified the roughness of the implant; and many other studies used only qualitative techniques such as SEM. Furthermore, filtering techniques differed or only height parameters (S(a), R(a)) were reported. CONCLUSIONS * Surface topography influences bone response at the micrometre level. * Some indications exist that surface topography influences bone response at the nanometre level. * The majority of published papers present an inadequate surface characterization. * Measurement and evaluation techniques need to be standardized. * Not only height descriptive parameters but also spatial and hybrid ones should be used.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Wennerberg
- Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden.
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Ahn S, Vang MS, Yang HS, Park SW, Lim HP. Histologic evaluation and removal torque analysis of nano- and microtreated titanium implants in the dogs. J Adv Prosthodont 2009; 1:75-84. [PMID: 21165259 PMCID: PMC2994682 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2009.1.2.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2009] [Revised: 02/25/2009] [Accepted: 07/15/2009] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
STATEMENT OF PROBLEM A number of studies about the nano-treated surfaces of implants have been conducting along with micro-treated surfaces of implants. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to get information for the clinical use of nano-treated surfaces compared with micro-treated surfaces by measuring removal torque and analyzing histological characteristics after the placement of various surface-treated implants on femurs of dogs. MATERIAL AND METHODS Machined surface implants were used as a control group. 4 nano-treated surface implants and 3 micro-treated surface implants [resorbable blast media surface (RBM), sandblast and acid-etched surface (SAE), anodized RBM surface] were used as experimental groups. Removal torque values of implants were measured respectively and the histological analyses were conducted on both 4weeks and 8weeks after implant surgery. The surfaces of removed implants after measuring removal torque values were observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) at 8 weeks. RESULTS 1. Removal torque values of the nano-treated groups were lower than those of micro-treated groups. 2. Removal torque values were similar in the anodized RBM surface groups. 3. On the histological views, there was much of bone formation at 8 weeks, but there was no difference between 4 and 8 weeks, and between the types of implant surfaces as well. CONCLUSION It is suggested that implant topography is more effective in removal torque test than surface chemistry. To get better clinical result, further studies should be fulfilled on the combined effect of surface topography and chemistry for the implant surface treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seok Ahn
- Graduate student, Department of Prosthodontics, Graduate school, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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