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Huang YC, Huang YC, Ding SJ. Primary stability of implant placement and loading related to dental implant materials and designs: A literature review. J Dent Sci 2023; 18:1467-1476. [PMID: 37799926 PMCID: PMC10548003 DOI: 10.1016/j.jds.2023.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A variety of implant placement and loading protocols are identified, ranging from immediate implant placement on the day of extraction to delayed placement for at least 6 months after complete healing. The method of assessment of implant placement and loading plays an important role in the implantation. The expected clinical outcomes depend largely on multiple factors, such as the macroscopic design of the implant, surgical technique, and the quality and quantity of local bone in contact with the implant, which would be described in detail. The purpose of this literature review was to explore the relationship between the factors influencing the implant placement stability and implant design. By understanding the original appearance of implant design and the stability requirements of implant placement, it is hoped that more research in the future can meet the needs of dentists and patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Che Huang
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chang Huang
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Shinn-Jyh Ding
- Institute of Oral Science, Chung Shan Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Stomatology, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
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Bone Density around Titanium Dental Implants Coating Tested/Coated with Chitosan or Melatonin: An Evaluation via Microtomography in Jaws of Beagle Dogs. COATINGS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/coatings11070777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peri-implant bone density plays an important role in the osseointegration of dental implants. The aim of the study was to evaluate via micro-CT, in Hounsfield units, the bone density around dental implants coated with chitosan and melatonin and to compare it with the bone density around implants with a conventional etched surface after 12 weeks of immediate post-extraction placement in the jaws of Beagle dogs. Six dogs were used, and 48 implants were randomly placed: three groups—melatonin, chitosan, and control. Seven 10 mm × 10 mm regions of interest were defined in each implant (2 in the crestal zone, 4 in the medial zone, and 1 in the apical zone). A total of 336 sites were studied with the AMIDE tool, using the Norton and Gamble classification to assess bone density. The effect on bone density of surface coating variables (chitosan, melatonin, and control) at the crestal, medial, and apical sites and the implant positions (P2, P3, P4, and M1) was analyzed at bivariate and multivariate levels (linear regression). Adjusted effects on bone density did not indicate statistical significance for surface coatings (p = 0.653) but did for different levels of ROIs (p < 0.001) and for positions of the implants (p = 0.032). Micro-CT, with appropriate software, proved to be a powerful tool for measuring osseointegration.
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Lyu HZ, Lee JH. Correlation between two-dimensional micro-CT and histomorphometry for assessment of the implant osseointegration in rabbit tibia model. Biomater Res 2021; 25:11. [PMID: 33849652 PMCID: PMC8042957 DOI: 10.1186/s40824-021-00213-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histology is considered as a gold standard for analyzing bone architecture. However, histomorphometry is a destructive method and only offers the bone information of a limited location. Micro-computed tomography (μCT) is a non-destructive technology and provides a slice at any site. The aim of this study was to compare the correlation of the Bone-to-Implant Contact ratio (BIC) between 2D micro-CT (μCT) and histomorphometry and to investigate a method for assessing the osseointegration of the implant by 2D μCT. METHODS A total of 18 implants were divided into three groups (6 implants per group), and inserted into the rabbit tibia defects as follow: implant only (Implant group), implant with β-TCP/hydrogel (TCP group), implant with rhBMP-2 loaded β-TCP/hydrogel composite (BMP-2 group). After 4 weeks of implantation, the specimens were collected to take the micro-CT scan with an aluminum filter and performed H&E staining on the undecalcified sections. The 2D μCT slices were chosen at an angle of 0°, 45°, 90° and 135° with the representative histological section to measure BIC. And the correlations between BICs of 2D μCT and BICs of histology were evaluated. RESULTS In each group, BICs at the same sites measured by histomorphometry and corresponding 2D μCT presented the same trend and shown no significant difference between the two methods (P > 0.05). BICs of histological sections and BICs of corresponding 2D μCT slices presented a strong correlation in the implant group (γ = 0.74, P = 0.09), a moderate correlation in the TCP group (γ = 0.46, P = 0.35), a weak correlation in the BMP-2 group (γ = 0.30, P = 0.56). In the implant group, the relationship between BIC-Mean-μCTs and BICs-Histology has presented a significant linear correlation (γ = 0.84, P = 0.04). CONCLUSIONS Integrating bone information of several 2D μCT slices in different sites to measure BIC is a feasible method for assessing the implant osseointegration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Zhen Lyu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Boramae-ro 5-gil 20, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae Hyup Lee
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, SMG-SNU Boramae Medical Center, Boramae-ro 5-gil 20, Dongjak-gu, Seoul, 07061, South Korea.
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, College of Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, South Korea.
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Song D, Shujaat S, Huang Y, Van Dessel J, Politis C, Lambrichts I, Jacobs R. Effect of platelet-rich and platelet-poor plasma on 3D bone-to-implant contact: a preclinical micro-CT study. Int J Implant Dent 2021; 7:11. [PMID: 33598799 PMCID: PMC7889772 DOI: 10.1186/s40729-021-00291-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone-to-implant contact ratio (BIC%) plays a critical role in secondary stability of osseointegrated dental implants. The aim of this study was to identify the correlation of 2D/3D micro-CT images with histology as a gold standard for evaluating BIC% and to investigate the influence of the platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and platelet-poor plasma (PPP) on 3D BIC% following delayed implant placement with delayed loading (DIP+DL). METHODS Nine beagle dogs were recruited. Following bilateral extraction of mandibular 3rd premolar, 4th premolar, and 1st molar, 54 screw-type titanium implants were inserted and randomly divided into one control and two test groups based on a split-mouth design. The control group involved DIP+DL (n = 18) and both test groups included DIP+DL with local application of PRP (n = 18) and PPP (n = 18). A BIC analysis was performed utilizing 2D histomorphometry and 2D/3D micro-CT. Following identification of correlation between histology and 2D/3D micro-CT images, a 3D micro-CT assessment of the 3D BIC% at three follow-up time-points (1, 3, and 6 months) was carried out for observing the influence of PRP and PPP on BIC. RESULTS The 2D micro-CT BIC% values revealed a strong positive correlation with histology (r = 0.98, p < 0.001) and a moderate correlation existed with 3D micro-CT (r = 0. 67, p = 0.005). BIC levels at 1 month and combined influence of PPP and PRP irrespective of time-points revealed significantly higher 3D BIC% compared to the control. However, a reduction in 3D BIC% was observed at the 3rd and 6th month. No significant difference was observed between both PRP and PPP. CONCLUSIONS Both 2D and 3D micro-CT demonstrated a potential to be utilized as a complimentary method for assessing BIC compared to the histological gold standard. Overall, both PRP and PPP significantly facilitated bone healing and osseointegration with a higher 3D BIC at follow-up. However, their influence was reduced as the observation period was increased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dandan Song
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
| | - Sohaib Shujaat
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yan Huang
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- West China College of Stomatology, State Key Laboratory of Oral Disease & National Clinical Research Center for Oral Disease, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Jeroen Van Dessel
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Constantinus Politis
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ivo Lambrichts
- Department of Morphology, Biomedical Research Institute, Hasselt University, Diepenbeek, Belgium
| | - Reinhilde Jacobs
- OMFS IMPATH Research Group, Department of Imaging & Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, KU Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Dental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
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Ko BD, Son K, Kang SH, Lee KB. Accuracy of different electronic torque drivers: A comparative evaluation. J Adv Prosthodont 2020; 11:350-357. [PMID: 31897274 PMCID: PMC6933052 DOI: 10.4047/jap.2019.11.6.350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aims to evaluate the loosening torque on the implant fixture, and to assess the accuracy of difference electronic torque drivers. MATERIALS AND METHODS Three electronic torque drivers were used to measure the loosening torque on the implant system (AnyOne; MegaGen). The implant fixtures were divided among the 3 electronic torque driver types (W&H, SAESHIN, and NSK group) and 9 for each group. The screws were fastened at the implant fixture by three electronic torque drivers using the tightening torques recommended by the manufacturers of the drivers. After 10 minutes, the screws were again fastened at the implant fixture with equal torque. Then, the loosening torques were measured with an MGT12 torque gauge (MARK-10, Inc.). This measurement procedure was repeated 10 times under loosening torques of 15 Ncm, 25 Ncm, and 35 Ncm. In the statistical analysis, all values of loosening torque were analyzed with the one-way ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis test (α=.05) for comparative evaluation. RESULTS There were significant inter-group differences at loosening torques of 15 Ncm and 25 Ncm (P<.05). The accuracy of the NSK driver was the highest, followed by SAESHIN and W&H. There was no significant difference between NSK and W&H at 35 Ncm (P>.05). The SAESHIN driver showed the closest loosening torque at 35 Ncm. CONCLUSION The most accurate loosening torques were SAESHIN at 35 Ncm, and NSK at 15 Ncm and 25 Ncm. Since the loosening torque may vary depending on the tightening torques and electronic torque drivers, periodic calibration of the electronic torque driver is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Byeong-Dae Ko
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - KeunBaDa Son
- Department of Dental Science, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Seok Hyon Kang
- Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Bok Lee
- Department of Dentistry, Graduate School, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea.,Advanced Dental Device Development Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Acquisition of Quasi-Monochromatic Dual-Energy in a Microfocus X-ray Generator and Development of Applied Technology. Diagnostics (Basel) 2019; 9:diagnostics9010027. [PMID: 30836635 PMCID: PMC6468472 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics9010027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In regenerative medicine, evaluation of bone mineral density using a microfocus X-ray generator could eventually be used to determine the degree of bone tissue regeneration. To evaluate bone mineral density against regenerated bone material, two low-energy X-rays are necessary. Herein, the acquisition of quasi-monochromatic, dual-energy soft X-ray and the subsequent medical application were examined using the K-absorption edges of two types of metal filters (i.e., zirconium and tin) in a microfocus X-ray generator. Investigation of the optimal tube voltage and filter thickness to form a quasi-monochromatic energy spectrum with a single filter revealed that a filter thickness of 0.3 mm results in an optimal monochromatization state. When a dual filter was used, the required filter thickness was 0.3 mm for tin and 0.2 mm for zirconium at a tube voltage of 35 kV. For the medical application, we measured quasi-monochromatic, dual-energy X-rays to evaluate the measurement accuracy of bone mineral density. Using aluminum as a simulated bone sample, a relative error of ≤5% was consistent within the aluminum thickness range of 1–3 mm. These data suggest that a bone mineral density indicator of recycled bone material can be easily obtained with the quasi-monochromatic X-ray technique using a microfocus X-ray generator.
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Choi JY, Park JI, Chae JS, Yeo ISL. Comparison of micro-computed tomography and histomorphometry in the measurement of bone-implant contact ratios. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol 2019; 128:87-95. [PMID: 30692058 DOI: 10.1016/j.oooo.2018.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to measure the 3-dimensional (3D) bone-to-implant contact (BIC) ratios calculated with an associated software algorithm on 3D micro-computed tomography (μCT) scans and compare them with measurements made with 2-dimensional histomorphometry. STUDY DESIGN For uncomplicated calculation of the 3D BIC ratios, 16 implants (8 grade 2 titanium and 8 grade 4 titanium) with simple cylindrical geometry were inserted into 8 rabbit tibiae; 2 implants were inserted into each tibia. The experimental animals were sacrificed at 2 weeks after surgery. The implants were surgically removed en bloc with surrounding bone. 3D μCT images were acquired and reconstructed, and histomorphometric procedures were performed. The calculated 3D BIC ratios were compared with the histomorphometrically measured BIC ratios. RESULTS When the 3D BIC ratios calculated in this study were compared with the BIC ratios measured conventionally by using histologic slides for light microscopy, no significant statistical correlation was found between the 2 ratios (P ≥ .35). CONCLUSIONS This study indicated that 3D μCT should be used for more accurate BIC assessment to produce an overall 3D picture for the bone-implant interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jung-Yoo Choi
- Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae-Il Park
- Senior Researcher, Animal Facility of Aging Science, Korea Basic Science Institute, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Ji Soo Chae
- Life Sciences, PerkinElmer Korea, Guro-gu, Seoul, Korea
| | - In-Sung Luke Yeo
- Department of Prosthodontics, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea.
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Offermanns V, Andersen OZ, Riede G, Sillassen M, Jeppesen CS, Almtoft KP, Talasz H, Öhman-Mägi C, Lethaus B, Tolba R, Kloss F, Foss M. Effect of strontium surface-functionalized implants on early and late osseointegration: A histological, spectrometric and tomographic evaluation. Acta Biomater 2018; 69:385-394. [PMID: 29425718 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2018.01.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2017] [Revised: 01/18/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Numerous in vivo, in vitro and clinical studies report on beneficial effects of strontium with respect to increased bone growth. Based on this knowledge the aim of this study was to evaluate early and late osseointegration stages of functionalized titanium implants showing sustained release of strontium (Sr) and further investigate its potential systemic effect. Strontium functionalized (Ti-Sr-O) and Grade 4 (Control) titanium implants were inserted in the femoral condyle of New Zealand White rabbits. The Ti-Sr-O coating was characterized using Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Energy Dispersive X-ray Spectrometry (EDX) for structure, coating thickness and chemical composition. Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used to evaluate released strontium in vitro while Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) was utilized to monitor serum levels of strontium and calcium. Additionally, histological and tomographic analysis of bone-to-implant contact (BIC%) and bone formation (BF%) was performed, following implantation periods of two or twelve weeks, respectively. Median values for BIC% for Ti-Sr-O revealed significant differences within the two- and twelve-week observation periods, while exceeding BF% was discovered especially after twelve weeks when performing the histological evaluation. The results from the micro-computed tomography (µ-CT) showed no significant differences, when comparing the experimental groups. AAS measurements did not indicate a systemic effect by the local strontium release. Within the limitations of the study, it was shown that a Ti-Sr-O coating with sustained release characteristics of strontium, accelerates bone apposition and represents a potential potent surface modification for endosseous medical implant devices. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE This study presents first data with respect to early and late in vivo response on a strontium functionalized titanium surface comprising a nanotopography manufactured by a magnetron sputtering process. We investigated different osseointegration stages of screw-shaped implants with dental implant geometries in a rabbit femur model observing beneficial effects of the functionalized surface on bone-to-implant contact and bone formation caused by tailored release of the bone anabolic strontium. Histomorphometrical data revealed that a functionalized titanium surface with controlled liberation of strontium accelerates osseointegration while spectrometry measurements did not indicate a potential systemic effect of this osteoinductive agent and could thus have impact on modifications of medical implant devices.
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Meagher MJ, Parwani RN, Virdi AS, Sumner DR. Optimizing a micro-computed tomography-based surrogate measurement of bone-implant contact. J Orthop Res 2018; 36:979-986. [PMID: 28851105 PMCID: PMC5832531 DOI: 10.1002/jor.23716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 08/19/2017] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
Histology and backscatter scanning electron microscopy (bSEM) are the current gold standard methods for quantifying bone-implant contact (BIC), but are inherently destructive. Microcomputed tomography (μCT) is a non-destructive alternative, but attempts to validate μCT-based assessment of BIC in animal models have produced conflicting results. We previously showed in a rat model using a 1.5 mm diameter titanium implant that the extent of the metal-induced artefact precluded accurate measurement of bone sufficiently close to the interface to assess BIC. Recently introduced commercial laboratory μCT scanners have smaller voxels and improved imaging capabilities, possibly overcoming this limitation. The goals of the present study were to establish an approach for optimizing μCT imaging parameters and to validate μCT-based assessment of BIC. In an empirical parametric study using a 1.5 mm diameter titanium implant, we determined 90 kVp, 88 µA, 1.5 μm isotropic voxel size, 1600 projections/180°, and 750 ms integration time to be optimal. Using specimens from an in vivo rat experiment, we found significant correlations between bSEM and μCT for BIC with the manufacturer's automated analysis routine (r = 0.716, p = 0.003) or a line-intercept method (r = 0.797, p = 0.010). Thus, this newer generation scanner's improved imaging capability reduced the extent of the metal-induced artefact zone enough to permit assessment of BIC. © 2017 Orthopaedic Research Society. Published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Orthop Res 36:979-986, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew J. Meagher
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - Rachna N. Parwani
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612,Department of Bioengineering, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607,College of Engineering, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK P01 3DJ
| | - Amarjit S. Virdi
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
| | - D. Rick Sumner
- Department of Cell & Molecular Medicine, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL 60612
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Chang YY, Kim SH, Park KO, Yun JH. Effect of microthreads on coronal bone healing of narrow-diameter implants with reverse-tapered design in beagle dogs. Clin Oral Implants Res 2017; 28:1532-1542. [PMID: 28543806 DOI: 10.1111/clr.13022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of microthreads on the coronal bone healing of narrow-diameter implants with reverse-tapered design. MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 52 implants were classified into two groups according to presence or absence of coronal microthreads, the reverse-tapered narrow-diameter implant (RTN) group, and the reverse-tapered narrow-diameter implant with microthreads (RTNM) group. The implants were installed in split-mouth design in the edentulous mandible of six dogs. Three animals were sacrificed at 4 weeks and three at 8 weeks. Resonance frequency analysis, bone measurement using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT), removal torque test, and histometric analysis were performed. RESULTS No significant differences in implant stability quotient value were observed between the groups at baseline, 4 weeks, or 8 weeks. Bone measurement using micro-CT showed that bone-implant contact volume (BICV) and bone-implant contact volume ratio (BICVR) in the coronal part of RTNM were statistically higher than those in RTN at 4 and 8 weeks. Histometric analysis showed statistically higher bone-implant contact length (BICL) in the coronal part of RTNM than in RTN at 4 weeks; however, bone-implant contact ratio (BICR) was not significantly different between the groups. At 8 weeks, the BICL and BICR did not differ significantly between the groups. Removal torque test showed no significant differences between the groups at 4 and 8 weeks. CONCLUSIONS The microthreads might facilitate more coronal bone-implant contact due to increased surface areas at an early healing phase; however, they did not significantly affect coronal bone healing at 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Young Chang
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Dentistry, Inha International Medical Center, Incheon, Korea
| | - Su-Hwan Kim
- Department of Periodontics, Asan Medical Center & Department of Dentistry, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Keun-Oh Park
- Department of Bio-fibers and Materials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jeong-Ho Yun
- Department of Periodontology, School of Dentistry and Institute of Oral Bioscience, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju, Korea.,Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute of Chonbuk National University Hospital, Jeonju, Korea
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Rocci A, Calcaterra R, Rocci M, Rocci C, DI Girolamo M, Baggi L. Different performance of platform switching in equicrestal position implant: an histological study. ORAL & IMPLANTOLOGY 2017; 9:11-16. [PMID: 28042426 DOI: 10.11138/orl/2016.9.1.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE In this study we tested two different type of implant systems that were selected on the basis of differences in macrogeometry of platform switching in order to evaluate the behavior in term of BIC on the platform. MATERIAL AND METHOD The patients were divided in two groups (Group I and II); group I was composed by 4 patients that each received in the posterior areas of mandible one type A implant (3,6 mm in diameter and 6,5 mm in length GTBPlan1Health Amaro (UD) Italy) one type B implant (4 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length OsseoSpeed Astra Tech, Dentsply Molndal, Sweden). Group II was composed by 3 patients that each received in the posterior areas of jawsbone one type A implant [3,6 mm in diameter and 6,5 mm in length GTB- Plan1Health Amaro, (UD), Italy] one type B implant (4 mm in diameter and 8 mm in length OsseoSpeed Astra Tech, Dentsply Molndal, Sweden). All the implants were placed, by the same operator, in equicrestal position using "one stage" technique with a healing abutment at an adequate gingival height. After 12 weeks of healing all the implants of both groups were harvested with the peri-implant bone tissues. BIC upon platform was calculated considering as implant surface the platform length. RESULTS Our results showed that the mean percentage of BIC value related to platform surface placed in equicrestal position was higher in patients with type A implant than patients receiving type B implant independently from mandibular or maxillary positions. Moreover the mean percentage of BIC related to platform surface was significantly (p<0.05) higher in Group II/A than Group I/A. CONCLUSIONS Our data highlights that the particular features of the Bioplatform of Type A implant systems guarantee a higher value of BIC even if the implants were placed equicrestally.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Rocci
- Private Practice, Chieti, Italy
| | - R Calcaterra
- Department of Social Dentistry, National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, Rome, Italy
| | - M Rocci
- Private Practice, Chieti, Italy
| | - C Rocci
- Private Practice, Chieti, Italy
| | - M DI Girolamo
- School of Dentistry, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - L Baggi
- Department of Social Dentistry, National Institute for Health, Migration and Poverty, School of Dentistry, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Influence of Trabecular Bone on Peri-Implant Stress and Strain Based on Micro-CT Finite Element Modeling of Beagle Dog. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 2016:3926941. [PMID: 27403424 PMCID: PMC4923539 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3926941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The objective of this investigation is to analyze the influence of trabecular microstructure modeling on the biomechanical distribution of the implant-bone interface. Two three-dimensional finite element mandible models, one with trabecular microstructure (a refined model) and one with macrostructure (a simplified model), were built. The values of equivalent stress at the implant-bone interface in the refined model increased compared with those of the simplified model and strain on the contrary. The distributions of stress and strain were more uniform in the refined model of trabecular microstructure, in which stress and strain were mainly concentrated in trabecular bone. It was concluded that simulation of trabecular bone microstructure had a significant effect on the distribution of stress and strain at the implant-bone interface. These results suggest that trabecular structures could disperse stress and strain and serve as load buffers.
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Oh KC, Moon HS, Lee JH, Park YB, Kim JH. Effects of alendronate on the peri-implant bone in rats. Oral Dis 2014; 21:248-56. [PMID: 24824878 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2013] [Revised: 04/26/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of alendronate on the peri-implant bone in rat maxillae with the aid of micro-computed tomographic, histologic, and biochemical analyses. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were used. After extraction of the maxillary first molars, each rat was given periodic subcutaneous injections of either alendronate (alendronate group) or saline (control group). Customized implants were placed bilaterally 4 weeks after these injections. The rats were sacrificed at either 4, 8, or 12 weeks after implantation (4-, 8-, and 12-week groups, respectively; n = 6 rats per group). Microcomputed tomographic and histologic analyses were conducted for all rats. Biochemical analyses were performed at four time points for the 12-week groups. RESULTS There were no significant differences between the groups on microcomputed tomographic and histologic analyses. All of the measured biochemical parameters tended to decrease over time, with significant differences among some time points within each group. The serum osteocalcin level was significantly lower in the 12-week alendronate group than in the control group (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Three approaches were utilized in evaluating the effects of alendronate. It appears serum osteocalcin levels may serve as an adjuvant marker for this purpose, although further studies are required to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Oh
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
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A new HA/TTCP material for bone augmentation: an in vivo histological pilot study in primates sinus grafting. IMPLANT DENT 2014; 22:83-90. [PMID: 23296033 DOI: 10.1097/id.0b013e31827afc19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Synthetic calcium phosphate bone substitutes are widely used in sinus graft procedures due to their osteoconductive and biocompatible properties. Hydroxyapatite (HA), beta-tricalcium phosphate (β-TCP), and HA/β-TCP composite are the most applied materials. The aim of this study was to propose a new mineralogical formulation, HA/tetracalcium phosphate (TTCP), as biomaterial for bone regeneration in the maxillary sinus. METHODS Sinus grafts were performed by using granules of a HA/TTCP blend and a collagen membrane. Bone response at time points of 14 and 17 weeks was histologically evaluated. RESULTS After 14 weeks of healing, histomorphometric analysis showed the formation of new bone trabeculae among HA/TTCP granules. After 17 weeks, the bone trabeculae were thicker and HA/TTCP granules were still present. Histomorphometric analysis revealed a bone graft contact (BGC) of 64%. CONCLUSIONS After 17 weeks from implantation, HA/TTCP synthetic bone graft performed very well as osteoconductive material: BGC was found very high, and bone volume and vital bone showed an ideal bone density for implant placement. HA/TTCP granules are accounted for to accelerate new bone formation and to reduce the time needed for the graft healing, thus achieving high quantity of the new bone formed.
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Dias DR, Leles CR, Batista AC, Lindh C, Ribeiro-Rotta RF. Agreement between Histomorphometry and Microcomputed Tomography to Assess Bone Microarchitecture of Dental Implant Sites. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2013; 17:732-41. [PMID: 24238279 DOI: 10.1111/cid.12176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Histomorphometry and microcomputed tomography (microCT) have been used in implant studies but need better understanding before being used as equivalent methods. PURPOSE The purpose of this study was to investigate the agreement between 2D (histomorphometry) and 3D (microCT) reference methods for assessing jawbone microarchitecture in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS Forty-four bone specimens from 32 patients were obtained during implant placement and examined by microCT, followed by hematoxylin-eosin staining and histomorphometric analysis. The morphometric parameters included bone volume density (BV/TV), bone surface fraction (BS/TV), bone surface density, trabecular thickness, trabecular number, and trabecular separation (Tb.Sp). Bland-Altman plots were used for pairwise agreement analysis between the equivalent 3D and 2D parameters, and complemented with Mountain plots. The association between the two methods was tested using Pearson's correlation followed by Passing-Bablok regression. RESULTS Systematic bias was observed in all Bland-Altman and Mountain plots, including constant bias for BV/TV and Tb.Sp, and proportional bias for all other parameters. Significant correlation was found for BV/TV (r = 0.80; p < .001) and BS/TV (r = 0.44; p = .003), and the Passing-Bablok regression showed constant bias for BV/TV and proportional bias for BS/TV. CONCLUSION Because of the poor agreement between measures obtained by histomorphometry and microCT, these methods should not be used interchangeably for jawbones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Rocha Dias
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Cláudio Rodrigues Leles
- Department of Prevention and Oral Rehabilitation, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Aline Carvalho Batista
- Department of Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goias, Goiania, Goias, Brazil
| | - Christina Lindh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Faculty of Odontology, Malmö University, Malmö, Sweden
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Kim YJ, Henkin J. Micro-Computed Tomography Assessment of Human Alveolar Bone: Bone Density and Three-Dimensional Micro-Architecture. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2013; 17:307-13. [DOI: 10.1111/cid.12109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jeong Kim
- Department of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda CA USA
| | - Jeffrey Henkin
- Department of Periodontics; School of Dentistry; Loma Linda University; Loma Linda CA USA
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Hsu JT, Huang HL, Tsai MT, Wu AJ, Tu MG, Fuh LJ. Effects of the 3D bone-to-implant contact and bone stiffness on the initial stability of a dental implant: micro-CT and resonance frequency analyses. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2013; 42:276-80. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2012.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2011] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 07/10/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Huang HL, Chen MYC, Hsu JT, Li YF, Chang CH, Chen KT. Three-dimensional bone structure and bone mineral density evaluations of autogenous bone graft after sinus augmentation: a microcomputed tomography analysis. Clin Oral Implants Res 2011; 23:1098-103. [PMID: 22092756 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2011.02273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/11/2011] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the relationships and differences in three-dimensional (3D) bone mineral density (BMD) and microtrabecular structures between autogenous bone grafts and their adjacent native bone after a healing period following maxillary sinus augmentation. MATERIALS AND METHODS Nine rod-shaped human bone biopsy samples were taken from patients receiving two-stage sinus augmentation therapy in implantation areas and analyzed using microcomputed tomography (micro-CT). Before micro-CT scanning, two BMD phantoms were placed near to the bone biopsy samples for executing BMD calculations of the grafted and native bone samples. In addition, 3D structural parameters of the trabeculae were analyzed for both the grafted and native bone, including percentage of bone volume [bone volume (BV)/tissue volume (TV)], bone-specific surface [bone surface (BS)/BV], trabecular thickness (Tb.Th), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular separation (Tb.Sp), trabecular pattern factor (Tb.Pf), and structure model index (SMI). RESULTS No significant correlations with regard to BMD and trabecular-structure parameters were found between native bone and grafted bone; however, BS/BV and Tb.Pf were higher and Tb.Th and Tb.Sp were 37.35% and 12.74% lower in grafted bone than in native bone. For grafted bone, there were significant correlations (P < 0.05) between BMD and BV/TV, and Tb.N. CONCLUSIONS When using autogenous bone as a graft material, BMD and micromorphological conditions of grafted bone were not influenced by the condition of the native bone in the maxilla. Differences were found in surface complexity, trabecular thickness, trabecular separation, and the connectivity of trabeculae between grafted and native bone. The BMD in grafted bone was affected by the quantity of the trabeculae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heng-Li Huang
- School of Dentistry, China Medical University, 91 Hsueh-Shih Road, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Park YS, Lee SP, Han CH, Kwon JH, Jung YC. The Microtomographic Evaluation of Marginal Bone Resorption of Immediately Loaded Scalloped Design Implant With Various Microthread Configurations in Canine Mandible: Pilot Study. J ORAL IMPLANTOL 2010; 36:357-62. [DOI: 10.1563/aaid-joi-d-09-00041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
This study was undertaken to evaluate the effect of microthread geometry of scalloped design implant on marginal bone resorption. Four types of scalloped design titanium implant specimens were prepared. The type 1 implant had a machined scalloped collar, type 2 had a sandblasted and acid-etched scalloped collar, type 3 had horizontal microthreads, and type 4 had parabolic microthreads, which are parallel with the scalloped conical margin. Two implants of a type were randomly installed immediately after extraction in the mandible of a beagle dog. Definitive prostheses were delivered immediately after surgery. After 12 weeks of healing, the dog was sacrificed and microtomography was performed. Type 4 specimens showed a marginal bone loss pattern definitively analogous to the scalloped margin. In this preliminary study, microthread geometry affected the marginal bone resorption pattern of scalloped design implants. However, additional specimens and more controlled conditions should be applied in future studies to confirm these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Pyo Lee
- Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chong-Hyun Han
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yongdong Severance Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Joo Hyun Kwon
- Department of Prosthodontics, Yongdong Severance Dental Hospital, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Jang ES, Park JW, Kweon H, Lee KG, Kang SW, Baek DH, Choi JY, Kim SG. Restoration of peri-implant defects in immediate implant installations by Choukroun platelet-rich fibrin and silk fibroin powder combination graft. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010; 109:831-6. [PMID: 20163973 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2009.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2009] [Revised: 10/07/2009] [Accepted: 10/16/2009] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to determine the capability of silk fibroin powder as a biomaterial template for the restoration of peri-implant defects when mixed with Choukroun platelet-rich fibrin (PRF) in vivo. STUDY DESIGN Ten New Zealand white rabbits were used for this study. Using a trephine bur (diameter 7.0 mm), 2 monocortical defects were prepared. Subsequently, 2 dental implants were installed into the tibia (diameter 3.0 mm, length 10.0 mm). In the experimental group, the peri-implant defect was filled with a combination graft of silk fibroin powder and Choukroun PRF. The control was left in an unfilled state. The animals were killed at 8 weeks. Subsequently, a removal torque test and a histomorphometric analysis were done. RESULTS The removal torque for the experimental group was 30.34 +/- 5.06 N.cm, whereas it was 21.86 +/- 3.39 N.cm for the control. The difference between the 2 groups was statistically significant (P = .010). Mean new bone formation was 51.93 +/- 27.90% in the experimental group and 11.67 +/- 15.12% in the control (P = .003). Mean bone-to-implant contact was 43.07 +/- 21.96% in the experimental group and 15.37 +/- 23.84% in the control (P = .002). CONCLUSION A peri-implant defect can be successfully repaired by the application of Choukroun PRF and silk fibroin powder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Sik Jang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University, Kyoungkido, Korea
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Chang CS, Lee TM, Chang CH, Liu JK. The effect of microrough surface treatment on miniscrews used as orthodontic anchors. Clin Oral Implants Res 2009; 20:1178-84. [PMID: 19531105 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2009.01728.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of two different microrough surface treatments on miniscrews with loading over different time periods in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS Twenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were selected. One hundred and forty-four miniscrews with a machined (MA), sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) or sandblasted and alkaline-etched (SL/NaOH) surface were implanted into the tibia of the rabbits. Then, orthodontic forces with Ni-Ti coils were applied immediately to two of the three miniscrews in each tibia, with the center one serving as the control. After 2, 4, 8 and 12 weeks, the rabbits were sacrificed. The removal torque value (RTV) was tested and bone-to-implant contact (BIC) was examined. RESULTS In most groups, there were no differences between the RTV in the unloaded and loaded conditions at different time periods. In the loaded condition, the RTV of the SLA groups increased significantly after 4 weeks of healing. The RTV in the SL/NaOH groups increased after 8 weeks, and reached a significant difference with the SLA groups after 12 weeks. After 12 weeks, the BIC in the SLA and SL/NaOH groups was higher than in the MA groups. A regression test revealed a moderate correlation between the BIC and the RTV. CONCLUSIONS There were no differences between the loaded and unloaded conditions in most groups. The RTV and BIC increased with time. In the loaded condition, the RTV of the SLA surface increased earlier, at 4 weeks, while the SL/NAOH group showed the highest RTV after 8 weeks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chin-Shan Chang
- Institute of Oral Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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23
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Yoo JH, Choi BH, Li J, Kim HS, Ko CY, Xuan F, Jeong SM. Influence of premature exposure of implants on early crestal bone loss: an experimental study in dogs. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 105:702-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2007] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Choi BH, Li J, Kim HS, Ko CY, Jeong SM, Xuan F. Comparison of submerged and nonsubmerged implants placed without flap reflection in the canine mandible. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 105:561-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.08.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2006] [Revised: 08/01/2007] [Accepted: 08/25/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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25
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Kim SH, Choi BH, Li J, Kim HS, Ko CY, Jeong SM, Xuan F, Lee SH. Peri-implant bone reactions at delayed and immediately loaded implants: an experimental study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 105:144-8. [PMID: 17764984 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2007.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2007] [Revised: 04/06/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare the peri-implant bone reactions of implants subjected to immediate loading with those subjected to delayed loading. STUDY DESIGN In 6 mongrel dogs, bilateral edentulated flat alveolar ridges were created in the mandible. After 3 months of healing, 1 implant was placed in each side. On one side of the mandible, the implant was loaded immediately with a force of 20 N that was applied at a 120 degrees angle from the tooth's longitudinal axis at the labial surface of the crown for 1800 cycles per day for 10 weeks. On the opposite side, after a delay of 3 months to allow osseointegration to take place, the implant was loaded with the same force used for the immediately loaded implant. Ten weeks after loading, microscopic computerized tomography at the implantation site was performed. Osseointegration was calculated as the percentage of implant surface in contact with bone. Bone height was measured in the peri-implant bone. RESULTS The mean osseointegration was greater (65.5%) for the delayed-loading implants than for the immediately loaded implants (60.9%; P < .05). The mean peri-implant bone height was greater (10.6 mm) for the delayed-loading implants than for the immediately loaded implants (9.6 mm; P < .05). CONCLUSION The results indicate that when implants are immediately loaded, the immediate loading may decrease both osseointegration of dental implants and bone height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se-Hoon Kim
- Department of Dentistry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
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26
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Jeong SM, Choi BH, Li J, Kim HS, Ko CY, Jung JH, Lee HJ, Lee SH, Engelke W. Flapless implant surgery: an experimental study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 104:24-8. [PMID: 17376716 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.11.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2006] [Revised: 10/02/2006] [Accepted: 11/09/2006] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of flapless implant surgery on crestal bone loss and osseointegration in a canine mandible model. STUDY DESIGN In 6 mongrel dogs, bilateral, edentulated, flat alveolar ridges were created in the mandible. After 3 months of healing, 2 implants in each side were placed by either flap or flapless procedures. After a healing period of 8 weeks, microcomputerized tomography at the implantation site was performed. Osseointegration was calculated as percentage of implant surface in contact with bone. Additionally, bone height was measured in the peri-implant bone. RESULTS The mean osseointegration was greater at flapless sites (70.4%) than at sites with flaps (59.5%) (P < .05). The mean peri-implant bone height was greater at flapless sites (10.1 mm) than at sites with flaps (9.0 mm) (P < .05). CONCLUSION Flapless surgery can achieve results superior to surgery with reflected flaps. The specific improvements of this technique include enhanced osseointegration of dental implants and increased bone height.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung-Mi Jeong
- Department of Dentistry, Yonsei University Wonju College of Medicine, Wonju, South Korea
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27
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Lee SH, Choi BH, Li J, Jeong SM, Kim HS, Ko CY. Comparison of corticocancellous block and particulate bone grafts in maxillary sinus floor augmentation for bone healing around dental implants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 104:324-8. [PMID: 17428698 DOI: 10.1016/j.tripleo.2006.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2006] [Revised: 11/28/2006] [Accepted: 12/29/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to compare 2 types of bone used for maxillary sinus floor augmentation, corticocancellous block or particulate bone grafts, on bone healing around dental implants when installed simultaneously with the implant. STUDY DESIGN The mucous membranes of 12 sinuses in 6 dogs were elevated bilaterally. On one side of the maxillary sinus, autogenous corticocancellous block bone was grafted into the space between the membrane and sinus wall. On the opposite side, autogenous corticocancellous particulate bone was grafted. Simultaneously, 2 dental implants were inserted into the grafting material through the maxillary sinus floor. The animals were killed 6 months after surgical procedure. RESULTS The mean bone-implant contact was 56.7% on the block side and 32.1% on the particulate side (P < .05). The mean height of newly formed bone in the augmented area was 12.3 mm on the block side and 9.7 mm on the particulate side (P < .05). CONCLUSION Our results show that maxillary sinus floor augmentation using corticocancellous block bone grafts, when installed simultaneously with the implant, is superior to corticocancellous particulate bone grafts for bone healing around dental implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seoung-Ho Lee
- Department of Periodontology, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, South Korea
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Stoppie N, van der Waerden JP, Jansen JA, Duyck J, Wevers M, Naert IE. Validation of Microfocus Computed Tomography in the Evaluation of Bone Implant Specimens. Clin Implant Dent Relat Res 2005; 7:87-94. [PMID: 15996355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1708-8208.2005.tb00051.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Microfocus computed tomography (muCT) is an emerging technique owing to its speed, full three-dimensional information, and nondestructive properties. PURPOSE The aim of this study was to explore the efficacy of a muCT system (Philips HOMX 161, Philips Medical Systems GmbH, Hamburg, Germany) for visualization of the bone structure around screw-type titanium implants by comparing muCT images with their histologic homologues. MATERIALS AND METHODS Eight screw-type titanium implants were placed in the femoral condyles of two goats. After the excised implant-bone specimens were embedded in resin, three-dimensional muCT of the excised implant and bone specimens was performed. Histologic sections were subsequently made. A total of 150 histologic sections were matched with muCT images. RESULTS Bone trabeculae were clearly visible on the muCT scans. However, bone close to the implant or present in the apical surface features of the implant could not be detected. The overall matching between muCT scans (slices) and the histologic sections was 89%. CONCLUSION Investigation of trabecular bone around titanium implants by muCT can be considered highly reliable for determining trabecular bone parameters, with the exception of measuring direct bone-to-implant contact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nele Stoppie
- Department of Prosthetic Dentistry/BIOMAT Research Group, School of Dentistry, Oral Pathology and Maxillofacial Surgery, Catholic University Leuven, Kapucijnenvoer 33, 3000 Leuven, Belgium
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29
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Park YS, Yi KY, Lee IS, Jung YC. Correlation between microtomography and histomorphometry for assessment of implant osseointegration. Clin Oral Implants Res 2005; 16:156-60. [PMID: 15777324 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0501.2004.01083.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Microtomographic techniques are widely used for studying the trabecular architectures in the orthopedics and elucidation of tooth micromorphology in the field of dentistry. Its application to assess the osseointegration of dental implants has been studied as a non-invasive method, contrary to several conventional methods. The aim of this study is to evaluate the possibility of microtomography as a tool for assessing osseointegration. Twenty-four titanium dental implants (3.75 mm in diameter and 7 mm in total length) were installed in the tibia of New Zealand white rabbits, and retrieved with the surrounding bone after 3 months. The specimens were analyzed by three-dimensional microtomogram images (Skyscan 1074) and compared with the conventional histomorphography. The correlation coefficient was found to be 0.855, which means the two data sources are significantly correlated statistically. To predict the histomorphometric data using microtomographic data, a linear regression model was applied. These results showed some promise of using microtomograms for non-invasive osseointegration assessment if the methods can be calibrated more precisely by further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young-Seok Park
- Department of Oral Anatomy, College of Dentistry, Seoul National University, YoengeonDong, ChongroGu, Seoul, Korea
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30
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Jaecques SVN, Van Oosterwyck H, Muraru L, Van Cleynenbreugel T, De Smet E, Wevers M, Naert I, Vander Sloten J. Individualised, micro CT-based finite element modelling as a tool for biomechanical analysis related to tissue engineering of bone. Biomaterials 2004; 25:1683-96. [PMID: 14697870 DOI: 10.1016/s0142-9612(03)00516-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Load-bearing tissues, like bone, can be replaced by engineered tissues or tissue constructs. For the success of this treatment, a profound understanding is needed of the mechanical properties of both the native bone tissue and the construct. Also, the interaction between mechanical loading and bone regeneration and adaptation should be well understood. This paper demonstrates that microfocus computer tomography (microCT) based finite element modelling (FEM) can have an important contribution to the field of functional bone engineering as a biomechanical analysis tool to quantify the stress and strain state in native bone tissue and in tissue constructs. Its value is illustrated by two cases: (1) in vivo microCT-based FEM for the analysis of peri-implant bone adaptation and (2) design of biomechanically optimised bone scaffolds. The first case involves a combined animal experimental and numerical study, in which the peri-implant bone adaptive response is monitored by means of in vivo microCT scanning. In the second case microCT-based finite element models were created of native trabecular bone and bone scaffolds and a mechanical analysis of both structures was performed. Procedures to optimise the mechanical properties of bone scaffolds, in relation to those of native trabecular bone are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V N Jaecques
- Division of Biomechanics and Engineering Design (BMGO), Katholieke Universiteit Leuven (K.U.Leuven), Celestijnenlaan 200A, Leuven, Belgium.
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31
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Yip G, Schneider P, Roberts EW. Micro-computed tomography: high resolution imaging of bone and implants in three dimensions. Semin Orthod 2004. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2004.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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32
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Schliephake H, Wichmann M, Donnerstag F, Vogt S. Imaging of periimplant bone levels of implants with buccal bone defects. Clin Oral Implants Res 2003; 14:193-200. [PMID: 12656879 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0501.2003.140209.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to use four different methods to evaluate three radiographic techniques for their accuracy in assessing the marginal periimplant bone levels at implants with buccal bone defects in an experimental setting. Twenty-four implants were placed in the mandibles of six adult beagle dogs with substantial buccal bone defects, which were augmented by bone particles with and without resorbable membranes. After healing for 5 months, (1) periapical radiographs, (2, 3) reformatted images in (2) sagittal and (3) coronal planes from axial computer tomography (CT) scans and (4) direct magnification images (DIMA) were made and compared with histometric analysis of bone levels. Two values were used for comparison: (i) the lingual bone level and (ii) the true bone level calculated as a mean value from the lingual and the buccal bone levels of all histologic sections of each implant. Metric evaluation of periapical radiographs, sagittal reformation of CT scans and DIMA showed that the results were close to the histometrically assessed lingual bone level, while the true bone level was significantly lower and not reflected by any of the imaging modalities. Coronal reformation showed that there was significant overestimation of the lingual and underestimation of the buccal bone level when compared with histometric values. It is concluded that assessment of bone level and bone regeneration in implants with buccal bone defects remains problematic, and data from periapical radiograms tend considerably to overestimate the bone anchorage of these implants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henning Schliephake
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, George Augusta University, Göttingen, Germany
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