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Rincón Rodriguez ML, Martínez-Vega RA, Duarte Monsalve ML, Moreno Monsalve JO. Reproducibilidad y validez de criterio de dos técnicas radiográficas para variaciones de premolares mandibulares comparadas con CBCT. Rev Cuid 2022. [DOI: 10.15649/cuidarte.2300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Introducción: La existencia de variaciones anatómicas ocasiona fracasos en tratamientos endodónticos, por lo que es importante diagnosticarlas. El objetivo fue determinar la reproducibilidad y la validez de criterio de las radiografías con placa de fósforo y la radiovisografía con sensor para identificar las variaciones anatómicas detectadas por tomografía computarizada de haz cónico (CBCT) en premolares inferiores. Métodos: En 140 premolares se obtuvieron imágenes por CBCT, radiografía y radiovisografía. Se realizó lectura independiente por dos endodocistas, evaluándose la clasificación de Vertucci y las ramificaciones. Se determinó la reproducibilidad intraobservador e interobservador. Se calcularon sensibilidad, especificidad y áreas bajo la curva operador-receptor (AUC) utilizando como estándar de oro la CBCT. Resultados: La reproducibilidad intraobservador e interobservador fue mayor para radiografía. Para la Clase I de Vertucci, la radiografía presentó mayor sensibilidad (94,7%), especificidad (64,9%) y AUC (0,795) que la radiovisiografía (89,3%, 62,2% y 0,757, respectivamente), al igual que para la Clase V (Radiografía 69,2%, 93% y 0,811; Radiovisiografía 50%, 84,2% y 0,671, respectivamente). Ninguna de las técnicas aportó al diagnóstico de la Clase III (AUC <0,5). Las ramificaciones fueron infrecuentes (2,9%) y su detección fue baja (Sensibilidad 25% para radiografía y 0% para radiovisiografía). Discusión: Este es el primer estudio que evalúa la reproducibilidad y validez de estas dos técnicas radiográficas comparadas con la CBCT para la detección de variaciones anatómicas en dientes. Conclusiones: La radiografía con placa de fósforo presentó mayor reproducibilidad y validez para el diagnóstico de las Clase I y V de Vertucci, que fueron las variaciones más frecuentes.
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Fahrig R, Jaffray DA, Sechopoulos I, Webster Stayman J. Flat-panel conebeam CT in the clinic: history and current state. J Med Imaging (Bellingham) 2021; 8:052115. [PMID: 34722795 DOI: 10.1117/1.jmi.8.5.052115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Research into conebeam CT concepts began as soon as the first clinical single-slice CT scanner was conceived. Early implementations of conebeam CT in the 1980s focused on high-contrast applications where concurrent high resolution ( < 200 μ m ), for visualization of small contrast-filled vessels, bones, or teeth, was an imaging requirement that could not be met by the contemporaneous CT scanners. However, the use of nonlinear imagers, e.g., x-ray image intensifiers, limited the clinical utility of the earliest diagnostic conebeam CT systems. The development of consumer-electronics large-area displays provided a technical foundation that was leveraged in the 1990s to first produce large-area digital x-ray detectors for use in radiography and then compact flat panels suitable for high-resolution and high-frame-rate conebeam CT. In this review, we show the concurrent evolution of digital flat panel (DFP) technology and clinical conebeam CT. We give a brief summary of conebeam CT reconstruction, followed by a brief review of the correction approaches for DFP-specific artifacts. The historical development and current status of flat-panel conebeam CT in four clinical areas-breast, fixed C-arm, image-guided radiation therapy, and extremity/head-is presented. Advances in DFP technology over the past two decades have led to improved visualization of high-contrast, high-resolution clinical tasks, and image quality now approaches the soft-tissue contrast resolution that is the standard in clinical CT. Future technical developments in DFPs will enable an even broader range of clinical applications; research in the arena of flat-panel CT shows no signs of slowing down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Fahrig
- Innovation, Advanced Therapies, Siemens Healthcare GmbH, Forchheim, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander Universitat, Department of Computer Science 5, Erlangen, Germany
| | - David A Jaffray
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, Departments of Radiation Physics and Imaging Physics, Houston, Texas, United States
| | - Ioannis Sechopoulos
- Radboud University Medical Center, Department of Medical Imaging, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Dutch Expert Center for Screening (LRCB), Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,University of Twente, Technical Medical Center, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - J Webster Stayman
- Johns Hopkins University, Department of Biomedical Engineering, Baltimore, Maryland, United States
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Okkesim A, Sezen Erhamza T. Assessment of mandibular ramus for sex determination: Retrospective study. J Oral Biol Craniofac Res 2020; 10:569-572. [PMID: 32939335 DOI: 10.1016/j.jobcr.2020.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 07/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The determination of sex is as a keystone in the identification. The skull is considered the second-best mark of gender determination. However in cases where a complete dry skull is not found, the mandible may play an important role in gender estimation as it is the most dimorphic, largest, and strongest bone of the skull. Studies showed cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) found better than traditional methods. The using of CBCT device can obtain undistorted and good-quality 3D images with a low radiation dose.In this study, it was purposed to measure the morphometric parameters of the 3D mandible models in the Central Anatolian Turkish population and to evaluate the effectiveness of measurements in gender determination. Method The study was consisted of 70 individuals (35 males, 35 females; mean age 24,69 ± 2,85 years). Linear parameters were measured in mm using the mouse-driven method. The measurements were recorded from the both of right and left side. Acquired measurements between groups were evaluated with Student t-test. Results In the present study five different parameters of mandible were measured and mean values were determined. It was found that all variable of mandibular ramus on CBCT models showed a statistically significant difference among the sex (p < 0.05). Conclusions Mandibular ramus measurements can be useful tool for sex determination. These results propose that the mandible describes sexual dimorphism in the modern adult Central Anatolian Turkish population. However further studies with larger populations are needed to reveal this relation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alime Okkesim
- Department of Oral Diagnosis and Radiology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mersin University, Mersin, Turkey
| | - Türkan Sezen Erhamza
- Department of Orthodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, Kirikkale University, Kirikkale, Turkey
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Portelli M, Militi A, Lo Giudice A, Lo Giudice R, Rustico L, Fastuca R, Nucera R. 3D Assessment of Endodontic Lesions with a Low-Dose CBCT Protocol. Dent J (Basel) 2020; 8:dj8020051. [PMID: 32414199 PMCID: PMC7345315 DOI: 10.3390/dj8020051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2020] [Revised: 04/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is often used in different fields of dental science, especially in complex anatomical districts like the endodontic one. The aim of this study is to propose a low-dose CBCT protocol useful in cases of endodontic lesions. Methods: The device used was a MyRay Hyperion X9-11x5; the low dose setting of the machine was 90 Kv, 27 mAs, CTDI/Vol 2.89 mGy. The absorbed organ doses have been evaluated with an anthropomorphic phantom loaded with thermoluminescent dosimeters positioned at the level of sensitive organs like brain, bone marrow, salivary glands, thyroid, esophagus, oral mucosa, extrathoracic airways, and lymph nodes. Equivalent and effective doses have been calculated; the last one has been calculated using the recommendations approved by the Main Commission of ICRP (International Commission Radiological Protection) in March 2007. For the assessment of image quality, five senior clinicians, independent and experienced clinicians, were asked to state if CBCT scans were accurate enough to assess endodontic lesions. Results: The use of a low-dose CBCT acquisition produced the lowest organ dose (5.01 microSv) at the level of the esophagus. Image quality has been considered accurate enough for endodontic diagnostic needs. Conclusions: CBCT low-dose protocol can be used over the standard one in endodontic special cases because it provides a significantly lower radiation dose to the patients while ensuring good image quality. However, further studies are necessary to evaluate the opportunity of low-dose CBCT exams in endodontic clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Portelli
- Dept. of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.G.); (R.L.G.); (L.R.); (R.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +0039090/2216910; Fax: +0039090/2216911
| | - Angela Militi
- Dept. of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.G.); (R.L.G.); (L.R.); (R.N.)
| | - Antonino Lo Giudice
- Dept. of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.G.); (R.L.G.); (L.R.); (R.N.)
| | - Roberto Lo Giudice
- Dept. of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.G.); (R.L.G.); (L.R.); (R.N.)
| | - Lorenzo Rustico
- Dept. of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.G.); (R.L.G.); (L.R.); (R.N.)
| | - Rosamaria Fastuca
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, School of Medicine, University of Insubria, Via G. Piatti 10, 21100 Varese, Italy;
| | - Riccardo Nucera
- Dept. of Biomedical, Dental Science and Morphological and Functional Images Dental School, Faculty of Medicine, University of Messina, 98100 Messina, Italy; (A.M.); (A.L.G.); (R.L.G.); (L.R.); (R.N.)
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Park CW, Kim JH, Seo YK, Lee SR, Kang JH, Oh SH, Kim GT, Choi YS, Hwang EH. Volumetric accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography. Imaging Sci Dent 2017; 47:165-174. [PMID: 28989899 PMCID: PMC5620461 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2017.47.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2017] [Revised: 05/16/2017] [Accepted: 06/01/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was performed to investigate the influence of object shape and distance from the center of the image on the volumetric accuracy of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) scans, according to different parameters of tube voltage and current. Materials and Methods Four geometric objects (cylinder, cube, pyramid, and hexagon) with predefined dimensions were fabricated. The objects consisted of Teflon-perfluoroalkoxy embedded in a hydrocolloid matrix (Dupli-Coe-Loid TM; GC America Inc., Alsip, IL, USA), encased in an acrylic resin cylinder assembly. An Alphard Vega Dental CT system (Asahi Roentgen Ind. Co., Ltd, Kyoto, Japan) was used to acquire CBCT images. OnDemand 3D (CyberMed Inc., Seoul, Korea) software was used for object segmentation and image analysis. The accuracy was expressed by the volume error (VE). The VE was calculated under 3 different exposure settings. The measured volumes of the objects were compared to the true volumes for statistical analysis. Results The mean VE ranged from −4.47% to 2.35%. There was no significant relationship between an object's shape and the VE. A significant correlation was found between the distance of the object to the center of the image and the VE. Tube voltage affected the volume measurements and the VE, but tube current did not. Conclusion The evaluated CBCT device provided satisfactory volume measurements. To assess volume measurements, it might be sufficient to use serial scans with a high resolution, but a low dose. This information may provide useful guidance for assessing volume measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheol-Woo Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Ho Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu-Kyeong Seo
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sae-Rom Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ju-Hee Kang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Song-Hee Oh
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Gyu-Tae Kim
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Suk Choi
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Eui-Hwan Hwang
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, Seoul, Korea
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Chinem LAS, Vilella BDS, Maurício CLDP, Canevaro LV, Deluiz LF, Vilella ODV. Digital orthodontic radiographic set versus cone-beam computed tomography: an evaluation of the effective dose. Dental Press J Orthod 2017; 21:66-72. [PMID: 27653266 PMCID: PMC5029318 DOI: 10.1590/2177-6709.21.4.066-072.oar] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The aim of this study was to compare the equivalent and effective doses of different digital radiographic methods (panoramic, lateral cephalometric and periapical) with cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Methods: Precalibrated thermoluminescent dosimeters were placed at 24 locations in an anthropomorphic phantom (Alderson Rando Phantom, Alderson Research Laboratories, New York, NY, USA), representing a medium sized adult. The following devices were tested: Heliodent Plus (Sirona Dental Systems, Bernsheim, Germany), Orthophos XG 5 (Sirona Dental Systems, Bernsheim, Germany) and i-CAT (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA, USA). The equivalent doses and effective doses were calculated considering the recommendations of the International Commission of Radiological Protection (ICRP) issued in 1990 and 2007. Results: Although the effective dose of the radiographic set corresponded to 17.5% (ICRP 1990) and 47.2% (ICRP 2007) of the CBCT dose, the equivalent doses of skin, bone surface and muscle obtained by the radiographic set were higher when compared to CBCT. However, in some areas, the radiation produced by the orthodontic set was higher due to the complete periapical examination. Conclusion: Considering the optimization principle of radiation protection, i-CAT tomography should be used only in specific and justified circumstances. Additionally, following the ALARA principle, single periapical radiographies covering restricted areas are more suitable than the complete periapical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Beatriz de Souza Vilella
- Professor, Graduate program in Orthodontics, Universidade Federal Fluminense (UFF), Niterói, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cláudia Lúcia de Pinho Maurício
- Professor, Graduate program in Radioprotection and Dosimetry, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria (IRD), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucia Viviana Canevaro
- Professor, Graduate program in Radioprotection and Dosimetry, Instituto de Radioproteção e Dosimetria (IRD), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Luiz Fernando Deluiz
- Professor, Graduate program in Radiology, Universidade Estácio de Sá (UNESA), Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Feragalli B, Rampado O, Abate C, Macrì M, Festa F, Stromei F, Caputi S, Guglielmi G. Cone beam computed tomography for dental and maxillofacial imaging: technique improvement and low-dose protocols. Radiol Med 2017; 122:581-588. [DOI: 10.1007/s11547-017-0758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2016] [Accepted: 03/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Abstract
With the advances in the field of imaging sciences, new methods have been developed in dental radiology. These include digital radiography, density analyzing methods, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), magnetic resonance imaging, ultrasound, and nuclear imaging techniques, which provide high-resolution detailed images of oral structures. The current review aims to critically elaborate the use of CBCT in endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harish Haridas
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, PSM College of Dental Sciences and Research, Akkikavu, Trichur, Kerala, India
| | - Abarajithan Mohan
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Medak, Telangana, India
| | | | - Kranti K R Ealla
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, MNR Dental College and Hospital, Medak, Telangana, India
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Tadinada A, Marczak A, Yadav S, Mukherjee PM. Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics: A Review. Turk J Orthod 2016; 29:73-79. [PMID: 30112478 DOI: 10.5152/turkjorthod.2016.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2016] [Accepted: 04/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) is being extensively used in orthodontics for diagnostic and treatment planning, especially in complex clinical conditions. The objective of this study was to review the English language literature for current applications and trends of CBCT in orthodontic diagnosis and treatment. Several electronic databases were searched with the primary words: "orthodontics and radiography" and "cone beam computed tomography" or "CBCT." Abstracts that appeared to fulfill our inclusion criteria were selected, and the complete articles were obtained. Twenty-eight abstracts initially met our search criteria, and 12 were selected for the review. Ten articles were later added to the list after hand searching the references. It was concluded that there is a need for prospective randomized clinical trials to evaluate the risk/benefit ratio of CBCT, such as higher cost, greater risk for radiation dose (compared to digital panoramic and cephalograms) versus superior diagnosis and treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Tadinada
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, University of Connecticut, School of Dental Medicine Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Alana Marczak
- School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, Conn, USA
| | - Sumit Yadav
- Division of Orthodontics, University of Connecticut, School of Dental Medicine Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Padma M Mukherjee
- Division of Orthodontics, Rutgers School of Dental Medicine, Newark, NJ, USA
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Xu J, Sisniega A, Zbijewski W, Dang H, Stayman JW, Wang X, Foos DH, Aygun N, Koliatsos VE, Siewerdsen JH. Evaluation of detector readout gain mode and bowtie filters for cone-beam CT imaging of the head. Phys Med Biol 2016; 61:5973-92. [PMID: 27435162 DOI: 10.1088/0031-9155/61/16/5973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The effects of detector readout gain mode and bowtie filters on cone-beam CT (CBCT) image quality and dose were characterized for a new CBCT system developed for point-of-care imaging of the head, with potential application to diagnosis of traumatic brain injury, intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), and stroke. A detector performance model was extended to include the effects of detector readout gain on electronic digitization noise. The noise performance for high-gain (HG), low-gain (LG), and dual-gain (DG) detector readout was evaluated, and the benefit associated with HG mode in regions free from detector saturation was quantified. Such benefit could be realized (without detector saturation) either via DG mode or by incorporation of a bowtie filter. Therefore, three bowtie filters were investigated that varied in thickness and curvature. A polyenergetic gain correction method was developed to equalize the detector response between the flood-field and projection data in the presence of a bowtie. The effect of bowtie filters on dose, scatter-to-primary ratio, contrast, and noise was quantified in phantom studies, and results were compared to a high-speed Monte Carlo (MC) simulation to characterize x-ray scatter and dose distributions in the head. Imaging in DG mode improved the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR) by ~15% compared to LG mode at a dose (D 0, measured at the center of a 16 cm CTDI phantom) of 19 mGy. MC dose calculations agreed with CTDI measurements and showed that bowtie filters reduce peripheral dose by as much as 50% at the same central dose. Bowtie filters were found to increase the CNR per unit square-root dose near the center of the image by ~5-20% depending on bowtie thickness, but reduced CNR in the periphery by ~10-40%. Images acquired at equal CTDIw with and without a bowtie demonstrated a 24% increase in CNR at the center of an anthropomorphic head phantom. Combining a thick bowtie filter with a short arc (180° + fan angle) scan centered on the posterior of the head reduced dose to the eye lens by up to 90%. Acquisition in DG mode (without a bowtie filter) was beneficial to the detection of small, low contrast lesions (e.g. subtle ICH) in CBCT. While bowtie filters were found to reduce dose, mitigate sensor saturation at the periphery in HG mode, and improve CNR at the center of the image, the image quality at the periphery was slightly reduced compared to DG mode, and the use of a bowtie required careful implementation of the polyenergetic flood-field correction to avoid artifacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Xu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA
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Park Y, Cho Y, Mah J, Ahn J. Assessment of anterior-posterior jaw relationships in Korean adults using the nasion true vertical plane in cone-beam computed tomography images. Korean J Orthod 2016; 46:163-70. [PMID: 27226962 PMCID: PMC4879319 DOI: 10.4041/kjod.2016.46.3.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective The aims of this study were to investigate a simple method for assessing anterior-posterior jaw relationships via cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images taken in the natural head position (NHP) relative to the nasion true vertical plane (NTVP), and measure normative data in Korean adults with normal profiles. Methods Subjects were selected from patients presenting for third molar extraction and evaluated as having normal profiles by three examiners. The CBCT images of 80 subjects (39 males, 41 females) were taken in the NHP according to Solow and Tallgren's method. Linear measurements of the A-point, B-point, and Pog were calculated relative to the NTVP. Student's t-test was used to assess sexual differences in these measurements. Results The mean linear measurements of the A-point, B-point, and Pog relative to the NTVP were 0.18 mm (standard deviation [SD], 4.77 mm), −4.00 mm (SD, 6.62 mm), and −2.49 mm (SD, 7.14 mm) respectively in Korean males, and 1.48 mm (SD, 4.21 mm), −4.07 mm (SD, 6.70 mm) and −2.91 mm (SD, 7.25 mm) in Korean females respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between Korean males and females (p < 0.05). Conclusions Three-dimensional CBCT analysis using the NTVP is a simple and reliable method for assessing anterior-posterior skeletal relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youngju Park
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Youngserk Cho
- Department of Orthodontics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - James Mah
- Graduate School of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Janghoon Ahn
- Department of Orthodontics, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Seoul, Korea
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Abella F, Morales K, Garrido I, Pascual J, Duran-Sindreu F, Roig M. Endodontic applications of cone beam computed tomography: case series and literature review. Giornale Italiano di Endodonzia 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gien.2015.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Dong H, Deng M, Wang W, Zhang J, Mu J, Zhu G. Sexual dimorphism of the mandible in a contemporary Chinese Han population. Forensic Sci Int 2015; 255:9-15. [PMID: 26146162 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2015] [Revised: 05/19/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A present limitation of forensic anthropology practice in China is the lack of population-specific criteria on contemporary human skeletons. In this study, a sample of 203 maxillofacial Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) images, including 96 male and 107 female cases (20-65 years old), was analyzed to explore mandible sexual dimorphism in a population of contemporary adult Han Chinese to investigate the potential use of the mandible as sex indicator. A three-dimensional image from mandible CBCT scans was reconstructed using the SimPlant Pro 11.40 software. Nine linear and two angular parameters were measured. Discriminant function analysis (DFA) and logistic regression analysis (LRA) were used to develop the mathematics models for sex determination. All of the linear measurements studied and one angular measurement were found to be sexually dimorphic, with the maximum mandibular length and bi-condylar breadth being the most dimorphic by univariate DFA and LRA respectively. The cross-validated sex allocation accuracies on multivariate were ranged from 84.2% (direct DFA), 83.5% (direct LRA), 83.3% (stepwise DFA) to 80.5% (stepwise LRA). In general, multivariate DFA yielded a higher accuracy and LRA obtained a lower sex bias, and therefore both DFA and LRA had their own advantages for sex determination by the mandible in this sample. These results suggest that the mandible expresses sexual dimorphism in the contemporary adult Han Chinese population, indicating an excellent sexual discriminatory ability. Cone beam computed tomography scanning can be used as alternative source for contemporary osteometric techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongmei Dong
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China.
| | - Mohong Deng
- Department of Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery, Key Lab for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, PR China
| | - WenPeng Wang
- Environmental and Occupational Health Section, Shanghai Pudong New Area Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Pudong, Shanghai 200136, PR China
| | - Ji Zhang
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Jiao Mu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, PR China
| | - Guanghui Zhu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, Guangdong 515041, PR China
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Nikneshan S, Aval SH, Bakhshalian N, Shahab S, Mohammadpour M, Sarikhani S. Accuracy of linear measurement using cone-beam computed tomography at different reconstruction angles. Imaging Sci Dent 2014; 44:257-62. [PMID: 25473632 PMCID: PMC4245466 DOI: 10.5624/isd.2014.44.4.257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2013] [Revised: 07/16/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose This study was performed to evaluate the effect of changing the orientation of a reconstructed image on the accuracy of linear measurements using cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT). Materials and Methods Forty-two titanium pins were inserted in seven dry sheep mandibles. The length of these pins was measured using a digital caliper with readability of 0.01 mm. Mandibles were radiographed using a CBCT device. When the CBCT images were reconstructed, the orientation of slices was adjusted to parallel (i.e., 0°), +10°, +12°, -12°, and -10° with respect to the occlusal plane. The length of the pins was measured by three radiologists, and the accuracy of these measurements was reported using descriptive statistics and one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA); p<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results The differences in radiographic measurements ranged from -0.64 to +0.06 at the orientation of -12°, -0.66 to -0.11 at -10°, -0.51 to +0.19 at 0°, -0.64 to +0.08 at +10°, and -0.64 to +0.1 at +12°. The mean absolute values of the errors were greater at negative orientations than at the parallel position or at positive orientations. The observers underestimated most of the variables by 0.5-0.1 mm (83.6%). In the second set of observations, the reproducibility at all orientations was greater than 0.9. Conclusion Changing the slice orientation in the range of -12° to +12° reduced the accuracy of linear measurements obtained using CBCT. However, the error value was smaller than 0.5 mm and was, therefore, clinically acceptable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sima Nikneshan
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shadi Hamidi Aval
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Neema Bakhshalian
- Department of Advanced Periodontology, School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Shahriyar Shahab
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Shahed University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdis Mohammadpour
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Soodeh Sarikhani
- Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Radiology, School of Dentistry, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Golestan, Iran
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Patel S, Durack C, Abella F, Shemesh H, Roig M, Lemberg K. Cone beam computed tomography in Endodontics - a review. Int Endod J 2014; 48:3-15. [DOI: 10.1111/iej.12270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 02/14/2014] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S. Patel
- Department of Conservative Dentistry; King's College London Dental Institute; London & Specialist Practice, London UK
| | - C. Durack
- Riverpoint Specialist Dental Clinic; Limerick Ireland
| | - F. Abella
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics; Section for Endodontology; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - H. Shemesh
- Academic Center for Dentistry Amsterdam (ACTA); Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - M. Roig
- Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontics; Section for Endodontology; Universitat Internacional de Catalunya; Barcelona Spain
| | - K. Lemberg
- Institute of Dentistry and Oral Radiology; University of Helsinki; Helsinki Finland
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Daróz SR, Cardoso ES, Manso MC, Vidigal GM. Evaluation of bone width lateral to the mandibular canal as an alternative approach for implant installation. IMPLANT DENT. 2013;22:97-101. [PMID: 23303270 DOI: 10.1097/id.0b013e31827e8640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The objective of the present study was to realize an indirect morphometric evaluation of bone thickness lateral to the mandibular canal. MATERIAL AND METHODS In 30 partially or totally edentulous dry jaws, the first and second molar areas were analyzed using computed tomography. RESULTS The findings indicated that 28.33% of the sites could be considered for the installation of a standard 3.75-mm-diameter implant laterally between the mandibular canal and its bony counterpart. CONCLUSION Implant installation in the posterior mandible region, lateral to the mandibular canal, is an alternative to more complex techniques, such as vertical ridge augmentation.
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Katayama K, Yamaguchi T, Sugiura M, Haga S, Maki K. Evaluation of mandibular volume using cone-beam computed tomography and correlation with cephalometric values. Angle Orthod 2013; 84:337-42. [PMID: 23985034 DOI: 10.2319/012913-87.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the association between maxillofacial morphology and mandibular bone volume in patients with skeletal malocclusion. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects were 118 adult Japanese (58 males and 60 females). Skeletal malocclusion was classified, based on cephalometric analysis, into skeletal Classes I (-1° ≤ ANB < 4°), II (ANB ≥ 4°), and III (ANB < -1°). Using cone-beam computed tomography and three-dimensional image analysis software, the dental crowns and mandible were separated, with only the mandible extracted. This was then reconstructed as a three-dimensional model, from which the mandibular volume was measured. RESULTS No significant difference in mandibular volume was noted among skeletal Classes I, II, and III, nor was there any significant correlation between mandibular volume and the ANB, SNB, or mandibular plane angles. There was occasional and limited correlation between mandible volume and gonial angle and certain cephalometric distance parameters. CONCLUSION We conclude that proper understanding of the three-dimensional maxillofacial morphology requires not only cephalometric radiographic tracings but also high-resolution analysis of the mandibular area, width, and volume.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koshu Katayama
- a Graduate student, Department of Orthodontics, School of Dentistry, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan
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Tian YY, Guo B, Zhang R, Yu X, Wang H, Hu T, Dummer PMH. Root and canal morphology of maxillary first premolars in a Chinese subpopulation evaluated using cone-beam computed tomography. Int Endod J 2012; 45:996-1003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2591.2012.02059.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Fleiner J, Hannig C, Schulze D, Stricker A, Jacobs R. Digital method for quantification of circumferential periodontal bone level using cone beam CT. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 17:389-96. [PMID: 22431146 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-012-0715-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 03/04/2012] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective of this study is to develop a new approach for radiographically measuring circumferential periodontal bone level using cone beam CT (CBCT) data. Accuracy and precision were assessed using direct probe measurements on a human skull as a reference. MATERIALS AND METHODS Digital quantification of circumferential periodontal bone levels was conducted considering bone level measurements, infrabony crater, and furcation detection. For this purpose, a human bony cadaver skull with a restoration free dentition was used, showing periodontal bony defects of teeth 15-17,25-27,35-37,45-47 (FDI classification). Image datasets were acquired using a Promax 3D CBCT device (Planmeca Oy, Helsinki, Finland) at 80 kV and 8 mA, 160 μm voxel size. Circumferential radiographic measurements between cemento-enamel junction and the alveolar crest for the mesial, central, and distal bone levels on the oral and vestibular sides of the examined teeth were carried out based on a prototype of specifically developed software. The measurements were performed by an expert panel of three independent, calibrated, and blinded observers. Manual probe measurements of the periodontal bone loss served as reference standard. RESULTS The adopted software allowed the quantification of periodontal bone loss at all examined teeth. Overall deviation between radiographic and manual measurements of the observers ranged between 0.36 and 0.69 mm; hereby, 83 % of all results were <0.5 mm. Comparing overall accuracy between the ten turns of radiological measurements, accuracy for all observers ranged from 0.29 to 0.46 mm. The present study design showed a 100 % detection of furcation involvement for radiographic evaluation. CONCLUSIONS The adoption of a special measurement procedure in terms of a 3D coordinate system, which is placed through and perpendicular to the long axis of the tooth, allows consistent measurement positions of the mesial, central, and distal bone levels both for the oral and vestibular sides of the alveolar crest. In this way, reliable and reproducible quantification of circumferential periodontal bone loss using CBCT data with standardized resolution of 160 μm can be performed in all three dimensions. CLINICAL RELEVANCE This new approach of radiographically assessing circumferential periodontal bone level using CBCT data shows a first promising attempt of accurate detection of periodontal bony defects. Yet, possible negative impact of further clinical parameters in terms of artifact occurrence will have to be furthermore carefully investigated.
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Abstract
Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is a contemporary, radiological imaging system designed specifically for use on the maxillo-facial skeleton. The system overcomes many of the limitations of conventional radiography by producing undistorted, three-dimensional images of the area under examination. These properties make this form of imaging particularly suitable for use in endodontics. The clinician can obtain an enhanced appreciation of the anatomy being assessed, leading to an improvement in the detection of endodontic disease and resulting in more effective treatment planning. In addition, CBCT operates with a significantly lower effective radiation dose when compared with conventional computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this paper is to review the current literature relating to the limitations and potential applications of CBCT in endodontic practice.
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Panzarella FK, Junqueira JLC, Oliveira LB, de Araújo NS, Costa C. Accuracy assessment of the axial images obtained from cone beam computed tomography. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2011; 40:369-78. [PMID: 21831977 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/88722046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to evaluate accuracy of linear measurements assessed from axial tomograms and the influence of the use of different protocols in two cone beam CT (CBCT) units. METHODS A cylinder object consisting of Nylon® (Day Brazil, Sao Paulo, Brazil) with radiopaque markers was radiographically examined applying different protocols from NewTom 3G(TM) (Quantitative Radiology s.r.l, Verona, Veneto, Italy) and i-CAT(TM) (Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, PA) units. Horizontal (A-B) and vertical (C-D) distances were assessed from axial tomograms and measured using a digital calliper that provided the gold standard for actual values. RESULTS There were differences when considering acquisition protocols to each CBCT unit. Concerning all analysed protocols from i-CAT(TM) and Newtom 3G(TM), both A-B and C-D distances presented underestimated values. Measurements of the axial images obtained from NewTom 3G(TM) (6 inch 0.16 mm and 9 inch 0.25 mm) were similar to the ones obtained from i-CAT(TM) (13 cm 20 s 0.3 mm, 13 cm 20 s 0.4 mm and 13 cm 40 s 0.25 mm). CONCLUSION The use of different protocols from CBCT machines influences linear measurements assessed from axial images. Linear distances were underestimated in both equipments. Our findings suggest that the best protocol for the i-CAT(TM) is 13 cm 20 s 0.3 mm and for the NewTom 3G(TM), the use of 6 inch or 9 inch is recommended.
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Abstract
Lingual mandibular bone defect, also known as Stafne bone cavity, is mostly seen in the posterior portion of the mandible. Inclusions in the anterior portion are very unusual, with around 50 cases reported in the English-language literature. They are often asymptomatic conditions diagnosed during a routine radiographic examination. This article describes a case of anterior Stafne bone cavity in a 52-year-old man mistaken for periapical pathologic defect and referred for treatment. In addition to clinical examination, the patient was imaged using conventional periapical, panoramic radiography, and computed tomography. Confirmation of the salivary gland tissue in the lingual mandibular defect was made with the histopathologic examination after surgical intervention. The differential diagnoses, treatment choices, and pathogenesis of these bone cavities are also discussed after the case presentation along with the literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kıvanc Turkoglu
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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Yitschaky O, Redlich M, Abed Y, Faerman M, Casap N, Hiller N. Comparison of common hard tissue cephalometric measurements between computed tomography 3D reconstruction and conventional 2D cephalometric images. Angle Orthod 2011; 81:11-16. [PMID: 20936949 DOI: 10.2319/031710-157.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare cephalostat two-dimensional (2D) measurements to 3D computed tomography (CT) measurements in order to determine the compatibility of CT landmarks identification for orthodontic purposes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Ten human skulls were x-rayed in conventional lateral cephalogram and then scanned with spiral CT. Twenty-eight linear and angular cephalometric measurements were registered on the 2D lateral cephalogram and compared to the same measurement on the 3D CT scan. Significance of the results was determined by t-test for paired differences (P < .05). RESULTS No difference was found between 2D and 3D images for linear or ratio measurements. As for the angular cephalometric measurements, only the sella turcica dependent measurements, showed significant difference between 2D and 3D. CONCLUSIONS The compatibility of using most of the common orthodontic examined cephalometric measurements on 3D volume rendered image was proven except for the angular measurements that included sella anatomic landmark.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oded Yitschaky
- Department of Orthodontics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
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De Vos W, Casselman J, Swennen GRJ. Cone-beam computerized tomography (CBCT) imaging of the oral and maxillofacial region: A systematic review of the literature. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 38:609-25. [PMID: 19464146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2009.02.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 471] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 02/27/2009] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- W De Vos
- Division of Maxillo-Facial Surgery, Department of Surgery, General Hospital St-Jan Bruges, Bruges, Belgium
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Swennen G, Mommaerts M, Abeloos J, De Clercq C, Lamoral P, Neyt N, Casselman J, Schutyser F. A cone-beam CT based technique to augment the 3D virtual skull model with a detailed dental surface. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2009; 38:48-57. [PMID: 19118978 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2008.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2007] [Revised: 07/30/2008] [Accepted: 11/03/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Eggers G, Klein J, Welzel T, Mühling J. Geometric accuracy of digital volume tomography and conventional computed tomography. Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2008; 46:639-44. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bjoms.2008.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/31/2008] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Ballrick JW, Palomo JM, Ruch E, Amberman BD, Hans MG. Image distortion and spatial resolution of a commercially available cone-beam computed tomography machine. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 134:573-82. [PMID: 18929276 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.11.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2007] [Revised: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Our objective was to evaluate images produced by a commercially available cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) machine (i-CAT model 9140-0035-000C, Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pa) for measurement and spatial resolution (ie, the ability to separate 2 objects in close proximity in the image) for all settings and in all dimensions. METHODS A custom phantom containing 0.3 mm diameter chromium metal markers approximately 5 mm apart in 3 planes of space was developed for analyzing distortion and measurement accuracy. This phantom was scanned in the CBCT machine by using all 12 commercially available settings. The distance between the markers was measured 3 times on the 3-dimensional images by using a Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) viewer and was also measured 3 times directly on the phantom with a fine-tipped digital caliper. A line-pair phantom was used to evaluate spatial resolution. Thirty evaluators analyzed images and assigned a resolution from 0.2 to 1.6 mm according to the separation of the line pairs. RESULTS There were no statistically significant differences among the 3-dimensional images for any setting, in any dimension, or in images divided by thirds in terms of measurement accuracy. Comparison of the CBCT measurements to the direct digital caliper measurements showed a statistically significant difference (P <0.01). However, the absolute difference was <0.1 mm and is probably not clinically significant for most applications. The worst spatial resolution found was 0.86 mm. Spatial resolution was lower at faster scan times and larger voxel sizes. CONCLUSIONS This CBCT machine has clinically accurate measurements and acceptable resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- John W Ballrick
- School of Dental Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA
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Yamashina A, Tanimoto K, Sutthiprapaporn P, Hayakawa Y. The reliability of computed tomography (CT) values and dimensional measurements of the oropharyngeal region using cone beam CT: comparison with multidetector CT. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37:245-51. [PMID: 18606745 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/45926904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To evaluate the reliability of cone beam CT (CBCT) values and dimensional measurements of oropharyngeal air spaces as compared with those of multidetector row CT (MDCT). METHODS A soft tissue equivalent phantom with different sized holes was used. The phantom was scanned using CBCT and MDCT. In addition, a volunteer was examined using both methods for clinical comparison. The CT data were retrieved to a personal computer and treated using image processing software for three-dimensional rendering and dimensional measurements. The CT values of air, water and soft tissues were measured experimentally and the CT values of air, fat and muscle were measured in a clinical case. The diameter of each hole drilled in the phantom was measured on CBCT and MDCT images using the software tool and digimatic callipers. RESULTS The CBCT values were quite different from the Hounsfield units obtained with a typical MDCT system. The standard deviations were almost ten times larger with CBCT. In vivo assessment showed that the CBCT values for fat had a wide range that partially overlapped the values for muscle. The measurement of distances greater than 4 mm was consistent for all methods. The difference for holes was less than 0.2 mm. CONCLUSIONS The phantom study showed that CBCT provides limited quantitative CT values for each pixel on sliced images for differentiating air, water and soft tissues. However, the measurement of air spaces with CBCT was quite accurate.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Yamashina
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Hiroshima University, Japan
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Abstract
The practitioner placing dental implants has many options with respect to pre-implant radiographic assessment of the jaws. The advantages and disadvantages of the imaging modalities currently available for pre-implant imaging are discussed in some detail. Intra-oral and extra-oral radiographs are generally low dose but the information provided is limited as the images are not three-dimensional. Tomography is three-dimensional, but the image quality is highly variable. Computed tomography (CT) has been the gold standard for many years as the information provided is three-dimensional and generally very accurate. However, CT examinations are expensive and deliver a relatively high radiation dose to the patient. The latest imaging modality introduced is cone beam volumetric tomography (CBVT) and this technology is very promising with regard to pre-implant imaging. CBVT generally delivers a lower dose to the patient than CT and provides reasonably sharp images with three-dimensional information. A comparison between CT and CBVT is provided. Magnetic resonance imaging is showing some promise, but the examinations are not readily available, generally expensive and bone is not well imaged. Magnetic resonance imaging is excellent for demonstrating soft tissues and therefore may be of great use in identifying the inferior dental nerve and vessels. All of the above technology is of little value if the information required is not obtained and so information is also provided on imaging of some of the vital structures. Of particular interest is the inferior dental canal, incisive canals of the mandible, genial foramina and canals, maxillary sinus and the incisive canal and foramen of the maxilla.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A Monsour
- X-Ray Department, School of Dentistry, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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Caloss R, Atkins K, Stella JP. Three-dimensional imaging for virtual assessment and treatment simulation in orthognathic surgery. Oral Maxillofac Surg Clin North Am 2007; 19:287-309, v. [PMID: 18088886 DOI: 10.1016/j.coms.2007.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Conventional two-dimensional imaging for assessing and treatment planning orthognathic surgery has limitations. Three-dimensional imaging offers the ability to more accurately portray maxillofacial anatomy. Three-dimensional CT-based models can be generated for assessment of the dentofacial deformity. Interactive software can simulate surgical moves and algorithms can predict the three-dimensional soft tissue changes that will occur. This will inevitably effect diagnosis and treatment planning for orthognathic surgery in the future.
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Hirsch E, Wolf U, Heinicke F, Silva MAG. Dosimetry of the cone beam computed tomography Veraviewepocs 3D compared with the 3D Accuitomo in different fields of view. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37:268-73. [DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/23424132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Silva MAG, Wolf U, Heinicke F, Bumann A, Visser H, Hirsch E. Cone-beam computed tomography for routine orthodontic treatment planning: a radiation dose evaluation. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2008; 133:640.e1-5. [PMID: 18456133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2007] [Revised: 11/01/2007] [Accepted: 11/01/2007] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Because of the advantages and possibilities of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), orthodontists use this method routinely for patient assessment. The aim of this study was to compare the radiation doses for conventional panoramic and cephalometric imaging with the doses for 2 different CBCT units and a multi-slice CT unit in orthodontic practice. METHODS The absorbed organ doses were measured by using an anthropomorphic phantom loaded with thermoluminescent dosimeters at 16 sites related to sensitive organs. The 4 devices (Sirona DS Plus [Sirona Dental Systems, Bernsheim, Germany], i-CAT [Imaging Sciences International, Hatfield, Pa], NewTom DVT 9000 [QR, Verona, Italy], and Somatom Sensation [Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany]) were used with standard protocols and, when possible, in the auto-exposure mode. Equivalent and effective doses were calculated. The calculation of the effective doses was based on the International Commission on Radiological Protection's 2005 recommendations. RESULTS The lowest organ dose (13.1 microSv) was received by the thyroid gland during conventional panoramic and lateral cephalometric imaging. The highest mean organ dose (15,837.2 microSv) was received by the neck skin from the multi-slice CT. The effective dose was also lower for the panoramic and lateral cephalometric device (10.4 microSv), and highest for the multi-slice CT (429.7 microSv). CONCLUSIONS From a radiation-protection point of view, conventional images still deliver the lowest doses to patients. When 3-dimensional imaging is required in orthodontic practice, a CBCT should be preferred over a CT image. Further studies are necessary to justify the routine use of CBCT in orthodontic treatment planning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Alves Garcia Silva
- Department of Stomatologic Sciences, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Goiás, Goiás, Brazil.
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Stratemann SA, Huang JC, Maki K, Miller AJ, Hatcher DC. Comparison of cone beam computed tomography imaging with physical measures. Dentomaxillofac Radiol 2008; 37:80-93. [PMID: 18239035 DOI: 10.1259/dmfr/31349994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The goal of this study was to determine the accuracy of measuring linear distances between landmarks commonly used in orthodontic analysis on a human skull using two cone beam CT (CBCT) systems. METHODS Measurements of length were taken using volumetric data from two CBCT systems and were compared with physical measures using a calliper applied to one human adult skull. Landmarks were identified with chromium steel balls embedded at 32 cranial and 33 mandibular landmarks and the linear measures were taken with a digital calliper. The skull was then scanned with two different CBCT systems: the NewTom QR DVT 9000 (Aperio Inc, Sarasota, FL) and the Hitachi MercuRay (Hitachi Medico Technology, Tokyo, Japan). CT data including the landmark point data were threshold segmented using CyberMed's CB Works software (CB Works 1.0, CyberMed Inc., Seoul, Korea). The resulting segmentations were exported from CB Works as VRML (WRL) files to Amira software (Amira 3.1, Mercury Computer Systems GmbH, Berlin, Germany). RESULTS The error was small compared with the gold standard of the physical calliper measures for both the NewTom (0.07+/-0.41 mm) and CB MercuRay (0.00+/-0.22 mm) generated data. Absolute error to the gold standard was slightly positive, indicating minor compression relative to the calliper measurement. The error was slightly smaller in the CB MercuRay than in the NewTom, probably related to a broader greyscale range for describing beam attenuation in 12-bit vs 8-bit data. CONCLUSIONS The volumetric data rendered with both CBCT systems provided highly accurate data compared with the gold standard of physical measures directly from the skulls, with less than 1% relative error.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Stratemann
- Division of Orthodontics, Department of Orofacial Sciences, School of Dentistry, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, CA 94143-0438, USA
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Eggers G, Welzel T, Mukhamadiev D, Wörtche R, Hassfeld S, Mühling J. X-ray-based volumetric imaging of foreign bodies: a comparison of computed tomography and digital volume tomography. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2007; 65:1880-5. [PMID: 17719420 DOI: 10.1016/j.joms.2006.09.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/27/2006] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Eggers
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Garib DG, Raymundo Jr. R, Raymundo MV, Raymundo DV, Ferreira SN. Tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico (Cone beam): entendendo este novo método de diagnóstico por imagem com promissora aplicabilidade na Ortodontia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-54192007000200018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJETIVO: este artigo visa informar e atualizar o profissional da área odontológica a respeito da tomografia computadorizada, incluindo informações concernentes à aquisição de imagens, dose de radiação e interpretação do exame tomográfico, com distinção entre a tomografia computadorizada tradicional e a tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico. Adicionalmente, as possibilidades de aplicação deste método de diagnóstico por imagem na Ortodontia são discutidas. CONCLUSÕES: resultado de avanços tecnológicos, da redução da exposição à radiação e da ótima qualidade da imagem, as expectativas apontam para uma utilização mais abrangente da tomografia computadorizada de feixe cônico na Odontologia e na Ortodontia. Com a definição de novos conhecimentos gerados pela visão tridimensional do crânio e da face, o futuro reserva a renovação de conceitos e paradigmas, assim como a redefinição de metas e planos terapêuticos ortodônticos.
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Farman AG, Scarfe WC. Development of imaging selection criteria and procedures should precede cephalometric assessment with cone-beam computed tomography. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 130:257-65. [PMID: 16905073 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 109] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2005] [Revised: 10/03/2005] [Accepted: 10/04/2005] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) systems for craniofacial imaging are now available from several manufacturers. CBCT potentially provides opportunities for 3-dimensional cephalometrics in orthodontic assessment of bony landmarks and air-bounded surfaces such as the facial skin. Two-dimensional cephalogram simulation could facilitate the transfer of growth projections from existing data sets as a starting point for use of a new 3-dimensional paradigm. Three methods are described to simulate conventional 2-dimensional cephalograms from CBCT images and volumetric data sets. However, certain precautions are required to assure that selection criteria and imaging parameters guarantee a radiation dose that is as low as reasonably achievable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allan G Farman
- Department of Surgical and Hospital Dentistry, School of Dentistry, University of Louisville, Louisville, Ky 40292, USA.
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Farman AG, Scarfe WC, Hilgers MJ, Bida O, Moshiri M, Sukovic P. Dentomaxillofacial cone-beam CT for orthodontic assessment. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 1281:1187-90. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ics.2005.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Foreign bodies occur as a sequela of trauma or therapeutic interventions. If the risks are not too high, therapy of choice is the removal of the foreign body. This is only possible if the existence of a foreign body is detected and it is localized accurately. METHODS The suitability of digital volume tomography (DVT) for the detection and localization of foreign bodies was investigated. Samples of various materials that are typically found as foreign bodies in the head and neck region were used. RESULTS All materials investigated are principally detectable with DVT. Highly radiopaque material was detectable down to small sizes. The detectability of less radiopaque substances like wood and resins was poor when located in soft tissue. CONCLUSION DVT is an appropriate tool for the detection of radiopaque foreign bodies. However, foreign bodies made of wood and resin, although detectable by DVT, can be missed when located in muscular tissue. The detectability decreases further when the foreign body is located adjacent to a highly radiopaque tissue like bone. This has to be taken into consideration when using DVT for foreign body detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Eggers
- Department of Oral and Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Heidelberg University Hospital, Im Neuenheimer Feld 400, 69120 Heidelberg, Germany.
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Maki K, Inou N, Takanishi A, Miller AJ. Computer-assisted simulations in orthodontic diagnosis and the application of a new cone beam X-ray computed tomography. Orthod Craniofac Res 2003; 6 Suppl 1:95-101; discussion 179-82. [PMID: 14606541 DOI: 10.1034/j.1600-0544.2003.241.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Computational simulations which include three-dimensional (3-D) image processing and biomechanical calculations should provide useful information to our research and orthodontic clinic as a clinical tool defined as 'thinking'. In this review, 1) biomechanical simulations applied to predict the mandibular growth; 2) mathematical models of virtual bone cells and 3) 3-D images and solid model simulations for surgical planning are introduced. In biomechanical simulation, biting force, electromyographic (EMG) activity and cephalograms of 32 subjects were applied. Computational results of mathematical model were compared with actual bone growth in a rat. Three-dimensional image and solid model of 14 patients were utilized for their treatment planning. From the results, several concepts of our simulations were confirmed: 1) reaction forces generated by masticatory muscles at the condyle control the direction of mandibular growth; 2) some mathematical models have the possibility to describe the process of bone growth; 3) 3-D image processing software and solid models are necessary for diagnosis and planning of orthognathic surgery. We also believe that the orthodontists can more accurately predict the affects of surgical procedures and orthodontic tooth movement using the new cone beam X-ray computed tomography (CT) (CB MercuRay; Hitachi Medico Technology, Tokyo, Japan) and its advanced application software.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Maki
- Department of Orthodontics, Showa University, Tokyo, Japan.
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