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Gao CQ, Zhou YK, Xin XH, Min H, Du PF. DDA-SKF: Predicting Drug-Disease Associations Using Similarity Kernel Fusion. Front Pharmacol 2022; 12:784171. [PMID: 35095495 PMCID: PMC8792612 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.784171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Drug repositioning provides a promising and efficient strategy to discover potential associations between drugs and diseases. Many systematic computational drug-repositioning methods have been introduced, which are based on various similarities of drugs and diseases. In this work, we proposed a new computational model, DDA-SKF (drug-disease associations prediction using similarity kernels fusion), which can predict novel drug indications by utilizing similarity kernel fusion (SKF) and Laplacian regularized least squares (LapRLS) algorithms. DDA-SKF integrated multiple similarities of drugs and diseases. The prediction performances of DDA-SKF are better, or at least comparable, to all state-of-the-art methods. The DDA-SKF can work without sufficient similarity information between drug indications. This allows us to predict new purpose for orphan drugs. The source code and benchmarking datasets are deposited in a GitHub repository (https://github.com/GCQ2119216031/DDA-SKF).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chu-Qiao Gao
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yuan-Ke Zhou
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiao-Hong Xin
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hui Min
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
| | - Pu-Feng Du
- College of Intelligence and Computing, Tianjin University, Tianjin, China
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2
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Maher T, Ahmad Raus R, Daddiouaissa D, Ahmad F, Adzhar NS, Latif ES, Abdulhafiz F, Mohammed A. Medicinal Plants with Anti-Leukemic Effects: A Review. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26092741. [PMID: 34066963 PMCID: PMC8124366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26092741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Revised: 04/30/2021] [Accepted: 05/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Leukemia is a leukocyte cancer that is characterized by anarchic growth of immature immune cells in the bone marrow, blood and spleen. There are many forms of leukemia, and the best course of therapy and the chance of a patient’s survival depend on the type of leukemic disease. Different forms of drugs have been used to treat leukemia. Due to the adverse effects associated with such therapies and drug resistance, the search for safer and more effective drugs remains one of the most challenging areas of research. Thus, new therapeutic approaches are important to improving outcomes. Almost half of the drugs utilized nowadays in treating cancer are from natural products and their derivatives. Medicinal plants have proven to be an effective natural source of anti-leukemic drugs. The cytotoxicity and the mechanisms underlying the toxicity of these plants to leukemic cells and their isolated compounds were investigated. Effort has been made throughout this comprehensive review to highlight the recent developments and milestones achieved in leukemia therapies using plant-derived compounds and the crude extracts from various medicinal plants. Furthermore, the mechanisms of action of these plants are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahani Maher
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; (T.M.); (R.A.R.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Raha Ahmad Raus
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; (T.M.); (R.A.R.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Djabir Daddiouaissa
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; (T.M.); (R.A.R.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
- International Institute for Halal Research and Training (INHART), Level 3, KICT Building, International Islamic University Malaysia (IIUM), Jalan Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia
| | - Farah Ahmad
- Biotechnology Engineering Department, Kulliyyah of Engineering, International Islamic University, Malaysia (IIUM), P.O. Box 10, Gombak, Kuala Lumpur 50728, Malaysia; (T.M.); (R.A.R.); (D.D.); (F.A.)
| | - Noor Suhana Adzhar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia, Pekan Pahang, Kuantan 26600, Malaysia;
| | - Elda Surhaida Latif
- Centre for Toxicology and Health Risk Studies (CORE), Faculty of Health Sciences, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Raja Muda Abdul Aziz, Kuala Lumpur 50300, Malaysia;
| | - Ferid Abdulhafiz
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan 17600, Malaysia;
| | - Arifullah Mohammed
- Faculty of Agro-Based Industry, Universiti Malaysia Kelantan, Jeli, Kelantan 17600, Malaysia;
- Correspondence:
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3
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Bates D, Eastman A. Microtubule destabilising agents: far more than just antimitotic anticancer drugs. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2016; 83:255-268. [PMID: 27620987 DOI: 10.1111/bcp.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2016] [Revised: 08/11/2016] [Accepted: 09/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Vinca alkaloids have been approved as anticancer drugs for more than 50 years. They have been classified as cytotoxic chemotherapy drugs that act during cellular mitosis, enabling them to target fast growing cancer cells. With the evolution of cancer drug development there has been a shift towards new "targeted" therapies to avoid the side effects and general toxicities of "cytotoxic chemotherapies" such as the vinca alkaloids. Due to their original classification, many have overlooked the fact that vinca alkaloids, taxanes and related drugs do have a specific molecular target: tubulin. They continue to be some of the most effective anticancer drugs, perhaps because their actions upon the microtubule network extend far beyond the ability to halt cells in mitosis, and include the induction of apoptosis at all phases of the cell cycle. In this review, we highlight the numerous cellular consequences of disrupting microtubule dynamics, expanding the textbook knowledge of microtubule destabilising agents and providing novel opportunities for their use in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Bates
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
| | - Alan Eastman
- Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Hanover, New Hampshire
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4
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Thorne N, Malik N, Shah S, Zhao J, Class B, Aguisanda F, Southall N, Xia M, McKew JC, Rao M, Zheng W. High-Throughput Phenotypic Screening of Human Astrocytes to Identify Compounds That Protect Against Oxidative Stress. Stem Cells Transl Med 2016; 5:613-27. [PMID: 27034412 PMCID: PMC4835244 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2015-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Astrocytes are the predominant cell type in the nervous system and play a significant role in maintaining neuronal health and homeostasis. Recently, astrocyte dysfunction has been implicated in the pathogenesis of many neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Astrocytes are thus an attractive new target for drug discovery for neurological disorders. Using astrocytes differentiated from human embryonic stem cells, we have developed an assay to identify compounds that protect against oxidative stress, a condition associated with many neurodegenerative diseases. This phenotypic oxidative stress assay has been optimized for high-throughput screening in a 1,536-well plate format. From a screen of approximately 4,100 bioactive tool compounds and approved drugs, we identified a set of 22 that acutely protect human astrocytes from the consequences of hydrogen peroxide-induced oxidative stress. Nine of these compounds were also found to be protective of induced pluripotent stem cell-differentiated astrocytes in a related assay. These compounds are thought to confer protection through hormesis, activating stress-response pathways and preconditioning astrocytes to handle subsequent exposure to hydrogen peroxide. In fact, four of these compounds were found to activate the antioxidant response element/nuclear factor-E2-related factor 2 pathway, a protective pathway induced by toxic insults. Our results demonstrate the relevancy and utility of using astrocytes differentiated from human stem cells as a disease model for drug discovery and development. SIGNIFICANCE Astrocytes play a key role in neurological diseases. Drug discovery efforts that target astrocytes can identify novel therapeutics. Human astrocytes are difficult to obtain and thus are challenging to use for high-throughput screening, which requires large numbers of cells. Using human embryonic stem cell-derived astrocytes and an optimized astrocyte differentiation protocol, it was possible to screen approximately 4,100 compounds in titration to identify 22 that are cytoprotective of astrocytes. This study is the largest-scale high-throughput screen conducted using human astrocytes, with a total of 17,536 data points collected in the primary screen. The results demonstrate the relevancy and utility of using astrocytes differentiated from human stem cells as a disease model for drug discovery and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natasha Thorne
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Nasir Malik
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Sonia Shah
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Biology, National Institute of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jean Zhao
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Bradley Class
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Francis Aguisanda
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Noel Southall
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Menghang Xia
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - John C McKew
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Mahendra Rao
- NIH Center for Regenerative Medicine, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
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5
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Bates D, Feris EJ, Danilov AV, Eastman A. Rapid induction of apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells by the microtubule disrupting agent BNC105. Cancer Biol Ther 2016; 17:291-9. [PMID: 26891146 DOI: 10.1080/15384047.2016.1139245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Microtubule targeting agents, such as vinblastine, are usually thought to arrest cells in mitosis and subsequently induce apoptosis. However, they can also cause rapid induction of apoptosis in a cell-cycle phase independent manner. BNC105 is a novel vascular and microtubule disrupting drug that also induces apoptosis rapidly but with markedly increased potency compared to vinca alkaloids and combretastatin A4. BNC105 binds to the colchicine-binding site on tubulin resulting in activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), phosphorylation of ATF2, and induction of ATF3 and Noxa leading to acute apoptosis in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) cells. Apoptosis induced by BNC105 is dependent upon both JNK activation and Noxa induction. Normal leukocytes and one CLL sample also exhibited JNK activation but not Noxa induction and were resistant to BNC105. This study emphasizes the importance of Noxa and JNK for induction of apoptosis in CLL cells by microtubule targeting drugs, and highlights the potential of BNC105 as a potent therapeutic to treat haematopoietic malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy Bates
- a Department of Medicine , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA.,c Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Edmond J Feris
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA.,c Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Alexey V Danilov
- a Department of Medicine , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA.,c Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA
| | - Alan Eastman
- b Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology , Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA.,c Norris Cotton Cancer Center, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth , Lebanon , NH , USA
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6
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Kashif M, Bano S, Naqvi S, Faizi S, Ahmed Mesaik M, Azeemi KS, Farooq AD. Cytotoxic and antioxidant properties of phenolic compounds from Tagetes patula flower. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2015; 53:672-681. [PMID: 25539472 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2014.936471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Tagetes patula Linn. (Asteraceae) (French Marigold) flowers are used by local practitioners for cancer treatment; however, it lacks scientific justification. OBJECTIVE Identification of bioactive compounds in T. patula flower for cytotoxic and growth inhibition in human cancer cell lines along with its antioxidant properties using chemical and cell based systems. MATERIALS AND METHODS The T. patula flower methanol extract, its seven fractions, and three phenolic compounds including methyl protocatechuate (1), patuletin (2), and patulitrin (3) were evaluated using sulforhodamine-B assay against HeLa, HT-144, NCI-H460, MCF-7, PC-3, and SF-268 human cancer cell lines. In parallel, antioxidant activity was evaluated using chemical (DPPH(·), deoxyribose, and lipid peroxidation assays) and cell-based chemiluminescence systems (human neutrophils and mice macrophages). RESULTS The methanol extract and ethyl acetate insoluble fraction exhibited cytotoxic and growth inhibitory effects against HeLa in which 2 exhibited highest cell growth inhibition (GI50: 0.6 ± 0.1 µg/ml) and cytotoxicity (LC50: 2.5 ± 0.1 µg/ml). It also scavenged LOO(·) (IC50: 6.5 ± 0.7 µg/ml) and [Formula: see text] (IC50: 27.5 ± 1.3 μg/ml) in chemical systems and human neutrophils, respectively. However, 1 preferably scavenged H2O2-Cl(-) (IC50: 0.5 ± 0.01 μg/ml) in mice macrophages. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Compound 2 from T. patula flower exhibited both growth inhibitory and cytotoxic properties while 1 and 3 were only growth inhibitory against HeLa. 1-3 also displayed antioxidant properties implying its probable role in growth inhibition/cytotoxic action. The present study provides scientific evidence for the use of T. patula flower in cancer treatment by traditional healer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Kashif
- Dr. Panjwani Center for Molecular Medicine and Drug Research, International Center for Chemical and Biological Sciences, University of Karachi , Karachi , Pakistan
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7
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Sendoel A, Maida S, Zheng X, Teo Y, Stergiou L, Rossi CA, Subasic D, Pinto SM, Kinchen JM, Shi M, Boettcher S, Meyer JN, Manz MG, Bano D, Hengartner MO. DEPDC1/LET-99 participates in an evolutionarily conserved pathway for anti-tubulin drug-induced apoptosis. Nat Cell Biol 2014; 16:812-20. [PMID: 25064737 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/18/2014] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Microtubule-targeting chemotherapeutics induce apoptosis in cancer cells by promoting the phosphorylation and degradation of the anti-apoptotic BCL-2 family member MCL1. The signalling cascade linking microtubule disruption to MCL1 degradation remains however to be defined. Here, we establish an in vivo screening strategy in Caenorhabditis elegans to uncover genes involved in chemotherapy-induced apoptosis. Using an RNAi-based screen, we identify three genes required for vincristine-induced apoptosis. We show that the DEP domain protein LET-99 acts upstream of the heterotrimeric G protein alpha subunit GPA-11 to control activation of the stress kinase JNK-1. The human homologue of LET-99, DEPDC1, similarly regulates vincristine-induced cell death by promoting JNK-dependent degradation of the BCL-2 family protein MCL1. Collectively, these data uncover an evolutionarily conserved mediator of anti-tubulin drug-induced apoptosis and suggest that DEPDC1 levels could be an additional determinant for therapy response upstream of MCL1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ataman Sendoel
- 1] Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland [2] Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 190 CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland [3]
| | - Simona Maida
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) e.V. Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Xue Zheng
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Youjin Teo
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lilli Stergiou
- 1] Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland [2]
| | - Carlo-Alberto Rossi
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) e.V. Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Deni Subasic
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Sergio M Pinto
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jason M Kinchen
- Center for Cell Clearance, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22908, USA
| | - Moyin Shi
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Steffen Boettcher
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 190 CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Joel N Meyer
- Nicholas School of the Environment, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Markus G Manz
- Division of Hematology, University Hospital Zurich, Raemistrasse 190 CH-8091 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniele Bano
- German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE) e.V. Ludwig-Erhard-Allee 2, D-53175 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael O Hengartner
- Institute of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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8
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Frezzato F, Trimarco V, Martini V, Gattazzo C, Ave E, Visentin A, Cabrelle A, Olivieri V, Zambello R, Facco M, Zonta F, Cristiani A, Brunati AM, Moro S, Semenzato G, Trentin L. Leukaemic cells from chronic lymphocytic leukaemia patients undergo apoptosis following microtubule depolymerization and Lyn inhibition by nocodazole. Br J Haematol 2014; 165:659-72. [PMID: 24606526 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Functional abnormalities of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells may be related to the microtubular network of cell cytoskeleton; specifically tubulin involvement in cells after B-cell receptor engagement. As microtubule inhibitors could represent a therapeutic strategy for CLL, this study investigated the capability of nocodazole, a synthetic depolymerizing agent, to kill CLL leukaemic cells. We demonstrated that nocodazole was highly specific for the in vitro induction of apoptosis in leukaemic cells from 90 CLL patients, without affecting the viability of T-cells and/or mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) recovered from the same patients. Nocodazole was observed to overcome the pro-survival signals provided by MSCs. Competing with ATP for the nucleotide-binding site, nocodazole has been observed to turn off the high basal tyrosine phosphorylation of leukaemic cells mediated by the Src-kinase Lyn. Considering that most anti-microtubule drugs have limited clinical use because of their strong toxic effects, the high selectivity of nocodazole for leukaemic cells in CLL and its capability to bypass microenvironmental pro-survival stimuli, suggests the use of this inhibitor for designing new therapeutic strategies in CLL treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Frezzato
- Venetian Institute of Molecular Medicine (VIMM), Centro di Eccellenza per la Ricerca Biomedica, Padova, Italy; Department of Medicine, Haematology and Clinical Immunology Branch, Padova University School of Medicine, Padova, Italy
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9
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The microtubule targeting agent PBOX-15 inhibits integrin-mediated cell adhesion and induces apoptosis in acute lymphoblastic leukaemia cells. Int J Oncol 2012; 42:239-46. [PMID: 23135704 DOI: 10.3892/ijo.2012.1688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Although recent decades have seen an improved cure rate for newly diagnosed paediatric acute lymphoplastic leukaemia (ALL), the treatment options for adult ALL, T-cell ALL (T-ALL) and relapsed disease remain poor. We have developed a novel series of pyrrolo-1,5-benzoxazepine (PBOX) compounds and established their anticancer efficacy in a variety of human tumour cell types. Here, we demonstrate that PBOX-15 inhibits cell growth, and induces G2/M cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in both T-ALL and B-cell ALL (B-ALL) cells. In addition, prior to PBOX-15-induced apoptosis, PBOX-15 decreases ALL cell adhesion, spreading and migration. Concurrently, PBOX-15 differentially down-regulates β1-, β2- and α4-integrin expression in ALL cells and significantly decreases integrin-mediated cell attachment. PBOX-15 interferes with the lateral mobility and clustering of integrins in both B-ALL and T-ALL cells. These data suggest that PBOX-15 is not only effective in inducing apoptosis in ALL cells, but also has the potential to disrupt integrin-mediated adhesion of malignant lymphocytes, which represents a novel avenue for regulating leukaemic cell homing and migration.
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10
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Greene LM, Nathwani SM, Bright SA, Fayne D, Croke A, Gagliardi M, McElligott AM, O'Connor L, Carr M, Keely NO, O'Boyle NM, Carroll P, Sarkadi B, Conneally E, Lloyd DG, Lawler M, Meegan MJ, Zisterer DM. The Vascular Targeting Agent Combretastatin-A4 and a Novel cis-Restricted β-Lactam Analogue, CA-432, Induce Apoptosis in Human Chronic Myeloid Leukemia Cells and Ex Vivo Patient Samples Including Those Displaying Multidrug Resistance. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2010; 335:302-13. [DOI: 10.1124/jpet.110.170415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
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McElligott AM, Maginn EN, Greene LM, McGuckin S, Hayat A, Browne PV, Butini S, Campiani G, Catherwood MA, Vandenberghe E, Williams DC, Zisterer DM, Lawler M. The novel tubulin-targeting agent pyrrolo-1,5-benzoxazepine-15 induces apoptosis in poor prognostic subgroups of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Res 2009; 69:8366-75. [PMID: 19826055 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-09-0131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Pyrrolo-1,5-benzoxazepine-15 (PBOX-15) is a novel microtubule depolymerization agent that induces cell cycle arrest and subsequent apoptosis in a number of cancer cell lines. Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is characterized by clonal expansion of predominately nonproliferating mature B cells. Here, we present data suggesting PBOX-15 is a potential therapeutic agent for CLL. We show activity of PBOX-15 in samples taken from a cohort of CLL patients (n = 55) representing both high-risk and low-risk disease. PBOX-15 exhibited cytotoxicity in CLL cells (n = 19) in a dose-dependent manner, with mean IC(50) of 0.55 micromol/L. PBOX-15 significantly induced apoptosis in CLL cells (n = 46) including cells with poor prognostic markers: unmutated IgV(H) genes, CD38 and zeta-associated protein 70 (ZAP-70) expression, and fludarabine-resistant cells with chromosomal deletions in 17p. In addition, PBOX-15 was more potent than fludarabine in inducing apoptosis in fludarabine-sensitive cells. Pharmacologic inhibition and small interfering RNA knockdown of caspase-8 significantly inhibited PBOX-15-induced apoptosis. Pharmacologic inhibition of c-jun NH(2)-terminal kinase inhibited PBOX-15-induced apoptosis in mutated IgV(H) and ZAP-70(-) CLL cells but not in unmutated IgV(H) and ZAP-70(+) cells. PBOX-15 exhibited selective cytotoxicity in CLL cells compared with normal hematopoietic cells. Our data suggest that PBOX-15 represents a novel class of agents that are toxic toward both high-risk and low-risk CLL cells. The need for novel treatments is acute in CLL, especially for the subgroup of patients with poor clinical outcome and drug-resistant disease. This study identifies a novel agent with significant clinical potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony M McElligott
- John Durkan Research Laboratories, Institute of Molecular Medicine, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.
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12
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Shaha SP, Tomic J, Shi Y, Pham T, Mero P, White D, He L, Baryza JL, Wender PA, Booth JW, Spaner DE. Prolonging microtubule dysruption enhances the immunogenicity of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2009; 158:186-98. [PMID: 19737143 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.2009.04003.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic chemotherapies do not usually mediate the expression of an immunogenic gene programme in tumours, despite activating many of the signalling pathways employed by highly immunogenic cells. Concomitant use of agents that modulate and complement stress-signalling pathways activated by chemotherapeutic agents may then enhance the immunogenicity of cancer cells, increase their susceptibility to T cell-mediated controls and lead to higher clinical remission rates. Consistent with this hypothesis, the microtubule inhibitor, vincristine, caused chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) cells to die rapidly, without increasing their immunogenicity. Protein kinase C (PKC) agonists (such as bryostatin) delayed the death of vincristine-treated CLL cells and made them highly immunogenic, with increased stimulatory abilities in mixed lymphocyte responses, production of proinflammatory cytokines, expression of co-stimulatory molecules and activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), p38 and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-kappaB) signalling pathways. This phenotype was similar to the result of activating CLL cells through Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which communicate 'danger' signals from infectious pathogens. Use of PKC agonists and microtubule inhibitors to mimic TLR-signalling, and increase the immunogenicity of CLL cells, has implications for the design of chemo-immunotherapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- S P Shaha
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, Toronto, Canada
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13
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Shi Y, White D, He L, Miller RL, Spaner DE. Toll-like receptor-7 tolerizes malignant B cells and enhances killing by cytotoxic agents. Cancer Res 2007; 67:1823-31. [PMID: 17308125 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-06-2381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Chronic activation through Toll-like receptors (TLR) occurs in a number of pathologic settings, but has not been studied to the same extent as primary activation. TLR7, expressed by B cells and some dendritic cells, recognizes molecular patterns associated with viruses that can be mimicked by synthetic imidazoquinolines. In response to primary stimulation with the imidazoquinoline, S28690, human mononuclear cells produced tumor necrosis factor-alpha, but were unable to do so upon restimulation with S28690. This state of "tolerization" lasted at least 5 days. Using chronic lymphocytic leukemia B cells as a model to facilitate biochemical analysis, the tolerized state was found to be associated with altered receptor components, including down-regulated expression of TLR7 mRNA and decreased levels of interleukin-1 receptor-associated kinase 1. Tolerization was characterized by a transcriptionally regulated block in stress-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor kappaB activation, with relatively preserved activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK). Tolerized chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells were found to be more sensitive to cytotoxic chemotherapeutic agents, in part through altered stress-activated protein kinase signaling pathways. This property of the TLR7-tolerized state may potentially be exploited in the treatment of B cell cancers.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- B-Lymphocytes/drug effects
- B-Lymphocytes/pathology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Female
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1 Receptor-Associated Kinases/biosynthesis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/blood
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/cytology
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/drug effects
- Leukocytes, Mononuclear/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Quinolines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- Signal Transduction
- Toll-Like Receptor 7/agonists
- Toll-Like Receptor 7/biosynthesis
- Toll-Like Receptor 7/physiology
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/biosynthesis
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Vincristine/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghong Shi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Research Institute, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Center, 2075 Bayview Avenue, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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14
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Vandenbulcke K, Thierens H, De Vos F, Philippé J, Offner F, Janssens A, Apostolidis C, Morgenstern A, Bacher K, de Gelder V, Dierckx RA, Slegers G. In vitro screening for synergism of high-linear energy transfer 213Bi-radiotherapy with other therapeutic agents for the treatment of B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Cancer Biother Radiopharm 2006; 21:364-72. [PMID: 16999602 DOI: 10.1089/cbr.2006.21.364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND External beam radiotherapy and beta-radioimmunotherapy (RIT) are effective treatments for lymphoid malignancies. The development of RIT with alpha-emitters is attractive, owing to the high (LET) nature and short path length of alpha particles allowing for higher tumor cell kill and lower toxicity to healthy tissues. OBJECTIVES The aim of this study was to assess the response of B-Cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia (B-CLL) cells in vitro after treatment with chemotherapy (cisplatin, fludarabine, doxorubicin, or vincristine) or other pharmaceuticals (colchicine, simvastatin, or cyclosporin A) in combination with (60)Co-gamma or (213)Bi-alpha-irradiation. METHODS (213)Bi was eluted from a (225)Ac generator. Apoptosis was scored by flow cytometric analysis of the cells stained with Annexin-V and 7 amino actinomycin D. Metabolic activity was assessed by a MTT assay. RESULTS The response induced by alpha- irradiation is systematically higher than the response induced by gamma-irradiation. The combination of drug treatment with alpha-irradiation induced a systematic, higher response, compared to treatment with drugs alone, even for the highest concentrations used. For all the drugs used in this study, synergism or additivity was demonstrated for the combination of drugs and radiotherapy with a stronger effect for alpha-particles. CONCLUSIONS The results of this in vitro study highlight a potential benefit of alpha-irradiation in combination with the drugs considered in this study.
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15
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Beswick RW, Ambrose HE, Wagner SD. Nocodazole, a microtubule depolymerising agent, induces apoptosis of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia cells associated with changes in Bcl-2 phosphorylation and expression. Leuk Res 2006; 30:427-36. [PMID: 16162358 DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2005.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2005] [Accepted: 08/08/2005] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Microtubule active drugs are used in the treatment of malignancies and their mechanism of action in cycling cells is to produce mitotic arrest followed by apoptosis. In this study, we investigate in detail the specificity and mechanism by which a microtubule de-polymerising agent, nocodazole, induces apoptosis in non-cyclingm, i.e. G(0)/G(1), chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) B-cells. The majority of cases of CLL are sensitive (IC(50)<or=16 microM) but normal peripheral blood B-cells, which are also in G(0)/G(1), are resistant to the maximum in vitro concentration of this agent. Taxol, a microtubule stabilising drug does not kill CLL cells suggesting a specific effect of nocodazole. The mechanism of apoptosis involves mitochondrial membrane depolarisation, activation of caspases and cleavage of PARP. Nocodazole causes two patterns of change to Bcl-2 expression. In one there is increase in expression of the serine-70 phosphorylated form of Bcl-2 and in the other total Bcl-2 expression is reduced. Collectively the data shows that sensitivity to nocodazole-induced apoptosis is a feature of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and suggests that newer microtubule active agents be systematically investigated for their effectiveness in this condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard W Beswick
- Division of Investigative Sciences, Department of Haematology, Imperial College London, Hammersmith Hospital, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK
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16
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Kim YJ, Sackett DL, Schapira M, Walsh DP, Min J, Pannell LK, Chang YT. Identification of 12Cysbeta on tubulin as the binding site of tubulyzine. Bioorg Med Chem 2005; 14:1169-75. [PMID: 16266809 PMCID: PMC1408322 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2005.09.069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2005] [Revised: 09/24/2005] [Accepted: 09/26/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
We have undertaken quantitative binding site studies in order to identify the binding site of the known microtubule destabilizing agents, the tubulyzines, in the tubulin dimer. Two different approaches were employed that utilized the tubulyzines and their derivatives. The first approach was based on a chemical affinity labeling method using tubulyzine affinity derivatives, and the second approach employed the mass spectrometric measurement of the differential reactivity of cysteines using the tubulyzines and monobromobimane. Based on overlapping data from these two approaches, we propose that the tubulyzines bind at the guanosine-5'-triphosphate binding site of beta-tubulin. Interestingly, we also show that the tubulyzines' binding to tubulin induces a conformational change in tubulin that prevents further interaction of the 239Cysbeta with other reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeoun Jin Kim
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Dan L. Sackett
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Matthieu Schapira
- Department of Pharmacology, New York University Medical Center, New York, NY 10016, USA
| | - Daniel P. Walsh
- Department of Chemistry, New York University New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Jaeki Min
- Department of Chemistry, New York University New York, NY 10003, USA
| | - Lewis K. Pannell
- National Institute of Diabetes, Digestive, Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry, New York University New York, NY 10003, USA
- Corresponding author. Tel.: +1 212 998 8491; fax: +1 212 260 7905; e-mail:
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17
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Kausman JY, Yin L, Jones CL, Johnstone L, Powell HR. Vincristine treatment in steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome. Pediatr Nephrol 2005; 20:1416-9. [PMID: 15977025 DOI: 10.1007/s00467-005-1940-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2004] [Revised: 03/03/2005] [Accepted: 03/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Treatment of children with steroid-dependent nephrotic syndrome (SDNS) continues to be a challenge when relapses recur after treatment with cyclophosphamide and side effects or non-compliance make steroids and cyclosporin unsatisfactory. We treated 12 patients with intravenous vincristine for SDNS in a regime of 1-1.5 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks then monthly for 4 months. Four of the 5 patients in relapse when commencing vincristine remitted within 2 doses. Comparing relapse frequency in the 12 months before and after vincristine, there was a reduction from 4 to 1.5 (p=0.004) relapses per year. Median sustained remission was 5 months, but 1 frequently relapsing patient remains in remission 4 years after vincristine. Vincristine was also successfully used in 1 or 2 doses at weekly intervals for subsequent relapses in 5 patients. Side effects were minimal in most cases. Abdominal pain occurred in 2 patients who commenced vincristine at 1.5 mg/m2, but resolved when continued at 1 mg/m2. We felt vincristine had a role in a subset of children with challenging SDNS administered as 1 mg/m2 weekly for 4 weeks then 1.5 mg/m2 monthly for 4 months. Vincristine allowed steroid- and cyclosporin-sparing, contributed to long-term remission in some patients, and was especially valuable in children with poor compliance with oral medication. Many patients expressed a preference for a few doses of vincristine rather than a standard course of oral prednisolone or cyclosporin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua Yehuda Kausman
- Department of Nephrology, Royal Childrens Hospital, Flemington Rd, 3052 Parkville, Victoria, Australia.
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18
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Lerner A, Andrea N. Vinca Alkaloids vs. Taxanes as Therapy in Lymphoid Malignancies: Do Our Experimental Models Obscure Our Understanding of How These Drugs Really Work? Cancer Invest 2005. [DOI: 10.1081/cnv-46389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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19
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Kivekäs I, Tobin G, Thunberg U, Vilpo L, Sundström C, Rosenquist R, Vilpo J. Ex vivo drug and irradiation sensitivities in hypermutated and unmutated forms of chronic lymphocytic leukemia cells. Leuk Res 2003; 27:337-41. [PMID: 12531225 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(02)00169-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Several investigators have now established that chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is not a uniform disease entity, since approximately half of the cases of CLL have undergone immunoglobulin V region (IgV) hypermutation, whereas the other half display unmutated Ig genes. The median survival time of mutated CLL (M-CLL) cases has been shown to be approximately twice as long as that for unmutated CLL (UM-CLL), but no clear explanation for this difference is currently available. In this work, we have investigated a cohort of previously untreated CLL patients, to see whether the ex vivo sensitivities of leukemic cells of 16 UM-CLL patients differ from those of 8 M-CLL patients, using nine different drugs and two types of irradiation. Our results demonstrated very similar ex vivo sensitivities and tumor cell heterogeneity of sensitivity of UM-CLL and M-CLL cells when tested against chlorambucil, 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine, cyclosporin A, cis-platinum(II)diammine-dichloride, doxorubicin hydrochloride, 2-fluoroadenine-9-beta-D-arabinofuranoside, prednisolone sodium succinate, verapamil, vincristine, gamma-irradiation, and UV-irradiation. This indicates that de novo chemo/radiosensitivity cannot explain the survival difference observed between UM-CLL and M-CLL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Kivekäs
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, HYKS (Jorvi Hospital), Espoo, Finland
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20
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Kivekäs I, Vilpo L, Vilpo J. Relationships of in vitro sensitivities tested with nine drugs and two types of irradiation in chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2002; 26:1035-41. [PMID: 12363473 DOI: 10.1016/s0145-2126(02)00050-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research into mechanisms of cytotoxic drug and irradiation resistance have produced few clinically encouraging results. In this report, we apply correlation analyses to drug and irradiation response results from a cohort of 36 classical B chronic lymphocyte leukemia (CLL) patients. Nine drugs and two types of irradiation were selected according to their usefulness in CLL therapy or on the basis of their otherwise interesting mechanisms of action. Part of the results concerning individual drugs have been previously published, but new correlation analyses are presented in this paper. Altogether 2376 duplicate cultures were performed in order to determine ID(80) values, i.e. doses causing an 80% inhibition in 4-day cultures when leucine incorporation was used as an indicator of cells vitality. Non-parametric Spearman's rank order correlation confirmed a tight relationship between 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and fludarabine, as expected. Surprisingly, correlation between two P-glycoprotein-dependent drugs, vincristine and doxorubicin, was not demonstrable. A number of entirely unexpected correlations were identified between drugs with very different mechanisms of action: (i) chlorambucil and gamma-irradiation; (ii) 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and vincristine; (iii) 2-chlorodeoxyadenosine and gamma-irradiation; (iv) fludarabine and cis-platin; (v) doxorubicine and gamma-irradiation; (vi) prednisolone and cyclosporin A; (vii) vincristine and verapamil. Our findings emphasize: (i) the usefulness of fresh tumor cells instead of cell lines in cytotoxicity studies; (ii) the great variation in cytotoxicity in individual patients, i.e. tumor cell heterogeneity, as well as patient heterogeneity; and (iii) an entirely unexpected finding that there were tight relationships in drug and irradiation responses between substances supposed to act with very different mechanisms.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Antineoplastic Agents/pharmacology
- Cell Division/drug effects
- Cohort Studies
- Combined Modality Therapy
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Flow Cytometry
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- In Vitro Techniques
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/drug therapy
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/radiotherapy
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/drug effects
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured/radiation effects
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilkka Kivekäs
- Laboratory of Molecular Hematology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Center of Tampere University Hospital, P.O. Box 2000, FIN 33521, Tampere, Finland
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21
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Hulkkonen J, Vilpo L, Hurme M, Vilpo J. Surface antigen expression in chronic lymphocytic leukemia: clustering analysis, interrelationships and effects of chromosomal abnormalities. Leukemia 2002; 16:178-85. [PMID: 11840283 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2001] [Accepted: 10/15/2001] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a phenotypically distinguishable form of B-lymphoid leukemias. The regularity of surface membrane antigen expression patterns, their interrelationships as well as the effects of the three frequent chromosomal aberrations, ie 11q deletion, 13q deletion and trisomy 12, were investigated in 35 classic CLL cases by flow cytometry. The two-way cluster analysis of 31 individual antigens revealed three expression patterns: (1) most cells in most cases positive (CD5, CD19, CD20, CD23, CD27, CD40, CD45, CD45RA); (2) most cells in most cases negative (CD10, CD14, CD34, CD122, CD154, mIgG); and (3) a mixed pattern with a variable number of positive cases and a variable percentage of positive cells in individual cases (CD11c, CD21, CD22, CD25, CD38, CD45RO, CD79b, CD80, CD95, CD124, CD126, CD130, FMC7, mIgD, mIgkappa, mIglambda, mIgM). The expressions of several antigens were strongly interdependent, even when antigens belonged to entirely different gene families. Such antigen pairs were: CD11c/CD21; CD19/CD45; CD19/CD79b; CD22/CD45RA; CD23/Igkappa; CD25/mIgM; CD27/CD45; CD45/CD79b; CD45RA/Igkappa. In contrast, the expression of some antigens was mutually exclusive, the best examples being CD45RA/CD45RO, CD38/CD80 and CD45RA/CD80. Deletion of chromosome arm 11q attenuated expression of splicing variant CD45RA, but enhanced CD45RO expression. In contrast, cases of trisomy 12 were associated with enhanced CD45RA and attenuated CD45RO expression. Similarly, trisomy 12 was associated with enhanced CD27 and mIgkappa expression. The variable levels of signaling surface membrane antigens, their interactions and interference by genetic aberrations are likely to affect the clinical progression and drug response of CLL.
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MESH Headings
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase
- ADP-ribosyl Cyclase 1
- Adult
- Aged
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Antigens, Neoplasm/genetics
- Antigens, Surface/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/genetics
- B-Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Chromosome Aberrations
- Chromosome Deletion
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 11/ultrastructure
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 12
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13/ultrastructure
- Cluster Analysis
- Female
- Humans
- Immunophenotyping
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/analysis
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/genetics
- Male
- Membrane Glycoproteins
- Middle Aged
- NAD+ Nucleosidase/analysis
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/immunology
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/analysis
- Receptors, Antigen, B-Cell/genetics
- Sequence Deletion
- Trisomy
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Affiliation(s)
- J Hulkkonen
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Tampere Medical School and Laboratory Center of Tampere University Hospital, Tampere, Finland
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