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Kawai R, Sugisaki R, Miyamoto Y, Yano F, Sasa K, Minami E, Maki K, Kamijo R. Cathepsin K degrades osteoprotegerin to promote osteoclastogenesis in vitro. In Vitro Cell Dev Biol Anim 2023; 59:10-18. [PMID: 36689044 DOI: 10.1007/s11626-023-00747-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Osteoblasts produce the receptor activator of nuclear factor-kappa B ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin, the inducer and the suppressor of osteoclast differentiation and activation. We previously proposed that the degradation of osteoprotegerin by lysine-specific gingipain of Porphyromonas gingivalis and neutrophil elastase is one of the mechanisms of bone resorption associated with infection and inflammation. In the present study, we found that cathepsin K (CTSK) also degraded osteoprotegerin in an acidic milieu and the buffer with a pH of 7.4. The 37 k fragment of osteoprotegerin produced by the reaction with CTSK was further degraded into low molecular weight fragments, including a 13 k fragment, depending on the reaction time. The N-terminal amino acid sequence of the 37 k fragment matched that of the intact osteoprotegerin, indicating that CTSK preferentially hydrolyzes the death domain-like region of osteoprotegerin, not its RANKL-binding region. The 13 k fragment of osteoprotegerin was the C-terminal 13 k portion within the RANKL-binding region of the 37 k fragment. Finally, CTSK restored RANKL-dependent osteoclast differentiation that was suppressed by the addition of osteoprotegerin. Collectively, CTSK is a possible positive regulator of osteoclastogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryota Kawai
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Risa Sugisaki
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoichi Miyamoto
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan. .,Division of Physiology and Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences at Fujiyoshida, Showa University, Fujiyoshida, Japan.
| | - Fumiko Yano
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohito Sasa
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Erika Minami
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koutaro Maki
- Department of Orthodontics, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ryutaro Kamijo
- Department of Biochemistry, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan
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Yan T, Xie Y, He H, Fan W, Huang F. Role of nitric oxide in orthodontic tooth movement (Review). Int J Mol Med 2021; 48:168. [PMID: 34278439 PMCID: PMC8285047 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2021.5001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an ubiquitous signaling molecule that mediates numerous cellular processes associated with cardiovascular, nervous and immune systems. NO also plays an essential role in bone homeostasis regulation. The present review article summarized the effects of NO on bone metabolism during orthodontic tooth movement in order to provide insight into the regulatory role of NO in orthodontic tooth movement. Orthodontic tooth movement is a process in which the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone are reconstructed due to the effect of orthodontic forces. Accumulating evidence has indicated that NO and its downstream signaling molecule, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), mediate the mechanical signals during orthodontic-related bone remodeling, and exert complex effects on osteogenesis and osteoclastogenesis. NO has a regulatory effect on the cellular activities and functional states of osteoclasts, osteocytes and periodontal ligament fibroblasts involved in orthodontic tooth movement. Variations of NO synthase (NOS) expression levels and NO production in periodontal tissues or gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) have been found on the tension and compression sides during tooth movement in both orthodontic animal models and patients. Furthermore, NO precursor and NOS inhibitor administration increased and reduced the tooth movement in animal models, respectively. Further research is required in order to further elucidate the underlying mechanisms and the clinical application prospect of NO in orthodontic tooth movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tong Yan
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Yongjian Xie
- Department of Orthodontic Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
| | - Hongwen He
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Wenguo Fan
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510080, P.R. China
| | - Fang Huang
- Department of Pediatric Dentistry, Hospital of Stomatology, Sun Yat‑sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510055, P.R. China
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Dissaux C, Wagner D, George D, Spingarn C, Rémond Y. Mechanical impairment on alveolar bone graft: A literature review. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2019; 47:149-157. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcms.2018.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Al-Hamdany AK, Al-Khatib AR, Al-Sadi HI. Influence of olive oil on alveolar bone response during orthodontic retention period: rabbit model study. Acta Odontol Scand 2017; 75:413-422. [PMID: 28539096 DOI: 10.1080/00016357.2017.1328613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study attempted to evaluate clinically and histologically the effects of olive oil (Ol) consumption on orthodontic relapse after the retention period. DESIGN Thirty apparently healthy female albino rabbits, weight more than 1000 g each was used in this study. The animals were grouped randomly into six groups of five animals each: two control and four experimental groups. In control groups, the relapse was estimated either at zero day, or at the end of the fourth week after orthodontic retention period. In the experimental groups, the animals' groups received Ol, 7.7, or 15.4 ml/kg b.w. per day during the orthodontic retention period. The relapse was estimated either at zero day, or at the end of the fourth week after orthodontic retention period for each concentration. Modified fixed orthodontic appliances were attached to the rabbits' lower central incisors. Each rabbit received orthodontic intervention for one week, followed by six weeks retention period. At the end of the experiments, the clinical and histological investigations were conducted. Data analyses were performed at the level of p < .05 for the statistically significant difference. RESULTS Clinically, Ol high concentration four weeks group showed a significantly lower relapse tendency than control four weeks group. Histologically, Ol low concentration zero time group showed significantly higher osteoblasts numbers than control zero time group. Olive oil low and high concentrations four weeks group showed significantly lower fibroblasts count. Moreover, Ol high concentration four weeks group revealed significantly higher bone mineralization, osteoblasts and osteocytes counts than control four weeks study group. CONCLUSIONS Supplementation with Ol during an orthodontic retention period, especially at 15.4 ml/kg b.w. per day concentration, clinically reduced orthodontic relapse on rabbit model. Histologically, Ol increased osteoblasts and osteocytes counts and the relative amount of bone mineralization of connective tissue layer forming alveolar bone (AB) at the end of four weeks after the orthodontic retention period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afrah K. Al-Hamdany
- Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry/College of Dentistry/Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Ali R. Al-Khatib
- Department of Pedodontics, Orthodontics and Preventive Dentistry/College of Dentistry/Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq
| | - Hafidh I. Al-Sadi
- Department of Oral Surgery, College of Dentistry/Mosul University, Mosul, Iraq
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Gonçalves CF, Desiderá ADC, do Nascimento GC, Issa JPM, Leite-Panissi CRA. Experimental tooth movement and photobiomodulation on bone remodeling in rats. Lasers Med Sci 2016; 31:1883-1890. [DOI: 10.1007/s10103-016-2064-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Han JY. A comparative study of combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances and clear aligners in patients with periodontitis. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2015; 45:193-204. [PMID: 26734489 PMCID: PMC4698945 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2015.45.6.193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose With the increasing prevalence of orthodontic treatment in adults, clear aligner treatments are becoming more popular. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of orthodontic treatment on periodontal tissue and to compare orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances (FA) to clear aligner treatment (CAT) in periodontitis patients. Methods A total of 35 patients who underwent orthodontic treatment in the Department of Periodontology were included in this study. After periodontal treatment with meticulous oral hygiene education, patients underwent treatment with FA or CAT, and this study analyzed patient outcomes depending on the treatment strategy. Clinical parameters were assessed at baseline and after orthodontic treatment, and the duration of treatment was compared between these two groups. Results The overall plaque index, the gingival index, and probing depth improved after orthodontic treatment (P<0.01). The overall bone level also improved (P=0.045). However, the bone level changes in the FA and CAT groups were not significantly different. Significant differences were found between the FA and CAT groups in probing depth, change in probing depth, and duration of treatment (P<0.05). However, no significant differences were found between the FA and CAT groups regarding the plaque index, changes in the plaque index, the gingival index, changes in the gingival index, or changes in the alveolar bone level. The percentage of females in the CAT group (88%) was significantly greater than in the FA group (37%) (P<0.01). Conclusions After orthodontic treatment, clinical parameters were improved in the FA and CAT groups with meticulous oral hygiene education and plaque control. Regarding plaque index and gingival index, no significant differences were found between these two groups. We suggest that combined periodontal and orthodontic treatment can improve patients’ periodontal health irrespective of orthodontic techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Han
- Department of Periodontology, Division of Dentistry, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jeyraj Y, Katta AK, Vannala V, Lokanathan D, Reddy SN, Rajasigamani K. Estimation of alkaline phosphatase in the gingival crevicular fluid during orthodontic tooth movement in premolar extraction cases to predict therapeutic progression. J Nat Sci Biol Med 2015; 6:343-6. [PMID: 26283826 PMCID: PMC4518406 DOI: 10.4103/0976-9668.160000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The objective was to estimate the level of alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) during en-masse retraction stage of orthodontic tooth movement. MATERIALS AND METHODS 10 patients in the age group of 15-20 years participated in this study. GCF was sampled from the distal surface of the canine and mesial surface of the second premolar on day 0, 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 postorthodontic treatment. RESULTS A marked fall in the level of ALP was evident following force application. A progressive decreasing trend in ALP activity on both distal aspect of canine and mesial aspect of the second premolar was observed. The fall in ALP was more on distal aspect canine when compared to the mesial aspect of the second premolar. CONCLUSIONS Measure of ALP activity in GCF could be an indicator of the biochemical and cellular alterations in bone turnover and hence rate the amount of tooth movement following orthodontic force application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yamini Jeyraj
- Department of Orthodontics, Chettinadu Dental College and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - Anil Kumar Katta
- Department of Orthodontics, Sibar Institute of Dental Sciences, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Venkataramana Vannala
- Department of Orthodontics, Panineeya Mahavidhyalaya Institute of Dental Sciences, Kamalanagar, Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh, India
| | - Divya Lokanathan
- Department of Orthodontics, Chettinadu Dental College and Research Institute, Kelambakkam, Chennai, India
| | - S N Reddy
- Department of Orthodontics, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - K Rajasigamani
- Department of Orthodontics, Rajah Muthiah Dental College and Hospital, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
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Lv S, Liu H, Cui J, Hasegawa T, Hongo H, Feng W, Li J, Sun B, Kudo A, Amizuka N, Li M. Histochemical examination of cathepsin K, MMP1 and MMP2 in compressed periodontal ligament during orthodontic tooth movement in periostin deficient mice. J Mol Histol 2013; 45:303-9. [PMID: 24202437 DOI: 10.1007/s10735-013-9548-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2013] [Accepted: 10/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate immunolocalization of collagenolytic enzymes including cathepsin K, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP) 1 and 2 in the compressed periodontal ligament (PDL) during orthodontic tooth movement using a periostin deficient (Pn-/-) mouse model. Twelve-week-old male mice homozygous for the disrupted periostin gene and their wild type (WT) littermates were used in these experiments. The tooth movement was performed according to Waldo's method, in which elastic bands of 0.5 mm thickness were inserted between the first and second upper molars of mice under anesthesia. At 1 and 3 days after orthodontic force application, mice were fixed with transcardial perfusion of 4 % paraformaldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4), and the first molars and peripheral alveolar bones were extracted for histochemical analyses. Compared with WT mice, immunolocalization of cathepsin K, MMP1 and MMP2 was significantly decreased at 1 and 3 days after orthodontic tooth movement in the compressed PDL of Pn-/- mice, although MMP1-reactivity and MMP2-reactivity decreased at different amounts. Very little cathepsin K-immunoreactivity was observed in the assessed regions of Pn-/- mice, both before and after orthodontic force application. Furthermore, Pn-/- mice showed a much wider residual PDL than WT mice. Taken together, we concluded that periostin plays an essential role in the function of collagenolytic enzymes like cathepsin K, MMP1 and MMP2 in the compressed PDL after orthodontic force application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengyu Lv
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Department of Bone Metabolism, School of Stomatology, Shandong University, Wenhua West Road 44-1, Jinan, 250012, China
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Yamamoto-Silva FP, Bradaschia-Correa V, Lima LA, Arana-Chavez VE. Ultrastructural and immunohistochemical study of early repair of alveolar sockets after the extraction of molars from alendronate-treated rats. Microsc Res Tech 2013; 76:633-40. [DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2013] [Revised: 02/15/2013] [Accepted: 03/02/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivian Bradaschia-Correa
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Luiz A.P.A. Lima
- Department of Stomatology; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
| | - Victor E. Arana-Chavez
- Department of Biomaterials and Oral Biology; School of Dentistry; University of São Paulo; São Paulo; Brazil
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Kuchuk I, Mazzarello S, Butterfield K, Appleton A, Addison CL, Clemons M. Oral care and the use of bone-targeted agents in patients with metastatic cancers: A practical guide for dental surgeons and oncologists. J Bone Oncol 2013; 2:38-46. [PMID: 26909271 PMCID: PMC4723342 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2012.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bone-targeted agents such as bisphosphonates and the RANKL antibody have revolutionised the care of patients with bone metastases. There has, however been increasing concern about the oral health of these patients and in particular osteonecrosis of the jaw (ONJ), especially with the increasing use of these agents at higher potencies for greater periods of time. METHODS A review of the published data in PubMed and meeting abstracts was performed to examine incidence, risk factors, pathogenesis, clinical course and management of osteonecrosis of the jaw with focus on cancer patients treated with bone-targeted agents (BTA) for bone metastases. This manuscript takes the most frequent and pertinent questions raised by oncologists, dentists and oral and maxillofacial surgeons and tries to give a pragmatic overview of the literature. RESULTS The incidence of ONJ varies depending on types of bone-targeted agents, duration of treatment and additional risk factors. The causes and pathogenesis of ONJ is not fully elucidated, however bone-targeted therapy induced impaired bone remodelling, microtrauma secondary to jaw activity, and oral bacterial infection seem to be important factors. Since the treatment options for ONJ are limited and not well established, preventive strategies have to be included in patients management. CONCLUSIONS Many unanswered questions remain about the optimal oral care of patients receiving bone-targeted agents. Prospective data collection will remedy this and help to provide practical guidelines for the management and treatment of those patients that require dental intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iryna Kuchuk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre and University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Sasha Mazzarello
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre and University of Ottawa, Canada
| | - Kevin Butterfield
- Ottawa Hospital Division of Dentistry/Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery and University of Ottawa, Canada
| | | | | | - Mark Clemons
- Division of Medical Oncology, Ottawa Regional Cancer Centre and University of Ottawa, Canada
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Ingman T, Apajalahti S, Rice D, Sorsa T. Gingival Crevicular Fluid, Matrix Metalloproteinases, and Their Bioactive Regulators as Potential Adjunctive Chair-Side Point-of-Care Biomarkers in Orthodontic Tooth Movement. Semin Orthod 2012. [DOI: 10.1053/j.sodo.2012.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Habib FAL, Gama SKC, Ramalho LMP, Cangussú MCT, dos Santos Neto FP, Lacerda JA, de Araújo TM, Pinheiro ALB. Effect of Laser Phototherapy on the Hyalinization Following Orthodontic Tooth Movement in Rats. Photomed Laser Surg 2012; 30:179-85. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2011.3085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Fernando A. L. Habib
- Centro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial Prof. José Édimo Soares Martins, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Sabrina K. C. Gama
- Centro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial Prof. José Édimo Soares Martins, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Luciana M. P. Ramalho
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Maria Cristina T. Cangussú
- Oral Epidemiology and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | | | - Juliana A. Lacerda
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Telma M. de Araújo
- Centro de Ortodontia e Ortopedia Facial Prof. José Édimo Soares Martins, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Antônio L. B. Pinheiro
- Center of Biophotonics, School of Dentistry, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), Salvador, BA, Brazil
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Zainal Ariffin SH, Yamamoto Z, Zainol Abidin IZ, Megat Abdul Wahab R, Zainal Ariffin Z. Cellular and molecular changes in orthodontic tooth movement. ScientificWorldJournal 2011; 11:1788-803. [PMID: 22125437 PMCID: PMC3201678 DOI: 10.1100/2011/761768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Accepted: 10/10/2011] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tooth movement induced by orthodontic treatment can cause sequential reactions involving the periodontal tissue and alveolar bone, resulting in the release of numerous substances from the dental tissues and surrounding structures. To better understand the biological processes involved in orthodontic treatment, improve treatment, and reduce adverse side effects, several of these substances have been proposed as biomarkers. Potential biological markers can be collected from different tissue samples, and suitable sampling is important to accurately reflect biological processes. This paper covers the tissue changes that are involved during orthodontic tooth movement such as at compression region (involving osteoblasts), tension region (involving osteoclasts), dental root, and pulp tissues. Besides, the involvement of stem cells and their development towards osteoblasts and osteoclasts during orthodontic treatment have also been explained. Several possible biomarkers representing these biological changes during specific phenomenon, that is, bone remodelling (formation and resorption), inflammation, and root resorption have also been proposed. The knowledge of these biomarkers could be used in accelerating orthodontic treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahrul Hisham Zainal Ariffin
- School of Biosciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia.
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Rohaya M, Hisham ZS, Khazlina K. Preliminary Study of Aspartate Aminotransferase Activity in Gingival Crevicular Fluids During Orthodontic Tooth Movement. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.3923/jas.2009.1393.1396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Mechanical responses to orthodontic loading: A 3-dimensional finite element multi-tooth model. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2009; 135:174-81. [PMID: 19201323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2006] [Revised: 03/01/2007] [Accepted: 03/01/2007] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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A. Asma A, W. Rohaya M, Shahrul Hi Z. Crevicular Alkaline Phosphatase Activity During Orthodontic Tooth Movement: Canine Retraction Stage. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL SCIENCES 2008. [DOI: 10.3923/jms.2008.228.233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Bertoldo F, Santini D, Lo Cascio V. Bisphosphonates and osteomyelitis of the jaw: a pathogenic puzzle. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 4:711-21. [PMID: 18037875 DOI: 10.1038/ncponc1000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2006] [Accepted: 05/24/2007] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The maxillary and mandibular bones undergo high-turnover remodeling to maintain mechanical competence. Common dental or periodontal diseases can increase local bone turnover. Bisphosphonates (BPs) accumulate almost exclusively in skeletal sites that have active bone remodeling. The maxillary and mandibular bones are preferential sites for accumulation of BPs, which become buried under new layers of bone and remain biologically inactive for a long time. Surgical odontostomatological procedures create open bony wounds that heal quickly and without infection, as a result of activation of osteoclasts and subsequently osteoblasts. Once BPs are removed from the bone via activation of osteoclasts after a tooth extraction or a periodontal procedure, they induce osteoclast apoptosis. This inhibition of osteoclast bone resorption impairs bone wound healing because of decreased production of cytokines derived from the bone matrix, and the bone is exposed to the risk of osteomyelitis and necrosis. The pathogenic relationship between BPs and osteonecrosis of the jaw is unclear, but there is evidence to indicate an association between high-dose BP treatment and exposure to dental infections or oral surgical procedures. A better knowledge of the interactions between BPs and jaw and maxillary bone biology will improve clinical and therapeutic approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Bertoldo
- Internal Medicine, Bone Mineral Metabolism Unit, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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Bradaschia-Correa V, Massa LF, Arana-Chavez VE. Effects of alendronate on tooth eruption and molar root formation in young growing rats. Cell Tissue Res 2007; 330:475-85. [PMID: 17901984 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-007-0499-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2007] [Accepted: 08/28/2007] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tooth eruption consists of the movement of teeth from the bony crypt in which they initiate their development to the occlusal plane in the oral cavity. Interactions between the tooth germ and its surrounding alveolar bone occur in order to offer spatial conditions for its development and eruption. This involves bone remodeling during which resorption is a key event. Bisphosphonates are a group of drugs that interfere with the resorption of mineralized tissues. With the purpose of investigating the effects of sodium alendronate (a potent bisphosphonate inhibitor of osteoclast activity) on alveolar bone during tooth development and eruption, we gave newborn rats daily doses of this drug for 4, 14, and 30 days. Samples of the maxillary alveolar process containing the tooth germs were processed for light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy and were also submitted to tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase histochemistry and high-resolution colloidal-gold immunolabeling for osteopontin. Inhibition of osteoclast activity by sodium alendronate caused the absence of tooth eruption. The lack of alveolar bone remodeling resulted in primary bone with the presence of latent osteoclasts and abundant osteopontin at the interfibrillar regions. The developing bone trabeculae invaded the dental follicle and reached the molar tooth germs, provoking deformities in enamel surfaces. No root formation was observed. These findings suggested that alendronate effectively inhibited tooth eruption by interfering with the activation of osteoclasts, which remained in a latent stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivian Bradaschia-Correa
- Laboratory of Mineralized Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Jimenez-Pellegrin C, Arana-Chavez VE. Root resorption repair in mandibular first premolars after rotation. A transmission electron microscopy analysis combined with immunolabeling of osteopontin. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2007; 132:230-6. [PMID: 17693375 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2007.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2006] [Revised: 03/09/2007] [Accepted: 03/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A previous study with scanning electron microscopy showed that orthodontic root resorption occurs at the lateral surfaces of premolar roots for 2 to 6 weeks after orthodontic rotation. The purpose of this investigation was to observe how resorbed cementum repairs during rotation movement. METHODS Twenty-one mandibular first premolars from 12 patients, orthodontically indicated for extraction, were used. They were intra-individually divided into 2 groups: 8 teeth were not moved (control group), and 13 were rotated (experimental group). In the experimental group, a rotational force (25 g both buccally and lingually) with a precise biomechanical model, individually calibrated, was applied for 2, 3, 4, or 6 weeks. After extraction, the teeth were fixed and decalcified, and 8 were conventionally processed for transmission electron microscopy, and 13 teeth were processed for high-resolution immunocytochemistry by using an antibody against osteopontin. The samples were analyzed in a transmission electron microscope. RESULTS This examination showed areas of repair in previously resorbed lacunae in the experimental group. Both the clastic cells and the root surface showed immunolabeling for osteopontin. In addition to areas of cementum resorption and various degrees of cell and extracellular matrix degeneration, active cementoblasts and fibroblasts in several stages of differentiation and activity appeared adjacent to newly synthesized collagen fibers, thus reestablishing the function of the periodontal ligament. CONCLUSIONS We concluded that cementum repair occurs after resorption during rotation movement and that noncollagenous matrix protein osteopontin plays a role in both resorbing and repairing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Jimenez-Pellegrin
- Laboratory of Mineralized Tissue Biology, Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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Casa MA, Faltin RM, Faltin K, Arana-Chavez VE. Root Resorption on Torqued Human Premolars Shown by Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase Histochemistry and Transmission Electron Microscopy. Angle Orthod 2006; 76:1015-21. [PMID: 17090156 DOI: 10.2319/071505-233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2005] [Accepted: 12/01/2005] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objective: To identify clastic cells on the root surfaces of torqued human premolars.
Materials and Methods: A continuous force of 600 cNmm was applied to upper first premolars in patients 13–16 years of age by using a precise biomechanical model with superelastic wires (NiTi-SE). The 28 teeth in 14 patients were divided into five groups (control [nonmoved], and moved for either 1, 2, 3, or 4 weeks) and processed for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) histochemistry and transmission electron microscopy.
Results: Mononuclear TRAP-positive cells appeared at 2 weeks, wheras large multinucleated TRAP-positive cells were numerous at 3 and 4 weeks. Ultrastructural examination revealed many clastic cells in contact with resorption lacunae. In addition, some cementoblast-like cells appeared secreting new cementum over previously resorbed lacunae.
Conclusions: In general, resorption lacunae and the number of clastic cells, which increased with the duration of the applied force, were found on the cementum surface at the pressure areas. Some signs of cementum repair were also noticed, even with the maintenance of the level of the force.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauricio A Casa
- Mineralized Tissue Biology, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Krishnan V, Davidovitch Z. Cellular, molecular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic force. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 129:469.e1-32. [PMID: 16627171 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2005.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 545] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2005] [Revised: 08/13/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Remodeling changes in paradental tissues are considered essential in effecting orthodontic tooth movement. The force-induced tissue strain produces local alterations in vascularity, as well as cellular and extracellular matrix reorganization, leading to the synthesis and release of various neurotransmitters, cytokines, growth factors, colony-stimulating factors, and metabolites of arachidonic acid. Recent research in the biological basis of tooth movement has provided detailed insight into molecular, cellular, and tissue-level reactions to orthodontic forces. Although many studies have been reported in the orthodontic and related scientific literature, a concise convergence of all data is still lacking. Such an amalgamation of the rapidly accumulating scientific information should help orthodontic clinicians and educators understand the biological processes that underlie the phenomenon of tooth movement with mechanics (removable, fixed, or functional appliances). This review aims to achieve this goal and is organized to include all major findings from the beginning of research in the biology of tooth movement. It highlights recent developments in cellular, molecular, tissue, and genetic reactions in response to orthodontic force application. It reviews briefly the processes of bone, periodontal ligament, and gingival remodeling in response to orthodontic force. This review also provides insight into the biological background of various deleterious effects of orthodontic forces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Krishnan
- Department of Orthodontics, Rajas Dental College, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, India.
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Chan E, Darendeliler MA. Physical properties of root cementum: Part 7. Extent of root resorption under areas of compression and tension. Am J Orthod Dentofacial Orthop 2006; 129:504-10. [PMID: 16627176 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajodo.2004.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2004] [Revised: 12/15/2004] [Accepted: 12/15/2004] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The aim of this article was to quantify the extent of root resorption in areas of compression or tension under light and heavy buccal tipping orthodontic forces. METHODS The sample consisted of 36 premolars in 16 patients. On 1 side, light (25 g) or heavy (225 g) buccal tipping orthodontic forces were activated for 28 days. The contralateral side in each patient served as the control (0 g). The teeth were extracted, disinfected, imaged under a scanning electron microscope, and analyzed with commercial stereo imaging computer software modified for this study. Buccal and lingual surfaces were divided into 3 equal regions: cervical, middle, and apical. The root surface areas of these regions were documented with straight-on images. Quantification of resorption craters by using volumetric analysis was performed from stereo images taken at +/-3 degrees. The degree of resorption was correlated to the amount of surface area under compression or tension. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS The buccal cervical region had 8.16-fold more root resorption in the heavy-force group compared with the light-force group (P <.01). The other regions did not seem to have significant differences in the force levels. In the experimental teeth, there was more root resorption in the high-compression regions than in the other regions (P <.01). There were similar amounts of resorption per unit area on the lingual apical and buccal cervical regions. Regions under compression had more root resorption than regions under tension. There was more resorption in regions under heavy compression than in regions under light compression (P <.01). There was also more root resorption in regions under heavy tension than in regions under light tension (P <.01).
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Chan
- Faculty of Dentistry, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, South West Area Health Services, Australia
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