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Yamanaka R, Usui M, Kobayashi K, Onizuka S, Kasai S, Sano K, Hironaka S, Yamasaki R, Yoshii S, Sato T, Fujii W, Iwasaki M, Ariyoshi W, Nakashima K, Nishihara T. Evaluation of a Novel Immunochromatographic Device for Detecting Porphyromonas gingivalis in Patients with Periodontal Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8187. [PMID: 39125757 PMCID: PMC11311996 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Porphyromonas gingivalis is the most pathogenic periodontal bacterium in the world. Recently, P. gingivalis has been considered responsible for dysbiosis during the development of periodontitis. This study aimed to evaluate a novel immunochromatographic device using monoclonal antibodies against P. gingivalis in subgingival plaques. A total of 72 patients with chronic periodontitis and 53 periodontally healthy volunteers underwent clinical and microbiological examinations. Subgingival plaque samples were analyzed for the presence of P. gingivalis and compared using real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the periodontitis group, a significant positive correlation was observed between the test device scores and the real-time PCR results. The specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value, and accuracy of the test device for P. gingivalis, as determined by real-time PCR, were 98%, 94%, 89%, and 90%, respectively. There were significant differences in bacterial counts by real-time PCR among the groups with different ranges of device scores. Additionally, there was a significant positive correlation between the device scores for P. gingivalis and periodontal parameters. These results suggest that this novel immunochromatographic device can be effectively used for rapid detection and semi-quantification of P. gingivalis in subgingival plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieko Yamanaka
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Michihiko Usui
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Kaoru Kobayashi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (K.K.); (R.Y.); (W.A.); (T.N.)
| | - Satoru Onizuka
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Shingo Kasai
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Kotaro Sano
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Shou Hironaka
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Ryota Yamasaki
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (K.K.); (R.Y.); (W.A.); (T.N.)
| | - Shinji Yoshii
- Division of Promoting Learning Design Education, Department of Physical Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan;
| | - Tsuyoshi Sato
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (T.S.); (W.F.)
| | - Wataru Fujii
- School of Oral Health Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (T.S.); (W.F.)
| | - Masanori Iwasaki
- Division of Preventive Dentistry, Department of Oral Health Science, Graduate School of Dental Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita 13, Nishi 7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8586, Hokkaido, Japan;
| | - Wataru Ariyoshi
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (K.K.); (R.Y.); (W.A.); (T.N.)
| | - Keisuke Nakashima
- Division of Periodontology, Department of Oral Function, Kyushu Dental University, 2-6-1 Manazuru, Kokurakita-ku, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (R.Y.); (S.O.); (S.K.); (K.S.); (S.H.); (K.N.)
| | - Tatsuji Nishihara
- Division of Infections and Molecular Biology, Department of Health Promotion, Kyushu Dental University, Kitakyushu 803-8580, Fukuoka, Japan; (K.K.); (R.Y.); (W.A.); (T.N.)
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Ejeil A, Gaultier F, Catherine B, Chaubron F, Lupi L, Dridi S. Periodontal and microbiological data in patients with mucous membrane pemphigoid in a French population in 2021-2022: A pilot cross-sectional study. Health Sci Rep 2024; 7:e2163. [PMID: 39072352 PMCID: PMC11273292 DOI: 10.1002/hsr2.2163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/13/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims In the case of mucous membrane pemphigoid with gingival expression (gMMP), the complete healing of the gingiva is generally not achieved despite medical treatment. Therefore, patients' oral comfort is impaired. The dysbiotic periodontal microbiota, generated by a lack of oral hygiene associated with persistent gingival pain, could the immunopathological mechanism to persist. The main objective of this study was to characterize the subgingival microbiota of the gMMP patients, and to highlight a potential link between this microbiological data and the clinical data. Methods Subgingival biofilm was collected from 15 gMMP patients, medically treated or not, but not receiving periodontal treatment. The usual clinical periodontal parameters were recorded. The biofilm was analyzed by polymerase chain reaction quantitative. The risk factors of severe erosive gingivitis and severe periodontitis were assessed using Chi-square or Fischer's exact test were used. Results Whatever the medical and periodontal conditions of the patients, the results showed the existence of three main communities of periodontopathic, dysbiotic bacteria. The first including Tannnerella forsythia, Peptostreptococcus micros, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Campylobacter rectus, was found in 100% of the patients, the second enriched with Treponema denticola in 60% and the third enriched with Porphyromonas gingivalis and Prevotella intermedia in 26%. Furthermore, there was a significant positive link between the duration of gMMP and the severity of erosive gingivitis (p = 0.009), and the loss of deep periodontal tissue (p = 0.04). Conclusion This pilot study suggests a high periodontal risk in gMMP patients. The pathological processes, autoimmune on the one hand and plaque-induced on the other, may amplify each other. The application of periodontal therapy is therefore necessary in parallel with medical treatment. Nevertheless, further controlled studies are required to validate and complement these preliminary results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne‐Laure Ejeil
- Faculty of Dental SurgeryUniversity Paris CitéParisFrance
- Department of oral surgeryBretonneau Hospital AP‐HPParisFrance
| | - Frédérick Gaultier
- Faculty of Dental SurgeryUniversity Paris CitéParisFrance
- Department of oral surgeryHenri Mondor Hospital AP‐HPCréteilFrance
| | - Bisson Catherine
- Department of OdontologyUniversity LorraineNancyFrance
- Faculty of Dental SurgeryUniversity LorraineNancyFrance
| | - Franck Chaubron
- Biotechnology Laboratory SF BiotechInstitut ClinidentAix en ProvenceFrance
| | - Laurence Lupi
- Faculty of Dental SurgeryUniversity Cote d'AzurNiceFrance
- CHU NiceInstitut RiquierFrance
- Laboratory MICORALIS UPR 7354University Cote d'AzurNiceFrance
| | - Sophie‐Myriam Dridi
- Faculty of Dental SurgeryUniversity Cote d'AzurNiceFrance
- CHU NiceInstitut RiquierFrance
- Laboratory MICORALIS UPR 7354University Cote d'AzurNiceFrance
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Ahlat M, Aydin C, Kaya S, Baysallar M. Identification of root canal microbiota profiles of periapical tissue diseases using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Anaerobe 2023; 84:102791. [PMID: 37925063 DOI: 10.1016/j.anaerobe.2023.102791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The purpose of this study was to identify microorganisms isolated from various periapical tissue diseases using Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-MS) and classify them via an unsupervised machine learning approach. METHODS A total of 150 patients with various apical conditions and teeth in need of endodontic retreatment were divided into five groups, including Retreatment, Acute Apical Abscess, Chronic Apical Abscess, Acute Apical Periodontitis, and Chronic Apical Periodontitis. Samples were collected from root canals using paper points after agitating with a #10 K file then microorganisms were identified using MALDI-TOF-MS. Data were analyzed using a hierarchical clustering method. Quadruple clusters and dendrograms were formed according to similarities and dissimilarities. RESULTS A total of 80 species were identified representative of six different phyla. The most similar microorganism species identified were: ''Enterococcus faecalis'' between 21 and 23-year-old female cases in Retreatment group; ''Lactobacillus rhamnosus'' between 20 and 18-year-old male cases in Symptomatic Apical Abscess cases; ''Lactobacillus paracasei'' between 26 and 40-year-old male cases in Asymptomatic Apical Abscess cases; ''Enterococcus faecalis'' between 48 and 50-year-old female cases in Symptomatic Apical Periodontitis cases; ''Lactobacillus rhamnosus'' between 48 and 60-year-old male cases in Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis cases. CONCLUSIONS MALDI-TOF MS can be considered a fast and high-throughput screening technique for microbial species identification in endodontics. Thus, it will provide valuable data for future research designs regarding periapical tissue diseases. As the MALDI-TOF MS database expands and comprehensive data becomes available, the relationship between microbial profiles and disease progression will become increasingly apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mete Ahlat
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Cumhur Aydin
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Dentistry, Department of Endodontics, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Sinem Kaya
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Mehmet Baysallar
- University of Health Sciences, Gulhane Faculty of Medicine, Department of Medical Microbiology, Ankara, Turkey.
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Ganter P, Al-Ahmad A, Wrbas KT, Hellwig E, Altenburger MJ. The use of computer-assisted FACE for minimal-invasive caries excavation. Clin Oral Investig 2013; 18:745-51. [PMID: 23828194 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-013-1022-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2012] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Caries excavation is still a demanding procedure today. In the past years, methods using light-induced fluorescence have proven their ability to detect bacteria remaining in the tooth's hard tissues. However, methods to control the complete removal of infected dentine have not yet been validated. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the degree of dentine removal during caries excavation using a camera- and software-based device as a guide for fluorescence-aided caries excavation (FACE) in comparison to visual-tactile inspection and a dye-staining method. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred teeth with carious lesions (C3) were randomly allocated to four groups and excavated with the respective method as primary excavation control method. When the first method indicated complete caries excavation, a second method was used to affirm this. Subsequently, dentine samples were taken to determine residual contamination using PCR. After embedding and sectioning the teeth dentine, microhardness was measured perpendicular to the cavity floor. RESULTS By using the camera- and software-based device, 94 % of the cavities tested were free of bacterial contamination. All cavities excavated with the dye-staining or visual-tactile control method were free of bacterial contamination but resulted in a significantly higher dentine removal. CONCLUSION The camera- and software-assisted caries excavation seems to be an adequate method to remove contaminated dentine without removing affected dentine. CLINICAL RELEVANCE Beside its original application to monitor carious, the device is safe, effective, and easy to use for guided caries excavation and is of worth for both everyday practice and undergraduate education.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip Ganter
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, University Hospital and Dental School, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Cunha RF, Machado AC, Watanabe S, Freire IR, Goiato MC, Júnior EGJ. A combination of clinical and microbiological management of generalized aggressive periodontitis in primary teeth. A case report. Int J Paediatr Dent 2012; 22:310-6. [PMID: 22066568 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-263x.2011.01194.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Generalized aggressive periodontitis (GAP) in primary teeth is a rare periodontal disease that occurs during or soon after eruption of the primary teeth. An association with systemic diseases is a possibility. CASE REPORT A 4-year-old Brazilian girl presented with GAP involving the entire primary dentition. The patient and her parents and sister were subjected to microbiological testing to identify the microorganisms involved in the disease. The patient underwent tooth extraction to eradicate the disease and received a prosthesis for the restoration of masticatory function. After the permanent teeth erupted, fixed orthodontic appliances were place to restore dental arch form and occlusion. CONCLUSIONS The results show the importance of an early diagnosis of GAP and of a multidisciplinary approach involving laboratory and clinical management to treat the disease and to restore masticatory function, providing a better quality of life for patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robson F Cunha
- Department of Social and Pediatric Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University, Araçatuba, SP, Brazil.
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Aksebzeci BH, Asyalı MH, Kahraman Y, Er Ö, Kaya E, Özbilge H, Kara S. Classification of root canal microorganisms using electronic-nose and discriminant analysis. Biomed Eng Online 2010; 9:77. [PMID: 21092166 PMCID: PMC3224911 DOI: 10.1186/1475-925x-9-77] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2010] [Accepted: 11/22/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Root canal treatment is a debridement process which disrupts and removes entire microorganisms from the root canal system. Identification of microorganisms may help clinicians decide on treatment alternatives such as using different irrigants, intracanal medicaments and antibiotics. However, the difficulty in cultivation and the complexity in isolation of predominant anaerobic microorganisms make clinicians resort to empirical medical treatments. For this reason, identification of microorganisms is not a routinely used procedure in root canal treatment. In this study, we aimed at classifying 7 different standard microorganism strains which are frequently seen in root canal infections, using odor data collected using an electronic nose instrument. METHOD Our microorganism odor data set consisted of 5 repeated samples from 7 different classes at 4 concentration levels. For each concentration, 35 samples were classified using 3 different discriminant analysis methods. In order to determine an optimal setting for using electronic-nose in such an application, we have tried 3 different approaches in evaluating sensor responses. Moreover, we have used 3 different sensor baseline values in normalizing sensor responses. Since the number of sensors is relatively large compared to sample size, we have also investigated the influence of two different dimension reduction methods on classification performance. RESULTS We have found that quadratic type discriminant analysis outperforms other varieties of this method. We have also observed that classification performance decreases as the concentration decreases. Among different baseline values used for pre-processing the sensor responses, the model where the minimum values of sensor readings in the sample were accepted as the baseline yields better classification performance. Corresponding to this optimal choice of baseline value, we have noted that among different sensor response model and feature reduction method combinations, the difference model with standard deviation based dimension reduction or normalized fractional difference model with principal component analysis based dimension reduction results in the best overall performance across different concentrations. CONCLUSION Our results reveal that the electronic nose technology is a promising and convenient alternative for classifying microorganisms that cause root canal infections. With our comprehensive approach, we have also determined optimal settings to obtain higher classification performance using this technology and discriminant analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bekir H Aksebzeci
- Zirve University, Faculty of Engineering, Department of Electrical & Electronics Eng,, 27260 Gaziantep, Turkey
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Ramos MMB, Gaetti-Jardim EC, Gaetti-Jardim Junior E. Resistance to tetracycline and β-lactams and distribution of resistance markers in enteric microorganisms and pseudomonads isolated from the oral cavity. J Appl Oral Sci 2009; 17 Suppl:13-8. [PMID: 21499650 PMCID: PMC5467367 DOI: 10.1590/s1678-77572009000700004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2009] [Accepted: 02/19/2010] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
This study evaluated the occurrence of enteric bacteria and pseudomonads resistant to tetracycline and β-lactams in the oral cavity of patients exhibiting gingivitis (n=89), periodontitis (n=79), periodontally healthy (n=50) and wearing complete dentures (n=41). Microbial identification and presence of resistance markers associated with the production of β-lactamases and tetracycline resistance were performed by using biochemical tests and PCR. Susceptibility tests were carried out in 201 isolates of enteric cocci and rods. Resistance to ampicillin, amoxicillin/clavulanic acid, imipenem, meropenem and tetracycline was detected in 57.4%, 34.6%, 2.4%, 1.9% and 36.5% of the isolates, respectively. β-lactamase production was observed in 41.2% of tested microorganisms, while the most commonly found β-lactamase genetic determinant was gene blaTEM. Tetracycline resistance was disseminated and a wide scope of tet genes were detected in all studied microbial genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Marie Buso Ramos
- Department of Pathology and Clinical Propedeutics, School of Dentistry of Araçatuba, São Paulo State University
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Gaetti-Jardim Júnior E, Nakano V, Wahasugui TC, Cabral FC, Gamba R, Avila-Campos MJ. Occurrence of yeasts, enterococci and other enteric bacteria in subgingival biofilm of HIV-positive patients with chronic gingivitis and necrotizing periodontitis. Braz J Microbiol 2008; 39:257-61. [PMID: 24031212 PMCID: PMC3768404 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-838220080002000011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2007] [Revised: 02/08/2008] [Accepted: 05/04/2008] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of enteric bacteria and yeasts in biofilm of 80 HIV-positive patients with plaque-associated gingivitis or necrotizing periodontitis. Patients were subjected to extra, intra oral and radiographic examinations. The oral hygiene, bleeding on probing, gingival conditions, and attachment loss were evaluated. Clinical specimens were collected from gingival crevices or periodontal pockets, transferred to VMGA III, diluted and transferred to Sabouraud Dextrose agar with 100 μg/ml of chloramphenicol, peptone water, EVA broth, EMB agar, SS agar, Bile esculin agar and Brilliant green agar. Isolation of yeasts was carried out at room temperature, for 3-7 days; and for the isolation of enteric microorganisms plates were incubated at 37°C, for 24-48 h. The yeasts identification was performed according to the carbon and nitrogen assimilation, fermentation of carbohydrates and germ tube formation. Bacteria were identified according to their colonial and cellular morphologies and biochemical tests. Yeasts were identified as Candida albicans and its occurrence was more common in patients with CD4+ below 200/mm3 and was affected by the extension of periodontal involvement (P = 0.0345). Enteric bacteria recovered from clinical specimens were identified as Enterobacter sakazakii, Enterobacter cloacae, Serratia liquefaciens, Klebsiella oxytoca and Enterococcus sp. Enterobacteriaceae and enterococci were detected in 32.5% of clinical samples from patients with necrotizing periodontitis. In conclusion, non-oral pathogenic bacteria and C. albicans were more prevalent in periodontal sites of HIV-positive patients with necrotizing periodontitis and chronic gingivitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elerson Gaetti-Jardim Júnior
- Laboratório de Patologia, Faculdade de Odontologia de Araçatuba, Universidade Estadual de São Paulo , Araçatuba, SP , Brasil
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Verner C, Lemaitre P, Daniel A, Giumelli B, Lakhssassi N, Sixou M. Carpegen�real-time polymerase chain reaction vs. anaerobic culture for periodontal pathogen identification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006; 21:341-6. [PMID: 17064390 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2006.00297.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The aim of this study was to compare two methods of microbiological diagnosis, anaerobic bacterial culture and real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR), for the detection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans, Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Treponema denticola. METHODS Seventy-two samples were collected from 18 patients who were suffering from aggressive periodontitis. The data obtained were compared for the two methods. RESULTS The results obtained with real-time PCR were different from those obtained with bacterial culture. The detection differences were 3% for A. actinomycetemcomitans, 8.33% for P. intermedia, and 12.5% for F. nucleatum. However, the differences for P. gingivalis and T. forsythia were 51.39% and 36.11%, respectively. No comparison was possible for T. denticola because it cannot be identified in culture. The variations found were the result of the better detection level (10(2) pathogens) of the PCR probe. Unlike bacterial culture, PCR allows the detection of T. denticola, which does not forming colonies and is oxygen sensitive. For F. nucleatum, T. forsythia and P. gingivalis, the real-time PCR technique was more sensitive than culture. CONCLUSION Good results were obtained with the real-time PCR technique for the six periopathogens targeted. This method seems to be indicated for its simplicity, rapidity and reproducibility but it cannot analyze data for an antibiotic susceptibility test. The periodontist must therefore choose one of these two methods according to his specific clinical objective: to obtain rapid, specific detection even with weak initial concentrations (but for targeted periopathogens only) or to be non-specific and analyze the pathological activity with an antibiogram.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Verner
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Nantes, France
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Nair MK, Bezik J. Tuned-aperture computed tomography for detection of induced mid-buccal/lingual alveolar bone defects. J Periodontol 2006; 77:1833-8. [PMID: 17076608 DOI: 10.1902/jop.2006.050452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The detection of bone loss in mid-buccal and lingual crests is impossible using conventional radiographs because of the superimposition of overlying anatomy and lack of three-dimensional information. The purpose of this study was to compare the diagnostic efficacy of tuned-aperture computed tomography (TACT) and conventional two-dimensional direct digital radiography (DDR) in an in vitro environment. METHODS A total of 45 mandibular molars had 0.8-mm lesions on mid-buccal/lingual crestal areas. Half of the sites received defects, whereas the other half served as controls. Nine DDR images were used to generate TACT slices that were further subjected to iterative restoration (TACT-IR). Eight observers used a confidence rating scale to record diagnoses. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis was done, and areas under the curves were computed (A(z)) as indicators of diagnostic accuracy. Analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used to test for effects of observer, imaging modality, and location on the detection of lesions. RESULTS TACT-IR performed significantly better than DDR. There was a significant difference in the accuracy of diagnosis based on observers (P <0.001). CONCLUSION TACT-IR appears to be the imaging modality of choice for the detection of small osseous changes on crestal bone in mid-buccal/lingual sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Nair
- Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology, College of Dentistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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Lakhssassi N, Sixou M. Variabilité de l'efficacité de l'érythromycine et de la spiramycine sur les pathogènes parodontaux dans les parodontites agressives. Étude in vitro comparative. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 53:527-35. [PMID: 16087299 DOI: 10.1016/j.patbio.2005.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2005] [Accepted: 06/27/2005] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Erythromycin (ERY) and spiramycin (SPI) are the most frequently prescribed macrolides by dentists. However, the emergence of resistant anaerobic subgingival bacteria imposes an increased vigilance. This study aims to compare these macrolides efficacy on principal periopathogens. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty adult patients with aggressive periodontitis were selected and a total of 60 samples were taken from subgingival flora. Bacterial strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Peptostreptococcus micros and Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans were isolated according to J. Slots's rapid identification method. The susceptibilities to ERY and SPI were studied using disk diffusion susceptibility test and minimum inhibitory concentration test (MIC test). RESULTS The efficiency variability of ERY and SPI on the 50 isolated anaerobic periopathogens was present either interindividually (between different patients) and intra-individually (within the same patient). While 68% of the tested anaerobic bacteria were sensitive to SPI (22% resistant), only 54% were sensitive to ERY (34% resistant). Although moderate, the efficacy of SPI seemed more regular in general than ERY: it's variation coefficient (40%) is lower than the ERY one (53%). The 7 A. actinomycetemcomitans tested showed all a high resistance. CONCLUSION In a general way, the spectre of activity of SPI is stacked in that of ERY. However, this study shows a better and regular activity of SPI on the main tested periopathogens. These results are in favour of the use of SPI in periodontology when penicillins and doxycycline are not useful because specific problems are identified (allergy, pregnancy...).
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lakhssassi
- Department of Epidemiology of Infectious Disease, Laboratory of the Buccal and Biomaterial Ecosystem, Faculty of Oral Surgery-Toulouse, Université Paul-Sabatier, 3 chemin des Maraîchers, 31062 Toulouse cedex 04, France.
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Lakhssassi N, Elhajoui N, Lodter JP, Pineill JL, Sixou M. Antimicrobial susceptibility variation of 50 anaerobic periopathogens in aggressive periodontitis: an interindividual variability study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 20:244-52. [PMID: 15943770 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-302x.2005.00225.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS The frequent use of antibiotics in developed countries has led to the emergence of widespread bacterial resistance. In this study, the interindividual variability of the antibiotic susceptibility of 50 putative microorganisms in aggressive periodontitis patients has been evaluated by means of VC (variation coefficient). MATERIAL AND METHODS A total of 60 microbial samples were collected from 20 adult patients diagnosed with aggressive periodontitis (2-4 samples by patient). Bacterial strains of Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia, Tannerella forsythia, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Peptostreptococcus micros were isolated according to Slots' rapid identification method. The susceptibilities to 10 antibiotics were studied: penicillin G (PEN), ampicillin (AMP), amoxicillin (AMX), amoxicillin/clavulanate (AMC), tetracycline (TET), doxycycline (DOX), ciprofloxacin (CIP), erythromycin (ERY), spiramycin (SPI) and clindamycin (CLIN), using the Disk Diffusion Susceptibility test (DDS test: Kirby-Bauer's modified method for anaerobic bacteria). The broth microdilution Minimum Inhibitory Concentration test was carried out as a control test. RESULTS Among the 50 identified bacteria, 15 were P. gingivalis, 12 P. intermedia, 8 T. forsythia, 9 F. nucleatum, and 6 P. micros. The results of the DDS test show that penicillins (especially AMC, AMP, and AMX), cyclines (especially DOX) and CLIN are highly effective against the 50 anaerobic studied bacteria. CIP and ERY have the lowest efficacy against those bacteria. CIP shows a very variable activity according to anaerobic bacteria species, being particularly inactive against P. gingivalis and very efficient against T. forsythia and P. micros. SPI is also highly efficient but not against P. micros. CONCLUSIONS The interindividual susceptibility of principal periodontal pathogens to antibiotics is not homogeneous and seems to vary according to bacterial species and antimicrobial molecules. This variability seems to be greater with older molecules (PEN, TET, ERY) than with more recent ones, which indicates more stable results (AMC, AMX, AMP, and DOX). P. intermedia appeared to be the bacteria most resistant to penicillins and showed the highest coefficient variation. Together with scaling and root planing, the combination of two antibiotics would therefore seem to be recommended in the treatment of aggressive periodontitis, particularly in the presence of P. intermedia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lakhssassi
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Infectious Diseases, Clinical Research Study Group, Faculty of Dentistry, Paul-Sabatier University, Toulouse, France
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Siqueira JF, Rôças IN. Exploiting Molecular Methods to Explore Endodontic Infections: Part 1—Current Molecular Technologies for Microbiological Diagnosis. J Endod 2005; 31:411-23. [PMID: 15917679 DOI: 10.1097/01.don.0000157989.44949.26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Endodontic infections have been traditionally studied by culture-dependent methods. However, as with other areas of clinical microbiology, culture-based investigations are plagued by significant problems, including the probable involvement of viable but uncultivable micro-organisms with disease causation and inaccurate microbial identification. Innumerous molecular technologies have been used for microbiological diagnosis in clinical microbiology, but only recently some of these techniques have been applied in endodontic microbiology research. This paper intended to review the main molecular methods that have been used or have the potential to be used in the study of endodontic infections. Moreover, advantages and limitations of current molecular techniques when compared to conventional methods for microbial identification are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Siqueira
- Department of Endodontics, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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