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Lecavalier L, Wood JJ, Halladay AK, Jones NE, Aman MG, Cook EH, Handen BL, King BH, Pearson DA, Hallett V, Sullivan KA, Grondhuis S, Bishop SL, Horrigan JP, Dawson G, Scahill L. Measuring anxiety as a treatment endpoint in youth with autism spectrum disorder. J Autism Dev Disord 2014; 44:1128-43. [PMID: 24158679 PMCID: PMC3981870 DOI: 10.1007/s10803-013-1974-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Despite the high rate of anxiety in individuals with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), measuring anxiety in ASD is fraught with uncertainty. This is due, in part, to incomplete consensus on the manifestations of anxiety in this population. Autism Speaks assembled a panel of experts to conduct a systematic review of available measures for anxiety in youth with ASD. To complete the review, the panel held monthly conference calls and two face-to-face meetings over a fourteen-month period. Thirty eight published studies were reviewed and ten assessment measures were examined: four were deemed appropriate for use in clinical trials, although with conditions; three were judged to be potentially appropriate, while three were considered not useful for clinical trials assessing anxiety. Despite recent advances, additional relevant, reliable and valid outcome measures are needed to evaluate treatments for anxiety in ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Lecavalier
- Department of Psychology and Nisonger Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Jeffrey J. Wood
- Departments of Education and Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, University of California, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Nancy E. Jones
- Autism Speaks, New York, NY
- Neuren Pharmaceuticals Limited, Durham, NC
| | - Michael G. Aman
- Department of Psychology and Nisonger Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Edwin H. Cook
- Institute for Juvenile Research, Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago
| | | | - Bryan H. King
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington and Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, WA
| | - Deborah A. Pearson
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, University of Texas Medical School at Houston, TX
| | | | | | - Sabrina Grondhuis
- Department of Psychology and Nisonger Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH
| | - Somer L. Bishop
- Department of Psychology and Psychiatry, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY
| | | | - Geraldine Dawson
- Autism Speaks, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center
| | - Lawrence Scahill
- Department of Pediatrics, Marcus Center, Emory University in Atlanta, GA
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Sankaranarayanan A, Cycil C. Resiliency training in Indian children: a pilot investigation of the Penn Resiliency Program. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2014; 11:4125-39. [PMID: 24739766 PMCID: PMC4025032 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph110404125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2013] [Revised: 04/08/2014] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
This paper examines the effectiveness of the Penn Resiliency Program (PRP) in an urban Indian setting. The PRP is a program to prevent depression in early adolescence and has proved successful in changing children's attributional style of life events. While the program has been successful in preventing symptoms of depression in Western populations, the current study explored whether this program could be effective with an Indian sample. The aim of the current study was twofold; first, to study the attributional style of early adolescents in India and identify negative effects (if any) and second, to gain insights in using the PRP as a tool to change explanatory styles in Indian children. A total of 58 children participated in the study (Intervention group n = 29 and Control group n = 29). An Analysis of Covariance comparing post-test scores on Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ) while controlling for baseline scores indicated that children in the intervention group exhibited a significant reduction in pessimistic explanatory style and an increase in optimistic orientation compared to children in the control group. This indicates that the program was effective in changing negative attribution styles among upper-class Indian school children. Future work may look into the longer impact of the program as well as further considerations into adapting the program for a middle class population.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chandrika Cycil
- Department of Computer Science, Brunel University Uxbridge, London UB8 3PH, UK.
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Kennard BD, Stewart SM, Hughes JL, Jarrett RB, Emslie GJ. Developing Cognitive Behavioral Therapy to Prevent Depressive Relapse in Youth. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2008; 15:387-399. [PMID: 20535241 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2008.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Relapse rates for children and adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD) range from 30% to 40% within 1 to 2 years after acute treatment. Although relapse rates are high, there have been relatively few studies on the prevention of relapse in youth. While acute phase pharmacotherapy has been shown to reduce symptoms rapidly in depressed youth, children and adolescents frequently report ongoing residual symptoms and often relapse following acute treatment. Recent adult trials have begun examining augmentation with psychosocial treatment after successful medication treatment to enhance medication response and prevent future relapse. This strategy has not yet been examined in youth with depression. Here we present initial efforts to develop a sequential, combination treatment strategy to promoting rapid remission and to prevent relapse in depressed youth. We describe efforts to adapt CBT to prevent relapse (RP-CBT) in youth who respond to pharmacotherapy. The goals of RP-CBT include: preventing relapse, increasing wellness, and developing skills to promote and sustain a healthy emotional lifestyle. We describe the rationale for, components of, and methods used to develop RP-CBT. The results from a small open series sample demonstrate feasibility and indicate that youth appear to tolerate RP-CBT well. A future test of the treatment in a randomized controlled trial is described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beth D Kennard
- University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas
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Gladstone TR, Kaslow NJ, Seeley JR, Lewinsohn PM. Sex differences, attributional style, and depressive symptoms among adolescents. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 1997; 25:297-306. [PMID: 9304446 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025712419436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
This study examined attributional style, sex and depressive symptoms and diagnosis in high school students. The results revealed that (1) for females and males, higher levels of depressive symptoms correlated with a more depressive attributional style; (2) females and males who met diagnostic criteria for a current depressive disorder evidenced more depressogenic attributions than psychiatric controls, and never had past depressed adolescents; (3) although no sex differences in terms of attributional patterns for positive events, negative events, or for positive and negative events combined emerged, sex differences were revealed on a number of dimensional scores; (4) across the Children's Attributional Style Questionnaire (CASQ) subscale and dimensional scores, the relation between attributions and current self-reported depressive symptoms was stronger for females than males; and (5) no Sex x Diagnostic Group Status interaction effects emerged for CASQ subscale or dimensional scores. Implications of the complex findings from this large-scale, methodologically sophisticated study was addressed.
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Affiliation(s)
- T R Gladstone
- Harvard Medical School, Department of Psychiatry, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
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Kim LS, Sandler IN, Tein JY. Locus of control as a stress moderator and mediator in children of divorce. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 1997; 25:145-55. [PMID: 9109031 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025783513076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
This paper examined the stress moderator and mediator effects of four dimensions of perceived control in children of divorce. The dimensions of locus of control included internal control for positive events, internal control for negative events, unknown control for positive events, and unknown control for negative events. The sample consisted of 222 children between the ages of 8 and 12 whose parents had divorced in the previous 2 years. Moderational analyses showed that unknown control for positive events interacted with negative events to predict total symptoms. Plots of the simple slopes indicated a stress buffering effect whereby the slope of negative events on symptoms was higher for high than for low levels of unknown control for positive events. Mediational analysis showed that the relations between negative events and symptoms were mediated by both unknown control for positive events and unknown control for negative events. In contrast, evidence was not found for either a stress mediational or a moderational model for perceived internal control for positive or negative events. These results suggest that unknown control beliefs may be a particularly important dimension of control for children of divorce.
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Affiliation(s)
- L S Kim
- Arizona State University, Tempe 85287, USA
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Quiggle NL, Garber J, Panak WF, Dodge KA. Social Information Processing in Aggressive and Depressed Children. Child Dev 1992. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-8624.1992.tb01696.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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