1
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Chen JY, Oh Y, Kounios J, Lowe MR. An examination of frontal asymmetry in relation to eating in the absence of hunger and loss-of-control eating. Appetite 2023; 191:107090. [PMID: 37871365 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2023.107090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023]
Abstract
Loss-of-control (LOC) eating involves a subjective feeling that one cannot stop eating or control one's eating. Individuals with LOC eating may exhibit strong appetitive drives and weak inhibitory control, and these two opposing motivations have been related to EEG measurements of frontal asymmetry or lateralized frontal activation. The present study investigated whether frontal asymmetry is related to hedonic hunger, LOC eating severity and frequency, and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) in the laboratory. Fifty-nine individuals participated in an ostensible taste study after resting-state electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings. After the EEGs, they were provided a meal to eat until fullness, followed by an array of snacks and instructions to eat as much as they would like. The results indicated that several measures of right-frontal asymmetry were related to greater EAH and greater self-reported LOC eating severity. Although right-frontal asymmetry has been theorized to reflect avoidance motivation, recent evidence suggests it may indicate effortful control during approach-avoidance conflicts. Because individuals with LOC eating presumably experience heightened conflict between drives to eat beyond energy needs and to minimize such eating, those experiencing greater LOC may exert greater effort to manage these conflicting motivations. An integration of these neurobiological correlates of LOC eating may help provide a more comprehensive understanding of LOC eating and inform treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Y Chen
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Yongtaek Oh
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - John Kounios
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Michael R Lowe
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Drexel University, 3141 Chestnut Street, Suite 119, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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2
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Kirsten H, Seib-Pfeifer LE, Gibbons H. Effects of the calorie content of visual food stimuli and simulated situations on event-related frontal alpha asymmetry and event-related potentials in the context of food choices. Appetite 2021; 169:105805. [PMID: 34780810 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Approach and avoidance tendencies play an important role in everyday food choices when choosing between high-caloric, rather unhealthy, and low-caloric, rather healthy options. On a neuronal level, approach and avoidance motivation have been associated with asymmetrical activity of the frontal cortex, often quantified by alpha power averaged over several seconds of resting electroencephalogram (EEG). Going beyond the analysis of resting EEG, the present study aimed to investigate asymmetrical frontal activity in direct response to food stimuli in an event-related design and in combination with event-related potentials (ERPs). Therefore, a sample of 56 young and healthy participants completed a food choice task. They were asked to choose from a selection of high-caloric and low-caloric foods which they would want to eat on a normal day (baseline), when being on a diet, and in a reward situation. On the behavioural level, there was a clear preference for low-caloric foods. Well in line with that, time-frequency analyses of alpha asymmetry revealed relatively stronger temporary (950-1175 ms) left-hemispheric frontal activity, that is, a stronger approach tendency, in response to low-caloric as compared to high-caloric foods. Furthermore, larger P300 for low-caloric foods indicated an increased task relevance of low-caloric foods in the baseline and the reward situation. In contrast, the late positive potential (LPP), an index of subjective value, was larger for high-as compared to low-caloric foods, reflecting the intrinsic rewarding properties of high-caloric foods. ERPs, but not frontal alpha asymmetry, were influenced by the situational context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Kirsten
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
| | | | - Henning Gibbons
- Department of Psychology, University of Bonn, Kaiser-Karl-Ring 9, 53111, Bonn, Germany.
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3
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Lagast S, De Steur H, Gadeyne S, Hödl S, Staljanssens W, Vonck K, Boon P, Gellynck X, De Herdt V. Heart rate, electrodermal responses and frontal alpha asymmetry to accepted and non-accepted solutions and drinks. Food Qual Prefer 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2020.103893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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4
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Forcano L, Castellano M, Cuenca-Royo A, Goday-Arno A, Pastor A, Langohr K, Castañer O, Pérez-Vega KA, Serra C, Ruffini G, Alonso-Alonso M, Soria-Frisch A, de la Torre R. Prefrontal Cortex Neuromodulation Enhances Frontal Asymmetry and Reduces Caloric Intake in Patients with Morbid Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28:696-705. [PMID: 32144883 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 12/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The objective of this study was to test the feasibility of a combined intervention involving transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (dlPFC) and cognitive training (CT). Short-term effects on food consumption, cognition, endocannabinoid (eCB) levels, and electroencephalogram (EEG) markers of future weight loss were explored. METHODS Eighteen healthy volunteers with morbid obesity were randomized in a double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel trial. Participants received sham or active tDCS plus CT for four consecutive days. Cognitive performance, daily food intake, and eCB blood samples were collected before and after the intervention; EEG data were gathered before and after daily training. RESULTS The active tDCS + CT group reversed left-dominant frontal asymmetry and increased frontal coherence (FC) in the γ-band (30-45 Hz) after the intervention. The strength of the latter predicted BMI reduction. Additionally, a large intervention effect on food intake was shown in the active tDCS + CT group at follow-up (-339.6 ± 639 kcal on average), and there was a decrease of plasma eCB concentrations. CONCLUSIONS dlPFC modulation through tDCS + CT is an effective tool to restore right dominance of the dlPFC and enhance FC in patients with morbid obesity. Moreover, the effect of the strength of FC on BMI suggests that the interhemispheric FC at the dlPFC is functionally relevant for the efficient regulation of food choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Forcano
- Neurosciences Research Program. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | | | - Aida Cuenca-Royo
- Neurosciences Research Program. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Albert Goday-Arno
- Morbid Obesity Care Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Antoni Pastor
- Neurosciences Research Program. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Klaus Langohr
- Neurosciences Research Program. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Olga Castañer
- Neurosciences Research Program. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Karla Alejandra Pérez-Vega
- Unit of Cardiovascular Risk and Nutrition, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carme Serra
- Morbid Obesity Care Unit, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Giulio Ruffini
- Starlab Barcelona SL, Barcelona, Spain
- Neuroelectrics Corporation, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Miguel Alonso-Alonso
- Laboratory of Bariatric and Nutritional Neuroscience, Center for the Study of Nutrition Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | | | - Rafael de la Torre
- Neurosciences Research Program. Integrative Pharmacology and Systems Neuroscience Group, IMIM-Hospital del Mar Medical Research Institute, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y Nutrición (CIBEROBN), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
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5
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Morys F, Janssen LK, Cesnaite E, Beyer F, Garcia-Garcia I, Kube J, Kumral D, Liem F, Mehl N, Mahjoory K, Schrimpf A, Gaebler M, Margulies D, Villringer A, Neumann J, Nikulin VV, Horstmann A. Hemispheric asymmetries in resting-state EEG and fMRI are related to approach and avoidance behaviour, but not to eating behaviour or BMI. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:1136-1152. [PMID: 31750607 PMCID: PMC7267939 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2019] [Revised: 09/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Much of our behaviour is driven by two motivational dimensions—approach and avoidance. These have been related to frontal hemispheric asymmetries in clinical and resting‐state EEG studies: Approach was linked to higher activity of the left relative to the right hemisphere, while avoidance was related to the opposite pattern. Increased approach behaviour, specifically towards unhealthy foods, is also observed in obesity and has been linked to asymmetry in the framework of the right‐brain hypothesis of obesity. Here, we aimed to replicate previous EEG findings of hemispheric asymmetries for self‐reported approach/avoidance behaviour and to relate them to eating behaviour. Further, we assessed whether resting fMRI hemispheric asymmetries can be detected and whether they are related to approach/avoidance, eating behaviour and BMI. We analysed three samples: Sample 1 (n = 117) containing EEG and fMRI data from lean participants, and Samples 2 (n = 89) and 3 (n = 152) containing fMRI data from lean, overweight and obese participants. In Sample 1, approach behaviour in women was related to EEG, but not to fMRI hemispheric asymmetries. In Sample 2, approach/avoidance behaviours were related to fMRI hemispheric asymmetries. Finally, hemispheric asymmetries were not related to either BMI or eating behaviour in any of the samples. Our study partly replicates previous EEG findings regarding hemispheric asymmetries and indicates that this relationship could also be captured using fMRI. Our findings suggest that eating behaviour and obesity are likely to be mediated by mechanisms not directly relating to frontal asymmetries in neuronal activation quantified with EEG and fMRI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Morys
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Lieneke K Janssen
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Elena Cesnaite
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Frauke Beyer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Subproject A1/A5, CRC1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Jana Kube
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Brandenburg University of Technology Cottbus-Senftenberg, Cottbus, Germany
| | - Deniz Kumral
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Franziskus Liem
- University Research Priority Program "Dynamics of Healthy Aging", University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland.,Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy & Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nora Mehl
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Faculty of Psychology, Technical University Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Keyvan Mahjoory
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,University of Muenster, Institute for Biomagnetism and Biosignal Analysis, Muenster, Germany
| | - Anne Schrimpf
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Michael Gaebler
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Daniel Margulies
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Max Planck Research Group for Neuroanatomy & Connectivity, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Brain and Spine Institute, Paris, France
| | - Arno Villringer
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,MindBrainBody Institute at the Berlin School of Mind and Brain, Humboldt-Universitaet zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jane Neumann
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Ernst-Abbe-Hochschule - University of Applied Sciences, Jena, Germany
| | - Vadim V Nikulin
- Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Centre for Cognition and Decision Making, Institute for Cognitive Neuroscience, National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow, Russia.,Department of Neurology, Charité - Medical University Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Annette Horstmann
- Leipzig University Medical Centre, IFB Adiposity Diseases, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Neurology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.,Subproject A1/A5, CRC1052 "Obesity Mechanisms", University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
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6
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Songsamoe S, Saengwong-ngam R, Koomhin P, Matan N. Understanding consumer physiological and emotional responses to food products using electroencephalography (EEG). Trends Food Sci Technol 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tifs.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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7
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McGeown L, Davis R. Social modeling of eating mediated by mirror neuron activity: A causal model moderated by frontal asymmetry and BMI. Behav Brain Res 2017; 338:66-75. [PMID: 29031545 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2017.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The social modeling of eating effect refers to the consistently demonstrated phenomenon that individuals tend to match their quantity of food intake to their eating companion. The current study sought to explore whether activity within the mirror neuron system (MNS) mediates the social modeling of eating effect as a function of EEG frontal asymmetry and body mass index (BMI). Under the guise of rating empathy, 93 female undergraduates viewed a female video confederate "incidentally" consume either a low or high intake of chips while electroencephalogram (EEG) activity was recorded. Subsequent ad libitum chip consumption was quantified. A first- and second-stage dual moderation model revealed that frontal asymmetry and BMI moderated an indirect effect of model consumption on participants' food consumption as mediated by MNS activity at electrode site C3, a3b3=-0.718, SE=0.365, 95% CI [-1.632, -0.161]. Left frontal asymmetry was associated with greater mu activity and a positive association between model and participant chip consumption, while right frontal asymmetry was associated with less mu activity and a negative association between model and participant consumption. Across all levels of frontal asymmetry, the effect was only significant among those with a BMI at the 50th percentile or lower. Thus, among leaner individuals, the MNS was demonstrated to mediate social modeling of eating, as moderated by frontal asymmetry. These findings are integrated within the normative account of social modeling of eating. It is proposed that the normative framework may benefit from consideration of both conscious and unconscious operation of intake norms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura McGeown
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, P7B 5E1, Ontario, Canada.
| | - Ron Davis
- Department of Psychology, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Rd, Thunder Bay, P7B 5E1, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Walsh AM, Duncan SE, Bell MA, O'Keefe SF, Gallagher DL. Breakfast meals and emotions: Implicit and explicit assessment of the visual experience. J SENS STUD 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/joss.12265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra M. Walsh
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech); Blacksburg Virginia
| | - Susan E. Duncan
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech); Blacksburg Virginia
| | - Martha Ann Bell
- Psychology Department; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech); Blacksburg Virginia
| | - Sean F. O'Keefe
- Department of Food Science and Technology; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech); Blacksburg Virginia
| | - Daniel L. Gallagher
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering; Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University (Virginia Tech); Blacksburg Virginia
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9
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Walsh AM, Duncan SE, Bell MA, O’Keefe S, Gallagher DL. Integrating implicit and explicit emotional assessment of food quality and safety concerns. Food Qual Prefer 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2016.11.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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10
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van Bochove ME, Ketel E, Wischnewski M, Wegman J, Aarts E, de Jonge B, Medendorp WP, Schutter DJLG. Posterior resting state EEG asymmetries are associated with hedonic valuation of food. Int J Psychophysiol 2016; 110:40-46. [PMID: 27729231 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Revised: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 10/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Research on the hedonic value of food has been important in understanding the motivational and emotional correlates of normal and abnormal eating behaviour. The aim of the present study was to explore associations between hemispheric asymmetries recorded during resting state electroencephalogram (EEG) and hedonic valuation of food. Healthy adult volunteers were recruited and four minutes of resting state EEG were recorded from the scalp. Hedonic food valuation and reward sensitivity were assessed with the hedonic attitude to food and behavioural activation scale. Results showed that parieto-occipital resting state EEG asymmetries in the alpha (8-12Hz) and beta (13-30Hz) frequency range correlate with the hedonic valuation of food. Our findings suggest that self-reported sensory-related attitude towards food is associated with interhemispheric asymmetries in resting state oscillatory activity. Our findings contribute to understanding the electrophysiological correlates of hedonic valuation, and may provide an opportunity to modulate the cortical imbalance by using non-invasive brain stimulation methods to change food consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlies E van Bochove
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, The Netherlands.
| | - Eva Ketel
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, The Netherlands
| | - Miles Wischnewski
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, The Netherlands
| | - Joost Wegman
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, The Netherlands
| | - Esther Aarts
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, The Netherlands
| | | | - W Pieter Medendorp
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, The Netherlands
| | - Dennis J L G Schutter
- Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University, The Netherlands
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11
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Winter SR, Feig EH, Kounios J, Erickson B, Berkowitz S, Lowe MR. The relation of hedonic hunger and restrained eating to lateralized frontal activation. Physiol Behav 2016; 163:64-69. [PMID: 27133731 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2016.04.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 04/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Asymmetrical alpha activation in the prefrontal cortex (frontal asymmetry) in electroencephalography (EEG) has been related to eating behavior. Prior studies linked dietary restraint with right frontal asymmetry [1] and disinhibition with left frontal asymmetry [2]. The current study simultaneously assessed restrained eating and hedonic hunger (drive for food reward in the absence of hunger) in relation to frontal asymmetry. Resting-state EEG and measures of restrained eating (Revised Restraint Scale; RRS) and hedonic hunger (Power of Food Scale; PFS) were assessed in 61 non-obese adults. Individually, hedonic hunger predicted left asymmetry. However, PFS and RRS were correlated (r=0.48, p<0.05) and there was a significant interaction between PFS and RRS on frontal asymmetry, p<0.01. Results indicated that those high in hedonic hunger exhibited left asymmetry irrespective of RRS scores; among those low in PFS, only those high in RRS showed right asymmetry. Results were consistent with literature linking avoidant behaviors (restraint) with right-frontal asymmetry and approach behaviors (binge eating) with left-frontal asymmetry. It appears that a strong drive toward palatable foods predominates at a neural level even when restraint is high. Findings suggest that lateralized frontal activity is an indicator of motivation both to consume and to avoid consuming highly palatable foods.
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Affiliation(s)
- S R Winter
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States.
| | - E H Feig
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - J Kounios
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - B Erickson
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - S Berkowitz
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - M R Lowe
- Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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12
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Hume DJ, Howells FM, Karpul D, Rauch HGL, Kroff J, Lambert EV. Cognitive control over visual food cue saliency is greater in reduced-overweight/obese but not in weight relapsed women: An EEG study. Eat Behav 2015. [PMID: 26204099 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2015.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Poor weight management may relate to a reduction in neurobehavioural control over food intake and heightened reactivity of the brain's neural reward pathways. Here we explore the neurophysiology of food-related visual cue processing in weight reduced and weight relapsed women by assessing differences in cortical arousal and attentional processing using a food-Stroop paradigm. METHODS 51 women were recruited into 4 groups: reduced-weight participants (RED, n=14) compared to BMI matched low-weight controls (LW-CTL, n=18); and weight relapsed participants (REL, n=10) compared to BMI matched high-weight controls (HW-CTL, n=9). Eating behaviour and body image questionnaires were completed. Two Stroop tasks (one containing food images, the other containing neutral images) were completed with record of electroencephalography (EEG). RESULTS Differences in cortical arousal were found in RED versus LW-CTL women, and were seen during food task execution only. Compared to their controls, RED women exhibited lower relative delta band power (p=0.01) and higher relative beta band power (p=0.01) over the right frontal cortex (F4). Within the RED group, delta band oscillations correlated positively with self-reported habitual fat intake and with body shape dissatisfaction. CONCLUSIONS As compared to women matched for phenotype but with no history of weight reduction, reduced-overweight/obese women show increased neurobehavioural control over external food cues and the inhibition of reward-orientated feeding responses. Insight into these self-regulatory mechanisms which attenuate food cue saliency may aid in the development of cognitive remediation therapies which facilitate long-term weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- David John Hume
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, 7725, South Africa.
| | - Fleur Margaret Howells
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Observatory, 7925, South Africa.
| | - David Karpul
- Bioelectronics & Neuroscience group, The MARCS Institute, University of Western Sydney, Penrith, NSW 2751, Australia.
| | - H G Laurie Rauch
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, 7725, South Africa.
| | - Jacolene Kroff
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, 7725, South Africa.
| | - Estelle Victoria Lambert
- Division of Exercise Science and Sports Medicine, Department of Human Biology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Cape Town, Newlands, 7725, South Africa.
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13
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Chen S, Dong D, Jackson T, Su Y, Chen H. Altered frontal inter-hemispheric resting state functional connectivity is associated with bulimic symptoms among restrained eaters. Neuropsychologia 2015; 81:22-30. [PMID: 26160289 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 06/22/2015] [Accepted: 06/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Theory and research have indicated that restrained eating (RE) increases risk for binge-eating and eating disorder symptoms. According to the goal conflict model, such risk may result from disrupted hedonic-feeding control and its interaction with reward-driven eating. However, RE-related alterations in functional interactions among associated underlying brain regions, especially between the cerebral hemispheres, have rarely been examined directly. Therefore, we investigated inter-hemispheric resting-state functional connectivity (RSFC) among female restrained eaters (REs) (n=23) and unrestrained eaters (UREs) (n=24) following food deprivation as well as its relation to overall bulimia nervosa (BN) symptoms using voxel-mirrored homotopic connectivity (VMHC). Seed-based RSFC associated with areas exhibiting significant VMHC differences was also assessed. Compared to UREs, REs showed reduced VMHC in the dorsal-lateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), an area involved in inhibiting hedonic overeating. REs also displayed decreased RSFC between the right DLPFC and regions associated with reward estimation--the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (VMPFC) and posterior cingulate cortex (PCC). Finally, bulimic tendencies had a negative correlation with VMHC in the DLPFC and a positive correlation with functional connectivity (DLPFC and VMPFC) among REs but not UREs. Findings suggested that reduced inter-hemispheric functional connectivity in appetite inhibition regions and altered functional connectivity in reward related regions may help to explain why some REs fail to control hedonically-motivated feeding and experience higher associated levels of BN symptomatology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuaiyu Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Debo Dong
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Todd Jackson
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yanhua Su
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Hong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education), Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China; School of Psychology, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Faries MD, Kephart W, Jones EJ. Approach, avoidance and weight-related testing: An investigation of frontal EEG asymmetry. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2014; 20:790-801. [PMID: 25220609 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2014.959530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Two motivational systems underlie behaviour and affective responses - an inhibition/avoidance system and an activation/approach system. The purpose of the present study was to explore if individual differences in these motivational systems would occur in response to common weight and body composition testing within a sample of young, adult women. Electroencephalogram was used to distinguish approach or avoidance orientations via frontal asymmetry before and after testing sessions. Clear distinctions in motivational response were found, with 65% of the sample responding with an approach motivation, while 35% responded with an avoidance motivation. Even though all participants, on average, experienced a negative affective response, only the avoidance group self-reported a subsequent increase in "comfort food" consumption of desserts and snacks the week following the testing session. As shown with other stressors, clear individual differences exist in motivational responses to common weight and body composition testing. Such testing produces a general negative affective response; however, the individual differences in motivational responses might produce different behavioural choices. Future research and interventions in health communication should be considerate to this variation in motivational responses to help explain changes in both healthy and unhealthy behaviours following interactions involving one's body weight and/or body composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark D Faries
- a Kinesiology and Health Science , Stephen F. Austin State University , Nacogdoches , TX , USA
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15
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Affective motivational direction drives asymmetric frontal hemisphere activation. Exp Brain Res 2014; 232:2121-30. [DOI: 10.1007/s00221-014-3902-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2013] [Accepted: 03/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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16
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Gable PA, Poole BD. Influence of trait behavioral inhibition and behavioral approach motivation systems on the LPP and frontal asymmetry to anger pictures. Soc Cogn Affect Neurosci 2014; 9:182-90. [PMID: 23175676 PMCID: PMC3907932 DOI: 10.1093/scan/nss130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Behavioral approach and avoidance are fundamental to the experience of emotion and motivation, but the motivational system associated with anger is not well established. Some theories posit that approach motivational processes underlie anger, whereas others posit that avoidance motivational processes underlie anger. The current experiment sought to address whether traits related to behavioral approach or avoidance influence responses to anger stimuli using multiple measures: ERP, electroencephalographic (EEG) α-asymmetry and self-report. After completing the behavioral inhibition system/behavioral approach system (BIS/BAS) scales, participants viewed anger pictures and neutral pictures. BAS predicted larger late positive potentials (LPPs) to anger pictures, but not to neutral pictures. In addition, BAS predicted greater left-frontal asymmetry to anger pictures. Moreover, larger LPPs to anger pictures related to greater left-frontal EEG asymmetry during anger pictures. These results suggest that trait approach motivation relates to neurophysiological responses of anger.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Gable
- Department of Psychology, The University of Alaba505 Hackberry Lane, P.O. Box 870348, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0348.
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17
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Bartholdy S, Musiat P, Campbell IC, Schmidt U. The Potential of Neurofeedback in the Treatment of Eating Disorders: A Review of the Literature. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2013; 21:456-63. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.2250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2013] [Accepted: 08/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Savani Bartholdy
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry; London UK
| | - Peter Musiat
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry; London UK
| | - Iain C. Campbell
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry; London UK
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Section of Eating Disorders, Department of Psychological Medicine; King's College London, Institute of Psychiatry; London UK
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18
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The generation and inhibition of hedonically-driven food intake: Behavioral and neurophysiological determinants in healthy weight individuals. Physiol Behav 2013; 121:25-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2013.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2013] [Revised: 03/13/2013] [Accepted: 03/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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19
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Vainik U, Dagher A, Dubé L, Fellows LK. Neurobehavioural correlates of body mass index and eating behaviours in adults: a systematic review. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2013; 37:279-99. [PMID: 23261403 PMCID: PMC4017079 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2012.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2012] [Revised: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The worldwide increase in obesity has spurred numerous efforts to understand the regulation of eating behaviours and underlying brain mechanisms. These mechanisms can affordably be studied via neurobehavioural measures. Here, we systematically review these efforts, evaluating neurocognitive tests and personality questionnaires based on: (a) consistent relationship with obesity and eating behaviour, and (b) reliability. We also considered the measures' potential to shed light on the brain mechanisms underlying these individual differences. Sixty-six neurocognitive tasks were examined. Less than 11%, mainly measures of executive functions and food motivation, yielded both replicated and reliable effects. Several different personality questionnaires were consistently related to BMI. However, further analysis found that many of these questionnaires relate closely to Conscientiousness, Extraversion and Neuroticism within the Five-Factor Model of personality. Both neurocognitive tests and personality questionnaires suggest that the critical neural systems related to individual differences in obesity are lateral prefrontal structures underpinning self-control and striatal regions implicated in food motivation. This review can guide selection of the highest yield neurobehavioural measures for future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uku Vainik
- Montreal Neurological Institute, Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montreal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
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20
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Abstract
Clinical applications of electroencephalography (EEG) are used with different objectives, EEG being a noninvasive and painless procedure. In respect of eating disorders, in the 1950s a new line of study about the neurological bases of anorexia nervosa was started and has since been developed. The purpose of this review is to update the existing literature data on the main findings in respect of EEG in eating disorders by means of a search conducted in PubMed. Despite the fact that weight gain tends to normalize some brain dysfunctions assessed by means of EEG, the specific effect of gaining weight remains controversial. Different studies have reported that cortical dysfunctions can be found in patients with anorexia nervosa even after weight gain, whereas others have reported a normalization of EEG in respect of the initial reduced alpha/ increased beta power in those patients with refeeding. Findings of studies that have analyzed the possible relationship between eating disorders and depression, based on sleep EEG disturbances, do not support the idea of eating disorders as a variant of depression or affective disorders. Some EEG findings are very consistent with previous neuroimaging results on patients with anorexia nervosa, reporting neural disturbances in response to stimuli that are relevant to the pathology (eg, stimuli like food exposure, different emotional situations, or body images).
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21
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Speech presentation cues moderate frontal EEG asymmetry in socially withdrawn young adults. Brain Cogn 2011; 78:156-62. [PMID: 22169714 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2011.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2011] [Revised: 10/27/2011] [Accepted: 10/28/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Socially withdrawn individuals display solitary behavior across wide contexts with both unfamiliar and familiar peers. This tendency to withdraw may be driven by either past or anticipated negative social encounters. In addition, socially withdrawn individuals often exhibit right frontal electroencephalogram (EEG) asymmetry at baseline and when under stress. In the current study we examined shifts in frontal EEG activity in young adults (N=41) at baseline, as they viewed either an anxiety-provoking or a benign speech video, and as they subsequently prepared for their own speech. Results indicated that right frontal EEG activity increased, relative to the left, only for socially withdrawn participants exposed to the anxious video. These results suggest that contextual affective cues may prime an individual's response to stress, particularly if they illustrate or substantiate an anticipated negative event.
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22
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Abstract
Eating disorders, such as anorexia, bulimia, and binge eating disorder, commonly involve a dysregulation of behavior (e.g., a lack or excess of inhibition and impulsive eating patterns) that is suggestive of prefrontal dysfunction. Functional neuro-imaging studies show that prefrontal-subcortical systems play a role in eating behavior and appetite in healthy individuals, and that people with eating disorders have altered activity in these systems. Eating behavior is often disturbed by illnesses and injuries that impinge upon prefrontal-subcortical systems. This study examined relationships between executive functioning and eating behavior in healthy individuals using validated behavioral rating scales (Frontal Systems Behavior Scale and Eating Inventory). Correlations demonstrated that increased dysexecutive traits were associated with disinhibited eating and greater food cravings. There was also a positive association with cognitive restraint of eating, suggesting that increased compensatory behaviors follow disinhibited eating. These psychometric findings reinforce those of other methodologies, supporting a role for prefrontal systems in eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcello Spinella
- Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Richard Stockton College of New Jersey, Pomona, New Jersey 08240-0195, USA.
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23
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Asymmetric prefrontal cortex activation in relation to markers of overeating in obese humans. Appetite 2009; 53:44-9. [PMID: 19426775 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2009.04.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2008] [Revised: 04/26/2009] [Accepted: 04/29/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Dietary restraint is heavily influenced by affect, which has been independently related to asymmetrical activation in the prefrontal cortex (prefrontal asymmetry) in electroencephalograph (EEG) studies. In normal weight individuals, dietary restraint has been related to prefrontal asymmetry; however, this relationship was not mediated by affect. This study was designed to test the hypotheses that, in an overweight and obese sample, dietary restraint as well as binge eating, disinhibition, hunger, and appetitive responsivity would be related to prefrontal asymmetry independent of affect at the time of assessment. Resting EEG recordings and self-report measures of overeating and affect were collected in 28 overweight and obese adults. Linear regression analyses were used to predict prefrontal asymmetry from appetitive measures while controlling for affect. Cognitive restraint and binge eating were not associated with prefrontal asymmetry. However, disinhibition, hunger, and appetitive responsivity predicted left-, greater than right-, sided prefrontal cortex activation independent of affect. Findings in this study add to a growing literature implicating the prefrontal cortex in the cognitive control of dietary intake. Further research to specify the precise role of prefrontal asymmetry in the motivation toward, and cessation of, feeding in obese individuals is encouraged.
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24
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Lowe MR, van Steenburgh J, Ochner C, Coletta M. Neural correlates of individual differences related to appetite. Physiol Behav 2009; 97:561-71. [PMID: 19361535 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2009.04.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2009] [Revised: 03/28/2009] [Accepted: 04/01/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Using neuroimaging technologies to compare normal weight and obese individuals can reveal much about the pathophysiological state of obesity but such comparisons tell us little about what makes some normal weight individuals susceptible to obesity or about important individual differences amongst obese individuals. The current review therefore reviews neuroimaging research on individual difference measures that can illuminate these important topics. After introducing three neuropsychological models of the nature of motivation to approach rewarding stimuli, neuroimaging research on measures of impulsivity, craving, binge eating, restrained eating and disinhibited eating is reviewed. Although neuroimaging research on individual differences measures of brain activity related to appetite is in its infancy, existing studies suggest that such research could enrich the understanding, prevention and treatment of disordered eating and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael R Lowe
- Department of Psychology, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
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25
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Hawks SR, Madanat HN, Christley HS. Psychosocial Associations of Dietary Restraint: Implications for Healthy Weight Promotion. Ecol Food Nutr 2008. [DOI: 10.1080/03670240701821527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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26
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Rodriguez G, Babiloni C, Brugnolo A, Del Percio C, Cerro F, Gabrielli F, Girtler N, Nobili F, Murialdo G, Rossini PM, Rossi DS, Baruzzi C, Ferro AM. Cortical sources of awake scalp EEG in eating disorders. Clin Neurophysiol 2007; 118:1213-22. [PMID: 17452006 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2006] [Revised: 02/02/2007] [Accepted: 02/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate quantitative EEG (qEEG) in anorexia nervosa (AN) and bulimia nervosa (BN) in comparison with healthy controls. METHODS Resting EEG was recorded in 30 healthy females (age: 27.1+/-5.5), 16-AN females (age: 26.4+/-9.5) and 12-BN females (age: 27.0+/-6.3). Cortical EEG sources (delta, theta, alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, beta 2) were modeled by LORETA solutions. The statistical analysis was performed considering the factors Group, power Band, and region of interest (central, frontal, parietal, occipital, temporal, limbic). RESULTS Alpha 1 sources in central, parietal, occipital and limbic areas showed a greater amplitude in Controls versus AN and BN groups. Alpha 2 sources in parietal, occipital and limbic areas showed a greater amplitude in Controls than in both AN and BN groups. Alpha 1 sources in temporal area showed a greater amplitude in Controls compared to both the BN and AN groups as well as in the BN group compared to AN group. Central alpha 1 source correlated significantly with BMI in patients. CONCLUSIONS These results support the hypothesis that eating disorders are related to altered mechanisms of cortical neural synchronization, especially in rolandic alpha rhythms. SIGNIFICANCE To our knowledge this is the first study by LORETA able to detect modifications of cortical EEG activity in eating disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guido Rodriguez
- Section of Clinical Neurophysiology (DISEM), Department of Endocrinological and Metabolic Sciences, University of Genoa, Genoa, Italy.
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27
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Smit DJA, Posthuma D, Boomsma DI, De Geus EJC. The relation between frontal EEG asymmetry and the risk for anxiety and depression. Biol Psychol 2007; 74:26-33. [PMID: 16875773 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2006.06.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2005] [Revised: 06/06/2006] [Accepted: 06/16/2006] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Frontal asymmetry of EEG alpha power (FA) may index the risk for anxiety and depression. Evidence linking FA to the underlying biological mechanisms is scarce. This is unfortunate because FA has potential as a biological marker to support gene finding in anxiety and depression. We examined the heritability of FA in 732 twins and their singleton siblings, and established the genetic and environmental contribution to the relation between FA and the risk for anxiety and depression. Multivariate models showed that FA is heritable only in young adults (males 32% and females 37%) but not in middle-aged adults. A significant relation between FA and the risk for anxiety and depression was only found in young adult females. This relation was explained by shared genes influencing both EEG and disease risk. Future studies on asymmetry of left and right frontal brain activation should carefully consider the effects of sex and age.
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Affiliation(s)
- D J A Smit
- Department of Biological Psychology, Vrije Universiteit of Amsterdam, van der Boechorststraat 1, 1081 BT Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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28
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Hachl P, Pietrowsky R. Das hätte ich nicht essen sollen! ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2005. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443.34.2.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Zusammenfassung. Theoretischer Hintergrund: Auswirkungen gezügelten Essverhaltens auf kognitive Funktionen zeigen sich auch in Ereigniskorrelierten Potentzialen (EKPs). Fragestellung: Verändert die Rückmeldung über den Kaloriengehalt eines Preloads die Wahrnehmung von Nahrungsreizen bei nicht gezügelten und gezügelten Esserinnen? Methode: Gezügelten und nicht gezügelten Esserinnen wurden tachistoskopisch nahrungsbezogene und nicht nahrungsbezogene Worte präsentiert, dabei wurden EKPs abgeleitet. Ergebnisse: In einem frühen Stadium der Reizverarbeitung zeigte sich anhand der P2 ein Effekt bei den nicht gezügelten Esserinnen, hier führten Nahrungsworte zu geringeren Amplituden. Die P3 als Maß für eine bereits kontrollierte Verarbeitung war nur bei gezügelten Esserinnen auf Nahrungsworte größer. Die Rückmeldung eines hohen Kaloriengehalts verstärkte leicht diesen Effekt. Schlussfolgerung: Es scheint elektrophysiologisch nachweisbare Unterschiede in der Wahrnehnung von Nahrungsreizen zwischen den beiden Gruppen zu geben.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hachl
- Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Abteilung für Klinische Psychologie
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29
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Abstract
Frontal EEG asymmetry appears to serve as (1) an individual difference variable related to emotional responding and emotional disorders, and (2) a state-dependent concomitant of emotional responding. Such findings, highlighted in this review, suggest that frontal EEG asymmetry may serve as both a moderator and a mediator of emotion- and motivation-related constructs. Unequivocal evidence supporting frontal EEG asymmetry as a moderator and/or mediator of emotion is lacking, as insufficient attention has been given to analyzing the frontal EEG asymmetries in terms of moderators and mediators. The present report reviews the frontal EEG asymmetry literature from the framework of moderators and mediators, and overviews data analytic strategies that would support claims of moderation and mediation.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Coan
- University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85721-0068, USA.
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30
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Greischar LL, Burghy CA, van Reekum CM, Jackson DC, Pizzagalli DA, Mueller C, Davidson RJ. Effects of electrode density and electrolyte spreading in dense array electroencephalographic recording. Clin Neurophysiol 2004; 115:710-20. [PMID: 15036067 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2003.10.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/23/2003] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE High-density EEG recording offers increased spatial resolution but requires careful consideration of how the density of electrodes affects the potentials being measured. Power differences as a function of electrode density and electrolyte spreading were examined and a method for correcting these differences was tested. METHODS Separate EEG recordings from 8 participants were made using a high-density electrode net, first with 6 of 128 electrodes active followed by recordings with all electrodes active. For a subset of 4 participants measurements were counterbalanced with recordings made in the reversed order by drying the hair after the high-density recordings and using a fresh dry electrode net of the same size for the low-density recordings. Mean power values over 6 resting eyes open/closed EEG recordings at the 6 active electrodes common to both recording conditions were compared. Evidence for possible electrolyte spreading or bridging between electrodes was acquired by computing Hjorth electrical distances. Spherical spline interpolation was tested for correcting power values at electrodes affected by electrolyte spreading for these participants and for a subset of participants from a larger previous study. RESULTS For both the complete set and the counterbalanced subset, significant decreases in power at the 6 common electrodes for the high-density recordings were observed across the range of the standard EEG bands (1-44 Hz). The number of bridges or amount of electrolyte spreading towards the reference electrode as evidenced by small Hjorth electrical distances served as a predictor of this power decrease. Spherical spline interpolation increased the power values at electrodes affected by electrolyte spreading and by a significant amount for the larger number of participants in the second group. CONCLUSIONS Understanding signal effects caused by closely spaced electrodes, detecting electrolyte spreading and correcting its effects are important considerations for high-density EEG recordings. A combination of scalp maps of power density and plots of small Hjorth electrical distances can be used to identify electrodes affected by electrolyte spreading. Interpolation using spherical splines offers a method for correcting the potentials measured at these electrodes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lawrence L Greischar
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Brogden Hall, Room 371, 1202 West Johnson Street, Madison, WI 53706, USA
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31
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Hachl P, Hempel C, Pietrowsky R. ERPs to stimulus identification in persons with restrained eating behavior. Int J Psychophysiol 2003; 49:111-21. [PMID: 12919714 DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8760(03)00099-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Restrained eating is an eating behavior in which hunger and satiety are not the only triggers for starting or ending a meal. Rather, cognitive factors control food consumption in these persons. The present study served to investigate cortical stimulus processing in restrained and unrestrained eaters by means of event-related potentials (ERPs). ERPs should differ between these two groups and this difference should vary according to food intake. ERPs were recorded from 20 female restrained and 20 female unrestrained eaters in a word identification task in which food-related and food-unrelated words were repeatedly presented tachistoscopically. Half of the participants of each group were tested after food intake, the other half after food deprivation. Although, there were no differences between the ERPs of food-related and food-unrelated words, ERPs were more positive going in restrained eaters compared with unrestrained eaters. Food intake led to a decrease of the P2-amplitude in restrained eaters while increasing it in unrestrained eaters, regardless of stimulus-type. The results suggest that restrained eaters generally differ in their cortical stimulus processing from unrestrained eaters and that a preload has opponent effects in both groups of participants in the early states of stimulus processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Hachl
- Universität Düsseldorf, Institut für Experimentelle Psychologie, Klinische Psychologie, 40225 Dusseldorf, Germany.
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