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Lee A, Park J. Diagnostic Test Accuracy of the Beck Depression Inventory for Detecting Major Depression in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Clin Nurs Res 2022; 31:1481-1490. [PMID: 34961346 DOI: 10.1177/10547738211065105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder in adolescents is closely linked to poor social, cognitive, and academic outcomes, including suicidality. The Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), a screening tool, is one of the most widely used instruments for detecting depression; however, its diagnostic test accuracy has not yet been thoroughly examined. This study, therefore, aimed to systematically review and perform a meta-analysis to evaluate the accuracy of the BDI for detecting depression in adolescents. In August 2020, a search was conducted in the EMBASE, MEDLINE, CINAHL, and PsycArticles databases, and following a review against predefined eligibility criteria, 22 studies were finally included. The quality of the included articles was evaluated, and a hierarchical regression model was used to calculate the pooled estimates of sensitivity and specificity; 73.0% (95% CI; 62.0%, 81.8%) and 80.3% (72.8%, 86.1%) in cutoff 16, respectively. The findings indicated the BDI is a reliable and useful tool to screen adolescents' depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Lee
- Korea University, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyung Park
- Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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2
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Shachar-Lavie I, Segal H, Oryan Z, Halifa-Kurtzman I, Bar-Eyal A, Hadas A, Tamar T, Benaroya-Milshtein N, Fennig S. Atypical anorexia nervosa: Rethinking the association between target weight and rehospitalization. Eat Behav 2022; 46:101649. [PMID: 35777105 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2022.101649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Bodyweight restoration is one of the most important targets in adolescent inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN). This study examined the association between achieving target weight and rehospitalization in two groups of adolescents with AN and atypical anorexia nervosa (AAN) admitted to a specialized inpatient unit. METHOD Included were 202 adolescent patients hospitalized in a specialized eating disorder unit, 10-18 years old. One hundred fifty-four adolescents were diagnosed with AN, and 48 with AAN. We examined the patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, the achievement of treatment goals, and their rehospitalization history within a year of discharge from the unit. RESULTS Log-linear regression indicated a significant association between achieving target weight during the inpatient program and rehospitalization at one-year follow-up in the AN group; this association was not significant in the AAN group. DISCUSSION This study emphasizes the importance of differentiating patients with AAN from those with classical AN. Specifically, it raises questions about the predictive power of target weight at discharge in preventing relapse and its centrality in determining AAN patients' treatment plans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Hila Segal
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Zohar Oryan
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | | | - Adi Bar-Eyal
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Arik Hadas
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Tahar Tamar
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel
| | - Noa Benaroya-Milshtein
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Silvana Fennig
- Schneider Children's Medical Center, Petah Tikva, Israel; Sackler Medical School, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Powell V, Agha SS, Jones RB, Eyre O, Stephens A, Weavers B, Lennon J, Allardyce J, Potter R, Smith D, Thapar A, Rice F. ADHD in adults with recurrent depression. J Affect Disord 2021; 295:1153-1160. [PMID: 34706428 PMCID: PMC8552915 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2021.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression is highly heterogeneous in its clinical presentation. Those with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) may be at risk of a more chronic and impairing depression compared to those with depression alone according to studies of young people. However, no studies to date have examined ADHD in recurrently depressed adults in mid-life. METHOD In a sample of women in mid-life (n=148) taken from a UK based prospective cohort of adults with a history of recurrent depression, we investigated the prevalence of ADHD and the association of ADHD with clinical features of depression. RESULTS 12.8% of the recurrently depressed women had elevated ADHD symptoms and 3.4% met DSM-5 diagnostic criteria for ADHD. None of the women reported having a diagnosis of ADHD from a medical professional. ADHD symptoms were associated with earlier age of depression onset, higher depression associated impairment, a greater recurrence of depressive episodes and increased persistence of subthreshold depression symptoms over the study period, higher levels of irritability and increased risk of self-harm or suicide attempt. ADHD symptoms were associated with increased risk of hospitalisation and receiving non-first-line antidepressant medication. LIMITATIONS ADHD was measured using a questionnaire measure. We focussed on mothers in a longitudinal study of recurrent depression, so the findings may not apply to males or other groups. CONCLUSIONS Higher ADHD symptoms appear to index a worse clinical presentation for depression. Clinical implications include that in women with early onset, impairing and recurrent depression, the possibility of underlying ADHD masked by depression needs to be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victoria Powell
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK.
| | - Sharifah Shameem Agha
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board Health Board, Wales, UK
| | - Rhys Bevan Jones
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK; Cwm Taf Morgannwg University Health Board Health Board, Wales, UK
| | - Olga Eyre
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Alice Stephens
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Bryony Weavers
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Jess Lennon
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Judith Allardyce
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Robert Potter
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Daniel Smith
- Centre for Clinical Brain Sciences, The University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Anita Thapar
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
| | - Frances Rice
- MRC Centre for Neuropsychiatric Genetics and Genomics, Cardiff University, Wales, UK
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School Achievement and Depressive Symptoms in Adolescence: The Role of Self-efficacy and Peer Relationships at School. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2021; 52:571-578. [PMID: 32804307 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-020-01043-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Depressive symptoms are common during adolescence. Failure at school often relates to low self-efficacy that, in turn, is associated with depressive symptoms. Several studies have supported the role of friends in counteracting depression in adolescence. The present study tested a mediation model in which the indirect effect between school achievement and depressive symptoms, mediated by perceived self-efficacy, was moderated by peer relationships at school. Self-report questionnaires were administered to 1004 adolescents aged 14 to 18 years (M = 15.5; SD = 1.2). The moderated mediation model showed that the mediation of self-efficacy in the relation between school achievement and depressive symptoms was moderated by peer relationships. Higher self-efficacy was associated to lower depressive symptoms, in particular in adolescents with more school friends. Conversely, the magnitude of this association is weaker for those with fewer school friends. Programs aimed at reducing psychological malaise should focus on fostering positive relationships among classmates.
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Vera L, Nollet-Clémençon C, Vila G, Mouren-Siméoni MC, Robert JJ. Social anxiety in insulin-dependent diabetic girls. Eur Psychiatry 2020; 12:58-63. [DOI: 10.1016/s0924-9338(97)89643-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/1996] [Accepted: 09/03/1996] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
SummaryThe purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of social anxiety and insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (n = 40 girls between 13 and 19 years of age). Mean duration of diabetes was 7 years. We supposed that this chronic illness may provoke feelings of friendlessness and sadness, social withdrawal and fear of social situations because diabetes entails a series of demands which differentiate the diabetic child from healthy children. Our population was compared with 35 healthy young girls. All were administered the Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia for School-Age-Children and completed the State Trait Anxiety Inventory for Children, the Self-Consciousness Scale and the Imaginary Audience Scale. Diagnoses of anxiety disorders across DSM-IIIR do not show significant differences between groups. In self-report inventories, our findings do not support the hypothesis that social anxiety is a pathological symptom in diabetic subjects. However, they were more depressed than the control group. Furthermore, social functioning of the diabetic group did not differ from that of the control group. They were more concerned with their illness than with social anxiety.
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Reynolds WM. Depression in Children and Adolescents: Phenomenology, Evaluation and Treatment. SCHOOL PSYCHOLOGY REVIEW 2019. [DOI: 10.1080/02796015.1984.12085092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Wolke SA, Mehta MA, O'Daly O, Zelaya F, Zahreddine N, Keren H, O'Callaghan G, Young AH, Leibenluft E, Pine DS, Stringaris A. Modulation of anterior cingulate cortex reward and penalty signalling in medication-naive young-adult subjects with depressive symptoms following acute dose lurasidone. Psychol Med 2019; 49:1365-1377. [PMID: 30606271 PMCID: PMC6518385 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291718003306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrations in reward and penalty processing are implicated in depression and putatively reflect altered dopamine signalling. This study exploits the advantages of a placebo-controlled design to examine how a novel D2 antagonist with adjunctive antidepressant properties modifies activity in the brain's reward network in depression. METHODS We recruited 43 medication-naïve subjects across the range of depression severity (Beck's Depression Inventory-II score range: 0-43), including healthy volunteers, as well as people meeting full-criteria for major depressive disorder. In a double-blind placebo-controlled cross-over design, all subjects received either placebo or lurasidone (20 mg) across two visits separated by 1 week. Functional magnetic resonance imaging with the Monetary Incentive Delay (MID) task assessed reward functions via neural responses during anticipation and receipt of gains and losses. Arterial spin labelling measured cerebral blood flow (CBF) at rest. RESULTS Lurasidone altered fronto-striatal activity during anticipation and outcome phases of the MID task. A significant three-way Medication-by-Depression severity-by-Outcome interaction emerged in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) after correction for multiple comparisons. Follow-up analyses revealed significantly higher ACC activation to losses in high- v. low depression participants in the placebo condition, with a normalisation by lurasidone. This effect could not be accounted for by shifts in resting CBF. CONCLUSIONS Lurasidone acutely normalises reward processing signals in individuals with depressive symptoms. Lurasidone's antidepressant effects may arise from reducing responses to penalty outcomes in individuals with depressive symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Selina A. Wolke
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | - Mitul A. Mehta
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Owen O'Daly
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Fernando Zelaya
- Department of Neuroimaging, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Nada Zahreddine
- Department of Psychiatry, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hanna Keren
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | - Georgia O'Callaghan
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | - Allan H. Young
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Ellen Leibenluft
- Section on Mood Dysregulation and Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
| | - Daniel S. Pine
- Section on Development and Affective Neuroscience, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, MD, USA
| | - Argyris Stringaris
- Mood Brain and Development Unit, Emotion and Development Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, MD, USA
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Gould MS, Lake AM, Kleinman M, Galfalvy H, Chowdhury S, Madnick A. Exposure to Suicide in High Schools: Impact on Serious Suicidal Ideation/Behavior, Depression, Maladaptive Coping Strategies, and Attitudes toward Help-Seeking. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E455. [PMID: 29509702 PMCID: PMC5877000 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15030455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2018] [Revised: 02/22/2018] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Adolescents' exposure to a peer's suicide has been found to be associated with, as well as to predict, suicidal ideation and behavior. Although postvention efforts tend to be school-based, little is known about the impact of a schoolmate's suicide on the school's student population overall. The present study seeks to determine whether there is excess psychological morbidity among students in a school where a schoolmate has died by suicide, and whether students' attitudes about coping and help-seeking strategies are more or less problematic in such schools. Students in twelve high schools in Suffolk and Westchester counties in New York State-2865 students at six schools where a student had died by suicide within the past six months, and 2419 students at six schools where no suicide had occurred within the current students' tenure-completed an assessment of their suicidal ideation and behavior, depressive symptoms, coping and help-seeking attitudes, stressful life events, and friendship with suicide decedent (if applicable). No excess morbidity (i.e., serious suicidal ideation/behavior and depression) was evident among the general student population after a schoolmate's death by suicide; however, the risk of serious suicidal ideation/behavior was elevated among students at exposed schools who had concomitant negative life events. There was a significant relationship between friendship with the decedent and morbidity, in that students who were friends, but not close friends, of the decedents had the greatest odds of serious suicidal ideation/behavior. Overall, students in exposed schools had more adaptive attitudes toward help-seeking; but this was not true of the decedents' friends or students with concomitant negative life events. The implications of the findings for postvention strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madelyn S Gould
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry and Department of Epidemiology, Columbia University Medical Center and The New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 72, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Alison M Lake
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 72, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Marjorie Kleinman
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 72, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Hanga Galfalvy
- Departments of Psychiatry and Biostatistics, Columbia University Medical Center, 722 West 168 Street, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Saba Chowdhury
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 72, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Alison Madnick
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, 1051 Riverside Drive, Unit 72, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Daniel SS, Goldston DB, Erkanli A, Heilbron N, Franklin JC. Prospective Study of Major Loss Life Events and Risk for Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors Among Adolescents and Young Adults. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2017; 47:436-449. [PMID: 27862201 PMCID: PMC6485934 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This prospective, naturalistic study examined the association between major loss life experiences, other psychiatric risk factors (depression, hopelessness, and anxiety), and suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) among adolescents followed through young adulthood for up to 14 years. Major loss life events were related to subsequent increases in STBs. Major loss life events were primarily related to increases in suicide ideation in the presence of lower levels of other risk factors. There was a bidirectional relationship between major losses and other risk factors. Implications for the association between loss experiences, other risk factors, and future STBs are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie S. Daniel
- Family and Community Medicine; Wake Forest School of Medicine; Winston-Salem NC USA
| | - David B. Goldston
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Duke University School of Medicine; Durham NC USA
| | | | - Nicole Heilbron
- Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences; Duke University School of Medicine; Durham NC USA
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Fennig S, Brunstein Klomek A, Shahar B, Sarel-Michnik Z, Hadas A. Inpatient treatment has no impact on the core thoughts and perceptions in adolescents with anorexia nervosa. Early Interv Psychiatry 2017; 11:200-207. [PMID: 25808049 DOI: 10.1111/eip.12234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2014] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIM Examine changes in core perceptions and thoughts during the weight restoration phase of inpatient treatment for adolescents with anorexia nervosa. METHOD Forty-four adolescents with anorexia nervosa consecutively admitted (2009-2012) to an inpatient paediatric-psychiatric unit specializing in eating disorders. The programme consisted of a complete inpatient intervention combining weight restoration by structured supervised meals with individual and group cognitive-behavioural therapy, parental training/family intervention and educational activities, followed by a half-way day-treatment weight-stabilizing phase and progressive reintroduction to the community. The study focused on changes from hospital admission to discharge in patients' responses to self-report questionnaires on eating disorder symptoms, depression, anxiety and suicidal ideation. RESULTS No significant changes in core anorexic thoughts and perceptions as Body dissatisfaction, Drive for thinness, Weight concern and Shape concern were noted. However, a reduction in the general severity of eating disorder symptoms (including Restraint and Eating concern) was observed, mainly related to the treatment structure. Levels of depression significantly decreased but remained within pathological range. We also found a concerning increase in suicidal ideation not correlated with a concomitant increase in depressive symptomatology. CONCLUSIONS Inpatient treatment of anorexia nervosa in adolescents does not significantly modify core anorexic thoughts and perceptions. This may explain the high relapse rates. Changes in core beliefs may be crucial for recovery and prevention of relapse in anorexia nervosa at this critical age. This study may have clinical implications for the development of better treatment strategies to target the gap between disturbed thoughts and distorted perceptions - the core aspects of anorexia nervosa and physical recovery during and after the weight restoration phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvana Fennig
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Feinberg Child Study Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Anat Brunstein Klomek
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Feinberg Child Study Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,School of Psychology, The Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Ben Shahar
- School of Psychology, The Interdisciplinary Center (IDC), Herzliya, Israel
| | - Zohar Sarel-Michnik
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
| | - Arie Hadas
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Unit, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel.,Feinberg Child Study Center, Schneider Children's Medical Center of Israel, Petach Tikva, Israel
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Wolff JC, Jandasek B, Michel BD, Becker SJ, Spirito A. Concurrent Treatment of Depression in Parents and Adolescents: A Case Example. COGNITIVE AND BEHAVIORAL PRACTICE 2017; 24:14-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpra.2016.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Abstract
The purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between egocentrism and depressive symptomatology in adolescents. One hundred ninety-four adolescents (108 males, 86 females), ranging in age from 12 to 17 years and enrolled in a high school in Quebec, completed the Adolescent Egocentrism-Sociocentrism Scale and the Beck Depression Inventory. As predicted, subjects with high egocentrism showed significantly more depressive symptoms than subjects with low egocentrism. Results are discussed in light of the literature on adolescent depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane Leserman
- Department of Psychiatry and Medicine University of North Carolina Medical School Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Gary Koch
- Department of Biostatistics University of North Carolina Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Baron P, MacGillivray RG. Depressive Symptoms in Adolescents as a Function of Perceived Parental Behavior. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/074355488941004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The present study aimed at examining the relation between perceived parental behavior and depressive symptoms in adolescents. One hundred forty-four adolescents, ranging in age from 13 to 18 years, were involved in the study. They all came from a high school of the Western Quebec Regional School Board. Subjects completed the Children s Report of Parental Behavior Inventory (revised form) and the Beck Depression Inventory. Father's rejection and mother's psychological control were found to be the two most powerful predictors of adolescents' depressive symptoms. Results are discussed in light of the literature on adolescent depression.
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Moran PB, Eckenrode J. Gender Differences in the Costs and Benefits of Peer Relationships During Adolescence. JOURNAL OF ADOLESCENT RESEARCH 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/074355489164002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine gender differences in the impact of social stress and social support on adolescents' emotional well-being. Forty-eight males and 70 females in Grades 7 through 11 were administered a questionnaire containing scales measuring self-esteem, depression, social suppor4 and social stress. Females reported greater depression, lower self-esteem, and greater problem-focused support than did males. There were no significant differences in the amount of social stress or emotional support reported by males and females. Results revealed that social stress was strongly correlated with higher depression and lower self-esteem scores for females but not for males. In contrast, social support was correlated with lower depression scores and higher self-esteem scores to a greater extent for males than for females.
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Deumic E, Butcher BD, Clayton AD, Dindo LN, Burns TL, Calarge CA. Sexual Functioning in Adolescents With Major Depressive Disorder. J Clin Psychiatry 2016; 77:957-62. [PMID: 27464316 PMCID: PMC5520806 DOI: 10.4088/jcp.15m09840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2015] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine sexual functioning in adolescents with depression. METHODS Between September 2010 and March 2014, 235 participants who were between 15 and 20 years old and were unmedicated or within 1 month of beginning antidepressant treatment completed the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI), and Changes in Sexual Functioning Questionnaire (CSFQ). They were also assessed to establish the presence of a DSM-IV-TR major depressive episode (MDE). The Student t test and χ² test were used to compare continuous and categorical variables, respectively, across participants with versus without MDE. Multivariable linear regression analysis examined the association between depression and sexual functioning. RESULTS After the investigators controlled for age, female sex, antidepressant use, and the presence of generalized anxiety disorder, the presence of MDE was associated with a lower score on the CSFQ overall (P < .0007) and on its desire (P < .09), arousal (P < .001), and orgasm (P < .007) subscales. Antidepressants were not associated with sexual functioning either in the sample overall or in those with MDE. Beck Depression Inventory items related to affective symptoms (P < .03), rather than those tapping into neurovegetative or cognitive functioning, accounted for the association between depression and lower sexual functioning. Furthermore, with higher BDI scores, males exhibited a steeper decline than females in both the CSFQ total score and the desire subscale (sex × BDI score interaction effect: P < .03). Anxiety was not significantly associated with sexual functioning. CONCLUSIONS Major depressive disorder in older adolescents is associated with lower sexual functioning, particularly in males. This appears most related to affective symptoms. The potential impact of such impairment on future sexual functioning deserves further examination. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT02147184.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emira Deumic
- Carver College of Medicine, bDepartment of Psychiatry, and cCollege of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | | | - Anita D Clayton
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurobehavioral Sciences, University of Virginia, Charlottesville
| | - Lilian N Dindo
- Menninger Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA
| | | | - Chadi A Calarge
- Baylor College of Medicine, 1102 Bates Ave, Suite 790, Houston, TX 77030.
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas Children's Hospital, Houston
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Labouliere CD, Kleinman M, Gould MS. When self-reliance is not safe: associations between reduced help-seeking and subsequent mental health symptoms in suicidal adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2015; 12:3741-55. [PMID: 25837350 PMCID: PMC4410213 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph120403741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The majority of suicidal adolescents have no contact with mental health services, and reduced help-seeking in this population further lessens the likelihood of accessing treatment. A commonly-reported reason for not seeking help is youths’ perception that they should solve problems on their own. In this study, we explore associations between extreme self-reliance behavior (i.e., solving problems on your own all of the time), help-seeking behavior, and mental health symptoms in a community sample of adolescents. Approximately 2150 adolescents, across six schools, participated in a school-based suicide prevention screening program, and a subset of at-risk youth completed a follow-up interview two years later. Extreme self-reliance was associated with reduced help-seeking, clinically-significant depressive symptoms, and serious suicidal ideation at the baseline screening. Furthermore, in a subset of youth identified as at-risk at the baseline screening, extreme self-reliance predicted level of suicidal ideation and depressive symptoms two years later even after controlling for baseline symptoms. Given these findings, attitudes that reinforce extreme self-reliance behavior may be an important target for youth suicide prevention programs. Reducing extreme self-reliance in youth with suicidality may increase their likelihood of appropriate help-seeking and concomitant reductions in symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christa D Labouliere
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Marjorie Kleinman
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
| | - Madelyn S Gould
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, The New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, 1051 Riverside Drive, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Symptom screening scales for detecting major depressive disorder in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of reliability, validity and diagnostic utility. J Affect Disord 2015; 174:447-63. [PMID: 25553406 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 166] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Revised: 11/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depression symptom screening scales are often used to determine a clinical diagnosis of major depressive disorder (MDD) in prevention research. The aim of this review is to systematically examine the reliability, validity and diagnostic utility of commonly used screening scales in depression prevention research among children and adolescents. METHODS We conducted a systematic review of the electronic databases PsycINFO, PsycEXTRA and Medline examining the reliability, validity and diagnostic utility of four commonly used depression symptom rating scales among children and adolescents: the Children׳s Depression Inventory (CDI), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Center for Epidemiologic Studies - Depression Scale (CES-D) and the Reynolds Adolescent Depression Scale (RADS). We used univariate and bivariate random effects models to pool data and conducted metaregression to identify and explain causes of heterogeneity. RESULTS We identified 54 studies (66 data points, 34,542 participants). Across the four scales, internal reliability was 'good' (pooled estimate: 0.89, 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 0.86-0.92). Sensitivity and specificity were 'moderate' (sensitivity: 0.80, 95% CI: 0.76-0.84; specificity: 0.78, 95% CI: 0.74-0.83). For studies that used a diagnostic interview to determine a diagnosis of MDD, positive predictive power for identifying true cases was mostly poor. Psychometric properties did not differ on the basis of study quality, sample type (clinical vs. nonclinical) or sample age (child vs. adolescent). LIMITATIONS Some analyses may have been underpowered to identify conditions in which test performance may vary, due to low numbers of studies with adequate data. CONCLUSIONS Commonly used depression symptom rating scales are reliable measures of depressive symptoms among adolescents; however, using cutoff scores to indicate clinical levels of depression may result in many false positives.
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Miranda R, Ortin A, Scott M, Shaffer D. Characteristics of suicidal ideation that predict the transition to future suicide attempts in adolescents. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2014; 55:1288-96. [PMID: 24827817 PMCID: PMC4821401 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.12245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study sought to examine characteristics of suicidal ideation (SI) that predict a future suicide attempt (SA), beyond psychiatric diagnosis and previous SA history. METHODS Participants were 506 adolescents (307 female) who completed the Columbia Suicide Screen (CSS) and selected modules from the Diagnostic Interview Schedule for Children (C-DISC 2.3) as part of a two-stage high school screening and who were followed up 4-6 years later to assess for a SA since baseline. At baseline, participants who endorsed SI on the CSS responded to four questions regarding currency, frequency, seriousness, and duration of their SI. A subsample of 122 adolescents who endorsed SI at baseline also completed a detailed interview about their most recent SI. RESULTS Thinking about suicide often (OR = 3.5, 95% CI = 1.7-7.2), seriously (OR = 3.1, 95% CI = 1.4-6.7), and for a long time (OR = 2.3, 95% CI = 1.1-5.2) were associated with a future SA, adjusting for sex, the presence of a mood, anxiety, and substance use diagnosis, and baseline SA history. However, only SI frequency was significantly associated with higher odds of a future SA (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.4-9.1) when also adjusting for currency, seriousness, and duration. Among ideators interviewed further about their most recent SI, ideating 1 hr or more (vs. less than 1 hr) was associated with a future SA (OR = 3.6, 95% CI = 1.0-12.7), adjusting for sex, depressive symptoms, previous SA history, and other baseline SI characteristics, and it was also associated with making a future SA earlier. CONCLUSIONS Assessments of SI in adolescents should take special care to inquire about frequency of their SI, along with length of their most recent SI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Miranda
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, United States,Department of Psychology, City University of New York, Hunter College, NY, United States
| | - Ana Ortin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, United States,Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michelle Scott
- School of Social Work, Monmouth University, NJ, United States
| | - David Shaffer
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, College of Physicians and Surgeons, NY, United States
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Abstract
Background: This study adds to the limited evidence concerning the benefits of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) with depressed adolescents. It evaluates the long-term effects of group versus individual delivery of this treatment approach. Aims: To conduct a small-scale examination of the long-term efficacy of group versus individual delivery of IPT for depressed adolescents. Method: Thirty-nine adolescents, aged 13–19 years, with a primary diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder, were randomly assigned in blocks to either group or individual delivery of IPT. Standardized clinical interview and questionnaire assessments were conducted at pre- and posttreatment, and 12-month follow-up. Results: Intent-to-treat (ITT) analyses indicated significant improvements in depression, anxiety, youth-reported internalizing problems, and global functioning from pre- to posttreatment for those receiving IPT, with no significant differences in outcome between group and individual formats of delivery. Improvements were maintained at 12-month follow-up. Completer analyses also revealed significant and sustained improvements on these measures for those receiving IPT, with no differences in outcome between therapy formats for most measures. Individual IPT showed significantly greater improvements than group IPT in parent-reported internalizing problems for the completer but not the ITT analyses. Conclusions: Both individual and group formats of IPT offer promise in producing long-term benefits in the treatment of depression among adolescents.
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Lake AM, Kandasamy S, Kleinman M, Gould MS. Adolescents' attitudes about the role of mental illness in suicide, and their association with suicide risk. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2013; 43:692-703. [PMID: 23952811 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/19/2013] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
We examined teenagers' attitudes about the role of mental illness in suicidal behavior and the relationship between these attitudes and suicide risk. Serious suicidal ideation or behavior and associated risk factors (gender, depression, substance problems, and first-hand experience with a suicidal peer) were assessed in 2,419 students at six New York high schools. Less than one fifth of students thought that mental illness was a major contributor to suicide. Suicidal adolescents and those at risk were less likely than their nonsuicidal and low-risk counterparts to associate suicide with mental illness. Our findings contribute to the debate over whether accepting attitudes toward suicide increase suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Lake
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
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Jacobson C, Batejan K, Kleinman M, Gould M. Reasons for attempting suicide among a community sample of adolescents. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2013; 43:646-62. [PMID: 23889468 DOI: 10.1111/sltb.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/01/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The motives of suicide attempts among a community sample of 99 U.S. high school students were explored. Participants completed an in-depth computer-assisted self interview about their most recent attempts as well as additional psychosocial measures. Results indicated that nearly 75% of the adolescents engaged in suicide attempts for reasons other than killing themselves and that depressive symptoms and premeditation prior to the attempt were significantly associated with increased risk for engaging in the attempts with death as a clear motive. Linking motive for an attempt (death, interpersonal communication, emotion regulation) and treatment approach may improve prevention of subsequent attempts and completed suicides.
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Garvik M, Idsoe T, Bru E. Effectiveness study of a CBT-based adolescent coping with depression course. EMOTIONAL AND BEHAVIOURAL DIFFICULTIES 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/13632752.2013.840959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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O'Shea G, Spence SH, Donovan CL. Interpersonal Factors Associated with Depression in Adolescents: Are These Consistent with Theories Underpinning Interpersonal Psychotherapy? Clin Psychol Psychother 2013; 21:548-58. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2013] [Revised: 04/17/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabrielle O'Shea
- School of Psychology; University of Queensland; Brisbane; Australia
| | - Susan H. Spence
- Behavioural Basis of Health, Griffith Health Institute; Griffith University; Brisbane; Australia
| | - Caroline L. Donovan
- Behavioural Basis of Health, Griffith Health Institute; Griffith University; Brisbane; Australia
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Prevalence and predictors of drug use among adolescents with HIV infection acquired perinatally or later in life. AIDS Behav 2013; 17:976-86. [PMID: 21842420 DOI: 10.1007/s10461-011-9950-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
We examined the prevalence and predictors of drug use among a diverse group of adolescents living with HIV infection acquired perinatally or through sexual risk behaviors ("behaviorally acquired"). Adolescents ages 13-21 (n = 166) who were receiving care at one of five pediatric/adolescent HIV clinics in three US cities (Baltimore MD, Washington DC, and New York NY) and were enrolled in a behavioral intervention were interviewed at baseline regarding lifetime drug use experiences and depression symptoms. A majority of study participants reported using alcohol (57.2%) and marijuana (51.2%); 48.8% reported tobacco/cigarette use. The mean age of onset of use for each type of drug was 14 years or younger. A larger proportion of participants with behaviorally acquired HIV than adolescents with perinatally acquired HIV reported lifetime use of alcohol (76.1 vs. 44.4%), marijuana (73.1 vs. 36.4%), tobacco (70.2 vs. 34.3%), and club drugs (22.4 vs. 3%) (all p < 0.001).
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Ortin A, Lake AM, Kleinman M, Gould MS. Sensation seeking as risk factor for suicidal ideation and suicide attempts in adolescence. J Affect Disord 2012; 143:214-22. [PMID: 22921521 PMCID: PMC3501599 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2012.05.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2012] [Revised: 05/16/2012] [Accepted: 05/30/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND High sensation seeking in adolescence is associated with engagement in risk-taking behaviors, especially substance use. Although depressed adolescents are prone to increased risk-taking, and suicidal behavior can be considered within the spectrum of risk-taking behaviors, the relationships between sensation seeking, depression, and suicidal behavior have not been explored. METHODS A self-report questionnaire assessing sensation seeking, depression, substance use problems, and suicidal ideation and suicide attempts was completed by 9th- through 12th-grade students (n=2189) in six New York State high-schools from 2002 through 2004. Logistic regression analyses were conducted to examine main and interaction effects between sensation seeking and the four clinical variables. RESULTS High sensation seeking was positively associated with depressive symptoms and substance use problems. The main effects of sensation seeking on suicidal ideation and suicide attempts remained significant after controlling for depression and substance use. The association between sensation seeking and suicide attempts was moderated by substance use problems. LIMITATIONS The schools were suburban and predominantly white, limiting the generalizability of the results. Other mental disorders with potential implications for sensation seeking and for suicidal behavior, such as bipolar disorders, were not assessed. CONCLUSIONS The finding that sensation seeking makes an independent contribution to the risk of suicidal ideation and attempts is consistent with findings in literature on novelty seeking and impulsivity. The associations between sensation seeking, depressive symptoms and suicidal behavior may be compatible with the presence of an underlying temperamental dysregulation. Screening for sensation seeking may contribute to the reduction of adolescent suicide risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Ortin
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
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Hamel AE, Zaitsoff SL, Taylor A, Menna R, Le Grange D. Body-related social comparison and disordered eating among adolescent females with an eating disorder, depressive disorder, and healthy controls. Nutrients 2012; 4:1260-72. [PMID: 23112914 PMCID: PMC3475236 DOI: 10.3390/nu4091260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2012] [Revised: 08/28/2012] [Accepted: 08/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between body-related social comparison (BRSC) and eating disorders (EDs) by: (a) comparing the degree of BRSC in adolescents with an ED, depressive disorder (DD), and no psychiatric history; and (b) investigating whether BRSC is associated with ED symptoms after controlling for symptoms of depression and self-esteem. Participants were 75 girls, aged 12–18 (25 per diagnostic group). To assess BRSC, participants reported on a 5-point Likert scale how often they compare their body to others’. Participants also completed a diagnostic interview, Eating Disorders Inventory-2 (EDI-2), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSE). Compared to adolescents with a DD and healthy adolescents, adolescents with an ED engaged in significantly more BRSC (p ≤ 0.001). Collapsing across groups, BRSC was significantly positively correlated with ED symptoms (p ≤ 0.01), and these associations remained even after controlling for two robust predictors of both ED symptoms and social comparison, namely BDI-II and RSE. In conclusion, BRSC seems to be strongly related to EDs. Treatment for adolescents with an ED may focus on reducing BRSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea E. Hamel
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
| | - Shannon L. Zaitsoff
- Department of Psychology, Simon Fraser University, 8888 University Drive, Burnaby, BC V5A 1S6, Canada;
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; ; Tel.: +1-778-782-8721; Fax: +1-778-782-3427
| | - Andrew Taylor
- Windsor Essex Community Health Centre, 1585 Ouellette Ave, Windsor, ON N8X 1K5, Canada;
| | - Rosanne Menna
- Department of Psychology, University of Windsor, 401 Sunset Avenue, Windsor, ON N9B 3P4, Canada;
| | - Daniel Le Grange
- Department of Psychiatry, The University of Chicago, 5841 South Maryland Avenue, MC3077, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
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Klomek AB, Kleinman M, Altschuler E, Marrocco F, Amakawa L, Gould MS. High school bullying as a risk for later depression and suicidality. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2011; 41:501-16. [PMID: 21793875 PMCID: PMC3188679 DOI: 10.1111/j.1943-278x.2011.00046.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This is the first study to examine whether high school students experiencing frequent bullying behaviors are at risk for later depression and suicidality. A total of 236 students who reported frequent bullying behavior without depression or suicidality during a suicide screening were interviewed 4 years later to reassess depression, suicidal ideation, attempts, substance problems, and functional impairment and were compared to at-risk youth identified during the screen, including 96 youth who also experienced bullying behavior. Youth who only reported frequent bullying behaviors (as bullies, victims, or both) did not develop later depression or suicidality and continued to have fewer psychiatric problems than students identified as at-risk for suicide. Students who experienced bullying behaviors and depression or suicidality were more impaired 4 years later than those who had only reported depression or suicidality. Thus, assessment of bullying behaviors in screening protocols is recommended.
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Hopwood CJ, Ansell EB, Fehon DC, Grilo CM. The mediational significance of negative/depressive affect in the relationship of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder features in adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Eat Weight Disord 2011; 16:e9-e16. [PMID: 21727786 PMCID: PMC3646630 DOI: 10.1007/bf03327515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Childhood maltreatment is a risk factor for eating disorder and negative/depressive affect appears to mediate this relation. However, the specific elements of eating- and body-related psychopathology that are influenced by various forms of childhood maltreatment remain unclear, and investigations among adolescents and men/boys have been limited. This study investigated the mediating role of negative affect/depression across multiple types of childhood maltreatment and eating disorder features in hospitalized adolescent boys and girls. METHOD Participants were 148 adolescent psychiatric inpatients who completed an assessment battery including measures of specific forms of childhood maltreatment (sexual, emotional, and physical abuse), negative/depressive affect, and eating disorder features (dietary restriction, binge eating, and body dissatisfaction). RESULTS Findings suggest that for girls, negative/depressive affect significantly mediates the relationships between childhood maltreatment and eating disorder psychopathology, although effects varied somewhat across types of maltreatment and eating disorder features. Generalization of mediation effects to boys was limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- C J Hopwood
- Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA.
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Hopwood CJ, Ansell EB, Fehon DC, Grilo CM. Personality heterogeneity in female adolescent inpatients with features of eating disorders. Compr Psychiatry 2010; 51:585-91. [PMID: 20965304 PMCID: PMC2962865 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2010.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2009] [Revised: 03/22/2010] [Accepted: 03/23/2010] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study examined evidence for personality variability in adolescents with eating disorder features in light of previous evidence that personality variability in adult women with eating disorder symptoms carries important clinical implications. METHOD Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory personality data from adolescent girls with disturbed eating who were psychiatrically hospitalized were cluster analyzed, and resulting groups were compared in eating and comorbid psychopathology. RESULTS Three subgroups were identified among the 153 patients with eating disorder features: high functioning, internalizing, and externalizing. The internalizing group was marked by eating-related and mood dysfunction; the externalizing group by elevated eating and mood psychopathology as well as impulsivity, aggression, and substance use; and the high-functioning group by lower levels of psychopathology and relatively high self-esteem. CONCLUSIONS These findings converge with previous research using different personality models in adult samples and highlight the clinical use of considering personality heterogeneity among adolescent and adult women with disturbed eating.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hopwood
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Mich 48824-1116, USA.
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Hopwood CJ, Grilo CM. Internalizing and externalizing personality dimensions and clinical problems in adolescents. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2010; 41:398-408. [PMID: 20213247 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-010-0175-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Ostensible psychiatric comorbidity can sometimes be explained by shared relations between diagnostic constructs and higher order internalizing and externalizing dimensions. However, this possibility has not been explored with regard to comorbidity between personality pathology and other clinical constructs in adolescents. In this study, personality pattern scales from the Millon Adolescent Clinical Inventory in a sample of 492 adolescent inpatients were subjected to a principal components analysis to yield oblique internalizing and externalizing dimensions. Relations between personality dimensions and well-established measures of psychopathology (depression, alcohol abuse, drug abuse) and other indicators of clinical dysfunction (self-esteem, suicidality, violence) were assessed before and after controlling for these higher-order personality dimensions. Associations between personality scales and indicators of psychopathology and clinical dysfunction were minimal with these higher order components controlled. These results suggest that internalizing and externalizing personality dimensions explain most of the associations between personality patterns and indicators of psychopathology and clinical dysfunction in adolescent patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J Hopwood
- Clinical Psychology, Department of Psychology, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824-1116, USA.
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Abstract
Major depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most prevalent psychiatric disorders affecting children and adolescents. The significant psychiatric, social, and functional impairments associated with this disorder coupled with the high incidence of relapse indicate a need for continued efforts to enhance treatment. Current empirically supported treatments for childhood and adolescent MDD include psychotropic medications, psychotherapy, and a combination of both treatments, with selection of the most appropriate strategy depending on symptom severity. One strategy to enhance treatment outcome is the use of measurement-based care. This article provides a systematic review of measurement-based care in the treatment of childhood and adolescent MDD. It also presents a comprehensive analysis of widely used depression rating scales and discusses their utility in clinical practice. This review found evidence supporting the utility and benefit of depression rating scales to document depression severity in children and adolescents. We also found evidence suggesting that many of these scales are time efficient, and that both clinician-rated and self-rated scales provide accurate assessment of depressive symptomatology. Future research is warranted to examine the utility of measurement-based care in clinical practice with child and adolescent populations.
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Rivera-Medina CL, Bernal G, Rosselló J, Cumba-Aviles E. A Study of the Predictive Validity of the Children’s Depression Inventory for Major Depression Disorder in Puerto Rican Adolescents. HISPANIC JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL SCIENCES 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/0739986310361919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to evaluate the predictive validity of the Children’s Depression Inventory items for major depression disorder (MDD) in an outpatient clinic sample of Puerto Rican adolescents. The sample consisted of 130 adolescents, 13 to 18 years old. The five most frequent symptoms of the Children’s Depression Inventory that best predict the presence of MDD were “I worry about others’ aches and pains,” “I don’t have any friends,” “I have to push myself to do my schoolwork,” “I have trouble sleeping every night,” and “I do very badly in subjects I used to be good in.” Results demonstrated that the symptoms that best predict MDD in Puerto Rican adolescents are not necessarily the ones commonly described as characteristic of the disorder.
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Hlastala SA, Kotler JS, McClellan JM, McCauley EA. Interpersonal and social rhythm therapy for adolescents with bipolar disorder: treatment development and results from an open trial. Depress Anxiety 2010; 27:457-64. [PMID: 20186968 PMCID: PMC4318681 DOI: 10.1002/da.20668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In adolescents and adults, bipolar disorder (BD) is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and impairment in psychosocial and occupational functioning. IPSRT is an empirically supported adjunctive psychotherapy for adults with bipolar disorder, which has been shown to help delay relapse, speed recovery from a bipolar depressive episode, and increase occupational and psychosocial functioning in adults with BD. This study is designed to describe the adolescent-specific developmental adaptations made to IPSRT (i.e., IPSRT-A) and to report the results from an open trial of IPSRT-A with 12 adolescents with a bipolar spectrum disorder. METHOD Interpersonal and Social Rhythm Therapy was adapted to be developmentally relevant to adolescents with bipolar disorder. Twelve adolescents (mean age 16.5+/-1.3 years) diagnosed with a bipolar spectrum disorder participated in 16-18 sessions of adjunctive IPSRT-A over 20 weeks. Manic, depressive, and general symptoms and global functioning were measured at baseline, monthly during treatment, and at post-treatment. Adolescent satisfaction with treatment was also measured. RESULTS Feasibility and acceptability of IPSRT-A were high; 11/12 participants completed treatment, 97% of sessions were attended, and adolescent-rated satisfaction scores were high. IPSRT-A participants experienced significant decreases in manic, depressive, and general psychiatric symptoms over the 20 weeks of treatment. Participants' global functioning increased significantly as well. Effect sizes ranged from medium-large to large. CONCLUSIONS IPSRT-A appears to be a promising adjunctive treatment for adolescents with bipolar disorder. A current randomized controlled trial is underway to examine effects of adjunctive IPSRT-A on psychiatric symptoms and psychosocial functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefanie A Hlastala
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, Washington, USA.
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Zaitsoff SL, Grilo CM. Eating disorder psychopathology as a marker of psychosocial distress and suicide risk in female and male adolescent psychiatric inpatients. Compr Psychiatry 2010; 51:142-50. [PMID: 20152294 PMCID: PMC2822712 DOI: 10.1016/j.comppsych.2009.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2008] [Revised: 03/11/2009] [Accepted: 03/16/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to examine psychosocial correlates of specific aspects of eating disorder (ED) psychopathology (ie, dietary restriction, body dissatisfaction, binge eating, and self-induced vomiting) in psychiatrically hospitalized adolescent girls and boys. METHOD A total of 492 psychiatric inpatients (286 adolescent girls and 206 adolescent boys), aged 12 to 19 years, completed self-report measures of psychosocial and behavioral functioning, including measures of suicide risk and ED psychopathology. Associations between ED psychopathology and psychosocial functioning were examined separately by sex and after controlling for depressive/negative affect using Beck Depression Inventory scores. RESULTS Among the adolescent boys and girls, after controlling for depressive/negative affect, ED psychopathology was significantly associated with anxiety, low self-esteem, and current distress regarding childhood abuse. Among adolescent girls, after controlling for depressive/negative affect, ED psychopathology was significantly related to hopelessness and suicidality. Among adolescent boys, after controlling for depressive/negative affect, ED psychopathology was positively related to self-reported history of sexual abuse and various externalizing problems (drug abuse, violence, and impulsivity). CONCLUSION In psychiatrically hospitalized adolescents, ED psychopathology may be an important marker of broad psychosocial distress and behavioral problems among girls and boys, although the nature of the specific associations differs by sex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon L Zaitsoff
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, PO Box 208098, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
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Hall EB, Mufson L. Interpersonal psychotherapy for depressed adolescents (IPT-A): a case illustration. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL FOR THE SOCIETY OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY, AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION, DIVISION 53 2010; 38:582-93. [PMID: 20183644 DOI: 10.1080/15374410902976338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
This article describes the treatment of a depressed adolescent (15 years of age) boy using Interpersonal Psychotherapy for depressed adolescents (IPT-A). IPT-A is an empirically supported psychosocial intervention for adolescents suffering from a depressive episode. It is delivered as an individual psychotherapy with a minimum of parental involvement. The following case study illustrates the principal strategies and techniques of IPT-A.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE We sought to examine follow-up service use by students identified at risk for suicidal behavior in a school-based screening program and assess barriers to seeking services as perceived by youths and parents. METHOD We conducted a longitudinal study of 317 at-risk youths identified by a school-based suicide screening in six high schools in New York State. The at-risk teenagers and their parents were interviewed approximately 2 years after the initial screen to assess service use during the intervening period and identify barriers that may have interfered with seeking treatment. RESULTS At the time of the screening, 72% of the at-risk students were not receiving any type of mental health service. Of these students, 51% were deemed in need of services and subsequently referred by us to a mental health professional. Nearly 70% followed through with the screening's referral recommendations. The youths and their parents reported perceptions about mental health problems, specifically relating to the need for treatment, as the primary reasons for not seeking service. CONCLUSIONS Screening seems to be effective in enhancing the likelihood that students at risk for suicidal behavior will get into treatment. Well-developed and systematic planning is needed to ensure that screening and referral services are coordinated so as to facilitate access for youths into timely treatment.
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Lévesque N, Marcotte D. Le modèle diathèse–stress de la dépression appliqué à une population d’adolescents. EUROPEAN REVIEW OF APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.erap.2009.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Klomek AB, Marrocco F, Kleinman M, Schonfeld IS, Gould MS. Peer victimization, depression, and suicidiality in adolescents. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2008; 38:166-80. [PMID: 18444775 DOI: 10.1521/suli.2008.38.2.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The association between specific types of peer victimization with depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among adolescents was examined. A self-report survey was completed by 2,342 high-school students. Regression analyses indicated that frequent exposure to all types of peer victimization was related to high risk of depression, ideation, and attempts compared to students not victimized. Infrequent victimization was also related to increased risk, particularly among females. The more types of victimization the higher the risk for depression and suicidality among both genders. Specific types of peer victimization are a potential risk factor for adolescent depression and suicidality. It is important to assess depression and suicidality among victimized students in order to develop appropriate intervention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Brunstein Klomek
- Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA.
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Becker DF, Grilo CM. Prediction of suicidality and violence in hospitalized adolescents: comparisons by sex. CANADIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHIATRY. REVUE CANADIENNE DE PSYCHIATRIE 2007; 52:572-80. [PMID: 17953161 DOI: 10.1177/070674370705200905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine psychological correlates of suicidality and violent behaviour in hospitalized adolescents and the extent to which these associations may be affected by their sex. METHOD A sample of 487 psychiatric inpatients (207 male, 280 female), aged 12 to 19 years, completed a battery of psychometrically sound self-report measures of psychological functioning, substance abuse, suicidality, and violent behaviour. We conducted multiple regression analyses to determine the joint and independent predictors of suicide risk and violence risk. In subsequent analyses, we examined these associations separately by sex. RESULTS Multiple regression analysis revealed that 9 variables (sex, age, hopelessness, self-esteem, depression, impulsivity, alcohol abuse, drug abuse, and violence risk) jointly predicted suicide risk and that an analogous model predicted violence risk. However, we found several differences with respect to which variables made significant independent contributions to these 2 predictive models. Female sex, low self-esteem, depression, drug abuse, and violence risk made independent contributions to suicide risk. Male sex, younger age, hopelessness, impulsivity, drug abuse, and suicide risk made independent contributions to violence risk. We observed a few additional differences when we considered male and female subjects separately. CONCLUSIONS We found overlapping but distinctive patterns of prediction for suicide risk and violence risk, as well as some differences between male and female subjects. These results may reflect distinct psychological and behavioural pathways for suicidality and violence in adolescent psychiatric patients and differing risk factors for each sex. Such differences have potential implications for prevention and treatment programs.
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Reid V, Meadows-Oliver M. Postpartum depression in adolescent mothers: an integrative review of the literature. J Pediatr Health Care 2007; 21:289-98. [PMID: 17825726 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedhc.2006.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/30/2006] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Research on adolescent mothers has revealed increasing rates of depressive symptoms in the postpartum period. This review integrated 12 research-based articles to provide a better understanding of depression among adolescent mothers in the first year postpartum. The results revealed that more family conflict, fewer social supports, and low self-esteem all were associated with increased rates of depressive symptoms in adolescent mothers during the first postpartum year. To prevent adverse outcomes associated with depression, it is important that nurse practitioners working with these families screen adolescent mothers for depression and refer them for treatment as needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vanessa Reid
- Child and Family Agency of Southeastern Connecticut, New London, USA
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Becker DF, Grilo CM. Ethnic differences in the predictors of drug and alcohol abuse in hospitalized adolescents. Am J Addict 2007; 16:389-96. [PMID: 17882610 DOI: 10.1080/10550490701525343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examined psychosocial correlates of drug and alcohol abuse in hospitalized adolescents and the extent to which these associations may be affected by ethnicity. Four hundred fifty-eight psychiatric inpatients, ages 12-19, completed measures of psychological functioning, environmental stress, drug abuse, and alcohol abuse. Multiple regression analyses examined the joint and independent predictors of drug and alcohol abuse for European Americans, Latino Americans, and African Americans separately. Seven variables--age, depression, impulsivity, low self-esteem, delinquent predisposition, low peer insecurity, and history of child abuse--jointly predicted drug abuse for all groups, and predicted alcohol abuse for European Americans and Latino Americans. However, several differences were noted with respect to which variables made independent contributions to the model. Such differences may reflect distinct risk factors for drug and alcohol abuse in these three ethnic groups and may also have implications for prevention and treatment programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Becker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California-San Francisco, CA, USA.
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Dervic K, Akkaya-Kalayci T, Kapusta ND, Kaya M, Merl E, Vogel E, Pellegrini E, Friedrich MH. Suicidal ideation among Viennese high school students. Wien Klin Wochenschr 2007; 119:174-80. [PMID: 17427021 DOI: 10.1007/s00508-006-0753-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2006] [Accepted: 04/26/2006] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Suicidality spans a spectrum ranging from suicidal thoughts to suicidal acts, and suicidal ideation is more prevalent in youth populations, suggesting important developmental issues. We assessed the prevalence of lifetime suicidal ideation and associated psychosocial factors among Viennese high school students. METHOD An anonymous self-report survey assessing demographic characteristics and the major psychiatric risk factors of teenage suicide was completed by students at three Viennese high schools (n = 214; mean age 15.4 years). RESULTS Eighty-one (37.9%) high school students reported having had suicidal thoughts at some point in their lives, girls significantly more often than boys (48.5% vs. 29.1%, P = 0.004). Furthermore, lifetime suicidal ideation in Viennese high school students was associated with living in broken-home families, cigarette smoking, substance problems (alcohol/drugs), self-reported depression, and high school type (the highest prevalence was in grammar school). After adjusting for confounders, we found that female gender, substance problems, school type and cigarette smoking were significantly associated with lifetime suicidal ideation in Viennese high school students. CONCLUSIONS The psychosocial factors associated with adolescent suicidal ideation require attention in the contexts of suicide prevention and mental health promotion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanita Dervic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, University Hospital, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
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Brunstein Klomek A, Marrocco F, Kleinman M, Schonfeld IS, Gould MS. Bullying, depression, and suicidality in adolescents. J Am Acad Child Adolesc Psychiatry 2007; 46:40-49. [PMID: 17195728 DOI: 10.1097/01.chi.0000242237.84925.18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 459] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the association between bullying behavior and depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts among adolescents. METHOD A self-report survey was completed by 9th- through 12th-grade students (n = 2342) in six New York State high schools from 2002 through 2004. Regression analyses were conducted to examine the association between being victimized and bullying others with depression, ideation, and attempts. RESULTS Approximately 9% of the sample reported being victimized frequently, and 13% reported bullying others frequently. Frequent exposure to victimization or bullying others was related to high risks of depression, ideation, and suicide attempts compared with adolescents not involved in bullying behavior. Infrequent involvement in bullying behavior also was related to increased risk of depression and suicidality, particularly among girls. The findings indicate that both victims and bullies are at high risk and that the most troubled adolescents are those who are both victims and bullies. Psychopathology was associated with bullying behavior both in and away from school. CONCLUSIONS Victimization and bullying are potential risk factors for adolescent depression and suicidality. In evaluations of students involved in bullying behavior, it is important to assess depression and suicidality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anat Brunstein Klomek
- Drs. Brunstein Klomek, Marrocco, and Gould, and Ms. Kleinman are with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University; Dr. Schonfeld is with City College, City University of New York, and the Child Psychiatry Research Training Program, Columbia University; Dr. Gould is also with the New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Frank Marrocco
- Drs. Brunstein Klomek, Marrocco, and Gould, and Ms. Kleinman are with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University; Dr. Schonfeld is with City College, City University of New York, and the Child Psychiatry Research Training Program, Columbia University; Dr. Gould is also with the New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Marjorie Kleinman
- Drs. Brunstein Klomek, Marrocco, and Gould, and Ms. Kleinman are with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University; Dr. Schonfeld is with City College, City University of New York, and the Child Psychiatry Research Training Program, Columbia University; Dr. Gould is also with the New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Irvin S Schonfeld
- Drs. Brunstein Klomek, Marrocco, and Gould, and Ms. Kleinman are with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University; Dr. Schonfeld is with City College, City University of New York, and the Child Psychiatry Research Training Program, Columbia University; Dr. Gould is also with the New York State Psychiatric Institute
| | - Madelyn S Gould
- Drs. Brunstein Klomek, Marrocco, and Gould, and Ms. Kleinman are with the Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University; Dr. Schonfeld is with City College, City University of New York, and the Child Psychiatry Research Training Program, Columbia University; Dr. Gould is also with the New York State Psychiatric Institute..
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Typology of students at risk of dropping out of school: Description by personal, family and school factors. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY OF EDUCATION 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03173508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Marcotte D, Lévesque N, Fortin L. Variations of Cognitive Distortions and School Performance in Depressed and Non-Depressed High School Adolescents: A Two-Year Longitudinal Study. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-006-9020-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Dervic K, Gould MS, Lenz G, Kleinman M, Akkaya-Kalayci T, Velting D, Sonneck G, Friedrich MH. Youth suicide risk factors and attitudes in New York and Vienna: a cross-cultural comparison. Suicide Life Threat Behav 2006; 36:539-52. [PMID: 17087633 DOI: 10.1521/suli.2006.36.5.539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of suicide risk factors and attitudes about suicide and help-seeking among New York and Viennese adolescents were compared in order to explore possible cross-cultural differences. Viennese adolescents exhibited higher rates of depressive symptomatology than their New York counterparts and had more first-hand experience with suicidal peers. More attribution of suicide to mental illness was reported in Vienna; yet Viennese youth were less likely than New York adolescents to recognize the seriousness of suicide threats. Help-seeking patterns of Viennese adolescents were influenced by their setting a high value on confidentiality. These cross-cultural differences may reflect the limited exposure of Austrian youth to school-based suicide prevention programs. The findings highlight the need of taking the sociocultural context into consideration in the planning of youth suicide prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanita Dervic
- Department of Child and Adolescent Neuropsychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel, Vienna, Austria.
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Becker DF, Grilo CM. Prediction of drug and alcohol abuse in hospitalized adolescents: Comparisons by gender and substance type. Behav Res Ther 2006; 44:1431-40. [PMID: 16360118 DOI: 10.1016/j.brat.2005.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2004] [Revised: 06/06/2005] [Accepted: 10/14/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The authors examined psychosocial correlates of drug and alcohol abuse in 462 hospitalized adolescents, and the extent to which these associations may be affected by gender or by substance type. Participants completed a battery of psychometrically-sound, self-report measures of psychological functioning, environmental stress, drug abuse, and alcohol abuse. Four multiple regression analyses were conducted to determine the joint and independent predictors of drug abuse and alcohol abuse, for males and for females. Multiple regression analysis revealed that seven variables--age, depression, impulsivity, low self-esteem, delinquent predisposition, low peer insecurity, and history of child abuse--jointly predicted both drug and alcohol abuse, for both males and females. However, several differences were found with respect to which variables made independent contributions to the predictive models--with only delinquent predisposition making a significant independent contribution for all four conditions. We found distinct patterns of psychosocial predictor variables for drug and alcohol abuse, as well as distinct patterns for males and females. These results may reflect differing risk factors for drug abuse and alcohol abuse in adolescent psychiatric patients--and differing risk factors for males and females. Such differences have potential implications for prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel F Becker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, USA.
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Marinilli Pinto A, Guarda AS, Heinberg LJ, Diclemente CC. Development of the eating disorder recovery self-efficacy questionnaire. Int J Eat Disord 2006; 39:376-84. [PMID: 16528731 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of the current investigation was to develop and validate the Eating Disorder Recovery Self-Efficacy Questionnaire (EDRSQ), a self-report measure of self-efficacy to recover from an eating disorder. METHOD Participants were 116 female patients with anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, or a subthreshold eating disorder treated at an eating disorder clinic. Patients completed the EDRSQ and measures of eating disorder symptoms and depression. RESULTS The EDRSQ contains two internally consistent factors, Normative Eating Self-Efficacy and Body Image Self-Efficacy. Moderate to large correlations between EDRSQ subscales and measures of eating disorder pathology support the convergent validity of the EDRSQ. The EDRSQ demonstrates theoretically consistent relations with constructs that are related to but distinct from self-efficacy. Discriminant validity is reflected in small correlations between EDRSQ subscales and measures of general psychological correlates of disordered eating. CONCLUSION The EDRSQ is a psychometrically sound measure to assess self-efficacy in patients with a range of eating disorder diagnoses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Marinilli Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Brown Medical School, Providence, Rhode Island 02903, USA.
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Donovan CL, Spence SH, Sheffield JK. Investigation of a model of weight restricting behaviour amongst adolescent girls. EUROPEAN EATING DISORDERS REVIEW 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/erv.711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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