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Wittek T, Truttmann S, Zeiler M, Philipp J, Auer-Welsbach E, Koubek D, Ohmann S, Werneck-Rohrer S, Sackl-Pammer P, Schöfbeck G, Mairhofer D, Kahlenberg L, Schmidt U, Karwautz AFK, Wagner G. The Maudsley model of anorexia nervosa treatment for adolescents and young adults (MANTRa): a study protocol for a multi-center cohort study. J Eat Disord 2021; 9:33. [PMID: 33685522 PMCID: PMC7941930 DOI: 10.1186/s40337-021-00387-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The treatment of anorexia nervosa (AN) is often challenging due to medical complications as well as high relapse and mortality rates. Studies about effective treatment options for people with AN are particularly scarce in the adolescent population. This paper is a study protocol for a multi-center cohort study assessing the feasibility, acceptability and efficacy of a new, manualized treatment program, the "Maudsley Model of Anorexia Nervosa Treatment for Adolescents and Young Adults" (MANTRa) compared to psychotherapeutic treatment as usual (TAU). METHODS/DESIGN One hundred patients between 13 and 21 years who meet the inclusion criteria will receive 24 to 34 individual weekly MANTRa therapy sessions or weekly TAU sessions. Primary outcome variables will be BMI and eating disorder psychopathology 12 months after baseline. Further changes in central coherence, cognitive flexibility, emotion recognition, comorbid psychopathology (e.g. depression, obsessive-compulsive and anxiety disorders, non-suicidal self-injury), personality factors and therapeutic alliance will be assessed. DISCUSSION This multi-center study will examine the utility of the treatment program MANTRa for adolescents with AN and, therefore enhances the current knowledge about potential treatments for this patient group. TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT03535714 . Registered: 24/05/2018 (retrospectively registered, still recruiting).
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja Wittek
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Stefanie Truttmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Michael Zeiler
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Philipp
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ellen Auer-Welsbach
- Department of Neurology and Psychiatry of Childhood and Adolescence, Clinical Center Klagenfurt, 9020, Klagenfurt am Wörthersee, Austria
| | - Doris Koubek
- Medical Practice for Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, 4020, Linz, Austria
| | - Susanne Ohmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sonja Werneck-Rohrer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Petra Sackl-Pammer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gabriele Schöfbeck
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Dunja Mairhofer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Leonie Kahlenberg
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King's College London, London, WC2R 21S, UK
| | - Andreas F K Karwautz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, 1090, Vienna, Austria.
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Ling LS, Stathopoulou CH. An exploration of ending psychotherapy: The experiences of volunteer counsellors. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/capr.12379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lydia Success Ling
- Bucks Adult Eating Disorders Service The Whiteleaf Centre Oxford Health NHS Foundation Trust Aylesbury Buckinghamshire UK
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Wormgoor MEA, Indahl A, Andersen E, Egeland J. Effectiveness of Briefer Coping-Focused Psychotherapy for Common Mental Complaints on Work-Participation and Mental Health: A Pragmatic Randomized Trial with 2-Year Follow-Up. JOURNAL OF OCCUPATIONAL REHABILITATION 2020; 30:22-39. [PMID: 31222615 DOI: 10.1007/s10926-019-09841-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Purpose The aim of this study was to assess short and long-term effectiveness of brief coping-focused psychotherapy (Brief-PsT) compared with short-term psychotherapy (Short-PsT) on work-participation (WP) and mental health. Both treatments were preceded by group education. Methods All participants were on, or at risk of, sick leave due to common mental complaints. Patients were selected for inclusion in this study based on levels of self-reported symptoms ('some' or 'seriously affected') of anxiety and depression. They were randomized to Brief-PsT (n = 141) or Short-PsT with a more extended focus (n = 143). Primary outcome was the transition of WP-state from baseline to 3 months follow-up. In addition, WP at 12 and 24 months follow-up were assessed. The secondary outcome, clinical recovery rate (CR-rate) was obtained from the Beck Depression and Beck Anxiety Inventories, at 2-year follow-up. In addition, self-reported mental health symptom severity, self-efficacy, subjective health complaints and life satisfaction were assessed. Results At 3 months follow-up, the increase in WP was significantly greater in Brief-PsT than in Short-PsT (p = 0.039). At 3 months, 60% in Brief-PsT and 51% in Short-PsT was at work, partial or full. Thereafter, these differences diminished, 84% and 80% were at work at 2-year follow up. The 2-year follow-up of the secondary outcome measurements was completed by 53% in Brief-PsT and 57% in Short PsT. CR-rate was significantly greater in Brief-PsT compared with the Short-PsT (69% vs. 51%, p = 0.024). Furthermore, there was a greater reduction in the number of subjective health complaints in Brief-PsT (4.0 vs. 1.9 p = 0.012). All other measurements favoured Brief-PsT as well, but did not reach statistical significance. Conclusions Brief coping-focused psychotherapy added to group education for persons with depression or anxiety complaints seemed more effective in enhancing early work participation compared with additional short-term psychotherapy of standard duration with more extended focus. Clinical recovery rate and decline of comorbid subjective health complaints at 2-year follow-up were also in favour of the brief coping-focused program.
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Affiliation(s)
- M E A Wormgoor
- Division Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Stavern, Norway.
| | - A Indahl
- Division Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Stavern, Norway
| | - E Andersen
- Division of Mental Health & Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
| | - J Egeland
- Division of Mental Health & Addiction, Vestfold Hospital Trust, Tønsberg, Norway
- Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Irwin R, Pullen C. Brief psychosexual therapy: reflections on the provision of a time-limited therapy service in a sexual health clinic. SEXUAL AND RELATIONSHIP THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/14681994.2016.1237772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robert Irwin
- College of Liberal Arts, Bath Spa University, Bath, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
| | - Caroline Pullen
- Bristol Sexual Health Centre, Central Health Clinic, Bristol, United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
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Fulton CL. Mindfulness, Self-Compassion, and Counselor Characteristics and Session Variables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.17744/mehc.38.4.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Mindfulness has garnered interest as a counselor development tool for enhancing the therapeutic relationship and increasing counselor trainee effectiveness, yet empirical study of counselor mindfulness is limited. A study of the relationship between mindfulness and client perceived empathy among 55 client-counselor trainee dyads is reported. The relationships between counselor trainee mindfulness, self-compassion and ambiguity tolerance, experiential avoidance, and session depth were also examined in this exploratory study. Counselor trainee mindfulness was associated with client perceived empathy and both mindfulness and self-compassion were associated with lower experiential avoidance and greater session depth as rated by the counselor trainee. Self compassion was positively related to tolerance for ambiguity. Implications for counselors, educators, and supervisors and suggestions for practical application of mindfulness for counselor development are discussed.
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Mcclintock AS, Stiles WB, Himawan L, Anderson T, Barkham M, Hardy GE. An investigation of client mood in the initial and final sessions of cognitive-behavioral therapy and psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy. Psychother Res 2016; 26:377-85. [DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2015.1034796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
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Daniel L, Borders LD, Willse J. The Role of Supervisors' and Supervisees' Mindfulness in Clinical Supervision. COUNSELOR EDUCATION AND SUPERVISION 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ceas.12015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Laura Daniel
- Department of Counseling and Educational Development; The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
- Now at Academic Office; Chatham Hall
| | - L. DiAnne Borders
- Department of Counseling and Educational Development; The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
| | - John Willse
- Department of Educational Research Methodology; The University of North Carolina at Greensboro
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Bernstein RE, Ablow JC, Maloney KC, Nigg JT. Piloting PlayWrite: Feasibility and Efficacy of a Playwriting Intervention for At-Risk Adolescents. JOURNAL OF CREATIVITY IN MENTAL HEALTH 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/15401383.2014.902342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Richmond CJ, Jordan SS, Bischof GH, Sauer EM. Effects of Solution-Focused Versus Problem-Focused Intake Questions on Pre-treatment Change. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1521/jsyt.2014.33.1.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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How much psychotherapy is needed to treat depression? A metaregression analysis. J Affect Disord 2013; 149:1-13. [PMID: 23528438 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2013.02.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2013] [Revised: 02/18/2013] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although psychotherapies are effective in the treatment of adult depression it is not clear how this treatment effect is related to amount, frequency and intensity of therapy. METHODS To fill this gap in knowledge, the present metaregression analysis examined the association between the effects of psychotherapy for adult depression and several indicators of amount, frequency and intensity of therapy. The analysis included 70 studies (92 comparisons) with 5403 patients, in which individual psychotherapy was compared with a control group (e.g. waiting list, care-as-usual). RESULTS There was only a small association between number of therapy sessions and effect size, and this association was no longer significant when the analysis adjusted for other characteristics of the studies. The multivariable analyses also found no significant association with the total contact time or duration of the therapy. However, there was a strong association between number of sessions per week and effect size. An increase from one to two sessions per week increased the effect size with g=0.45, while keeping the total number of treatment sessions constant. DISCUSSION More research is needed to establish the robustness of this finding. Based on these findings, it may be advisable to concentrate psychotherapy sessions within a brief time frame.
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Gibbons CR, Stirman SW, Derubeis RJ, Newman CF, Beck AT. Research setting versus clinic setting: Which produces better outcomes in cognitive therapy for depression? COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2013; 37:605-612. [PMID: 23710102 PMCID: PMC3661278 DOI: 10.1007/s10608-012-9499-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare the outcomes of cognitive therapy for depression under controlled and clinically representative conditions, while holding several therapist and clinical assessment factors constant. METHOD Treatment outcomes for a sample of 23 adults with a primary diagnosis of Major Depressive Disorder who received cognitive therapy in an outpatient clinic were compared with outcomes of 18 clients who were treated in the cognitive therapy condition of a large, multi-site randomized clinical trial of treatments for depression. All participants had been treated by one of two therapists who served as clinicians in both settings. Individuals in the two samples were diagnostically and demographically similar (approximately 50% Female, 83% White). A variety of client characteristics, assessed prior to treatment, as well as the outcomes of treatment, were examined. RESULTS Significantly superior treatment outcomes were observed in the individuals treated in the research study, relative to clients in the outpatient clinic, and the difference was not accounted for by intake characteristics. Individuals treated by the therapists in the RCT experienced almost three times as much improvement in depressive symptoms as clients seen in the outpatient setting. CONCLUSIONS If replicated, the findings suggest that differences exist between treatment outcomes in research and outpatient settings and that these differences may not simply be due to therapist experience and training, or differences in patient populations. Future research should further examine the impact of fidelity monitoring, treatment expectation and motivation, and the duration and timing of treatment protocols on clinical outcomes.
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Reynolds DJ, Stiles WB, Bailer AJ, Hughes MR. Impact of Exchanges and Client–Therapist Alliance in Online-Text Psychotherapy. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY, BEHAVIOR, AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2013. [DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2012.0195\] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D'Arcy J. Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, Indiana
| | | | - A. John Bailer
- Department of Statistics, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio
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Reynolds DJ, Stiles WB, Bailer AJ, Hughes MR. Impact of exchanges and client-therapist alliance in online-text psychotherapy. CYBERPSYCHOLOGY BEHAVIOR AND SOCIAL NETWORKING 2013; 16:370-7. [PMID: 23530546 DOI: 10.1089/cyber.2012.0195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The impact of exchanges and client-therapist alliance of online therapy text exchanges were compared to previously published results in face-to-face therapy, and the moderating effects of four participant factors found significant in previously published face-to-face studies were investigated using statistical mixed-effect modeling analytic techniques. Therapists (N=30) and clients (N=30) engaged in online therapy were recruited from private practitioner sites, e-clinics, online counseling centers, and mental-health-related discussion boards. In a naturalistic design, they each visited an online site weekly and completed the standard impact and alliance questionnaires for at least 6 weeks. Results indicated that the impact of exchanges and client-therapist alliance in text therapy was similar to, but in some respects more positive than, previous evaluations of face-to-face therapy. The significance of participant factors previously found to influence impact and alliance in face-to-face therapy (client symptom severity, social support, therapist theoretical orientation, and therapist experience) was not replicated, except that therapists with the more symptomatic clients rated their text exchanges as less smooth and comfortable. Although its small size and naturalistic design impose limitations on sensitivity and generalizability, this study provides some insights into treatment impact and the alliance in online therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Arcy J Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern Indiana, Evansville, Indiana 47712, USA.
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Markin RD, McCarthy KS, Barber JP. Transference, countertransference, emotional expression, and session quality over the course of supportive expressive therapy: The raters' perspective. Psychother Res 2013; 23:152-68. [DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2012.747013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Gega L, Smith J, Reynolds S. Cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for depression by computer vs. therapist: patient experiences and therapeutic processes. Psychother Res 2013; 23:218-31. [PMID: 23390994 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2013.766941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract This case series compares patient experiences and therapeutic processes between two modalities of cognitive behaviour therapy (CBT) for depression: computerized CBT (cCBT) and therapist-delivered CBT (tCBT). In a mixed-methods repeated-measures case series, six participants were offered cCBT and tCBT in sequence, with the order of delivery randomized across participants. Questionnaires about patient experiences were administered after each session and a semi-structured interview was completed with each participant at the end of each therapy modality. Therapy expectations, patient experiences and session impact ratings in this study generally favoured tCBT. Participants typically experienced cCBT sessions as less meaningful, less positive and less helpful compared to tCBT sessions in terms of developing understanding, facilitating problem-solving and building a therapeutic relationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lina Gega
- Norwich Medical School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, UK.
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Kearns MA, Athay MM, Riemer M. Measuring youths' perceptions of counseling impact: description, psychometric evaluation, and longitudinal examination of the Youth Counseling Impact Scale v.2. ADMINISTRATION AND POLICY IN MENTAL HEALTH AND MENTAL HEALTH SERVICES RESEARCH 2012; 39:104-17. [PMID: 22407563 DOI: 10.1007/s10488-012-0414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The Youth Counseling Impact Scale (YCIS) is an empirically validated treatment progress measure that assesses youths' perceptions of the short term effectiveness of therapy. Since its initial publication, the original 10-item measure has been shortened to ease measurement burden and revised to include a question about a youth's insight into his or her strengths. The current study describes the development of the revised YCIS (v.2) and evaluates its psychometric properties. Additionally, this study examines whether the YCIS (v.2) total score or subscale scores change over time and investigates whether there are gender or age differences for youths' perceptions of the impact of therapy. Results found the revised version obtained comparable information to that of the original measure, and that the revised version retained the factor structure of the original model with one primary general factor of Counseling Impact and two secondary factors (Insight and Change). Results also suggested that while the YCIS (v.2) total score and Change subscale score did not change linearly over the course of treatment, the Insight subscale score showed a small but significant linear increase over time. No significant differences in YCIS scores based on youth age or gender were found. The implication of these findings, the clinical and empirical utility of this measure, and its limitations are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia A Kearns
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, 65211-2500, USA.
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Anderson T, Knobloch-Fedders LM, Stiles WB, Ordoñez T, Heckman BD. The power of subtle interpersonal hostility in psychodynamic psychotherapy: A speech acts analysis. Psychother Res 2012; 22:348-62. [DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2012.658097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Dennhag I, Armelius BÅ. Baseline training in cognitive and psychodynamic psychotherapy during a psychologist training program. Exploring client outcomes in therapies of one or two semesters. Psychother Res 2012; 22:515-26. [PMID: 22468963 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2012.677332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This effectiveness study explored the outcomes of 187 clients seen by 187 students undergoing baseline training in psychotherapy. Clients reduced their symptoms (SCL-90) and increased their positive self-image (SASB introject) during the therapy. Multiple regression analyses showed no differences between the cognitive and the psychodynamic training approaches and no differences between one and two semesters duration of the therapies. However, 2-3% of variance in end states was accounted for by the interaction between the variables, indicating a moderating effect of duration in the two approaches. Outcomes for clients in the cognitive training approach were significantly better with two semesters than with one semester, while there was no such difference in the psychodynamic approach. Consequences for baseline training are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inga Dennhag
- Department of Psychology, Umeå University, Umeå, Sweden.
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Osatuke K, Stiles WB, Barkham M, Hardy GE, Shapiro DA. Relationship between mental states in depression: the assimilation model perspective. Psychiatry Res 2011; 190:52-9. [PMID: 21122920 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2010.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2010] [Revised: 10/19/2010] [Accepted: 11/01/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Metacognitive theories describe relationships between mental-affective self-states, including the capacity of one self-state to reflect upon another self-state. The assimilation model is a metacognitive approach that understands self-states as made of traces of experiences at different levels of integration. Psychological problems are understood as impaired accessibility of certain self-states to the person's normal awareness. These states are distressing or otherwise subjectively problematic when they emerge. This exploratory study used the assimilation framework to describe mental states in 17 clients who participated in a clinical trial of cognitive-behavioral therapy for depression. Three clinically sophisticated raters examined transcripts of 1h-long psychotherapy session per client to construct qualitative descriptions of self-states and their relationship patterns in these depressed individuals. We then systematically compared and integrated these raters' descriptions of the clients' self-states. In each case, we found a conflict between two internally incompatible states: an interpersonally submissive state and an interpersonally dominant one, a pattern consistent with the model's theoretical description of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katerine Osatuke
- Veterans Health Administration National Center for Organization Development, Ste 230, 11500 Northlake Drive, Cincinnati, OH 45249, USA.
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Gibbons CJ, Fournier JC, Stirman SW, DeRubeis RJ, Crits-Christoph P, Beck AT. The clinical effectiveness of cognitive therapy for depression in an outpatient clinic. J Affect Disord 2010; 125:169-76. [PMID: 20080305 PMCID: PMC2888955 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2009.12.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2009] [Revised: 11/23/2009] [Accepted: 12/29/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cognitive therapy (CT) has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment of depression in numerous randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, little evidence is available that speaks to the effectiveness of this treatment under routine clinical conditions. METHOD This paper examines outcomes of depressed individuals seeking cognitive therapy at an outpatient clinic (N=217, Center for Cognitive Therapy; CCT). Outcomes were then compared to those of participants in a large NIMH-funded RCT of cognitive therapy and medications as treatments for depression. RESULTS The CCT is shown to be a clinically representative setting, and 61% of participants experienced reliable change in symptoms over the course of treatment; of those, 45% (36% of the total sample) met criteria for recovery by the end of treatment. Participants at CCT had similar outcomes to participants treated in the RCT, but there was some evidence that those with more severe symptoms at intake demonstrated greater improvement in the RCT than their counterparts at CCT. LIMITATIONS The CCT may not be representative of all outpatient settings, and the structure of treatment there was considerably different from that in the RCT. Treatment fidelity was not assessed at CCT. CONCLUSIONS Depressed individuals treated with cognitive therapy in a routine clinical care setting showed a significant improvement in symptoms. When compared with outcomes evidenced in RCTs, there was little evidence of superior outcomes in either setting. However, for more severe participants, outcomes were found to be superior when treatment was delivered within an RCT than in an outpatient setting. Clinicians treating such patients in non-research settings may thus benefit from making modifications to treatment protocols to more closely resemble research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carly J. Gibbons
- Yale University School of Medicine,VA Connecticut Healthcare System
| | | | | | | | | | - Aaron T. Beck
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania
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Salvatore S, Gelo O, Gennaro A, Manzo S, Al Radaideh A. Looking at the Psychotherapy Process as an Intersubjective Dynamic of Meaning-Making: A Case Study with Discourse Flow Analysis. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10720531003765981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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E. HARDY DAVID A. SHAPIRO WILLIAM B GILLIAN. When and why does cognitive-behavioural treatment appear more effective than psychodynamic-interpersonal treatment? Discussion of the findings from the Second Sheffield Psychotherapy Project. J Ment Health 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/09638239818229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Shechtman Z, Nir-Shfrir R. The effect of affective bibliotherapy on clients' functioning in group therapy. Int J Group Psychother 2008; 58:103-17. [PMID: 18211216 DOI: 10.1521/ijgp.2008.58.1.103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract The effect of affective group bibliotherapy (GB) was compared to affective group therapy (GT) on patients' functioning in therapy and their session impression. Three small groups totaling twenty-five in-patients in a hospital in Israel participated in the study. Clients concurrently participated in both group types, undergoing three sessions in each condition. In-therapy behaviors were assessed through the Client Behavior System (CBS; Hill & O'Brien, 1999). Results indicated that in the GB condition compared to the GT condition, clients showed less resistance, used simple responses less frequently, and expressed greater affective exploration. The Session Evaluation Questionnaire (SEQ; Stiles et al., 1994) was used to measure clients' impressions of the sessions. Results indicated that patients evaluated the two treatment conditions equally. Overall, the results support earlier findings, suggesting that affective bibliotherapy can be an effective method of treatment.
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Wolf M, Sedway J, Bulik CM, Kordy H. Linguistic analyses of natural written language: unobtrusive assessment of cognitive style in eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2007; 40:711-7. [PMID: 17683092 DOI: 10.1002/eat.20445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Linguistic style analysis is introduced as a method of nonreactive measurement of cognitive style in individuals with eating disorders (ED). METHOD A journaling exercise was implemented on an ED inpatient unit. Thirty-four written essays collected from an unselected sample of 11 patients were analysed with the Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count, with regard to predefined text categories. At each session, self-report of participant well-being and session impact were assessed. RESULTS Compared to essays from a student control group, and message-board entries of individuals who had recovered from an anorexia nervosa (AN), the inpatient journals displayed the highest rates of self-related words, negative emotion words, and the lowest rate of positive emotion words. Inpatients used more anxiety words and fewer words that refer to social processes and eating concerns than individuals who had recovered from an AN. Associations were found between linguistic categories, prewriting well-being, and postwriting evaluation. CONCLUSION Linguistic style analysis offers insights into cognitive styles, and provides a promising approach for their unobtrusive measurement in ED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Markus Wolf
- Center for Psychotherapy Research, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany.
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Enhancing Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Mothers and Expectant Mothers on Low Incomes: Adaptations and Additions. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2007; 38:23-33. [PMID: 21822328 DOI: 10.1007/s10879-007-9065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Intervening with depressed women during their childbearing years, especially with those on low incomes, is critically important. Not only do mothers and expectant mothers suffer unnecessarily, but their untreated depression has critical negative consequences for their families. Despite this, these women have proven especially difficult to engage in psychotherapy. In this paper we describe several adaptations and additions we have made to a brief form of Interpersonal Psychotherapy (IPT) to meet the needs of mothers and expectant mothers living on low incomes in the community who suffer from depression, but face significant practical, psychological, and cultural barriers to engaging in and staying in treatment. In addition, we present some preliminary data on the extent to which our enhanced, brief IPT approach promotes improvements in treatment engagement and retention relative to usual care for expectant mothers on low incomes.
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Stuart S. What is IPT? The Basic Principles and the Inevitability of Change. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2007. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-007-9063-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Beail N, Kellett S, Newman DW, Warden S. The Dose?Effect Relationship in Psychodynamic Psychotherapy with People with Intellectual Disabilities. JOURNAL OF APPLIED RESEARCH IN INTELLECTUAL DISABILITIES 2007. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-3148.2007.00385.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Abstract
A preliminary investigation addressed the feasibility of using a specially designed online database to collect psychotherapy session impact and therapist-client alliance data and compared these online measures to published results of their paper-and-pencil counterparts. Participants drawn from a psychology department clinic, a student counseling center, and community agencies visited an online site to report on each of their sessions. Some clients and therapists visited the online database on a regular basis; however, client recruitment and participation was problematic. Equivalence between the online and paper-and-pencil forms was supported, with minor qualifications, by comparable distributions of participant responses on the measures' scales. More direct contact with clients might increase their participation.
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Affiliation(s)
- D'Arcy J Reynolds
- Department of Psychology, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio 45056, USA.
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Green SM, Hadjistavropoulos T, Sharpe D. Client personality characteristics predict satisfaction with cognitive behavior therapy. J Clin Psychol 2007; 64:40-51. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Osatuke K, Stiles WB. Problematic Internal Voices in Clients with Borderline Features: An Elaboration of The Assimilation Model. JOURNAL OF CONSTRUCTIVIST PSYCHOLOGY 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/10720530600691699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Reynolds DJ, Stiles WB, Grohol JM. An investigation of session impact and alliance in internet based psychotherapy: Preliminary results. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2006. [DOI: 10.1080/14733140600853617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Barkham M, Connell J, Stiles WB, Miles JNV, Margison F, Evans C, Mellor-Clark J. Dose-effect relations and responsive regulation of treatment duration: the good enough level. J Consult Clin Psychol 2006; 74:160-7. [PMID: 16551153 DOI: 10.1037/0022-006x.74.1.160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined rates of improvement in psychotherapy as a function of the number of sessions attended. The clients (N=1,868; 73.1% female; 92.4% White; average age=40), who were seen for a variety of problems in routine primary care mental health practices, attended 1 to 12 sessions, had planned endings, and completed the Clinical Outcomes in Routine Evaluation-Outcome Measure (CORE-OM) at the beginning and end of their treatment. The percentage of clients achieving reliable and clinically significant improvement (RCSI) on the CORE-OM did not increase with number of sessions attended. Among clients who began treatment above the CORE-OM clinical cutoff (n=1,472), the RCSI rate ranged from 88% for clients who attended 1 session down to 62% for clients who attended 12 sessions (r=-.91). Previously reported negatively accelerating aggregate curves may reflect progressive ending of treatment by clients who had achieved a good enough level of improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Barkham
- Psychological Therapies Research Centre, University of Leeds, Leeds, and Rampton Hospital, Nottinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
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Client and Counselor Trainee Attachment as Predictors of Session Evaluation and Countertransference Behavior in First Counseling Sessions. J Couns Psychol 2005. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.52.3.298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Gabalda IC. Introduction to the special symposium issue on the Assimilation of Problematic Experiences Scale: Expanding possibilities. COUNSELLING PSYCHOLOGY QUARTERLY 2005. [DOI: 10.1080/09515070500136710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Mallinckrodt B, Porter MJ, Kivlighan DM. Client Attachment to Therapist, Depth of In-Session Exploration, and Object Relations in Brief Psychotherapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1037/0033-3204.42.1.85] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Stiles WB, Glick MJ, Osatuke K, Hardy GE, Shapiro DA, Agnew-Davies R, Rees A, Barkham M. Patterns of Alliance Development and the Rupture-Repair Hypothesis: Are Productive Relationships U-Shaped or V-Shaped? J Couns Psychol 2004. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.51.1.81] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Mackay HC, Barkham M, Stiles WB, Goldfried MR. Patterns of client emotion in helpful sessions of cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy. J Couns Psychol 2002. [DOI: 10.1037/0022-0167.49.3.376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Leichsenring F. Comparative effects of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy in depression: a meta-analytic approach. Clin Psychol Rev 2001; 21:401-19. [PMID: 11288607 DOI: 10.1016/s0272-7358(99)00057-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED This article reviews the efficacy of short-term psychodynamic psychotherapy (STPP) in depression compared to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) or behavioral therapy (BT). In this review, only studies in which at least 13 therapy sessions were performed have been included, and a sufficient number of patients per group were treated (N > or = 20). With regard to outcome criteria, the results were reviewed for improvements in depressive symptoms, general psychiatric symptoms, and social functioning. Six studies met the inclusion criteria. RESULTS In 58 of the 60 comparisons (97%) performed in the six studies and their follow-ups, no significant difference could be detected between STPP and CBT/BT concerning the effects in depressive symptoms, general psychiatric symptomatology, and social functioning. Furthermore, STPP and CBT/BT did not differ significantly with regard to the patients that were judged as remitted or improved. According to a meta-analytic procedure described by R. Rosenthal (1991) the studies do not differ significantly with regard to the patients that were judged as remitted or improved after treatment with STPP or CBT/BT. The mean difference between STPP and CBT/BT concerning the number of patients that were judged as remitted or improved corresponds to a small effect size (post-assessment: phi = 0.08, follow-up assessment: phi = 0.12). Thus, STPP and CBT/BT seem to be equally effective methods in the treatment of depression. However, because of the small number of studies which met the inclusion criteria, this result can only be preliminary. Furthermore, it applies only to the specific forms of STPP that were examined in the selected studies and cannot be generalized to other forms of STPP. Further studies are needed to examine the effects of specific forms of STPP in both controlled and naturalistic settings. Furthermore, there are findings indicating that 16-20 sessions of both STPP and CBT/BT are insufficient for most patients to achieve lasting remission. Future studies should address the effects of longer treatments of depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Leichsenring
- University of Göttingen, Department of Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Von Sieboldstr. 5, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
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Barkham M, Hardy GE. Counselling and interpersonal therapies for depression: towards securing an evidence-base. Br Med Bull 2001; 57:115-32. [PMID: 11719912 DOI: 10.1093/bmb/57.1.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Both generic counselling (delivered by BACP level counsellors in primary care settings) and the interpersonal therapies place a central value on the role and function of relationships--both within and outside the practice setting - as a vehicle for understanding and treating people presenting with depression. Recent studies have compared generic counselling with antidepressant medication, usual GP care, cognitive-behaviour therapy (CBT), and as an adjunct to GP care (i.e. in combination with GP care). Findings suggest either that there is no difference between generic counselling and other treatment conditions, or that there are small advantages to counselling over usual GP care but only in the short-term with such differences disappearing at 1-year. Studies investigating the interpersonal therapies (IPT) have established that the content of such therapies differ in their content from behavioural and cognitive therapies despite the outcomes being broadly similar. Considerable research effort has focused on the process of change in IP therapies. Important factors include the level of prior commitment by the patient to psychological therapy and their confidence in the therapist. Patients with well assimilated problems tend to do better in CBT than psychodynamic-interpersonal therapy. Therapists need to be flexible and responsive to patient needs particularly concerning interpersonal and attachment issues. Future research in counselling needs to identify the effective components of generic counselling and relate these to a theoretical base. In the IP therapies, there needs to be a greater focus on the change outside the therapy session and on the effectiveness of such therapies in non-research settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Barkham
- Psychological Therapies Research Centre, School of Psychology, University of Leeds, UK
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