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Levy A, Galinsky A, Nguyen CQ, Saguy T, Ikizer EG, Dovidio JF. Ingroup love, outgroup hate, and the gateway group effect: Comparing the direct and indirect impact of dual versus single identification. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287631. [PMID: 37585360 PMCID: PMC10431672 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Decades of research in social identity have shown that people instinctively hold positive attitudes towards ingroup members and negative attitudes towards outgroup members. However, it remains unclear how people respond to individuals explicitly identified with both one's ingroup and outgroup. We propose that when people are exposed to dual-identified individuals and groups (e.g., Muslim-Americans explicitly identifying with both their Muslim and American identities), intergroup attitudes will improve, driven more by the ingroup component (American), despite the presence of the outgroup component (Muslim). Moreover, we suggest exposure to dual-identification can also improve attitudes toward the broader outgroup (Muslims more generally), a phenomenon called the gateway-group effect. To test these hypotheses, we created a new measure of dual-identification and conducted three studies involving both Muslim-Americans and Mexican-Americans. Results confirmed that exposure to explicitly dual-identified groups improved attitudes towards the dual-identified group (e.g., Mexican-Americans) as well as toward the respective outgroup (e.g., Mexicans).
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Affiliation(s)
- Aharon Levy
- Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
| | - Adam Galinsky
- Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Christine Q. Nguyen
- Columbia Business School, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tamar Saguy
- Department of Psychology, Reichman University, Herzliya, Israel
| | - Elif G. Ikizer
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin, Green Bay, Wisconsin, United States of America
| | - John F. Dovidio
- Department of Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America
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Grigoryan L. Crossed categorization outside the lab: Findings from a factorial survey experiment. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Song J, Ruan Y. Simple-categorization dominance and evaluation of the crossed-categorization target: comparison of different perspectives. The Journal of General Psychology 2020; 147:448-467. [PMID: 31931678 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2019.1711355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The current study analyzed the effect of simple-categorization dominance on the evaluation of crossed-categorization target from the perspective of observer (other) and actor (self). With a focus on the young-poor target, in Study 1 and Study 2, participants were assigned to observer or actor perspective and were randomly assigned to one of three experimental groups: age simple-categorization dominant, wealth simple-categorization dominant, and a control group. Study 1 demonstrated that in the observer perspective group, the evaluation of the competence of the young-poor target in the wealth simple-categorization dominant group was higher than that in the age simple-categorization dominant group. In the actor perspective group, the self-evaluation of the competence in the wealth simple-categorization dominant group was lower than in the age simple-categorization dominant group. Study 2 showed that simple-categorization dominance was not associated with the evaluation of the young-poor target. These results have implications for understanding the evaluation of the crossed-categorization target.
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Grigoryan L. Perceived Similarity in Multiple Categorisation. APPLIED PSYCHOLOGY-AN INTERNATIONAL REVIEW-PSYCHOLOGIE APPLIQUEE-REVUE INTERNATIONALE 2019. [DOI: 10.1111/apps.12202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lusine Grigoryan
- University of Bremen, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen International Graduate School of Social Sciences (BIGSSS) Germany
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Zhao X, Biernat M. Your Name Is Your Lifesaver: Anglicization of Names and Moral Dilemmas in a Trilogy of Transportation Accidents. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550618817341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Can immigrants’ names determine whether they receive help or not? Drawing on a partial in-group membership framework, we adapted intergroup versions of moral dilemmas (a trilogy of transportation accidents) to test how Anglicizing ethnic names affects intergroup decision-making in hypothetical life-and-death situations. Study 1 showed that White American participants were equally likely to help White and Asian immigrants with Anglicized names but were less likely to help Asian immigrants with original ethnic names. The same effect emerged in Study 2 but only among male White American participants. In Study 3, White pro-assimilationists were more likely to help White than Arab immigrants (with either Anglicized or original ethnic names), but White pro-multiculturalists were more likely to help Arab immigrants with Anglicized names than White targets. The results suggest that name Anglicization as a cultural assimilation practice may reduce intergroup bias, but the precise pattern of effects is context-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xian Zhao
- Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
- University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS, USA
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Song J, Zuo B. Functional Significance of Conflicting Age and Wealth Cross-Categorization: The Dominant Role of Categories That Violate Stereotypical Expectations. Front Psychol 2016; 7:1624. [PMID: 27818640 PMCID: PMC5073204 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of the current study was to identify the functional significance of conflicting stereotypes and to identify the dominant category in such conflicts. In the present research we examined the conflicting crossed categories of age and wealth with regard to warmth and competence perceptions. It was found (Pilot Study and Study 1) that the old-rich targets presented a conflicting stereotype group in the perception of warmth, whereas young-poor targets presented a conflicting stereotype group in the perception of competence. In addition, the old stereotype dominated the warmth evaluation of old-rich targets, whereas the poor stereotype dominated the competence evaluation of young-poor targets. In Study 2, participants provided warmth and competence evaluations after they learned about the targets' behaviors which demonstrated high or low warmth and high or low competence. The results suggest that for the warmth evaluation of the old-rich target the category that did not match the behavior (i.e., contradicted the stereotype expectation) was more salient and drove judgments. However, the effect of stereotype expectation violation was not found in the competence evaluation of the young-poor target. The results are discussed in terms of their implications for understanding factors that activate and inhibit stereotyped perceptions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Song
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University Wuhan, China
| | - Bin Zuo
- School of Psychology, Central China Normal University Wuhan, China
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Fiske ST. Grolar Bears, Social Class, and Policy Relevance: Extraordinary Agendas for the Emerging 21 st Century. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 45:551-559. [PMID: 27397941 PMCID: PMC4936535 DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.2117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
This Agenda article first considers whether social psychology is in the best or worst of times and suggests that we are instead in extraordinary times, given exciting agendas and potential policy relevance, if we are careful. The article illustrates with two current research agendas-the hybrid vigor of multiple categories and the psychology of social class-that could inform policy. The essay then reflects on how we know when our work is indeed ready for the public arena. Regarding hybrids: World immigration, social media, and global businesses are increasing. How will this complicate people's stereotypes of each other? One agenda could build on the existing social and behavioral science of people as social hybrids, emerging with a framework to synthesize existing work and guide future research that better reflects our changing world. Policy implications already emerge from our current knowledge of hybrids. Regarding the social psychology of social class: We do not know enough yet to give advice, except to suggest questioning some common stereotypes, e.g., about the economic behavior of lower-income people. Before the budding social psychology of class can be ready for policy export, the research results need replication, validation, and generality. Overall, principles of exportable policy insights include peer-reviewed standards, honest brokering, nonpartisan advice, and respectful, trustworthy communication. Social psychology can take advantage of its extraordinary times to be innovative and useful.
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Kang SK, Bodenhausen GV. Multiple Identities in Social Perception and Interaction: Challenges and Opportunities. Annu Rev Psychol 2015; 66:547-74. [DOI: 10.1146/annurev-psych-010814-015025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia K. Kang
- Department of Management, Institute for Management and Innovation, University of Toronto Mississauga, and Rotman School of Management, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E6, Canada;
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Albarello F, Rubini M. Reducing dehumanisation outcomes towards Blacks: The role of multiple categorisation and of human identity. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2012. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.1902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Lawrence BS, Zyphur MJ. Identifying Organizational Faultlines With Latent Class Cluster Analysis. ORGANIZATIONAL RESEARCH METHODS 2010. [DOI: 10.1177/1094428110376838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Faultline theory proposes that when the distributions of individuals’ attributes in groups are aligned, they create homogeneous subgroups, characterized by within-group similarities and between-group differences. As homogeneity increases, these differences are increasingly likely to acquire meaning to subgroup members and thus to influence behavior. Although the face validity of faultlines is appealing, empirical methods have been difficult. The most commonly used, Fau and FLS, have several limitations, for instance difficulty with integrating nominal, categorical, and continuous variables. This article proposes latent class cluster analysis (LCCA) as an additional analytical tool. After reviewing the literature involving interdependent attributes, the most common faultline measures are described and compared with LCCA. A study of faultlines in a large organization is presented. LCCA induces a five-class model of organizational faultlines. A comparison of work-related communication contacts indicates that subjects have more within-subgroup than between-subgroup contacts, supporting the criterion-related validity of the faultline solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara S. Lawrence
- Anderson Graduate School of Management, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA,
| | - Michael J. Zyphur
- Department of Management and Marketing, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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Oono Y, Wakasa Y, Hirose S, Yang L, Sakuta C, Takaiwa F. Analysis of ER stress in developing rice endosperm accumulating beta-amyloid peptide. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2010; 8:691-718. [PMID: 20331531 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-7652.2010.00502.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
The common neurodegenerative disorder known as Alzheimer's disease is characterized by cerebral neuritic plaques of amyloid beta (Abeta) peptide. Plaque formation is related to the highly aggregative property of this peptide, because it polymerizes to form insoluble plaques or fibrils causing neurotoxicity. Here, we expressed Abeta peptide as a new causing agent to endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress to study ER stress occurred in plant. When the dimer of Abeta(1-42) peptide was expressed in maturing seed under the control of the 2.3-kb glutelin GluB-1 promoter containing its signal peptide, a maximum of about 8 mug peptide per grain accumulated and was deposited at the periphery of distorted ER-derived PB-I protein bodies. Synthesis of Abeta peptide in the ER lumen severely inhibited the synthesis and deposition of seed storage proteins, resulting in the generation of many small and abnormally appearing PB bodies. This ultrastructural change was accounted for by ER stress leading to the accumulation of aggregated Abeta peptide in the ER lumen and a coordinated increase in ER-resident molecular chaperones such as BiPs and PDIs in Abeta-expressing plants. Microarray analysis also confirmed that expression of several BiPs, PDIs and OsbZIP60 containing putative transmembrane domains was affected by the ER stress response. Abeta-expressing transgenic rice kernels exhibited an opaque and shrunken phenotype. When grain phenotype and expression levels were compared among transgenic rice grains expressing several different recombinant peptides, such detrimental effects on grain phenotype were correlated with the expressed peptide causing ER stress rather than expression levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youko Oono
- Transgenic Crop Research and Development Center, National Institute of Agrobiological Sciences, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Kinzler KD, Shutts K, Correll J. Priorities in social categories. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/ejsp.739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 106] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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