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Puder D, Dominguez C, Borecky A, Ing A, Ing K, Martinez AE, Pereau M, Kashner TM. Assessing Interpersonal Relationships in Medical Education: the Connection Index. ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY : THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN ASSOCIATION OF DIRECTORS OF PSYCHIATRIC RESIDENCY TRAINING AND THE ASSOCIATION FOR ACADEMIC PSYCHIATRY 2022; 46:683-691. [PMID: 35064549 DOI: 10.1007/s40596-021-01574-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The relationship between a resident physician and his/her supervising attending is foundational to graduate medical education and may impact the clinical learning environment and resident well-being. This paper focuses on how to measure connection between a resident and their clinical supervisor. Connection includes the subdomains of psychological safety, empathy, educational alliance, and feedback. METHODS After reviewing the literature, the authors designed the 12-item, 7-point Connection Index (CI12) to quantitatively measure connections between a resident and his/her supervisor during a 6-month period (supervision dyad), and based on educational alliance, empathy, psychological safety, and effective feedback. A 9-criteria evaluation framework was applied to assess its reliability and validity on a sample of psychiatry residents at a residency program, July 2016 through June 2018. RESULTS Out of a total possible number of 50 residents, 100% participated to rate 41 supervisors over 201 supervision dyads; the CI12 satisfied all eight of the eight testable criteria, including high scalability (H = 0.78), consistency (alpha = 0.98), test-retest validity (ICC = 0.95), and construct validity where CI12 was found to have statistically significant correlations with outcomes measures (greater connection was associated with less negative emotional experiences, less mistreatment or bias, less burnout, and higher attendance to supervision sessions). CONCLUSION The authors showed the CI12 can be a valid and reliable instrument to quantify whether a resident and his/her supervisor connects during a 6-month supervision with respect to empathy, psychological safety, educational alliance, and feedback. We recommend assessing connections as part of the overall evaluation of a resident's experience with the clinical learning environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Puder
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA.
| | - Chloe Dominguez
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Adam Borecky
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Alice Ing
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Kevin Ing
- University of California at Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | | | - Melissa Pereau
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - T Michael Kashner
- Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
- Office of Academic Affiliations, Department of Veterans Affairs, Washington, DC, USA
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Levitt HM, Collins KM, Morrill Z, Gorman KR, Ipekci B, Grabowski L, Karch J, Kurtz K, Orduña Picón R, Reyes A, Vaswani-Bye A, Wadler B. Learning Clinical and Cultural Empathy: A Call for a Multidimensional Approach to Empathy-Focused Psychotherapy Training. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-022-09541-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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3
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Hiebler-Ragger M, Nausner L, Blaha A, Grimmer K, Korlath S, Mernyi M, Unterrainer HF. The supervisory relationship from an attachment perspective: Connections to burnout and sense of coherence in health professionals. Clin Psychol Psychother 2020; 28:124-136. [PMID: 32691477 PMCID: PMC7891645 DOI: 10.1002/cpp.2494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 07/19/2020] [Accepted: 07/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Supervision is an essential part of the training and work environment of health professionals, especially of psychotherapists and clinical/health psychologists. However, although the supervisory process is always a relational one and may therefore be influenced by attachment dynamics, the importance of the supervisory relationship for the professional's performance and the well‐being of the supervisee has yet to be fully examined. In this cross‐sectional observational study, the Experiences in Close Relationships‐Revised (ECR‐RD; avoidant and anxious attachment), the Supervisory Relationship Questionnaire (SRQ), the Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) and the Sense of Coherence Scale (SOC‐13) were analysed for 346 (81.8% female) health professionals. Considering professional experience and number of supervision sessions as control variables, a better supervisory relationship negatively predicted burnout symptoms (β = −.31) but positively predicted sense of coherence (β = .31, both p < .01). The final model, including avoidant and anxious attachment as additional predictors, explained 30% of the variance in burnout symptoms and 41% of the variance in sense of coherence. The results underline the importance of the supervisory relationship for the well‐being and the professional performance of health professionals. Interactions between the supervisory relationship and underlying attachment parameters should be further explored in future studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Hiebler-Ragger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center for Integrative Addiction Research (CIAR), Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
| | - Liselotte Nausner
- Specialist Faculty of Integrative Gestalt (IG) Therapy, Austrian Working Group for Group Therapy and Group Dynamics (ÖAGG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Anna Blaha
- Specialist Faculty of Group Psychoanalysis (GPA), Austrian Working Group for Group Therapy and Group Dynamics (ÖAGG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Karl Grimmer
- Specialist Faculty of Psychodrama (PD), Austrian Working Group for Group Therapy and Group Dynamics (ÖAGG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Silvia Korlath
- Specialist Faculty of Group Dynamics and Dynamic Group (DG) Therapy, Austrian Working Group for Group Therapy and Group Dynamics (ÖAGG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Margarete Mernyi
- Specialist Faculty of Systemic Family (SF) Therapy, Austrian Working Group for Group Therapy and Group Dynamics (ÖAGG), Vienna, Austria
| | - Human F Unterrainer
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapeutic Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.,Center for Integrative Addiction Research (CIAR), Grüner Kreis Society, Vienna, Austria
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Doležal P, Čevelíček M, Řiháček T, Roubal J, Hytych R, Ukropová L. Why did she leave? Development of working alliance in a case of psychotherapy for depression. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019; 22:354. [PMID: 32913795 PMCID: PMC7451337 DOI: 10.4081/ripppo.2019.354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The present case study aims to explore the unfolding of the working alliance in a case that ended with the client dropping out of psychotherapy, unilaterally cutting off her contact with the therapist. However, both quantitative and qualitative outcome assessments strongly suggested that. An analysis of session transcripts, the Client Change Interview, and the Interpersonal Process Recall interviews for three selected sessions was used to analyze the development of the working alliance and its contribution to the dropout. This case study illustrates how the working alliance is constructed differently during the different phases of the therapeutic process. Specifically, the fruitful problem-solving in the first part of psychotherapy helped the client to improve her functioning. Yet this intervention seemed to exhaust its potential over time, and later the dyad had trouble finding another useful mode of interaction due to the interpersonal context, leading to more serious ruptures and, eventually, to the dropout. The findings are discussed in terms of therapist responsiveness and of its role in the continuous negotiation of the working alliance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petr Doležal
- Centre for Psychotherapy Research, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Čevelíček
- Centre for Psychotherapy Research, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tomáš Řiháček
- Centre for Psychotherapy Research, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Roubal
- Centre for Psychotherapy Research, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Roman Hytych
- Centre for Psychotherapy Research, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Lucia Ukropová
- Centre for Psychotherapy Research, Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Studies, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic
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Brandão T, Tavares R, Schulz MS, Matos PM. Experiences of breast cancer patients and helpful aspects of supportive-expressive group therapy: A qualitative study. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2019; 28:e13078. [PMID: 31038245 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 01/17/2019] [Accepted: 03/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study explored the experiences and perceived changes of breast cancer (BC) patients after participating in 16-weekly sessions of Supportive-Expressive Group Therapy (SEGT). METHODS A semi-structured interview adapted from Elliott's Client Change Interview was carried out with 12 women (aged 33-60 years) with BC, about 6 months after completing the treatment. RESULTS Content analysis identified four main themes: expectations and motivations to participate in SEGT, group processes and experiences, perceived changes enhanced by SEGT and perceptions about the therapeutic relationship. The most helpful aspects of SEGT mentioned by participants were as follows: the expression/normalisation of feelings, thoughts and reactions; the improvement of social support; and the learning opportunities obtained through sharing of experiences among participants. Additionally, participants mentioned that SEGT contributed to improve personal and social skills, such as the capacity to express emotions and the ability to establish satisfactory interpersonal relationships. CONCLUSIONS Based on the participants' experiences, SEGT seems to be an effective intervention to support women facing BC during the initial phase of cancer. The use of SEGT by health care professionals is encouraged, but the specific needs/problems of each group member should be carefully attended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tânia Brandão
- CIP, Departamento de Psicologia, Universidade Autónoma de Lisboa Luís de Camões, Lisboa, Portugal.,Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Rita Tavares
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marc S Schulz
- Department of Psychology, Bryn Mawr College, Bryn Mawr, Pennsylvania
| | - Paula M Matos
- Center for Psychology at University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Are there differences in health professionals’ empathy due to academic and clinical experience? CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-018-9980-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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7
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Ribeiro E, Gonçalves MM, Santos B. How Reconceptualization of the Self Is Negotiated in Psychotherapy: An Exploratory Study of the Therapeutic Collaboration. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/0022167818792123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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8
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McClintock AS, Anderson T, Patterson CL, Wing EH. Early psychotherapeutic empathy, alliance, and client outcome: Preliminary evidence of indirect effects. J Clin Psychol 2018; 74:839-848. [DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 10/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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9
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“Now I Know the Terrain”: Phenomenological Exploration of CFTs Learning an Evidence-Based Practice. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-017-9448-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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10
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Werbart A, Missios P, Waldenström F, Lilliengren P. "It was hard work every session": Therapists' view of successful psychoanalytic treatments. Psychother Res 2017; 29:354-371. [PMID: 28714808 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1349353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore therapists' experiences of the therapeutic process in successful cases of psychoanalytic psychotherapy. METHOD A two-stage, mixed-method design was used. Sixteen successful cases were drawn from a sample of 92 young adults in psychoanalytic psychotherapy according to Jacobson's criteria for reliable and clinically significant improvement. Therapist interviews at baseline and termination were analyzed applying Inductive Thematic Analysis. RESULTS Three core themes emerged: Being Particularly Motivated to be This Patient's Therapist, Maintaining a Safe and Attentive Therapeutic Position, and Assiduous Work Every Session. The therapists experienced positive feelings towards the patient from the outset of treatment and described active, relational work that included paying attention to incongruities in the patient's self-presentation and being mindful of patient's avoidant behavior. The therapist's motivation and attentive position made it possible to balance support and challenge in the therapeutic relationship. CONCLUSIONS Successful therapeutic work presupposes positive expectations, an active therapeutic stance and assiduous work session-by-session. Therapist expertise may involve the ability to mobilize and work effectively with patient-specific resources and obstacles from the beginning of treatment. In addition to identifying the characteristics and actions of effective therapists, research should also focus on processes emerging within effective therapeutic dyads. Clinical or methodological significance of this article: Our study indicates several factors that seem to characterize therapist expertise and can inform psychotherapy training. Successful therapeutic work presupposes positive expectations, an active therapeutic stance, courage to challenge the patient, and assiduous work session-by-session. Therapist expertise may involve the ability to mobilize and work effectively with patient-specific resources and obstacles from the beginning of treatment. In addition to identifying the characteristics and actions of effective therapists, research should also focus on processes emerging within effective therapeutic dyads.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrzej Werbart
- a Department of Psychology , Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | - Peter Missios
- a Department of Psychology , Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
| | | | - Peter Lilliengren
- a Department of Psychology , Stockholm University , Stockholm , Sweden
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D’Aniello C, Perkins SN. Common Factors Come Alive: Practical Strategies for Implementing Common Factors in MFT Training. CONTEMPORARY FAMILY THERAPY 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s10591-016-9377-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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12
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Levitt HM, Piazza-Bonin E. The professionalization and training of psychologists: The place of clinical wisdom. Psychother Res 2015; 27:127-142. [PMID: 26427515 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2015.1090034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The current study examines how clinical wisdom develops and how it both is and can be influenced by professional training processes. In this way, the project is studying the intersection of developmental and systemic processes related to clinical wisdom. METHOD Researchers analyzed the interviews of psychologists practicing in the USA and Canada who were nominated for their clinical wisdom by their peers. These interviews explored how graduate training and professionalization were thought to influence the development of clinical wisdom and were subjected to an adapted grounded theory analysis. RESULTS The findings described both professional and personal disincentives toward developing wisdom, including the dangers of isolation. Therapists reported concerns about educational systems that rewarded quick answers instead of thoughtful questioning in processes of admittance, training, and accreditation. Findings emphasized the importance of teaching multiple psychotherapy orientations, critical self- and professional-reflection skills, and openly supporting graduate students' curiosities and continued professional engagement. CONCLUSIONS Recommended principles for training are put forward for the development and evaluation of psychotherapy training programs that aim to foster clinical wisdom. These principles complement training models focused upon clinical competence by helping trainees to develop a foundation for clinical wisdom.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidi M Levitt
- a Department of Psychology , University of Massachusetts Boston , Boston , MA , USA
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE The primary objective of this study is to engender an understanding of how therapists-in-training experience and cope with self-criticism in the context of their clinical training and therapy experiences. METHOD In this study, trainees were interviewed about their experience of self-criticism related to psychotherapy practice and these interviews were subjected to a grounded theory analysis generating a core self-critical process. RESULTS The analysis highlighted the vulnerability of self-criticism in therapists' training experiences, especially when they related to balancing the "expert" role while maintaining authentic interactions with their clients. The results also described ways in which self-criticism is mitigated by a sense of interpersonal safety and the provision of clinical freedom and flexibility in therapists' training. CONCLUSIONS The implications for future psychotherapy research and clinical training within clinical training environments are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Divya Kannan
- a Department of Psychiatry , Vanderbilt University , Nashville , TN , USA
| | - Heidi M Levitt
- b Department of Psychology , University of Massachusetts Boston , Boston , MA , USA
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Skotarczak L, Lee GK. Effects of parent management training programs on disruptive behavior for children with a developmental disability: a meta-analysis. RESEARCH IN DEVELOPMENTAL DISABILITIES 2015; 38:272-87. [PMID: 25577178 DOI: 10.1016/j.ridd.2014.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2014] [Revised: 12/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
This meta-analysis determined the effects of parent management training (PMT) on disruptive behaviors in children with a developmental disability. Parent management training programs, based on behavioral theories of psychology, are commonly used in addressing disruptive behavior in children. Eleven studies met inclusion criteria with a total of 540 participants, with 275 in experimental groups and 265 in control groups. The effect of PMT on the disruptive behavior in children with a developmental disability was significant (g=0.39). The moderator effects of type of PMT, delivery type and setting, and administrator level of education were also significant. The moderator effects of child age, and session number and duration were not significant in this meta-analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Skotarczak
- University at Buffalo - State University of New York, United States.
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Brouzos A, Vassilopoulos SP, Baourda VC. Members’ perceptions of person-centered facilitative conditions and their role in outcome in a psychoeducational group for childhood social anxiety. PERSON-CENTERED AND EXPERIENTIAL PSYCHOTHERAPIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2014.965843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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16
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Nodop S, Strauß B. Kompetenzbereiche in der psychotherapeutischen Ausbildung. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Theoretischer Hintergrund: Die Kompetenzbasierung der Psychotherapieausbildung wird immer intensiver diskutiert. Ein Konsens über Komponenten psychotherapeutischer Kompetenz und deren Wichtigkeit in der Ausbildung besteht bisher jedoch nicht. Fragestellung: In diesem Beitrag wird der Frage nachgegangen, welche Kompetenzen Ausbildungsteilnehmer am Ende der Ausbildung erreicht haben sollten und für wie wichtig welche Kompetenzen angesehen werden. Methode: Die offenen Antworten von Leitern psychotherapeutischer Ausbildungsinstitute (N = 129) aus dem Forschungsgutachten zur Psychotherapieausbildung wurden mit qualitativer Methodik ausgewertet. Ergebnisse: Vor allem fachlich-konzeptuelle Kompetenzen (57,2 %) wurden häufig genannt, aber auch personale (21,0 %) und interpersonale (21,9 %). Schlussfolgerungen: Die Aussagen der Ausbildungsleiter stimmen im Wesentlichen mit bestehenden Kompetenzdefinitionen überein, wenngleich die Betonung von Theoriewissen bzw. Fachkompetenzen zulasten von Beziehungsgestaltungs- und personalen Kompetenzen sich nicht ganz mit den Befunden und Kompetenzkonzepten der Psychotherapieforschung deckt. Schlüsselwörter: Psychotherapie, Ausbildung, Kompetenz, Qualitative Analyse
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Affiliation(s)
- Steffi Nodop
- Institut für Psychosoziale Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena
| | - Bernhard Strauß
- Institut für Psychosoziale Medizin und Psychotherapie, Universitätsklinikum Jena
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Davidsen AS, Fosgerau CF. General practitioners' and psychiatrists' responses to emotional disclosures in patients with depression. PATIENT EDUCATION AND COUNSELING 2014; 95:61-68. [PMID: 24492158 DOI: 10.1016/j.pec.2013.12.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/22/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate general practitioners' (GPs') and psychiatrists' responses to emotional disclosures in consultations with patients with depression. METHODS Thirteen patient consultations with GPs and 17 with psychiatrists were video-recorded and then analyzed using conversation analysis (CA). RESULTS Psychiatrists responded to patients' emotional disclosures by attempting to clarify symptoms, by rational argumentation, or by offering an interpretation of the emotions from their own perspectives. GPs responded by claiming to understand the emotions or by formulating the patients' statements, but without further exploring the emotions. CONCLUSION GPs displayed a greater engagement with patients' emotions than psychiatrists. Their approach could be described as empathic, corresponding to a mentalizing stance. The different approaches taken by psychiatrists could represent conceptual differences and might affect fruitful interdisciplinary work. Psychiatric nurses' responses to patients' emotions must also be studied to complete our knowledge from psychiatry. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Experiences from training in mentalization could be used to develop physicians' empathic or mentalizing approach. As most patients with depression are treated in primary care, developing GPs' mentalizing capacity instead of offering didactic training could have a substantial effect in the population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annette Sofie Davidsen
- The Research Unit for General Practice and Section of General Practice, Department of Public Health, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen K, Denmark.
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Sandberg JG, Knestel A, Schade LC. From Head to Heart: A Report on Clinicians’ Perceptions of the Impact of Learning Emotionally Focused Couple Therapy on Their Personal and Professional Lives. JOURNAL OF COUPLE & RELATIONSHIP THERAPY-INNOVATIONS IN CLINICAL AND EDUCATIONAL INTERVENTIONS 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/15332691.2013.750076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sharpley CF, Bitsika V, Christie DHR. Do prostate cancer patients suffer more from depressed mood or anhedonia? Psychooncology 2012; 22:1718-23. [PMID: 23019092 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 09/10/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to compare the prevalence of depressed mood and anhedonia in a sample of men with prostate cancer (PCa) and to determine which of these key symptoms contributed most to the overall depressive status of that sample. METHOD From Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS) responses collected on 526 PCa patients, direct comparisons were made between the prevalence of the first two DSM-IV-TR symptoms of Major Depressive Episode. These symptoms were then tested for their predictive power on depression total score and Zung's criteria for 'clinically significant' depression. RESULTS Mean scores for anhedonia were significantly higher than for depressed mood, and nearly 25 times as many patients had a high score for anhedonia as for depressed mood. The same pattern of results was apparent for those patients who had clinically significant levels of depression. Anhedonia was a more powerful predictor of total SDS depression score for the entire sample as well as for those patients with more severe depression. CONCLUSION Because the biological basis for anhedonia is different to that for depressed mood, treatment options also differ for patients who show a preponderance of anhedonia in their depressive symptomatology. Suggestions are made for treatment choices for these PCa patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher F Sharpley
- Brain-Behaviour Research Group, University of New England, New South Wales, 4225, Australia.
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Angus L. Toward an integrative understanding of narrative and emotion processes in Emotion-focused therapy of depression: Implications for theory, research and practice. Psychother Res 2012; 22:367-80. [DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2012.683988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Abstract
This qualitative investigation sought parallels between empathy as experienced in musical performance relationships and empathy as described in therapeutic encounters. Nine professional musicians were invited to offer their reflections on the ways in which relational connections influenced their overall performance experience. Three themes emerged as illustrative of parallels between empathic connections in musical performance and those in therapy: striking a chord, likened to forming an empathic connection; staying in tune, likened to the working relationship; and making music, likened to therapeutic process. Participants emphasized the importance of felt-level mutuality and highlighted its complexity. This study confirms the centrality of the relational bond in forging effective communication and purposeful interaction. Examination of nontherapeutic relational models offers a promising and innovative direction for future study with potential for yielding perhaps deeper understanding of therapeutic constructs. Exploration of empathy in nonclinical relationships may also enhance the accessibility of this ephemeral construct for students and researchers dedicated to capturing its impact in therapeutic process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharon A. Myers
- University of New Brunswick, Fredericton, New Brunswick, Canada
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Angus L, Mio JS. At the "Heart of the Matter": Understanding the Importance of Emotion-Focused Metaphors in Patient Illness Narratives. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1215/00166928-1407540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Angus LE, Kagan F. Therapist empathy and client anxiety reduction in motivational interviewing: "She carries with me, the experience". J Clin Psychol 2010; 65:1156-67. [PMID: 19760742 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.20635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In this article, we examine the use of motivational interviewing (MI) to treat generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) by means of case illustration that focuses on four categories drawn from the client's experience of the key ingredients in MI therapy. The case illustration, drawn from the York study on combining MI and cognitive behavior therapy in the treatment of GAD (uses the client's pre- and post-therapy narrative interviews) to arrive at categories representative of the client's experience of MI therapy. The results of the qualitative analysis highlight the key contributions to positive client outcomes and readiness for change in brief MI therapy for GAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne E Angus
- Clinical Psychology Graduate Program, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
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Myers SA, White CM. The Abiding Nature of Empathic Connections: A 10-Year Follow-up Study. JOURNAL OF HUMANISTIC PSYCHOLOGY 2009. [DOI: 10.1177/0022167809337475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This qualitative study explores the enduring impact of the therapeutic encounter. Participants, who had engaged in therapeutic relationships 10 years previously and endorsed empathy as a catalyst for personal growth, were invited to reflect on their experiences and to articulate ways in which the relationships have continued to shape their ongoing development. Two predominant themes emerged: therapeutic relationship as a foundation for change, and affirmation/enhancement of personal agency, which was characterized by inter- and intrapersonal self-efficacy and by emotional regulation. This study confirms the abiding nature of personal growth well beyond the therapeutic encounter. Ten years later, participants continue to credit the therapeutic relationship as the basis for their personal growth.
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