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Beckmeyer JJ, Greene A. Parental Alcohol Communication and Student Drinking: Examining Potential Differences between Underage and Legal Drinking Age Students. Subst Use Misuse 2024; 59:732-742. [PMID: 38307842 DOI: 10.1080/10826084.2024.2302128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We explored associations between parental alcohol communication (PCA) and student drinking behavior and protective behavioral strategies (PBS) use. METHODS College students in the United States, who had talked about alcohol with parents, (N = 251) completed an anonymous online survey in Fall 2021. Participants reported frequency of discussing 14 alcohol-related topics with parents, past 30-day drinking behaviors, and PBS use. RESULTS We identified two forms of PCA: general alcohol information and alcohol risk information, with alcohol risk information being more common than general alcohol information. PCA was not significantly associated with drinking behavior but was associated with two types of PBS. Specifically, general alcohol information was associated with greater use of serious harm reduction and stopping or limiting drinking strategies. Additionally, legal drinking age status moderated the associations between both forms of PCA and the use of stopping or limiting drinking strategies. In general, underage students stopping or limiting drinking strategies benefited from general alcohol information but not alcohol risk information. Legal drinking age students stopping or limiting drinking strategies benefited from alcohol risk information. CONCLUSIONS Among these students, PCA appears to have a greater impact on PBS use rather than drinking behavior. This may reflect a shift in students' beliefs about parental authority over alcohol and parents' acceptance of alcohol use by their children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathon J Beckmeyer
- Department of Counseling and Learning Sciences, West Virginia University, Morgantown, West Virginia, USA
| | - Alison Greene
- Department of Applied Health Science, Indiana University School of Public Health-Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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2
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Ramer NE, Paige KJ, Colder CR. Alcohol-Specific Communication and Emerging Adult Offspring's Perceived Parental Approval and Drinking in the Context of Parent Alcohol Expectancies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 45:251-263. [PMID: 33232523 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are mixed findings in the literature regarding the association between parental alcohol communication and offspring alcohol use. To clarify this association, this study tested a prospective mediated moderation model in which the association between parental communication about the risks of alcohol use and emerging adult offspring drinking was mediated by offspring perceived parental approval of drinking. Parental alcohol expectancies and use were tested as moderators of the link between communication and perceived approval. METHOD The community sample of 378 emerging adult and caregiver dyads completed 3 annual assessments (first assessment mean age = 19.13). The sample was 54% female and majority White/non-Hispanic (76%). Caregivers reported on their own alcohol expectancies and use, and emerging adult offspring reported on parental communication of alcohol risks, perceived parental approval of drinking, and their own alcohol use. Multilevel modeling was used to test hypotheses. RESULTS Mediated moderation was largely supported. More frequent communication about the risks of drinking was prospectively associated with low levels of perceived parental approval of alcohol use, which in turn was associated with low levels of offspring drinking. This pathway depended on parental alcohol expectancies. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that including mediators (e.g., perceived approval of drinking) helps to clarify the mixed literature on parental communication about alcohol and that parental attitudes about alcohol can impact the effectiveness with which parents convey the risk of alcohol to offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nolan E Ramer
- From the, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Katie J Paige
- From the, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
| | - Craig R Colder
- From the, Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, New York
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3
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Litt DM, Garcia TA, Lowery A, LoParco C, Galvin AM, Larimer ME, Lewis MA. Examining the associations between alcohol-related parental communication, alcohol use, and protective behavioral strategy use among young adults. Addict Behav 2020; 107:106398. [PMID: 32234610 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Underage alcohol use is a public health concern as it remains prevalent and problematic. Protective behavioral strategies (PBS) may prevent or reduce alcohol-related consequences, yet daily-level findings show they instead might be associated with increased drinking and consequences. While parents are a possible source of influence to their child's decision making, it is unclear whether parental communication about alcohol affects drinking outcomes, with mixed findings noted in the literature. Furthermore, little research focuses on understanding how parental communication may impact the use of PBS. This study assessed whether alcohol specific parental communication would be associated with reduced drinking and increased use of PBS. Data from baseline and 3-month follow up were evaluated from a control group of a larger randomized controlled trial on 18- to 20-year-olds in the U.S. (N = 269). Outcomes included drinks per week, peak drinks per occasion, negative consequences and use of PBS. Using negative binomial regression modeling, controlling for age, sex, and whether participants lived with parents, findings revealed that parental communication was not associated with drinks per week, peak drinks per occasion, or negative consequences reported 3 months later. However, it was positively associated with limiting/stopping drinking PBS, manner of drinking PBS, and serious harm reduction PBS reported 3 months later. Results suggest that parental communication about alcohol may be more effective in increasing the use of protective behavioral strategies rather than reduction of drinking. Research is needed to determine why parental communication may influence the use of PBS and how we can strengthen the quality or focus of communication to ultimately increase the impact on risk behaviors.
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4
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Waddell JT, Blake AJ, Sternberg A, Ruof A, Chassin L. Effects of Observable Parent Alcohol Consequences and Parent Alcohol Disorder on Adolescent Alcohol Expectancies. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:973-982. [PMID: 32105357 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 01/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental drinking and parent alcohol use disorder (AUD) are known predictors of adolescent positive alcohol expectancies, but their link to negative expectancies is unclear. Research suggests that parent drinking may indirectly predict adolescent expectancies through exposure to parental drinking events. However, exposure to parent negative alcohol consequences may be more relevant to adolescents' expectancies. The present study tested the mediating effect of parent observable negative alcohol consequences in the association between parent AUD and adolescent expectancies. METHODS This study used parent and adolescent data from the Adult and Family Development Project. A total of 581 adolescents reported on their alcohol expectancies across 2 waves of data, and their parents reported on potentially observable alcohol-related negative consequences during the first wave. Past-year and lifetime parent AUD were assessed with diagnostic interviews across 6 waves of data. RESULTS Mothers' observable consequences mediated the effect of her past-year AUD on adolescent negative expectancies in adolescence, but this effect did not hold at a 1.5-year follow-up. Mothers' lifetime AUD was the only prospective predictor of later adolescent negative expectancies. No father drinking variables predicted expectancies, and all models were invariant across child biological sex. Finally, older adolescent age prospectively predicted higher positive expectancies, whereas the adolescents' own drinking predicted lower negative expectancies. CONCLUSIONS These findings, in line with other recent studies, suggest that exposure to mothers' negative experiences with alcohol may counterintuitively normalize negative alcohol effects. This may paradoxically increase risk for adolescents rather than buffering the effects of a family history of parental AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jack T Waddell
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Austin J Blake
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Ariel Sternberg
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Ariana Ruof
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
| | - Laurie Chassin
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona
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5
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Alexopoulos C, Cho J. A Moderated Mediation Model of Parent-Child Communication, Risk Taking, Alcohol Consumption, and Sexual Experience in Early Adulthood. ARCHIVES OF SEXUAL BEHAVIOR 2019; 48:589-597. [PMID: 29752574 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1181-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between risk-taking personality and health-risk behaviors has been widely established, where people who like to take risks are more likely to engage in risky sexual behaviors such as having multiple casual partners and having unprotected sex. Drawing on a national U.S. sample from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health, the present study examined the relationship between risk-taking personality and sexual experience among adults in early adulthood, and the role of family (parent-child) communication in moderating this relationship. Findings indicated that, for both males and females, the effect of risk taking on sexual experience through alcohol use dissipated at high levels of father-child communication. However, mother-child communication did not have such moderating effects. Implications for the way in which we study parent-child communication are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Alexopoulos
- Communication Department, University of Massachusetts Boston, 100 Morrissey Blvd., Boston, MA, 02125, USA.
| | - Jaeho Cho
- Communication Department, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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6
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Harm-reduction and zero-tolerance maternal messages about college alcohol use. Addict Behav 2019; 89:136-142. [PMID: 30296649 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.09.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 09/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Past cross-sectional research suggests that zero-tolerance messaging by parents of college students may be more effective than harm-reduction communication at reducing student alcohol risk. The current study employs longitudinal data to examine whether communication type interacts with student alcohol use to predict subsequent drinking outcomes. U.S. college students reported on their own exposure to zero-tolerance and harm-reduction maternal communication. Approximately seven months later, students completed measures of maternal alcohol approval and their own alcohol behaviors. The relationship between communication and subsequent alcohol behaviors depended on students' baseline drinking. For heavy drinkers, harm-reduction communication was associated with less alcohol use and consequences. For those who drank less than two drinks a week, zero-tolerance communication was associated with fewer negative consequences. Zero-tolerance communication was associated with perceiving mothers as less approving, while harm reduction communication was associated with perceiving mothers as more approving. There were indirect effects of communication on drinking through perceived maternal approval. While overall harm-reduction communication may lead students to perceive mothers as more approving of alcohol use, there may be contexts in which this type of communication is beneficial.
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Byrnes HF, Miller BA, Grube JW, Bourdeau B, Buller DB, Wang-Schweig M, Woodall WG. Prevention of alcohol use in older teens: A randomized trial of an online family prevention program. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2019; 33:1-14. [PMID: 30640504 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examines effects of a randomized controlled trial for an online, family-based prevention program for older teens, Smart Choices 4 Teens, on alcohol use and related outcomes. Families (N = 411; teen age M = 16.4, SD = 0.5) were randomly assigned to the intervention or control condition in 2014-2015. Both intent to treat (ITT) and dosage models were conducted. ITT models: At the 6-month follow-up, teens in the experimental condition reported fewer friends who had been drunk, and parents in the experimental group reported more communication about social host laws. At the 12-month follow-up, parents in the experimental condition reported consuming fewer drinks than parents in the control group. Dosage models: At the 6-month follow-up, dosage was inversely related to teen drinking in the past 6 months or 30 days, frequency of teen drinking during the past 6 months and 30 days, drinks consumed by teens over the past 6 months, teen drunkenness and binge-drinking during the past 30 days, teen reported communication about safe drinking and positively related to parent and teen reported communication about social host laws. At 12 months, dosage was inversely related to teen alcohol use, frequency of teen drinking over the past 30 days, drinks consumed by teens over the past 6 months and 30 days, and teen drunkenness over the past 6 months. Results suggest that Smart Choices 4 Teens is beneficial for families. Dissemination and implementation strategies that motivate completion of program content will improve outcomes related to older teens' alcohol use. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hilary F Byrnes
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
| | - Brenda A Miller
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
| | - Joel W Grube
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
| | - Beth Bourdeau
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
| | | | - Meme Wang-Schweig
- Prevention Research Center, Pacific Institute for Research and Evaluation
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8
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Wagenaar C, Florence M, Adams S, Savahl S. Factors influencing the relationship between alcohol consumption and risky sexual behaviour among young people: A systematic review. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1483049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Cassandra Wagenaar
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Maria Florence
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Sabirah Adams
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
| | - Shazly Savahl
- Department of Psychology, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa
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9
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Testing weight motives and guilt/shame as mediators of the relationship between alcohol use and physical activity. Addict Behav 2018; 77:131-136. [PMID: 28992578 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Test whether weight motives and guilt/shame mediate the positive relationship between physical activity and alcohol use among college-attending young adults. DESIGN A longitudinal design was employed. METHOD Young adults who were attending college (N=371) completed two self-administered questionnaires separated by approximately one month. Heavy episodic drinking was assessed at Time 1. Vigorous physical activity, moderate physical activity, weight motives, and guilt/shame were assessed at Time 2. RESULTS Results are consistent with weight motives as a mediator of the positive relationship between heavy episodic drinking and vigorous physical activity. Results were inconsistent with guilt/shame as a mediator of this relationship. There was no statistically significant relationship between heavy episodic drinking and moderate physical activity. CONCLUSIONS Heavy episodic drinking was related to vigorous but not to moderate physical activity in the subsequent 30-days. Furthermore, the results are consistent with weight motives as a mediator of the relationship between alcohol use and vigorous physical activity.
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10
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Change in college students' perceived parental permissibility of alcohol use and its relation to college drinking. Addict Behav 2018; 76:275-280. [PMID: 28886576 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/11/2017] [Accepted: 08/28/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
College students who perceive their parents to hold permissive views about their alcohol use engage in heavier drinking. However, few studies have assessed perceived parental permissibility of alcohol use (PPP) longitudinally across the later college years, and few have assessed variation in changes in PPP and whether or not these changes differentially predict drinking. This study assessed whether PPP changed across college and used two approaches to determine whether PPP predicted binge drinking frequency and peak drinking. Data on college students' daily lives and risk behaviors were collected from 687 students (51% female) in a large university in the Northeast United States over four years. Perceived parental permissibility of alcohol use increased from the last year of high school through the third year of college with males reporting significantly higher PPP by the third year of college. From 12th grade through the third year of college, between-person differences in mean PPP were positively associated with binge drinking frequency and peak drinking, and patterns of PPP change differentially predicted both drinking outcomes through fourth year. These findings suggest that PPP is a dynamic construct that may evidence important developmental changes across college and the transition to adulthood. More broadly, the results indicate that aspects of the parent-child relationship continue to change after high school and may be important as they are linked with college student risk behaviors.
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11
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Alcohol Outcome Expectancies Mediate the Relationship Between Social Anxiety and Alcohol Drinking in University Students: The Role of Gender. COGNITIVE THERAPY AND RESEARCH 2017. [DOI: 10.1007/s10608-017-9879-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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12
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Adolescents from upper middle class communities: Substance misuse and addiction across early adulthood. Dev Psychopathol 2017; 30:315-335. [PMID: 28558858 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579417000645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
In this prospective study of upper middle class youth, we document frequency of alcohol and drug use, as well as diagnoses of abuse and dependence, during early adulthood. Two cohorts were assessed as high school seniors and then annually across 4 college years (New England Study of Suburban Youth younger cohort [NESSY-Y]), and across ages 23-27 (NESSY older cohort [NESSY-O]; ns = 152 and 183 at final assessments, respectively). Across gender and annual assessments, results showed substantial elevations, relative to norms, for frequency of drunkenness and using marijuana, stimulants, and cocaine. Of more concern were psychiatric diagnoses of alcohol/drug dependence: among women and men, respectively, lifetime rates ranged between 19%-24% and 23%-40% among NESSY-Os at age 26; and 11%-16% and 19%-27% among NESSY-Ys at 22. Relative to norms, these rates among NESSY-O women and men were three and two times as high, respectively, and among NESSY-Y, close to one among women but twice as high among men. Findings also showed the protective power of parents' containment (anticipated stringency of repercussions for substance use) at age 18; this was inversely associated with frequency of drunkenness and marijuana and stimulant use in adulthood. Results emphasize the need to take seriously the elevated rates of substance documented among adolescents in affluent American school communities.
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Choi HJ, Miller-Day M, Shin Y, Hecht ML, Pettigrew J, Krieger JL, Lee J, Graham JW. Parent Prevention Communication Profiles and Adolescent Substance Use: A Latent Profile Analysis and Growth Curve Model. JOURNAL OF FAMILY COMMUNICATION 2017; 17:15-32. [PMID: 29056872 PMCID: PMC5650115 DOI: 10.1080/15267431.2016.1251920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
This current study identifies distinct parent prevention communication profiles and examines whether youth with different parental communication profiles have varying substance use trajectories over time. Eleven schools in two rural school districts in the Midwestern United States were selected, and 784 students were surveyed at three time points from the beginning of 7th grade to the end of 8th grade. A series of latent profile analyses were performed to identify discrete profiles/subgroups of substance-specific prevention communication (SSPC). The results revealed a 4-profile model of SSPC: Active-Open, Passive-Open, Active-Silent, and Passive-Silent. A growth curve model revealed different rates of lifetime substance use depending on the youth's SSPC profile. These findings have implications for parenting interventions and tailoring messages for parents to fit specific SSPC profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jeong Choi
- Department of Health Sciences, University of Missouri–Columbia
| | | | - YoungJu Shin
- Hugh Downs School of Human Communication, Arizona State University
| | | | | | | | - JeongKyu Lee
- Wee Kim Wee School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University
| | - John W. Graham
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University
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14
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The eCHECKUP TO GO for High School: Impact on risk factors and protective behavioral strategies for alcohol use. Addict Behav 2017; 64:93-100. [PMID: 27597129 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2016] [Revised: 08/12/2016] [Accepted: 08/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The eCHECKUP TO GO is identified as a highly effective, low-cost individually-focused alcohol intervention by the NIAAA CollegeAIM guide. The research on the eCHECKUP TO GO for High School is less consistent, suggesting that the program content, originally designed for college students, may need modification for this age group. This randomized controlled study examined the effectiveness of the eCHECKUP TO GO for High School on shifting risk and protective factors for alcohol use targeted by the program at a 4-6week follow-up. Female high school students in the intervention group reported a reduction in perceptions of peer drinking, beliefs about alcohol, and positive alcohol expectancies, compared to students in the control group. There were no group differences in risk factors for males or in protective behavioral strategies for either males or females. Results indicate the eCHECKUP TO GO for High School may be more effective for females and that program content targeting protective behavioral strategies may need modification for this age group.
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15
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Napper LE, LaBrie JW, Earle AM. Online personalized normative alcohol feedback for parents of first-year college students. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2016; 30:802-810. [PMID: 27819429 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the efficacy of a personalized normative feedback (PNF) alcohol intervention for parents of students transitioning into college. A sample of 399 parent-student dyads were recruited to take part in the intervention during the summer prior to matriculation. Parents were randomly assigned to receive either normative feedback regarding student drinking and other college parents' alcohol-related communication or general college health norm information. Students completed measures of alcohol use, alcohol consequences, and parent-child alcohol-specific communication both 1 and 6 months after matriculation. The results indicated that in comparison with the control condition parents who received PNF reported immediate changes in their perceptions of other parents' behaviors; however, these changes in parent perceived norms did not translate into long-term changes in student drinking behaviors or parent-child communication. Findings highlight the need to consider content beyond normative feedback for parent based alcohol intervention. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy E Napper
- Department of Psychology, and Health, Medicine, and Society Program, Lehigh University
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16
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Glowacki EM. Communication About Problematic Drinking Between Young Adults and their Parents: An Application of Inconsistent Nurturing as Control Theory. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2016; 31:1135-1144. [PMID: 26860037 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2015.1045578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 80% of college students drink, half of whom consume alcohol in the form of binge drinking. The current study applies Inconsistent Nurturing as Control Theory to examine the communication about excessive drinking that takes place between parents and their young adult children. Forty college students were asked to report on a moment or incident that led their parents to label their drinking as concerning and were then asked to report on how their parents acted towards the drinking before and after the moment of labeling. Interviews were transcribed and coded. The findings suggest that parents act with inconsistency when attempting to manage their children's drinking by enacting both reinforcing and punishing behaviors. Parents' reinforcing behaviors included drinking with their children and buying them alcohol, even after labeling the drinking as problematic. Parents' punishment behaviors included expressing concern about their children's sense of responsibility and making their children feel regretful about their drinking. Nearly 88% of the participants were able to recall the moment at which their parents labeled their drinking as problematic. Implications for using inconsistent messages in conversations about alcohol are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth M Glowacki
- a Department of Communication Studies; Center for Health Communication , University of Texas at Austin
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17
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Mallett KA, Turrisi R, Cleveland MJ, Scaglione NM, Reavy R, Sell NM, Varvil-Weld L. A Dual-Process Examination of Alcohol-Related Consequences Among First-Year College Students. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2016; 76:862-71. [PMID: 26562594 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2015.76.862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite showing reductions in college student drinking, interventions have shown some inconsistency in their ability to successfully decrease consequences. With the goal of improving prevention efforts, the purpose of this study was to examine the role of consequence-specific constructs, in addition to drinking, that influence students' experiences with alcohol-related problems. The study examined how drinking and protective behaviors mediated the relationships between students' willingness to experience consequences, intentions to avoid them, and four categories of alcohol-related problems (physiological, social, sexual, and academic). METHOD First-year college student drinkers (n = 2,024) at a large northeastern university completed surveys during the fall and spring of their freshman year. RESULTS As expected, different patterns of associations emerged for physiological and nonphysiological consequences. When physiological consequences (e.g., hangover, vomiting) were examined, drinking significantly mediated the effect of willingness on the consequences. Drinking-specific protective behaviors indirectly influenced consequences through drinking behaviors whereas general protective behaviors did not. When nonphysiological (e.g., social, sexual, academic) consequences were examined, drinking and general protective behaviors emerged as significant mediators of the effects of willingness and intentions on the consequences, whereas drinking-specific protective behaviors did not. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that prevention efforts (e.g., personalized feedback) could be tailored to address specific types of protective behaviors as well as specific types of consequences frequently experienced by college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Mallett
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Cleveland
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Nichole M Scaglione
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Racheal Reavy
- Edna Bennett Pierce Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Nichole M Sell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Lindsey Varvil-Weld
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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18
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Lau-Barraco C, Braitman AL, Linden-Carmichael AN, Stamates AL. Differences in weekday versus weekend drinking among nonstudent emerging adults. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2016; 24:100-9. [PMID: 26901592 PMCID: PMC4828908 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
In the current investigation, we sought to examine "day-of-the-week" drinking of an at-risk sample of nonstudent emerging adults and whether specific factors are associated with differential drinking patterns. Our study aims were to (a) identify differences in weekday versus weekend drinking, and (b) examine specific expectancies (i.e., sociability, tension reduction) and demographic factors (e.g., age, sex) relating to weekend versus weekday drinking after controlling for harmful drinking and holiday drinking. Participants were heavy-drinking noncollege attenders recruited from the community (N = 238; 63.4% men, 35.7% women; M age = 21.92 years). They reported daily drinking for the previous 30 days and completed measures of harmful drinking, alcohol expectancies, and demographic information. Results showed that more drinks were consumed on the weekends (i.e., Thursday to Saturday) than weekdays, with 63% of drinks consumed on weekends. Multilevel modeling analyses indicated that weekday drinking was associated with tension-reduction expectancies, social expectancies, sex, and age. Weekend-drinking increases were related to social expectancies, but not tension-reduction expectancies. Our final model indicated that, after controlling for the effect of holiday drinking, the within-person weekday-weekend distinction explained 18% of the total variance. In general, our findings highlight the importance of alcohol expectancies and drinking contexts in understanding the drinking behaviors of nonstudents. The differential role of tension-reduction and social-facilitation expectancies on drinking throughout the week imply that different cognitive pathways are involved in weekday versus weekend drinking, and both types of expected alcohol effects should be targets of risk-reduction efforts with nonstudent drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cathy Lau-Barraco
- Old Dominion University,Virginia Consortium Program in Clinical Psychology
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Kuntsche S, Kuntsche E. Parent-based interventions for preventing or reducing adolescent substance use — A systematic literature review. Clin Psychol Rev 2016; 45:89-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2016.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2015] [Revised: 02/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Hausheer R, Doumas DM, Esp S, Cuffee C. Parental Predictors of Adolescent Alcohol Use and Alcohol-Related Consequences. JOURNAL OF ADDICTIONS & OFFENDER COUNSELING 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jaoc.12013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Robin Hausheer
- Department of Counselor Education, Institute for the Study of Addiction; Boise State University
- Now at Department of Counselor Education and School Psychology; Plymouth State University
| | - Diana M. Doumas
- Department of Counselor Education, Institute for the Study of Addiction; Boise State University
| | - Susan Esp
- Department of Community and Environmental Health, Institute for the Study of Addiction; Boise State University
| | - Courtney Cuffee
- Department of Counselor Education, Institute for the Study of Addiction; Boise State University
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Messler EC, Emery NN. Parent–student communication regarding alcohol use: an examination of tacit approval. JOURNAL OF SUBSTANCE USE 2015. [DOI: 10.3109/14659891.2015.1042082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Varvil-Weld L, Crowley DM, Turrisi R, Greenberg MT, Mallett KA. Hurting, helping, or neutral? The effects of parental permissiveness toward adolescent drinking on college student alcohol use and problems. PREVENTION SCIENCE : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE SOCIETY FOR PREVENTION RESEARCH 2015; 15:716-24. [PMID: 23934443 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-013-0430-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
To enhance prevention efforts to reduce college drinking, parents have been identified as an important source of influence that can be modified with brief interventions. Research suggests parental permissiveness toward drinking in adolescence is positively related to college student drinking, though existing studies have not comprehensively accounted for potential confounders (e.g., parental drinking). The present study used propensity modeling to estimate the effects of pre-college parental permissiveness on college student drinking and consequences while accounting for an inclusive range of confounders. A random sample of 1,518 incoming students at a large university completed baseline measures of parental permissiveness and a list of confounders (e.g., parental drinking, family history). At follow-up 15 months later, participants reported on their drinking and alcohol-related consequences. To control for potential confounders, individuals were weighted based on their propensity scores to obtain less biased estimates of the effects of parental permissiveness on drinking and consequences. Analyses revealed parental permissiveness was consistently and positively associated with college drinking and consequences when the confounders were not accounted for, but these effects were attenuated after weighting. Parents' allowance of drinking was not related to college drinking or consequences after weighting. Students' perceived parental limits for consumption were related to drinking and consequences in the weighted models. Prevention efforts may benefit from targeting parents' communication of acceptable limits for alcohol consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Varvil-Weld
- Department of Biobehavioral Health and Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, USA,
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Menegatos L, Lederman LC, Floyd K. When parents talk about college drinking: an examination of content, frequency, and associations with students' dangerous drinking. HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2015; 31:287-298. [PMID: 26305320 DOI: 10.1080/10410236.2014.948709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This project examines alcohol messages exchanged between college students and their parents, as well as how such messages associate with college students' dangerous drinking. Undergraduate students ages 18 to 25 years were recruited for the study and asked to recruit a parent. The sample included 198 students and 188 parents, all of whom completed an online survey. This study found parents tended to emphasize the negative aspects of drinking, particularly the dangers of drinking and driving and the academic consequences of too much partying. Results indicated that parent-student alcohol communication has various dimensions, including negative aspects of drinking, rules about drinking, drinking in moderation, and benefits of drinking. Parents' reports of discussing alcohol rules had a significant, negative association with students' alcohol consumption, whereas parents' reports of discussing the negative aspects of alcohol use had significant, positive associations with students' dangerous drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Menegatos
- a Department of Communication , Indiana University-Purdue University Fort Wayne
| | - Linda C Lederman
- b Hugh Downs School of Human Communication , Arizona State University
| | - Kory Floyd
- b Hugh Downs School of Human Communication , Arizona State University
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Doumas DM, Hausheer R, Esp S. Heavy Episodic Drinking and Alcohol-Related Consequences: Sex-Specific Differences in Parental Influences Among Ninth-Grade Students. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2013.872067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Parents' and students' perceptions of college alcohol risk: the role of parental risk perception in intentions to communicate about alcohol. Addict Behav 2015; 42:114-8. [PMID: 25437267 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 09/17/2014] [Accepted: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The current study aims to examine discrepancies in parents' and college students' perceptions of alcohol risk and the role of perceived risk in predicting parents' intentions to discuss alcohol with their child. METHODS In total, 246 college student-parent dyads (56.1% female students, 77.2% mothers) were recruited from a mid-size university. Participants completed measures of absolute likelihood, comparative likelihood, and severity of alcohol consequences. RESULTS In comparison to students, parents perceived the risks of alcohol poisoning (p<.001), academic impairment (p<.05), and problems with others (p<.05) to be more likely. In addition, parents rated the majority of alcohol consequences (e.g., passing out, regrettable sexual situation, throwing up) as more severe than students (all ps<.001). However, parents tended to be more optimistic than their child about the comparative likelihood of alcohol consequences. After controlling for demographics and past alcohol communication, greater absolute likelihood (β=.20, p=.016) and less confidence in knowledge of student behavior (β=.20, p=.013) predicted greater intentions to discuss alcohol. CONCLUSIONS Providing parents of college students with information about college drinking norms and the likelihood of alcohol consequences may help prompt alcohol-related communication.
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Kaynak Ö, Winters KC, Cacciola J, Kirby KC, Arria AM. Providing alcohol for underage youth: what messages should we be sending parents? J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 75:590-605. [PMID: 24988258 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2014.75.590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There have been conflicting findings in the literature concerning the risks to adolescents when parents provide them with alcohol. Studies have examined various ways in which parents directly affect adolescent alcohol consumption through provision (e.g., parental offers, parental allowance/supervision, parental presence while drinking, and parental supply). This review synthesizes findings on the direct ways parental provision can influence a child's alcohol consumption and related problems in an effort to provide parents with science-based guidance. We describe potential mechanisms of the relationship between these parental influences and adolescent problems, suggest future directions for research, and discuss implications for parents. METHOD Twenty-two studies (a mix of cross-sectional and longitudinal) that empirically examined the association between parental provision and adolescent drinking outcomes were reviewed. RESULTS Parental provision was generally associated with increased adolescent alcohol use and, in some instances, increased heavy episodic drinking as well as higher rates of alcohol-related problems. Data in support of the view that parental provision serves as a protective factor in the face of other risk factors were equivocal. CONCLUSIONS The nature and extent of the risks associated with parental provision, and the potential mechanisms underlying this association, are complex issues. Although more rigorous studies with longitudinal designs are needed, parents should be aware of potential risks associated with providing adolescents with alcohol and a place to drink. It is recommended that parents discourage drinking until adolescents reach legal age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Övgü Kaynak
- Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Ken C Winters
- Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - John Cacciola
- Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kimberly C Kirby
- Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Amelia M Arria
- Treatment Research Institute, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, Center on Young Adult Health and Development, Department of Behavioral and Community Health, University of Maryland School of Public Health, College Park, Maryland
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Hartman JD, Patock-Peckham JA, Corbin WR, Gates JR, Leeman RF, Luk JW, King KM. Direct and indirect links between parenting styles, self-concealment (secrets), impaired control over drinking and alcohol-related outcomes. Addict Behav 2015; 40:102-8. [PMID: 25241309 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2014] [Revised: 08/13/2014] [Accepted: 08/23/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Self-concealment reflects uncomfortable feelings, thoughts, and information people have about themselves that they avoid telling others (Larson & Chastain, 1990). According to Larson and Chastain (1990) these secrets range from the slightly embarrassing to the very distressing with an individual's most traumatic experiences often concealed. Parental attitudes including those involving self-disclosure are thought to be expressed in their choice of parenting style (Brand, Hatzinger, Beck, & Holsboer-Trachsler, 2009). The specific aim of this investigation was to examine the direct and indirect influences of parenting styles on self-concealment, impaired control over drinking (i.e. the inability to stop drinking when intended), alcohol use (quantity/frequency), and alcohol-related problems. METHODS A structural equation model with 419 (223 men, 196 women) university students was examined. Two and three path mediated effects were examined with the bias corrected bootstrap technique in Mplus. RESULTS Having an authoritarian mother was directly linked to more self-concealment, while having an authoritative father was directly linked to less self-concealment. Higher levels of mother authoritarianism were indirectly linked to both increased alcohol use and alcohol-related problems through more self-concealment and more impaired control over drinking. Moreover, higher levels of father authoritativeness were indirectly linked to less alcohol use and alcohol-related problems through less self-concealment and less impaired control over drinking. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that parenting styles influence vulnerabilities such as self-concealment in the impaired control over the drinking pathway to alcohol use and alcohol-related problems.
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Smorti M, Guarnieri S. The Parental Bond and Alcohol Use Among Adolescents: The Mediating Role of Drinking Motives. Subst Use Misuse 2015; 50:1560-70. [PMID: 26583770 DOI: 10.3109/10826084.2015.1023454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol use and alcohol-related problems represent a significant health concern. Few empirical researches focused on understanding the interrelationships and links between the parental bond, drinking motives, and alcohol use during adolescence. OBJECTIVES The present study examined the relationships between a supportive parental bond, drinking motives, and alcohol use, with a focus on the role of mediation. METHODS The sample comprised 298 adolescents, aged from 16 to 20 years. The technique of structural equation modelling (SEM) was used to assess the direct and indirect effects of the parental bond on alcohol use among adolescents through motives for drinking. RESULTS The relationship between the parental bond and frequency of alcohol use by adolescents was not mediated by any motives for drinking, neither for males nor females. Regarding the relationships between the parental bond and quantity of adolescent alcohol consumption, findings for females showed significant indirect effects of maternal bond on alcohol quantity, when coping, enhancement, and social drinking motives were entered as mediator variables. Rather, paternal bond did not predict drinking quantity, not even indirectly. On the contrary, results for males indicated that the parental bond was neither directly nor indirectly associated with adolescent alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS/IMPORTANCE Mothers are the relational fulcrum of the family, while fathers seem to maintain a more peripheral position. Gender differences are discussed on the basis of the different cultural and parental socialisation processes that operate for male and female adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martina Smorti
- a Faculty of Education , Free University of Bozen , Bolzano , Italy
| | - Silvia Guarnieri
- a Faculty of Education , Free University of Bozen , Bolzano , Italy
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Kim K, Lee M, Macias W. An alcohol message beneath the surface of ER: how implicit memory influences viewers' health attitudes and intentions using entertainment-education. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2014; 19:876-892. [PMID: 24479746 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2013.837556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
While previous research on entertainment-education has assessed its effectiveness, primarily at the conscious level (e.g., free recall and self-reported change in knowledge), few studies have explored its effect on viewers' implicit knowledge. To fill this gap, this study examined the mechanism through which viewers form implicit memory of short health messages inserted in a primetime TV show and its preconscious effects on viewers' health attitudes and intentions. An experiment was conducted using a 3-group (health message: present vs. absent vs. control), posttest-only design with additional planned analyses of differences by subject variables (past experience and involvement). Overall, findings supported the hypothesized effects of implicit memory of a brief antialcohol message embedded in an ER episode on college students' attitudes and intentions against binge drinking. Results showed that participants who were exposed to the health message reported less positive attitudes toward binge drinking and lower intentions to binge drink, compared with those who were not exposed; the causal relations among viewers' implicit memory, attitudes, and intentions were also validated. Results also showed that individuals' past experience and involvement moderated the effects of the health message on attitudes and intentions. Theoretical explanations and practical implications are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyongseok Kim
- a Department of Mass Communication and Communication Studies , Towson University , Towson , Maryland , USA
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Hultgren BA, Cleveland MJ, Turrisi R, Mallett KA. How estimation of drinking influences alcohol-related consequences across the first year of college. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2014; 38:1160-6. [PMID: 24460860 DOI: 10.1111/acer.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2013] [Accepted: 11/12/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study examined how well students estimate their overall drinker type and the relation between the accuracy of this estimation with alcohol-related consequences. The study also explored the association between psychosocial alcohol variables and underestimation or overestimation of drinker type. METHODS College students (n = 1,895) completed questionnaires at baseline (precollege matriculation) assessing self-reported drinker types (SI), protective and risky drinking behaviors, drinking expectancies, attitudes, and norms. Postbaseline assessment occurred during the fall semester sophomore year and included the number and type of alcohol consequences experienced during the previous year. Students' SIs were coded as accurate, overestimated, or underestimated relative to their empirically derived latent class analytic drinker class. The association between drinker type accuracy and consequences and membership in the high-risk Multiple and Repeated Consequence group was assessed, as was the relationship between the psychosocial alcohol variables and accuracy. RESULTS Eighteen percent of students underestimated and 10% overestimated their drinker type. Students who under- or overestimated their drinker type reported experiencing more consequences, even after controlling for drinking. Increases in positive alcohol expectancies, protective and risky drinking behaviors, and descriptive peer norms were positively associated with underestimation of drinker type. Only protective and risky drinking behaviors were associated with overestimation. CONCLUSIONS This study underscores the importance of accurate estimation of drinker type and the risk of experiencing alcohol consequences. Future research and intervention strategies are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittney A Hultgren
- Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
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Doumas DM, Esp S, Turrisi R, Hausheer R, Cuffee C. A test of the efficacy of a brief, web-based personalized feedback intervention to reduce drinking among 9th grade students. Addict Behav 2014; 39:231-8. [PMID: 24148137 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use increases substantially during the transition from middle school to high school. This study tested a brief, web-based personalized feedback program aimed at reducing risk factors for drinking, alcohol use, and alcohol-related consequences among 9th grade students. At a 3-month follow-up, students in the intervention group showed positive results relative to those in the control group on variables associated with reduced risk, including positive alcohol expectancies and positive beliefs about alcohol. Students in the intervention group also reported a reduction in drinking frequency and alcohol-related consequences relative to those in the control group. There were, however, no differences in normative beliefs regarding peer drinking or quantity of weekly drinking between the two groups. Results indicate that a brief, web-based personalized normative feedback program delivered in the school setting is a promising approach to reducing alcohol use and the associated consequences among 9th grade students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Doumas
- Department of Counselor Education, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA; Institute for the Study of Addiction, Boise State University, 1910 University Drive, Boise, ID 83725, USA.
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Labrie JW, Napper LE, Hummer JF. Normative feedback for parents of college students: piloting a parent based intervention to correct misperceptions of students' alcohol use and other parents' approval of drinking. Addict Behav 2014; 39:107-13. [PMID: 24099892 PMCID: PMC4035119 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.08.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2013] [Revised: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multi-component parent-based interventions (PBIs) provide a promising avenue for targeting alcohol use and related consequences in college students. Parents of college-aged children can have a significant influence on their children's alcohol use decisions. However, parents tend to underestimate their own child's alcohol use and overestimate other similar parents' approval of student drinking. These misperceptions could have important implications for parents' own attitudes and alcohol-related communication with their student. Targeting these misperceptions through normative feedback could help promote greater and more in-depth alcohol-related communication. The present study examines the potential efficacy of web-based alcohol-related normative feedback for parents of college students. METHOD A sample of 144 parents of college students received web-based normative feedback about students' alcohol use and approval, as well as other same-college parents' alcohol approval. Parents completed measures of perceived student alcohol use, student alcohol approval, other-parent alcohol approval, and intentions to discuss alcohol use both pre- and post-normative feedback. RESULTS Post-feedback, parents reported stronger intentions to talk to their student about alcohol, were less confident in their knowledge of their students' alcohol use, and believed that their student drank in greater quantity and more frequently than pre-feedback. Parents also perceived other parents to be less approving of alcohol use after viewing normative feedback. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide preliminary support for the use of web-based normative feedback for parents of college students. Given these promising results, further research developing and testing this approach merits attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph W Labrie
- Department of Psychology, Loyola Marymount University, Los Angeles, CA 90045, United States.
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Varvil-Weld L, Turrisi R, Hospital MM, Mallett KA, Bámaca-Colbert MY. Maternal and peer influences on drinking among Latino college students. Addict Behav 2014; 39:246-52. [PMID: 24157426 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2013] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 10/01/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous research on college drinking has paid little attention to Latino students. Social development models (Catalano, Hawkins, & Miller, 1992) suggest that protective influences in one domain (e.g., mothers) can offset negative influences from other domains (e.g., peers) though this possibility has not been explored with respect to Latino college student drinking. The present study had two aims: 1) to determine whether four specific maternal influences (monitoring, positive communication, permissiveness, and modeling) and peer descriptive norms were associated with college drinking and consequences among Latino students, and 2) to determine whether maternal influences moderated the effect of peer norms on college drinking and consequences. A sample of 362 first-year students (69.9% female) completed an online assessment regarding their mothers' monitoring, positive communication, permissiveness, and modeling, peer descriptive norms, and drinking and related consequences. Main effects and two-way interactions (mother×peer) were assessed using separate hierarchical regression models for three separate outcomes: peak drinking, weekly drinking, and alcohol-related consequences. Maternal permissiveness and peer descriptive norms were positively associated with drinking and consequences. Maternal communication was negatively associated with consequences. Findings indicate that previously identified maternal and peer influences are also relevant for Latino students and highlight future directions that would address the dearth of research in this area.
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Ebersole DS, Miller-Day M, Raup-Krieger J. Do Actions Speak Louder Than Words?: Adolescent Interpretations of Parental Substance Use. JOURNAL OF FAMILY COMMUNICATION 2014; 14:328-351. [PMID: 25285048 PMCID: PMC4180404 DOI: 10.1080/15267431.2014.945699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Parents are powerful socialization agents for children and as children reach adolescence parental role models, among other sources of influence, become particularly salient in adolescents' decision-making regarding initiation of substance use. Open parent-adolescent communication about substances is associated with less substance use by adolescents; however, it is unclear how youth interpret anti-drug use messages from their parents, especially if the parents engage in legal and/or illicit substance use themselves. Framed by social learning theory and social constructionism, this study analyzed in-depth interviews with 108 adolescents about personal experiences with substance use, family communication about substance use, and adolescent interpretations of parental use. Emergent themes in the data include: positive parental influence, parentalcontradictions, and negative outcomes of use. Prevalence of parental use-regardless of legality, rarity of explicit communication about parental use, and various interpretations of parental use are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana S Ebersole
- Communication Studies, Kutztown University of Pennsylvania, Box 730, Kutztown, PA, 19530
| | - Michelle Miller-Day
- Communication Studies, Chapman University, 1 University Drive, Orange, CA, 92866
| | - Janice Raup-Krieger
- School of Communication, The Ohio State University, 3058 Derby Hall, 154 North Oval Mall, Columbus, OH, 43210
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Napper LE, Hummer JF, Lac A, Labrie JW. What are other parents saying? Perceived parental communication norms and the relationship between alcohol-specific parental communication and college student drinking. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2013; 28:31-41. [PMID: 24128293 DOI: 10.1037/a0034496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined parents' normative perceptions of other college parents' alcohol-specific communication, and how parents' perceived communication norms and alcohol-specific communication relate to student drinking outcomes. A sample of 457 student-parent dyads were recruited from a midsize university. Students completed Web-based assessments of alcohol-related attitudes and behaviors. Parents completed alcohol-specific measures of communication norms and parent-child communication, including communication content (i.e., targeted communication) and frequency of communication. Results indicated that parents overestimated how much other parents talked to their college students about the frequency and quantity of alcohol use, but underestimated how often parents initiated conversations about alcohol. In a path model, perceived communication norms positively predicted both targeted communication and frequency of communication. Perceived communication norms and targeted communication negatively predicted students' attitude toward alcohol use. In contrast, more frequent communication predicted students holding more approving attitudes toward alcohol. The relationship between parents' perceived communication norms and students' drinking behaviors was mediated by the parental communication variables and student attitudes. Tests of indirect effects were undertaken to examine meditational processes. The findings underscore relations involving parental perceived communication norms and parents' own alcohol communication and their children's drinking outcomes. The complex relationships of different types of parental communication and student outcomes warrant further research.
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Determinants of binge drinking in a permissive environment: focus group interviews with Dutch adolescents and parents. BMC Public Health 2013; 13:882. [PMID: 24063544 PMCID: PMC3852358 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2458-13-882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Compared to other European countries, the Netherlands score among the highest of binge drinking rates of 16 to 18 year old adolescents. Dutch adolescents aged 16 are legally allowed to buy and consume low strength alcoholic beverages. This study focused on determinants of binge drinking in such a permissive environment from the perspectives of adolescents and parents. Methods Focus group interviews were conducted with adolescents aged 16 to 18 (N = 83), and parents of adolescents from this age group (N = 24). Data was analysed using thematic analyses methods. Results Most reasons adolescents mentioned for drinking were to relax, increase a good mood and to be social. Also peers around them influenced and increased adolescents’ drinking. Comparing adolescents and parental statements about their perspectives how alcohol use is handled and accepted by the parents we found that generally, those perspectives match. Parents as well as adolescents stated that alcohol use is accepted by parents. However, when looking at essential details, like the acceptable amounts that children may consume, the perspectives differ enormously. Adolescents think their parents accept any amount of drinking as long as they do not get drunk, whereas parents reported acceptable limits of 1 or 2 glasses every two weeks. Parents further indicated that they felt unsupported by the Dutch policies and regulations of alcohol use. Most of them were in favour of an increase of the legal purchasing age to 18 years. Conclusions Parents and adolescents should both be targeted in interventions to reduce alcohol use among adolescents. In particular, communication between parents and children should be improved, in order to avoid misconceptions about acceptable alcohol use. Further, adolescents should be supported to handle difficult social situations with peers where they feel obliged to drink. Additionally, revisions of policies towards a less permissive standpoint are advised to support parents and to impede availability of alcoholic beverages for adolescents/children younger than 18 years.
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Chaney BH, Cremeens J. Development of an Instrument to Assess Parent–College Child Communication Regarding Alcohol Use Behaviors. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF HEALTH EDUCATION 2013. [DOI: 10.1080/19325037.2013.811358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Abar CC, Turrisi RJ, Mallett KA. Differential trajectories of alcohol-related behaviors across the first year of college by parenting profiles. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2013; 28:53-61. [PMID: 23915366 DOI: 10.1037/a0032731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
This study examined the extent to which profiles of perceived parenting are associated with trajectories of alcohol-related behaviors across the first year of college. Participants were surveyed five times from the summer before college to the fall of the second year. A total 285 college students were enrolled from the incoming classes of consecutive cohorts of students at a large, public university in the Northeastern United States. At baseline, participants provided information on their parents' alcohol-related behaviors (e.g., parental modeling of use; perceived approval of underage use) and parenting characteristics (e.g., parental monitoring; parent-child relationship quality). Students also reported on their personal alcohol-related behaviors at each time point. Latent profile analysis was used to identify four subgroups based on the set of parenting characteristics: High Quality (14%) - highest parent-teen relationship quality; High Monitoring (31%) - highest parental monitoring and knowledge; Low Involvement (30%) - poor relationship quality, little monitoring and communication; and Pro-Alcohol (21%) - highest parental modeling and approval. Students were then assigned to profiles, and their alcohol-related behaviors were examined longitudinally using latent growth curve modeling. In general, students in the Pro-Alcohol profile displayed the highest baseline levels of typical weekend drinking, heavy episodic drinking, and peak blood alcohol content, in addition to showing steeper increases in typical weekend drinking across the first year of college. Results support the notion that parental behaviors remain relevant across the first year of college. Differential alcohol-related behaviors across parenting profiles highlight the potential for tailored college intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Abar
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University
| | - Robert J Turrisi
- Biobehavioral Health & Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University
| | - Kimberly A Mallett
- Biobehavioral Health & Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University
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Turrisi R, Mallett KA, Cleveland MJ, Varvil-Weld L, Abar C, Scaglione N, Hultgren B. Evaluation of timing and dosage of a parent-based intervention to minimize college students' alcohol consumption. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2013. [PMID: 23200148 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2013.74.30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The study evaluated the timing and dosage of a parent-based intervention to minimize alcohol consumption for students with varying drinking histories. METHOD First-year students (N = 1,900) completed Web assessments during the summer before college (baseline) and two follow-ups (fall of first and second years). Students were randomized to one of four conditions (pre-college matriculation [PCM], pre-college matriculation plus boosters [PCM+B], after college matriculation [ACM], and control conditions). Seven indicators of drinking (drink in past month, been drunk in past month, weekday [Sunday to Wednesday] drinking, Thursday drinking, weekend [Friday, Saturday] drinking, heavy episodic drinking in past 2 weeks, and peak blood alcohol concentration <.08) were used in a latent transition analysis (LTA) to examine a stage-sequential model of drinking. LTA models with dummy-coded intervention variables were used to examine the effects of the intervention conditions on changes in drinking patterns. RESULTS Results indicated that four patterns of drinking were present at all waves: (a) nondrinkers, (b) weekend light drinkers, (c) weekend heavy episodic drinkers, and (d) heavy drinkers. Results indicated that the PCM condition was most effective at influencing baseline heavy drinkers' transition out of this pattern to lower risk patterns at first follow-up, whereas the ACM condition was not effective at preventing drinking escalation for baseline nondrinkers at first follow-up. No decay of effects was observed at long-term follow-up for the PCM condition. Finally, the results also indicated that increased dosage of the parental intervention was not significantly associated with either reduction or escalation of use. CONCLUSIONS The results underscore the value of pre-college parental interventions and targeted efforts to reduce high-risk drinking among college students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob Turrisi
- Prevention Research Center, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.
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Branstetter SA, Furman W. Buffering Effect of Parental Monitoring Knowledge and Parent-Adolescent Relationships on Consequences of Adolescent Substance Use. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2013; 22:192-198. [PMID: 23869161 PMCID: PMC3711550 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-012-9568-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
When adolescents begin using substances, negative consequences are not always directly proportional to the amount used; heavy users may have few consequences whereas light users may have numerous consequences. This study examined how parental monitoring knowledge and parent-child relationship quality may serve as buffers against negative consequences when adolescents use substances. Self-report questionnaires were administered to a community sample of 200 healthy adolescents and their parents at two time points, one year apart. Results suggest that both parental monitoring knowledge and parent-child relationship quality serve as buffers against negative consequences of substance use - but only when adolescents report high levels of monitoring knowledge or strong parent-child relationship quality. Results suggests adolescent perceived parental monitoring knowledge and parent-child relationship quality each act independently to buffer adolescents against negative consequences of substance use over a one-year period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven A Branstetter
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802
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Doumas DM, Turrisi R, Ray AE, Esp SM, Curtis-Schaeffer AK. A randomized trial evaluating a parent based intervention to reduce college drinking. J Subst Abuse Treat 2013; 45:31-7. [PMID: 23369415 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsat.2012.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2012] [Revised: 10/03/2012] [Accepted: 12/18/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effectiveness of a parent based intervention (PBI) in reducing drinking among first year college students (N=443). Students were assigned to one of three conditions: PBI, PBI plus booster brochures (PBI-B), and an assessment only control group (CNT). At a 4-month post-intervention follow-up, results indicated students in the PBI-B group reported significantly less drinking to intoxication and peak drinking relative to the PBI group and CNT group. No significant differences were found between the PBI group and CNT group. Results provide further support for PBIs to reduce college student drinking and suggest that a booster brochure increases the effectiveness of PBIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana M Doumas
- Department of Counselor Education, Institute for the Study of Addiction, Boise State University, Boise, ID 83725-1721, USA.
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Varvil-Weld L, Mallett KA, Turrisi R, Abar CC. Using parental profiles to predict membership in a subset of college students experiencing excessive alcohol consequences: findings from a longitudinal study. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2012; 73:434-43. [PMID: 22456248 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2012.73.434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous research identified a high-risk subset of college students experiencing a disproportionate number of alcohol-related consequences at the end of their first year. With the goal of identifying pre-college predictors of membership in this high-risk subset, the present study used a prospective design to identify latent profiles of student-reported maternal and paternal parenting styles and alcohol-specific behaviors and to determine whether these profiles were associated with membership in the high-risk consequences subset. METHOD A sample of randomly selected 370 incoming first-year students at a large public university reported on their mothers' and fathers' communication quality, monitoring, approval of alcohol use, and modeling of drinking behaviors and on consequences experienced across the first year of college. RESULTS Students in the high-risk subset comprised 15.5% of the sample but accounted for almost half (46.6%) of the total consequences reported by the entire sample. Latent profile analyses identified four parental profiles: positive pro-alcohol, positive anti-alcohol, negative mother, and negative father. Logistic regression analyses revealed that students in the negative-father profile were at greatest odds of being in the high-risk consequences subset at a follow-up assessment 1 year later, even after drinking at baseline was controlled for. Students in the positive pro-alcohol profile also were at increased odds of being in the high-risk subset, although this association was attenuated after baseline drinking was controlled for. CONCLUSIONS These findings have important implications for the improvement of existing parent- and individual-based college student drinking interventions designed to reduce alcohol-related consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Varvil-Weld
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA.
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Herschl LC, McChargue DE, MacKillop J, Stoltenberg SF, Highland KB. Implicit and explicit alcohol-related motivations among college binge drinkers. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2012; 221:685-92. [PMID: 22281603 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-011-2613-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2010] [Accepted: 12/06/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Positive alcohol outcome expectancies and behavioral economic indices of alcohol consumption are related to binge drinking among college students and may reflect explicit and implicit motivations that are differentially associated with this behavior. OBJECTIVES The present study hypothesized that implicit (alcohol purchase task) and explicit (positive expectancy for alcohol's effects) motivations for drinking would not be correlated. It was also hypothesized that greater implicit and explicit motivations would predict alcohol-related risk. METHODS Participants were 297 college student binge drinkers (54% female; 88% European-American; Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test: M = 9.53, SD = 5.04). Three indices from the alcohol purchase task (APT) were modeled as a latent implicit alcohol-related motivations variable. Explicit alcohol-related motivations were measured using a global positive expectancy subscale from the Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire. Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test total, Rutgers Alcohol Problem Index total, and age of drinking onset were modeled as a latent alcohol-related risk variable. Structural equation modeling was used to examine associations amongst implicit motivations, explicit motivations, and alcohol-related risk. RESULTS Implicit and explicit motivations were not correlated. Partially consistent with the second hypothesis, greater implicit motivations were associated with greater alcohol-related risk. Relations between explicit motivations and alcohol-related risk were marginally significant. CONCLUSIONS Implicit and explicit drinking motivations are differentially associated with problem drinking behaviors. Future research should examine the underlying neurobiological mechanisms associated with these factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura C Herschl
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68588-0308, USA
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Orchowski LM, Barnett NP. Alcohol-related sexual consequences during the transition from high school to college. Addict Behav 2012; 37:256-63. [PMID: 22115596 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2011] [Revised: 08/05/2011] [Accepted: 10/14/2011] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Alcohol use and risky sexual behavior are significant problems on college campuses. Using a prospective design, the present study sought to explore the relationship between alcohol use and experience of alcohol-related sexual consequences (ARSC) during the transition from high school to the first year of college. During the senior year of high school, and following the first year of college, participants completed assessments of alcohol use, problem drinking behavior, ARSC, and potential influences on drinking behaviors, including parental knowledge of alcohol use, peer influences, motivation for alcohol use, and mood state. Data indicated that 29% of men and 35% of women indicated some form of ARSC during the last year of high school, rates that increased by 6-7% for the first year of college (36% of men and 41% of women). The onset or recurrence of ARSC in college was not explained by differential increases in alcohol use between high school and college. Low levels of positive affect, low motivation to consume alcohol to cope, and high levels of peer alcohol use were associated with repeated ARSC in high school and college; whereas drinking to enhance positive affect and low parental knowledge of alcohol use were associated with the onset of such consequences in college. Implications for intervention are discussed.
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Labrie JW, Sessoms AE. Parents Still Matter: The Role of Parental Attachment in Risky Drinking among College Students. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT SUBSTANCE ABUSE 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/1067828x.2012.636704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Doumas DM. Daytime Predictors of Evening Alcohol Use: Treatment Implications for Moderate to Heavy Drinkers. ALCOHOLISM TREATMENT QUARTERLY 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/07347324.2012.635527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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Mastroleo NR, Marzell M, Turrisi R, Borsari B. Do coaches make a difference off the field? The examination of athletic coach influence on early college student drinking. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2012; 20:64-71. [PMID: 24639626 PMCID: PMC3955173 DOI: 10.3109/16066359.2011.562621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Coaches can exert a considerable influence on the lives of their athletes. However, little is known about the influence of athletic coaches on athlete drinking behaviors. This study extends research on drinking influences in student-athletes. The relationship between athletic coaches and athlete drinking behaviors were examined. First-year college students (N=362) who had played high school sports were assessed on their relationships with their coaches as well as their alcohol use and problems. Findings revealed significant associations among the approval of and relationship with their athletic coaches and student drinking behaviors. These findings are discussed in the context of involving coaches in comprehensive strategies to reduce athlete drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadine R Mastroleo
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, 121S-G-4, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - Miesha Marzell
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 204 Calder Way, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Rob Turrisi
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, 204 Calder Way, State College, PA 16801, USA
| | - Brian Borsari
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, 121S-G-4, Providence, RI 02912, USA ; Mental Health and Behavioral Sciences Service, Department of Veterans Affairs Medical Center, 830 Chalkstone Avenue, Providence, RI 02908, USA
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Mallett KA, Turrisi R, Ray AE, Stapleton J, Abar C, Mastroleo NR, Tollison S, Grossbard J, Larimer ME. Do Parents Know Best? Examining the Relationship Between Parenting Profiles, Prevention Efforts, and Peak Drinking in College Students. JOURNAL OF APPLIED SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY 2011; 41:2904-2927. [PMID: 24109150 DOI: 10.1111/j.1559-1816.2011.00860.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The study examined parent profiles among high school athletes transitioning to college and their association with high-risk drinking in a multi-site, randomized trial. Students (n = 587) were randomized to a control or combined parent-based and brief motivational intervention condition and completed measures at baseline and at 5- and 10-month follow-ups. Four parent profiles (authoritative, authoritarian, permissive, indifferent) were observed among participants. Findings indicated control participants with authoritarian parenting were at the greatest risk for heavy drinking. Alternately, students exposed to permissive or authoritarian parenting reported lower peak drinking when administered the combined intervention, compared to controls. Findings suggest the combined intervention was efficacious in reducing peak alcohol consumption among high-risk students based on athlete status and parenting profiles.
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Abar CC, Fernandez AC, Wood MD. Parent-teen communication and pre-college alcohol involvement: a latent class analysis. Addict Behav 2011; 36:1357-60. [PMID: 21864983 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.07.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2011] [Revised: 06/08/2011] [Accepted: 07/29/2011] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Although parent-adolescent communication has been identified as important in delaying the onset and escalation of alcohol use, both the strength and direction of observed associations have varied in prior research with adolescents and college students. The current study categorizes parents according to alcohol-related communication and relates these categories to other parenting factors and late adolescent alcohol involvement. METHOD As part of a larger study, 1007 college-bound teens and their parents were assessed. Teens were asked to report on their drinking behavior, and parents were asked about the occurrence of several specific alcohol-related communications with their teen, as well as additional parenting characteristics. Profiles of parent alcohol-related communication were derived using latent class analysis. Once the best fitting solution was determined, covariates were entered predicting class membership and investigating how classes were associated with additional parenting characteristics and teen alcohol use. RESULTS A five-class solution provided the best fit to the data: Frequent, All Topics (28%); Moderate, All Topics (25%); Frequent, General Topics (25%); Frequent, Consequences and Limits (12%); and Infrequent, All Topics (10%). Covariate analyses demonstrated class differences with regard to parental modeling, monitoring, knowledge, and parent-teen relationship satisfaction, as well as for students' intentions to join fraternities/sororities and alcohol use. CONCLUSIONS Findings from the current study add to a small but growing literature supporting the continuing influence of parents in late adolescence and suggest that the frequency and specificity of parent-teen communication are potentially informative for refined parent-based preventive interventions.
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Abar CC. Examining the relationship between parenting types and patterns of student alcohol-related behavior during the transition to college. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2011; 26:20-9. [PMID: 21842968 DOI: 10.1037/a0025108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to examine parenting influences on student alcohol use through the use of a holistic, person-centered approach in order to accomplish three distinct research aims: (a) identify groups of college students with unique profiles of perceived parenting characteristics, (b) identify groups of college students with unique profiles of alcohol-related correlates, and (c) examine the extent to which profiles of perceived parenting characteristics are associated with profiles of college alcohol-related risk. A sample of 1,153 first-year university students (17-20 years-of-age) was assessed on a host of perceived parenting and self-reported alcohol-related items. Four profiles of perceived parenting (High Quality, High Monitoring, Anti-Alcohol, Pro-Alcohol) were found using latent profile analysis (LPA). Five profiles of student alcohol-related characteristics (Abstainers, Past Drinkers, Light Drinkers, High Risk Drinkers, Extreme Risk Drinkers) were also found using LPA. Latent transition analysis illustrated that students who perceived their parents as belonging to the Pro-Alcohol profile had much higher probabilities of belonging in the High Risk Drinker or Extreme Risk Drinker profiles than students in all other perceived parenting profiles. In addition to alcohol-specific parenting characteristics, aspects of parent-teen relationship quality may also be integral in the prevention of college alcohol misuse. Finally, this study observed complex patterns of parenting and alcohol behaviors, such that the profiles could be interpreted as qualitatively distinct types of individuals. These unique profiles suggest that a targeted approach reflecting the profiles found in the current study might greatly enhance prevention program efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin C Abar
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA.
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