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Duffy KEM, Simmonds-Buckley M, Haake R, Delgadillo J, Barkham M. The efficacy of individual humanistic-experiential therapies for the treatment of depression: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Psychother Res 2024; 34:323-338. [PMID: 37406243 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2023.2227757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2022] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) evaluating the efficacy of individual humanistic-experiential therapies (HEPs) for depression. METHOD Database searches (Scopus, Medline, and PsycINFO) identified RCTs comparing any HEP intervention with a treatment-as-usual (TAU) control or active alternative intervention for the treatment of depression. Included studies were assessed using the Risk of Bias 2 tool and narratively synthesized. Post-treatment and follow-up effect sizes were aggregated using random-effects meta-analysis and moderators of treatment effect were explored (PROSPERO: CRD42021240485). RESULTS Seventeen RCTs, synthesized across four meta-analyzes, indicated HEP depression outcomes were significantly better than TAU controls at post-treatment (g = 0.41, 95% CI [0.18, 0.65], n = 735), but not significantly different at follow-up (g = 0.14, 95% CI [-0.30, 0.58], n = 631). HEP depression outcomes were comparable to active treatments at post-treatment (g = -0.09, 95% CI [-0.26, 0.08], n = 2131), but significantly favored non-HEP alternative interventions at follow-up (g = -0.21, 95% CI [-0.35, -0.07], n = 1196). CONCLUSION Relative to usual care, HEPs are effective in the short-term and comparable to non-HEP alternative interventions at post-treatment, but not at follow-up. However, imprecision, inconsistency, and risk of bias concerns were identified as limitations of the evidence included. Future large-scale trials of HEPs with equipoise between comparator conditions are required.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate E M Duffy
- Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Melanie Simmonds-Buckley
- Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Rotherham Doncaster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, UK
| | - Rinda Haake
- Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jaime Delgadillo
- Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
- Rotherham Doncaster and South Humber NHS Foundation Trust, Doncaster, UK
| | - Michael Barkham
- Clinical and Applied Psychology Unit, Department of Psychology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
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2
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Piccirilli AM, Pos AE. Does emotional processing predict 18-month post-therapy outcomes in the experiential treatment of major depression? Psychother Res 2023; 33:198-210. [PMID: 35594384 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2022.2076628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study tested whether emotion-focused therapy's (EFT) emotion processing theory serves as a predictor of 18-month post-therapy outcomes for major depressive disorder (MDD), independent of experiential therapy received. Method: We examined sequences of emotion episodes using the THEME™ sequential analysis of emotional processing in 55 clients who provided 18-month post-therapy Beck Depression Inventory reports after receiving experiential treatment in the York I and II trials, either emotion-focused or client-centered therapy. Archival Classification of Affective Meaning States (CAMS) ratings of emotion episodes of clients' working-phase sessions were analyzed using THEME™ sequential analyses of emotions coded during emotion episodes. Results: According to THEME™, poor outcome clients (Beck Depression Inventory at 18 months ≥ 10) expressed more emotion episode sequences containing secondary, or self-protective emotions, than good outcome clients. Good outcome clients expressed more emotion sequences with needs, hurt/grief, and assertive anger than poor outcome clients. Conclusions: EFT sequential emotional processing theory appears to offer good basic assumptions for experiential long-term therapy outcomes after receiving therapy for MDD. Generalization of the theory for other treatments is desired.
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Caspar F, Berger T, Holtforth MG, Babl A, Heer S, Lin M, Stähli A, Gomez Penedo JM, Holstein D, Egenolf Y, Frischknecht E, Krieger T, Ramseyer F, Regli D, Schmied E, Flückiger C, Brodbeck J, Greenberg L, Carver CS, Castonguay L, Kramer U, Auszra L, Herrmann I, Belz M. The impact of integrating emotion focused components into psychological therapy: A randomized controlled trial. J Clin Psychol 2023; 79:296-315. [PMID: 35988120 PMCID: PMC10087375 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This paper presents a randomized controlled trial on assimilative integration, which is aimed at integrating elements from other orientations within one approach to enrich its conceptual and practical repertoire. Elements from Emotion-Focused Therapy (EFT) were integrated into a form of cognitive behavior therapy: Psychological Therapy (PT). In one treatment condition, EFT was added to PT (+EFT) with the intent to enhance therapists' working with emotions. In the other condition, concepts and interventions based on the socialpsychological self-regulation approach were added to PT (+SR). Our assumption was that the +EFT would lead to greater and deeper change, particularly in the follow-up assessments. METHOD Patients (n = 104) with anxiety, depression, or adjustment disorders were randomized to the two conditions and treated by 38 therapists who self-selected between the conditions. Primary outcome was symptom severity at 12-month follow-up; secondary outcomes included several measures such as interpersonal problems and quality of life. Variables were assessed at baseline, after 8 and 16 sessions, at posttreatment, and at 6- and 12-month follow-up. RESULTS Contrary to our hypothesis, no significant between-group effects were found. CONCLUSION The findings first suggest the difficulty of topping an already very effective approach to psychotherapy. Alternative interpretations were that the EFT training, while corresponding to regular practice in AI, was not sufficient to make a difference in outcome, or that while profiting from the enhancement of abilities for working with emotions, this was outbalanced by negative effects of difficulties related to the implementation of the new elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franz Caspar
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Berger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Martin Grosse Holtforth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Psychosomatic Competence Center, University Hospital Inselspital Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Anna Babl
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Sara Heer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mu Lin
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Annabarbara Stähli
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Juan Martin Gomez Penedo
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,Universidad de Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Dominique Holstein
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Yvonne Egenolf
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Eveline Frischknecht
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Krieger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Fabian Ramseyer
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Regli
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Emma Schmied
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Flückiger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland.,University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Jeannette Brodbeck
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | | | - Ueli Kramer
- Université de Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Lars Auszra
- Institut für Emotionsfokussierte Therapie (München)
| | | | - Martina Belz
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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4
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Faustino B, Branco Vasco A, Nunes Da Silva A, Barreira J. Emotional processing difficulties scale-revised: preliminary psychometric study. PERSON-CENTERED & EXPERIENTIAL PSYCHOTHERAPIES 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2022.2028661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Faustino
- Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- CICPSI - Centro de Investigação em Ciência Psicológica
- Lusófona University, HEI-Lab, Lisboa, Portugal
| | | | - Ana Nunes Da Silva
- Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
- CICPSI - Centro de Investigação em Ciência Psicológica
| | - João Barreira
- Faculdade de Psicologia da Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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5
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Goldman R, Goldstein Z. Case formulation in emotion-focused therapy. J Clin Psychol 2022; 78:436-453. [PMID: 35112340 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.23321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 01/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Case formulation in emotion-focused therapy aids therapists to both conceptualize core emotion schemes and follow markers across therapy that signify tasks aimed at emotional transformation. The case formulation process will be illustrated in the successful case of Jina, a woman with a history of childhood emotional abuse who sought therapy for depression. The three stages of case formulation are co-constructed between client and therapist. In stage one, the therapist assesses her initial emotion processing style and listens as the emotion-based narrative unfolds. In stage two, the core emotion scheme and formulation narrative organize around feelings of shame of inferiority and attachment-related feelings of being rejected and unloved. Attendant secondary emotions of powerlessness, and unmet needs for validation emerge. Stage three evolves as the therapist follows process markers, prompting chair work for both unfinished business and self-criticism, ultimately helping Jina access adaptive sadness and newly experienced self-compassion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhonda Goldman
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Zoë Goldstein
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Insight and Outcome in Long-Term Psychotherapies of Depression. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR PSYCHOSOMATISCHE MEDIZIN UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2021; 68:54-73. [PMID: 34309499 DOI: 10.13109/zptm.2021.67.oa10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: In different therapeutic approaches, insight is acknowledged as an important part of patient's therapeutic change process. We examined whether the level of insight (1) differs between psychoanalytic (PA), psychodynamic (PD) and cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT), and (2) predicts long-term symptomatic outcome. Methods: A completer sample of 67 depressed patients from the Munich Psychotherapy Study was analyzed. Symptoms were assessed with Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) and Symptom Checklist-Revised (SCL-90-R) at pre-treatment and three-year follow-up. Insight was assessed from 242 sessions of mid-therapy phase with the Experiencing Scale. Results: The general level of insight was higher in PA as compared to CBT, and associated with lower depressive symptoms (BDI) across all three therapeutic modalities at three-year follow-up. Insight was unrelated to general distress (SCL-90-R). Exploratory analyses suggested that patients treated with PA showed higher levels of insight especially in high quality sessions (assessed by therapist). Patients for whom the extent of insight was positively linked to session quality, suffered from more depressive symptoms at three-year follow-up than patients gaining insight when session quality was low. Conclusion: Insight differs between PA and CBT and may be a common change mechanism in long-term psychotherapies.
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Zilcha-Mano S, Shahar B, Fisher H, Dolev-Amit T, Greenberg LS, Barber JP. Investigating patient-specific mechanisms of change in SET vs. EFT for depression: study protocol for a mechanistic randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2021; 21:287. [PMID: 34078324 PMCID: PMC8173838 DOI: 10.1186/s12888-021-03279-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major depressive disorder (MDD) is the leading cause of disability worldwide and one of the most heterogeneous mental health disorders. Although there are effective treatments for MDD, about 50% of patients do not respond to treatment. One of the greatest challenges in improving current treatments is identifying the mechanisms responsible for therapeutic change in MDD. The proposed study aims to identify patient-specific mechanisms of change in two treatments for MDD by investigating whether subpopulations of patients differ in the mechanisms of change that operate when receiving a given treatment. Based on theories of targeting weakness and building on strength, we will examine whether the mechanism of change operating when a treatment is provided depends on whether the treatment targets the patient's strength or weakness. METHOD To test our hypothesis that two treatments, supportive-expressive treatment (SET) and emotion-focused treatment (EFT), differ in their mechanisms of change and to explore whether focusing on the patient's strength or weakness will result in better treatment outcome, we conduct a mechanistic randomized controlled trial. One hundred and twenty-four individuals diagnosed with MDD are randomized to 16 sessions of either SET or EFT. The two treatments are theorized to differ in their main mechanism of change: SET places emphasis on insight as its main mechanism of change, and EFT places emphasis on emotional processing. Both can serve as strength- or weakness-focused treatments, based on the patient's baseline levels of insight and emotional processing. The primary outcome is the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression. Additional measures include self-report measures and clinical interviews, hormonal, motion, acoustic, physiological, and neuroimaging assessments, performance on cognitive tasks, and narrative material (collected from the sessions and interviews). DISCUSSION The RCT will expand our understanding of mechanisms of change in psychotherapy, from one-size-fits-all to patient-specific mechanisms of change. By informing therapists about which of the two approaches is most effective with patients based on their baseline characteristics, the RCT will contribute to progress toward personalized treatment. TRIAL REGISTRATION clinicaltrials.gov Identifier: NCT04576182 submitted on October 1st 2020. FUNDING The Israel Science Foundation. Trial status: Recruitment is ongoing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sigal Zilcha-Mano
- The Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, 31905, Haifa, Mount Carmel, Israel.
| | - Ben Shahar
- grid.9619.70000 0004 1937 0538The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Hadar Fisher
- grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562The Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, 31905 Haifa, Mount Carmel Israel
| | - Tohar Dolev-Amit
- grid.18098.380000 0004 1937 0562The Department of Psychology, University of Haifa, 31905 Haifa, Mount Carmel Israel
| | - Leslie S. Greenberg
- grid.21100.320000 0004 1936 9430Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jacques P. Barber
- grid.251789.00000 0004 1936 8112The Gordon F. Derner School of Psychology, Adelphi University, Adelphi, USA
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8
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9
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Heinonen E, Pos AE. The role of pre-treatment interpersonal problems for in-session emotional processing and long-term outcome in emotion-focused psychotherapy. Psychother Res 2019; 30:635-649. [DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2019.1630778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Erkki Heinonen
- National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | - Alberta E. Pos
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, ON, Canada
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10
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Grant M, Salsman NL, Berking M. The assessment of successful emotion regulation skills use: Development and validation of an English version of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0205095. [PMID: 30281666 PMCID: PMC6169969 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0205095] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2018] [Accepted: 09/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Emotion regulation has become an important topic in mental health and psychotherapy research. Skills supposingly relevant for adaptive responses towards emotions include the abilities to be consciously aware of emotions, identify and correctly label emotions, understand what has caused and maintains one’s present emotions, modify the intensity or duration of one's emotions, accept and tolerate undesired emotions, confront situations likely to cue negative emotions, and provide effective self-support when working to cope with challenging emotions. To economically assess these abilities, a self-report measure has been developed in German and validated in various studies. To facilitate the use of the measure in English speaking countries, we have developed and validated an English version of the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire (ERSQ) in a student sample (n = 263) and a sample of individual clinical sample (n = 35). Findings from this study provide significant evidence for the reliability and validity of the ERSQ. Thus, the measure can be used to assess a broad range of important emotion regulation skills in an economic way.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Grant
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Mainz, Rhineland Palatinate, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Nicholas L. Salsman
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Xavier University, Cincinnati, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology und Psychotherapy, University of Erlangen-Nueremberg, Erlangen, Bavaria, Germany
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11
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Haberman A, Shahar B, Bar-Kalifa E, Zilcha-Mano S, Diamond GM. Exploring the process of change in emotion-focused therapy for social anxiety. Psychother Res 2018; 29:908-918. [PMID: 29366385 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2018.1426896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: This study examined purported change mechanisms in emotion-focused therapy for social anxiety disorder. Methods: The sample included nine clients who had participated in a multiple-baseline case study trial examining the efficacy of emotion-focused therapy for social anxiety disorder (SAD). Multilevel analyses were conducted to examine the trajectories of emotions over the course of treatment, and whether primary adaptive emotions in a given session predicted levels of SAD symptoms, self-criticism, and self-reassurance over the course of the following week. Results: Findings showed a significant decrease in shame, and a marginally significant increase in assertive anger, over the course of treatment. Adaptive sadness/grief in a given session predicted less fear of negative evaluation over the course of the following week. Shame in a given session predicted higher levels of inadequate-self over the course of the following week. Finally, shame, and to a lesser degree assertive anger, in a given session predicted reassurance of self over the course of the following week. Neither assertive anger nor adaptive sadness/grief in a given session predicted levels of self-criticism over the course of the following week. Conclusions: These findings lend partial preliminary support for the therapeutic role of evoking and processing adaptive sadness/grief and assertive anger in the treatment of SAD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann Haberman
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | - Ben Shahar
- The Paul Baerwald School of Social Work and Social Welfare, The Hebrew Universityof Jerusalem, Jerusalem, Israel
| | - Eran Bar-Kalifa
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
| | | | - Gary M Diamond
- Department of Psychology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva, Israel
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12
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McFarquhar T, Luyten P, Fonagy P. Changes in interpersonal problems in the psychotherapeutic treatment of depression as measured by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Affect Disord 2018; 226:108-123. [PMID: 28968563 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2017.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 07/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interpersonal problems are commonly reported by depressed patients, but the effect of psychotherapeutic treatment on them remains unclear. This paper reviews the effectiveness of psychotherapeutic interventions for depression on interpersonal problems as measured by the Inventory of Interpersonal Problems (IIP). METHODS An electronic database search identified articles reporting IIP outcome scores for individual adult psychotherapy for depression. A systematic review and, where possible, meta-analysis was conducted. RESULTS Twenty-eight studies met inclusion criteria, 10 of which could be included in a meta-analysis investigating changes in the IIP after brief psychotherapy. Reasons for exclusion from the meta-analysis were too few participants with a diagnosis of depression (n=13), IIP means and SDs unobtainable (n=3) and long-term therapy (n=2). A large effect size (g=0.74, 95% CI=0.56-0.93) was found for improvement in IIP scores after brief treatment. LIMITATIONS Paucity of IIP reporting and treatment type variability mean results are preliminary. Heterogeneity for improvement in IIP after brief psychotherapy was high (I2=75%). CONCLUSIONS Despite being central to theories of depression, interpersonal problems are infrequently included in outcome studies. Brief psychotherapy was associated with moderate to large effect sizes in reduction in interpersonal problems. Of the dimensions underlying interpersonal behaviour, the dominance dimension may be more amenable to change than the affiliation dimension. Yet, high pre-treatment affiliation appeared to be associated with better outcomes than low affiliation, supporting the theory that more affiliative patients may develop a better therapeutic relationship with the therapist and consequently respond more positively than more hostile patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tara McFarquhar
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK; Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK.
| | - Patrick Luyten
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK; Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK; Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium; Yale Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Peter Fonagy
- Research Department of Clinical, Educational and Health Psychology, University College London, 1-19 Torrington Place, London, UK; Anna Freud National Centre for Children and Families, London, UK
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Lukas CA, Ebert DD, Fuentes HT, Caspar F, Berking M. Deficits in general emotion regulation skills-Evidence of a transdiagnostic factor. J Clin Psychol 2017; 74:1017-1033. [PMID: 29244206 DOI: 10.1002/jclp.22565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Deficits in emotion regulation (ER) skills are discussed as a transdiagnostic factor contributing to the development and maintenance of various mental disorders. However, systematic comparisons of a broad range of ER skills across diagnostic groups that are based on comparable definitions and measures of ER are still rare. METHOD Therefore, we conducted two studies assessing a broad range of ER skills with the Emotion Regulation Skills Questionnaire in individuals meeting criteria for mental disorders (N1 = 1448; N2 = 137) and in a general population sample (N = 214). RESULTS Consistent across the two studies, participants in the clinical samples reported lower general and lower specific ER skills than participants in the general population sample. Also consistent across the two studies, diagnostic subgroups of the clinical samples differed significantly with regard to general and specific ER skills. CONCLUSION The studies provide evidence that deficits in ER are associated with various forms of psychopathology. However, mental disorders seem to differ with regard to how strongly they are linked to ER skills.
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Grosse Holtforth M, Krieger T, Zimmermann J, Altenstein-Yamanaka D, Dörig N, Meisch L, Hayes AM. A randomized-controlled trial of cognitive–behavioral therapy for depression with integrated techniques from emotion-focused and exposure therapies. Psychother Res 2017; 29:30-44. [DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2017.1397796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Grosse Holtforth
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine, Inselspital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Krieger
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Institute of Psychology, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | | | - Nadja Dörig
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Laurence Meisch
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy, and Psychosomatics, University Hospital of Psychiatry Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Adele M. Hayes
- Department of Psychology and Brain Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE, USA
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16
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Lebow JL. Editorial: Empirically Supported Treatments in Couple and Family Therapy. FAMILY PROCESS 2016; 55:385-9. [PMID: 27619908 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jay L Lebow
- Family Process and Family Institute at Northwestern.
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17
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What we know, what we do not know, and where are we heading? Efficacy and acceptability of psychological interventions for depression. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2016; 25:301-8. [PMID: 26411324 PMCID: PMC7137604 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796015000815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
In the past several decades, increasing evidence supports the efficacy of psychotherapies for depression. The vast majority of findings from meta-analyses, randomized clinical trials (RCTs) and naturalistic studies have demonstrated that well-established psychotherapies (behavioural activation, problem-solving therapy, psychodynamic therapy, cognitive-behavioural therapy, interpersonal therapy and emotion-focused therapy) are superior to no-treatment and control conditions, and are in most cases equally effective in treating depression. However, despite this abundant support for psychotherapies, studies have also consistently shown high drop-out rates, high percentages of non-respondent patients who experience treatment failures, and mixed findings regarding the enduring effects of psychotherapy. Thus, there is a need to develop more personalised treatment models tailored to patients' needs. A new integrative sequential stepwise approach to the treatment of depression is suggested.
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Livingston G, Barber J, Rapaport P, Knapp M, Griffin M, Romeo R, King D, Livingston D, Lewis-Holmes E, Mummery C, Walker Z, Hoe J, Cooper C. START (STrAtegies for RelaTives) study: a pragmatic randomised controlled trial to determine the clinical effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of a manual-based coping strategy programme in promoting the mental health of carers of people with dementia. Health Technol Assess 2015; 18:1-242. [PMID: 25300037 DOI: 10.3310/hta18610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two-thirds of people with dementia live at home, receiving most care from family carers, about 40% of whom have clinically significant depression or anxiety. This impacts on the person with dementia, families and society, predicting care breakdown. There are currently no clinically effective and cost-effective NHS family carer interventions. OBJECTIVES To assess the STrAtegies for RelaTives (START) intervention in the short (4 and 8 months) and long term (1 and 2 years) compared with treatment as usual (TAU). DESIGN Randomised, parallel-group, superiority trial with blinded assessment recruiting participants 2:1 (intervention to TAU) to allow for therapist clustering. SETTING Three UK mental health services and one neurological service. PARTICIPANTS Family carers of people with dementia. INTERVENTION Eight-session manual-based coping intervention delivered by supervised psychology graduates to individuals. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Affective symptoms [Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-total (HADS-T)] and cost-effectiveness. Secondary measures: anxiety and depression symptoms and caseness, quality of life (QoL), abusive behaviour and long-term care home admission. RESULTS Two hundred and sixty participants were randomised (173 intervention, 87 TAU). We used intention-to-treat analysis in the short term (152 intervention, 77 TAU) and in the long term (140 intervention, 69 TAU). In the short term, the intervention group had lower HADS-T [mean difference -1.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) -3.29 to -0.31; p=0.02] and higher quality-adjusted life-years (QALYs) (mean difference 0.03, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.08). Costs were no different between groups [mean £ 252 (95% CI -£ 28 to £ 565) for intervention group]. The cost-effectiveness acceptability curve showed a greater than 99% chance of being cost-effectiveness at a £ 30,000/QALY willingness-to-pay threshold and a high probability of cost-effectiveness based on the HADS-T score. Carers in the intervention group had less case-level depression [odds ratio (OR) 0.24, 95% CI 0.07 to 0.76], a trend towards reduced case-level anxiety (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.08 to 1.05), lower Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-anxiety (HADS-A) (-0.91, 95% CI -1.76 to -0.07; p = 0.03) and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale-depression (HADS-D) (-0.91, 95% CI -1.71 to -0.10; p = 0.03) and higher Health Status Questionnaire (HSQ) QoL (mean difference 4.09, 95% CI 0.34 to 7.83). Group differences in abusive behaviour (OR 0.48, 95% CI 0.18 to 1.27) and the person with dementia's quality of life-Alzheimer's disease (QoL-AD) (mean increase 0.59, 95% CI -0.72 to 1.89) were not significant. In the long term, the intervention group had lower HADS-T (mean difference -2.58, 95% CI -4.26 to -0.90; p = 0.03) and higher QALYs (mean difference 0.03, 95% CI -0.01 to 0.06). Carers in the intervention group had less case-level depression (OR 0.14, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.53), a trend towards reduced case-level anxiety (OR 0.57, 95% CI 0.26 to 1.24), lower HADS-A (-1.16, 95% CI -2.15 to -0.18) and HADS-D (1.45, 95% CI -2.32 to -0.57), and higher HSQ (mean difference 7.47, 95% CI 2.87 to 12.08). Thirty-two (18.7%) people with dementia in the intervention group and 17 (20.2%) in TAU were admitted to a care home (hazard ratio 0.83, 95% CI 0.44 to 1.56; p = 0.56). There were no significant differences between groups in abusive behaviour (OR 0.83, 95% CI 0.36 to 1.94), the person with dementia's QoL-AD (0.17, 95% CI -1.37 to 1.70) or costs (£ 336, 95% CI -£ 223 to £ 895) for intervention group. The probability that the intervention would be seen as cost-effective at £ 30,000/QALY threshold and cost-effectiveness on the HADS-T remained high. CONCLUSIONS The START intervention was clinically effective and cost-effective in the short and longer term. The results are robust to the sensitivity analyses performed. Future work is needed to consider mechanism of action; the effects on people with dementia in clinical terms (cognition, neuropsychiatric symptoms, longer-term care home admission); and on health and social care costs. In addition, we will explore the effects of carer abusive behaviour on the care recipient's care home admission and if this then reduces abusive behaviour. We would also like to implement START and evaluate this implementation in clinical practice. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISCTRN70017938.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gill Livingston
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Julie Barber
- Department of Statistical Science and PRIMENT Clinical Trials Unit, University College London, London, UK
| | - Penny Rapaport
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Knapp
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - Mark Griffin
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Renee Romeo
- Institute of Psychiatry, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Derek King
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | | | | | - Cath Mummery
- Queen Square, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Zuzana Walker
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Juanita Hoe
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
| | - Claudia Cooper
- Division of Psychiatry, University College London, London, UK
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Lopes RT, Gonçalves MM, Fassnacht DB, Machado PPP, Sousa I. Long-term effects of psychotherapy on moderate depression: a comparative study of narrative therapy and cognitive-behavioral therapy. J Affect Disord 2015; 167:64-73. [PMID: 25082116 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2014.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In a previous clinical controlled trial (Lopes et al., 2014), narrative therapy (NT) showed promising results in ameliorating depressive symptoms with comparable outcomes to cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) when patients completed treatment. This paper aims to assess depressive symptoms and interpersonal problems in this clinical sample at follow-up. METHODS Using the Beck Depression Inventory-II and Outcome Questionnaire-45.2 Interpersonal Relations Scale, naturalistic prospective follow-up assessment was conducted at 21 and 31 months after the last treatment session. RESULTS At follow-up, patients kept improving in terms of depressive symptoms and interpersonal problems. The odds that a patient maintained recovery from depressive symptoms at follow-up were five times higher than the odds that a patient maintained recovery from interpersonal problems. In the same way, the odds of a patient never recovering from interpersonal problems were five times higher than the odds of never recovering from depressive symptoms. LIMITATIONS The study did not control for the natural course of depression or treatment continuation. CONCLUSIONS For depressed patients with greater interpersonal disabilities, longer treatment plans and alternative continuation treatments should be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo T Lopes
- School of Psychology, University of Minho, 4710-057 Braga, Portugal
| | | | | | | | - Inês Sousa
- Department of Mathematics and Applications, University of Minho, Portugal
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Angus L, Watson JC, Elliott R, Schneider K, Timulak L. Humanistic psychotherapy research 1990-2015: from methodological innovation to evidence-supported treatment outcomes and beyond. Psychother Res 2014; 25:330-47. [PMID: 25517088 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2014.989290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Over the past 25 years, humanistic psychotherapy (HP) researchers have actively contributed to the development and implementation of innovative practice-informed research measures and coding systems. METHOD Qualitative and quantitative research findings, including meta-analyses, support the identification of HP approaches as evidence-based treatments for a variety of psychological conditions. RESULTS Implications for future psychotherapy research, training, and practice are discussed in terms of addressing the persistent disjunction between significant HP research productivity and relatively low support for HP approaches in university-based clinical training programs, funding agencies, and government-supported clinical guidelines. CONCLUSION Finally, specific recommendations are provided to further enhance and expand the impact of HP research for clinical training programs and the development of treatment guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lynne Angus
- a Department of Psychology , York University , Toronto , ON , Canada
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Heber E, Lehr D, Riper H, Berking M. Emotionsregulation: Überblick und kritische Reflexion des aktuellen Forschungsstandes. ZEITSCHRIFT FUR KLINISCHE PSYCHOLOGIE UND PSYCHOTHERAPIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1026/1616-3443/a000265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Die Forschung zum Thema Emotionsregulation erfreut sich auch im Bereich der Klinischen Psychologie einer zunehmenden Beliebtheit. Allerdings stellt sich die Frage, inwieweit die Popularität des Konstrukts im Einklang mit dessen Validität und tatsächlicher heuristischer Fruchtbarkeit steht. Vor diesem Hintergrund ist es Ziel der vorliegenden Arbeit, einen aktuellen Überblick über Konzeptualisierungen, Erfassungsmethoden, Befunde zum Zusammenhang mit psychischen Störungen sowie Möglichkeiten der therapeutischen Nutzung des Konzeptes Emotionsregulation zu geben. Aufbauend auf einer kritischen Reflexion bisheriger Konzepte, Vorgehensweisen und Befunde werden Vorschläge gemacht, wie die Validität und die heuristische Fruchtbarkeit des Emotionsregulationsparadigmas weiter gefördert werden können.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Heleen Riper
- Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
- Freie Universität Amsterdam
| | - Matthias Berking
- Leuphana Universität Lüneburg
- Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg
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Lafrance Robinson A, McCague EA, Whissell C. “That chair work thing was great”: a pilot study of group-based emotion-focused therapy for anxiety and depression. PERSON-CENTERED AND EXPERIENTIAL PSYCHOTHERAPIES 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14779757.2014.910131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Berking M, Ebert D, Cuijpers P, Hofmann SG. Emotion regulation skills training enhances the efficacy of inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy for major depressive disorder: a randomized controlled trial. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2014; 82:234-45. [PMID: 23712210 DOI: 10.1159/000348448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 200] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2012] [Accepted: 12/24/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Deficits in emotion regulation skills are possible factors maintaining major depressive disorder (MDD). Therefore, the aim of the study was to test whether integrating a systematic emotion regulation training (ERT) enhances the efficacy of routine inpatient cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) for MDD. METHODS In a prospective randomized controlled trial, 432 inpatients meeting criteria for MDD were assigned to receive either routine CBT or CBT enriched with an intense emotion regulation skills training (CBT-ERT). RESULTS Participants in the CBT-ERT condition demonstrated a significantly greater reduction in depression (response rates - CBT: 75.5%, CBT-ERT: 84.9%; remission rates - CBT: 51.1%, CBT-ERT: 65.1%). Moreover, CBT-ERT participants demonstrated a significantly greater reduction of negative affect, as well as a greater increase of well-being and emotion regulation skills particularly relevant for mental health. CONCLUSIONS Integrating strategies that target emotion regulation skills improves the efficacy of CBT for MDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Berking
- University of Marburg, Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy Gutenbergstrasse 18 DE–35032 Marburg, Germany.
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Ehret AM, Kowalsky J, Rief W, Hiller W, Berking M. Reducing symptoms of major depressive disorder through a systematic training of general emotion regulation skills: protocol of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychiatry 2014; 14:20. [PMID: 24467807 PMCID: PMC3946025 DOI: 10.1186/1471-244x-14-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 01/02/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Major Depressive Disorder is one of the most challenging mental health problems of our time. Although effective psychotherapeutic treatments are available, many patients fail to demonstrate clinically significant improvements. Difficulties in emotion regulation have been identified as putative risk and maintaining factors for Major Depressive Disorder. Systematically enhancing adaptive emotion regulation skills should thus help reduce depressive symptom severity. However, at this point, no study has systematically evaluated effects of increasing adaptive emotion regulation skills application on symptoms of Major Depressive Disorder. In the intended study, we aim to evaluate stand-alone effects of a group-based training explicitly and exclusively targeting general emotion regulation skills on depressive symptom severity and assess whether this training augments the outcome of subsequent individual cognitive behavioral therapy for depression. METHODS/DESIGN In the evaluation of the Affect Regulation Training, we will conduct a prospective randomized-controlled trial. Effects of the Affect Regulation Training on depressive symptom severity and outcomes of subsequent individual therapy for depression will be compared with an active, common factor based treatment and a waitlist control condition. The study sample will include 120 outpatients meeting criteria for Major Depressive Disorder. Depressive symptom severity as assessed by the Hamilton Rating Scale will serve as our primary study outcome. Secondary outcomes will include further indicators of mental health and changes in adaptive emotion regulation skills application. All outcomes will be assessed at intake and at 10 points in time over the course of the 15-month study period. Measures will include self-reports, observer ratings, momentary ecological assessments, and will be complemented in subsamples by experimental investigations and the analysis of hair steroids. DISCUSSION If findings should support the hypothesis that enhancing regulation skills reduces symptom severity in Major Depressive Disorder, systematic emotion regulation skills training can enhance the efficacy and efficiency of current treatments for this severe and highly prevalent disorder. TRIAL REGISTRATION This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01330485.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna M Ehret
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany.
| | - Judith Kowalsky
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Winfried Rief
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Hiller
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Mainz, Wallstraße 3, 55122 Mainz, Germany
| | - Matthias Berking
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Marburg, Gutenbergstrasse 18, 35032 Marburg, Germany,Division Health Trainings Online, Leuphana University Lueneburg, Innovation Incubator, Rotenbleicher Weg 67, 21335 Lueneburg, Germany
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Renner F, Arntz A, Leeuw I, Huibers M. Schematherapie für chronische Depressionen. VERHALTENSTHERAPIE 2014. [DOI: 10.1159/000365472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Compare A, Calugi S, Marchesini G, Shonin E, Grossi E, Molinari E, Dalle Grave R. Emotionally focused group therapy and dietary counseling in binge eating disorder. Effect on eating disorder psychopathology and quality of life. Appetite 2013; 71:361-8. [PMID: 24060270 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2013.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2012] [Revised: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/08/2013] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the effect on psychopathology and quality of life of Emotionally Focused Therapy (EFT), Dietary Counseling (DC), and Combined Treatment (CT) in treatment-seeking patients with Binge Eating Disorder (BED) and obesity. METHODS Utilizing an observational study design, 189 obese adult patients with BED were treated by manualized therapy protocols. An independent assessment of health-related quality of life (Obesity-Related Well-Being questionnaire - ORWELL-97), attitudes toward eating (Eating Inventory - EI), binge eating (Binge Eating Scale - BES) and body uneasiness (Body Uneasiness Test - BUT) was performed at baseline, end-of-treatment, and six-month follow-up. These data are the secondary outcomes of a previously published treatment study. RESULTS A higher dropout rate was observed in the DC compared to the EFT and CT groups, while body weight decreased significantly in all three groups. Pre-post scores on the BES, BUT Global Severity Index, and EI Hunger subscale significantly decreased in the CT and EFT groups (but not the DC group). At six-month follow-up, 71% of participants in CT and 46% of participants in EFT had a BES score below the threshold of attention for BED (≤16), whereas no participants in the DC group reached this target. Finally the ORWELL-97 score decreased significantly in all groups, but significantly more so in the CT and EFT groups. CONCLUSION Results support the utility of combining EFT and DC in the treatment of patients with BED and obesity, emphasizing the usefulness of techniques focused on cognitive emotional processing for changing eating disorder psychopathology and quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angelo Compare
- Human and Social Science Department, University of Bergamo, P.le S. Agostino, 2, 24129 Bergamo, Italy.
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Compare A, Calugi S, Marchesini G, Molinari E, Dalle Grave R. Emotion-focused therapy and dietary counseling for obese patients with binge eating disorder: a propensity score-adjusted study. PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PSYCHOSOMATICS 2013; 82:193-4. [PMID: 23549048 DOI: 10.1159/000343209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/04/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Shahar B. Emotion-Focused Therapy for the Treatment of Social Anxiety: An Overview of the Model and a Case Description. Clin Psychol Psychother 2013; 21:536-47. [DOI: 10.1002/cpp.1853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2012] [Revised: 05/26/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ben Shahar
- School of Psychology; Interdisciplinary Center; Herzliya; Israel
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Renner F, Arntz A, Leeuw I, Huibers M. Treatment for chronic depression using schema therapy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/cpsp.12032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tracking the implicit self using event-related potentials. COGNITIVE AFFECTIVE & BEHAVIORAL NEUROSCIENCE 2013; 13:885-99. [DOI: 10.3758/s13415-013-0169-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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Angus L. Toward an integrative understanding of narrative and emotion processes in Emotion-focused therapy of depression: Implications for theory, research and practice. Psychother Res 2012; 22:367-80. [DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2012.683988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Supervising Humanistic-Existential Psychotherapy: Needs, Possibilities. JOURNAL OF CONTEMPORARY PSYCHOTHERAPY 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s10879-011-9197-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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Bower P, Knowles S, Coventry PA, Rowland N. Counselling for mental health and psychosocial problems in primary care. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2011; 2011:CD001025. [PMID: 21901675 PMCID: PMC7050339 DOI: 10.1002/14651858.cd001025.pub3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The prevalence of mental health and psychosocial problems in primary care is high. Counselling is a potential treatment for these patients, but there is a lack of consensus over the effectiveness of this treatment in primary care. OBJECTIVES To assess the effectiveness and cost effectiveness of counselling for patients with mental health and psychosocial problems in primary care. SEARCH STRATEGY To update the review, the following electronic databases were searched: the Cochrane Collaboration Depression, Anxiety and Neurosis (CCDAN) trials registers (to December 2010), MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsycINFO and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (to May 2011). SELECTION CRITERIA Randomised controlled trials of counselling for mental health and psychosocial problems in primary care. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS Data were extracted using a standardised data extraction sheet by two reviewers. Trials were rated for quality by two reviewers using Cochrane risk of bias criteria, to assess the extent to which their design and conduct were likely to have prevented systematic error. Continuous measures of outcome were combined using standardised mean differences. An overall effect size was calculated for each outcome with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Continuous data from different measuring instruments were transformed into a standard effect size by dividing mean values by standard deviations. Sensitivity analyses were undertaken to test the robustness of the results. Economic analyses were summarised in narrative form. There was no assessment of adverse events. MAIN RESULTS Nine trials were included in the review, involving 1384 randomised participants. Studies varied in risk of bias, although two studies were identified as being at high risk of selection bias because of problems with concealment of allocation. All studies were from primary care in the United Kingdom and thus comparability was high. The analysis found significantly greater clinical effectiveness in the counselling group compared with usual care in terms of mental health outcomes in the short-term (standardised mean difference -0.28, 95% CI -0.43 to -0.13, n = 772, 6 trials) but not in the long-term (standardised mean difference -0.09, 95% CI -0.27 to 0.10, n = 475, 4 trials), nor on measures of social function (standardised mean difference -0.09, 95% CI -0.29 to 0.11, n = 386, 3 trials). Levels of satisfaction with counselling were high. There was some evidence that the overall costs of counselling and usual care were similar. There were limited comparisons between counselling and other psychological therapies, medication, or other psychosocial interventions. AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS Counselling is associated with significantly greater clinical effectiveness in short-term mental health outcomes compared to usual care, but provides no additional advantages in the long-term. Participants were satisfied with counselling. Although some types of health care utilisation may be reduced, counselling does not seem to reduce overall healthcare costs. The generalisability of these findings to settings outside the United Kingdom is unclear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bower
- University of ManchesterHealth Sciences Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreWilliamson BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Sarah Knowles
- University of ManchesterHealth Sciences Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreWilliamson BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Peter A Coventry
- University of ManchesterHealth Sciences Research Group, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreWilliamson BuildingOxford RoadManchesterUKM13 9PL
| | - Nancy Rowland
- British Association for Counselling and PsychotherapyBACP House15 St.John's Business ParkLutterworthUKLE17 4HB
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Yu ZJ, Mooreville M, Weller RA, Weller EB. Long-term treatment of pediatric depression with psychotherapies. Curr Psychiatry Rep 2011; 13:116-21. [PMID: 21253884 DOI: 10.1007/s11920-011-0178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Major depressive disorder in children and adolescents is associated with significant morbidity and mortality, and benefits from intervention. However, studies have focused on acute treatment. Thus, data are limited on long-term treatment (ie, both continuation and maintenance treatment). This article discusses the naturalistic course of depression following acute treatment with psychotherapy and the efficacy of long-term psychotherapy for the prevention of relapse and recurrence in depressed children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheya Jenny Yu
- Hall-Mercer MH/MR Center, Pennsylvania Hospital, University of Pennsylvania Health System, 245 South 8th Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA.
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Owen JE, Hanson ER, Preddy DA, Bantum EO. Linguistically-tailored video feedback increases total and positive emotional expression in a structured writing task. COMPUTERS IN HUMAN BEHAVIOR 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chb.2010.11.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Timulak L. Case studies in emotion-focused treatment of depression: A comparison of good and poor outcome. COUNSELLING & PSYCHOTHERAPY RESEARCH 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/14733145.2011.548152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Hollon SD, Ponniah K. A review of empirically supported psychological therapies for mood disorders in adults. Depress Anxiety 2010; 27:891-932. [PMID: 20830696 PMCID: PMC2948609 DOI: 10.1002/da.20741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The mood disorders are prevalent and problematic. We review randomized controlled psychotherapy trials to find those that are empirically supported with respect to acute symptom reduction and the prevention of subsequent relapse and recurrence. METHODS We searched the PsycINFO and PubMed databases and the reference sections of chapters and journal articles to identify appropriate articles. RESULTS One hundred twenty-five studies were found evaluating treatment efficacy for the various mood disorders. With respect to the treatment of major depressive disorder (MDD), interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), cognitive behavior therapy (CBT), and behavior therapy (BT) are efficacious and specific and brief dynamic therapy (BDT) and emotion-focused therapy (EFT) are possibly efficacious. CBT is efficacious and specific, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy (MBCT) efficacious, and BDT and EFT possibly efficacious in the prevention of relapse/recurrence following treatment termination and IPT and CBT are each possibly efficacious in the prevention of relapse/recurrence if continued or maintained. IPT is possibly efficacious in the treatment of dysthymic disorder. With respect to bipolar disorder (BD), CBT and family-focused therapy (FFT) are efficacious and interpersonal social rhythm therapy (IPSRT) possibly efficacious as adjuncts to medication in the treatment of depression. Psychoeducation (PE) is efficacious in the prevention of mania/hypomania (and possibly depression) and FFT is efficacious and IPSRT and CBT possibly efficacious in preventing bipolar episodes. CONCLUSIONS The newer psychological interventions are as efficacious as and more enduring than medications in the treatment of MDD and may enhance the efficacy of medications in the treatment of BD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steven D Hollon
- Department of Psychology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37203, USA.
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Nasiakos G, Cribbie RA, Arpin-Cribbie CA. Equivalence-based measures of clinical significance: assessing treatments for depression. Psychother Res 2010; 20:647-56. [PMID: 20803383 DOI: 10.1080/10503307.2010.501039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment efficacy is largely determined by statistical significance testing, and clinical significance testing is often used to quantify or qualify the efficacy of a treatment at the individual or group level. This study applies the equivalence-based clinical significance model proposed by Kendall, Marrs-Garcia, Nath, and Sheldrick (1999) and a revised model proposed by Cribbie and Arpin-Cribbie (2009) to the assessment of treatments for depression. Using several studies that investigated treatments for depression, the authors tested whether the posttreatment means were equivalent to those for a similar normal comparison group. All of the studies had significant improvement from pretest to posttest, although for many of the studies the treated group was not equivalent to a normal comparison group at posttest. Further, there are important differences between the conclusions drawn from the Kendall et al. and Cribbie and Arpin-Cribbie methods for assessing equivalence-based clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- George Nasiakos
- Department of Psychology, York University, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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