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Meyer KN, Hopfinger JB, Vidrascu EM, Boettiger CA, Robinson DL, Sheridan MA. From learned value to sustained bias: how reward conditioning changes attentional priority. Front Hum Neurosci 2024; 18:1354142. [PMID: 38689827 PMCID: PMC11059963 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2024.1354142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Attentional bias to reward-associated stimuli can occur even when it interferes with goal-driven behavior. One theory posits that dopaminergic signaling in the striatum during reward conditioning leads to changes in visual cortical and parietal representations of the stimulus used, and this, in turn, sustains attentional bias even when reward is discontinued. However, only a few studies have examined neural activity during both rewarded and unrewarded task phases. Methods In the current study, participants first completed a reward-conditioning phase, during which responses to certain stimuli were associated with monetary reward. These stimuli were then included as non-predictive cues in a spatial cueing task. Participants underwent functional brain imaging during both task phases. Results The results show that striatal activity during the learning phase predicted increased visual cortical and parietal activity and decreased ventro-medial prefrontal cortex activity in response to conditioned stimuli during the test. Striatal activity was also associated with anterior cingulate cortex activation when the reward-conditioned stimulus directed attention away from the target. Discussion Our findings suggest that striatal activity during reward conditioning predicts the degree to which reward history biases attention through learning-induced changes in visual and parietal activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin N. Meyer
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Joseph B. Hopfinger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Elena M. Vidrascu
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Charlotte A. Boettiger
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Biomedical Research Imaging Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Donita L. Robinson
- Bowles Center for Alcohol Studies, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Neuroscience Curriculum, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
| | - Margaret A. Sheridan
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
- Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United States
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Singh G, Campbell EM, Hogeveen J, Witkiewitz K, Claus ED, Cavanagh JF. Affective imagery boosts the reward related delta power in hazardous drinkers. Psychiatry Res Neuroimaging 2023; 334:111685. [PMID: 37506424 PMCID: PMC10574688 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2023.111685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023]
Abstract
The Reward Positivity (RewP) is an event-related potential component with a delta band spectral representation that is elicited by reward receipt. Evidence suggests that RewP is modulated by both reward probability as well as affective valuation ("liking"). Here we determined whether RewP is a marker of enhanced hedonic salience of alcohol images in hazardous drinkers. We recruited 54 participants (Hazardous Drinkers = 28, Control = 26) who completed a reinforcement learning task with affective versus alcohol imagery during feedback. The learning task used images of puppies vs. alcohol paired with reinforcing feedback. Both groups rated categories of affective images (puppies, scenery, babies, neutral) similarly, but the hazardous drinking group rated alcohol significantly higher. There were no group differences in performance or in RewP amplitudes, even as a function of alcohol imagery. Contrary to prior findings, we did not observe a significant correlation between alcohol image rating and alcohol-specific RewP amplitude, although we did observe this relationship with the alcohol-specific delta band spectral representation of RewP. Within hazardous drinking group, there was significant correlation between hazardous drinking (AUDIT score) and alcohol-specific RewP indicating an inter-individual influence of drinking habits on affect specific RewP. These findings suggest a domain-specific enhancement of reward responsiveness in hazardous drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garima Singh
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America.
| | - Ethan M Campbell
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Jeremy Hogeveen
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Katie Witkiewitz
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
| | - Eric D Claus
- Mind Research Network, Albuquerque, New Mexico and The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - James F Cavanagh
- The University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, United States of America
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Kohen CB, Cofresí RU, Bartholow BD, Piasecki TM. Alcohol craving in the natural environment: Moderating roles of cue exposure, drinking, and alcohol sensitivity. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2023; 31:57-71. [PMID: 35025586 PMCID: PMC9276840 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Effects of cue exposure and alcohol consumption (e.g., priming doses) on craving for alcohol have been examined in largely separate literature, limiting what is known about their potential interaction. Individuals with low alcohol sensitivity, a known risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD), exhibit stronger cue-elicited craving than their higher-sensitivity (HS) peers in both laboratory and real-world contexts. Here, underage drinkers (N = 155) completed a 21-day ecological momentary assessment (EMA) protocol in which they recorded exposure to alcohol cues and levels of craving during both nondrinking and postdrinking moments. Multilevel modeling detected a significant interaction of cue exposure and postdrinking status on craving. Cue-induced craving was increased in postdrinking moments compared to nondrinking moments. Contrary to prediction, cue-elicited increase in craving during nondrinking moments was stronger in participants reporting higher sensitivity to alcohol. In the presence of cues, lower sensitivity was robustly related to craving intensity in the postdrinking state but unrelated to craving during nondrinking moments. Craving during drinking episodes in the natural environment is magnified by the presence of alcohol cues, potentially contributing to the maintenance or acceleration of drinking episodes. Moreover, lower-sensitivity drinkers may be particularly susceptible to the combined effects of cue exposure and postdrinking status on alcohol craving. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Cofresí RU, Piasecki TM, Bartholow BD. Acute sensitization of the P3 event-related potential response to beverage images and the risk for alcohol use disorder. ADDICTION NEUROSCIENCE 2022; 4:100041. [PMID: 36425356 PMCID: PMC9681121 DOI: 10.1016/j.addicn.2022.100041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Previous research suggests the amplitude of the P3 event-related potential (ERP) response reflects the incentive value of the eliciting stimulus, and that individuals with trait-like lower sensitivity (LS) to the acute effects of alcohol, a potent risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD), tend to show exaggerated P3 ERP responses to alcohol beverage cues (compared to their peers with higher sensitivity; HS). No prior research has examined trajectories of the cue-elicited P3 response across repeated trials of nonreinforced cue presentations. Characterizing these trajectories can be informative as to potential mechanisms linking LS with increased AUD risk. Here, we tested whether individual differences in alcohol sensitivity are associated with different trial-by-trial trajectories of the P3 elicited by alcohol and nonalcohol reward cues (infrequent oddball/target stimuli) using a large sample of emerging adults (M age = 19.53; N = 287; 55% female; 86% White; 90% right-handed) stratified for alcohol sensitivity. Multilevel models adjusted for age, sex, handedness, and alcohol use indicated that: (i) the P3 response to alcohol and nonalcohol reward cues alike sensitized (i.e., increased) across trials; (ii) across the task, the P3 response to alcohol cues was larger for the LS than the HS phenotype; and (iii) the P3 difference score (alcohol - nonalcohol) was larger for the LS than HS phenotype only across the first half of task. Findings suggest that whereas incentive value attribution may be a mechanism for alcohol cue-triggered attentional biases for both LS and HS individuals, LS individuals more consistently over-attribute incentive value to alcohol cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U. Cofresí
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Thomas M. Piasecki
- Center for Tobacco Research and Intervention and Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison, United States
| | - Bruce D. Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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Cofresí RU, Kohen CB, Motschman CA, Wiers RW, Piasecki TM, Bartholow BD. Behavioral response bias and event-related brain potentials implicate elevated incentive salience attribution to alcohol cues in emerging adults with lower sensitivity to alcohol. Addiction 2022; 117:892-904. [PMID: 34697852 PMCID: PMC8904297 DOI: 10.1111/add.15728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
AIMS This study used a behavioral approach-avoidance task including images of alcoholic beverages to test whether low sensitivity to alcohol (LS) is a phenotypical marker of a dispositional propensity to attribute bottom-up incentive value to naturally conditioned alcohol cues. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Experimental study with a measured individual difference variable at a university psychology laboratory in Missouri, MO, USA. Participants were 178 emerging adults (aged 18-20 years) varying in self-reported sensitivity to alcohol's acute effects. MEASUREMENTS Participants completed the alcohol approach-avoidance task while behavior (response time; RT) and the electroencephalogram (EEG) were recorded. Stimulus-locked event-related potentials (ERPs) provided indices of integrated (top-down and bottom-up) stimulus incentive value (P3 amplitude) and conflict between top-down task demands and bottom-up response propensities (N450 amplitude). FINDINGS Linear mixed models showed faster RT for 'alcohol-approach' relative to 'alcohol-avoid' trials for lower-sensitivity (LS) [meanD ± standard errorD (MD ± SED ) = 29.51 ± 9.74 ms, t(328) = 3.03, P = 0.003] but not higher-sensitivity (HS) individuals (MD ± SED = 2.27 ± 9.33 ms, t(328) = 0.243, P = 0.808). There was enhanced N450 amplitude (response conflict) for alcohol-avoid relative to alcohol-approach trials for LS participants (MD ± SED = 0.811 ± 0.198 μV, Z = 4.108, P < 0.001) and enhanced N450 amplitude for alcohol-approach relative to alcohol-avoid for HS participants (MD ± SED = 0.419 ± 0.188 μV, Z = 2.235, P = 0.025). There was also enhanced P3 amplitude for alcohol-approach relative to alcohol-avoid for LS (MD ± SED = 0.825 ± 0.204 μV, Z = 4.045, P < 0.001) but not HS (MD ± SED = 0.013 ± 0.194 μV, Z = 0.068, P = 0.946). CONCLUSIONS Findings from a human laboratory study appear to support the notion that low sensitivity to alcohol indexes a propensity to attribute bottom-up incentive value to naturally conditioned alcohol cues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U. Cofresí
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri,Corresponding author: Roberto Cofresí, University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO, 65211. Phone: 469-323-0181
| | - Casey B. Kohen
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri
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Martins JS, Joyner KJ, McCarthy DM, Morris DH, Patrick CJ, Bartholow BD. Differential brain responses to alcohol-related and natural rewards are associated with alcohol use and problems: Evidence for reward dysregulation. Addict Biol 2022; 27:e13118. [PMID: 34877771 PMCID: PMC8891069 DOI: 10.1111/adb.13118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Multiple theoretical perspectives posit that drug use leads to biased valuation of drug-related reward, at the expense of naturally occurring rewarding activities (i.e., reward dysregulation). Recent research suggests that the comparative balance of drug-related and nondrug-related reward valuation is a powerful determinant of substance misuse and addiction. We examined differential neurophysiological responses-indexed with the P3 component of the event-related potential (ERP)-elicited by visual alcohol cues and cues depicting natural reward as a neurobiological indicator of problematic drinking. Nondependent, young adult drinkers (N = 143, aged 18-30 years) completed questionnaire measures assessing alcohol use and problems, and viewed alcohol cues (pictures of alcoholic beverages), high-arousing natural reward cues (erotica, adventure scenes), nonalcoholic beverage cues, and neutral scenes (e.g., household items) while ERPs were recorded. When examined separately, associations of P3-ERP reactivity to alcohol cues and natural reward cues with alcohol use and problems were weak. However, differential P3 response to the two types of cues (i.e., reward dysregulation P3) showed consistent and robust associations with all indices of alcohol use and problems and differentiated high-risk from lower-risk drinkers. The current results support the idea that the differential incentive-motivational value of alcohol, relative to naturally rewarding activities, is associated with increased risk for substance misuse and dependence, and highlight a novel neurophysiological indicator-the reward dysregulation P3-of this differential reward valuation.
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Cofresí RU, Piasecki TM, Hajcak G, Bartholow BD. Internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the P3 event-related potential (ERP) elicited by alcoholic and non-alcoholic beverage pictures. Psychophysiology 2022; 59:e13967. [PMID: 34783024 PMCID: PMC8724465 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 09/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Addiction researchers are interested in the ability of neural signals, like the P3 component of the ERP, to index individual differences in liability factors like motivational reactivity to alcohol/drug cues. The reliability of these measures directly impacts their ability to index individual differences, yet little attention has been paid to their psychometric properties. The present study fills this gap by examining within-session internal consistency reliability (ICR) and between-session test-retest reliability (TRR) of the P3 amplitude elicited by images of alcoholic beverages (Alcohol Cue P3) and non-alcoholic drinks (NADrink Cue P3) as well as the difference between them, which isolates alcohol cue-specific reactivity in the P3 (ACR-P3). Analyses drew on data from a large sample of alcohol-experienced emerging adults (session 1 N = 211, 55% female, aged 18-20 yr; session 2 N = 98, 66% female, aged 19-21 yr). Evaluated against domain-general thresholds, ICR was excellent (M ± SD; r= 0.902 ± 0.030) and TRR was fair (r = 0.706 ± 0.020) for Alcohol Cue P3 and NADrink Cue P3, whereas for ACR-P3, ICR and TRR were poor (r = 0.370 ± 0.071; r = 0.201 ± 0.042). These findings indicate that individual differences in the P3 elicited by cues for ingested liquid rewards are highly reliable and substantially stable over 8-10 months. Individual differences in alcohol cue-specific P3 reactivity were less reliable and less stable. The conditions under which alcohol/drug cue-specific reactivity in neural signals is adequately reliable and stable remain to be discovered.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Greg Hajcak
- Departments of Psychology and Biomedical Sciences, Florida State University
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8
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Fleming KA, Cofresí RU, Bartholow BD. Transfer of incentive salience from a first-order alcohol cue to a novel second-order alcohol cue among individuals at risk for alcohol use disorder: electrophysiological evidence. Addiction 2021; 116:1734-1746. [PMID: 33338310 PMCID: PMC8172423 DOI: 10.1111/add.15380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2020] [Revised: 07/29/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS In susceptible individuals, cues associated with drug use are theorized to take on incentive-motivational properties, including the ability to reinforce higher-order, drug-related associative learning. This study aimed to test this prediction among people varying in risk for alcohol use disorder. DESIGN, SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Repeated-measures experiment with a measured individual difference variable at a University psychology laboratory in Missouri, USA. One hundred and six young adults (96 contributed complete data) were pre-selected to represent the upper and lower quartiles of self-reported sensitivity to alcohol's acute effects. MEASUREMENTS Participants completed a second-order Pavlovian conditioning paradigm in which an initially neutral visual cue (second-order conditional stimulus; CS2 ) predicted onset of an olfactory cue (first-order conditional stimulus; CS1 ). Olfactory cues were isolated from alcoholic beverages, sweets and non-comestible substances, each presumed to have a natural history of first-order conditioning. Event-related potential responses to the CS2 across its conditioning and extinction, and to the CS1 , provided neurophysiological indices of incentive salience (IS). FINDINGS The IS of the alcohol CS1 was higher among participants low in alcohol sensitivity (LS), relative to their higher-sensitivity (HS) peers. The IS of the CS2 paired with the alcohol CS1 increased across the CS2 conditioning phase among LS but not HS participants. Also, LS (but not HS) individuals also experienced increases in alcohol craving following alcohol CS1 exposure, and this change was correlated with increases in the IS of the CS2 paired with the alcohol CS1 . CONCLUSIONS Alcoholic beverage odor, a proximal cue for alcohol consumption, appears to reinforce conditioning of neurophysiological responses to a novel cue among low alcohol sensitivity (LS) individuals but not high alcohol sensitivity individuals, providing the first evidence that the LS phenotype may be associated with differences in the conditioned reinforcing properties of alcohol-related cues. These findings support the idea that the LS phenotype may increase alcohol use disorder risk via susceptibility to incentive salience sensitization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A. Fleming
- Psychiatric and Behavioral Health Institute, Allegheny Health Network,Department of Psychiatry, Drexel University College of Medicine
| | | | - Bruce D. Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri,Corresponding author: Department of Psychological Sciences, 210 McAlester Hall, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211. Tel: 573-882-1805.
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Acevedo MB, Teran-Garcia M, Bucholz KK, Eagon JC, Bartholow BD, Burd NA, Khan N, Rowitz B, Pepino MY. Alcohol sensitivity in women after undergoing bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:536-544. [PMID: 32075778 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), the most common bariatric surgeries performed worldwide, increase the risk to develop an alcohol use disorder. This might be due, in part, to surgery-related changes in alcohol pharmacokinetics. Another risk factor, unexplored within this population, is having a reduced subjective response to alcohol's sedative effects. OBJECTIVES To assess whether the alcohol sensitivity questionnaire (ASQ), a simple self-report measure, could pinpoint reduced alcohol sensitivity in the bariatric population. SETTING University medical centers in Missouri and Illinois. METHODS Women who had RYGB (n = 16), SG (n = 28), or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery (n = 11) within the last 5 years completed the ASQ for both pre- and postsurgical timeframes, and 45 of them participated in oral alcohol challenge testing postsurgery. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and subjective stimulation and sedation were measured before and for 3.5 hours after drinking. RESULTS In line with faster and higher peak BACs after RYGB and SG than laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery (P < .001), postsurgery ASQ scores were more reduced from presurgery scores after RYGB/SG than after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery (-2.3 ± .3 versus -1.2 ± .2; P < .05). However, despite the dramatic changes in BAC observed when ingesting alcohol after RYGB/SG surgeries, which resulted in peak BAC that were approximately 50% above the legal driving limit, a third of these women felt almost no alcohol-related sedative effects. CONCLUSIONS Although RYGB/SG dramatically increased sensitivity to alcohol in all participants, meaningful interindividual differences remained. The ASQ might help identify patients at increased risk to develop an alcohol use disorder after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Acevedo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Margarita Teran-Garcia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - J Christopher Eagon
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Naiman Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Blair Rowitz
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Marta Yanina Pepino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
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Jurado-Barba R, Sion A, Martínez-Maldonado A, Domínguez-Centeno I, Prieto-Montalvo J, Navarrete F, García-Gutierrez MS, Manzanares J, Rubio G. Neuropsychophysiological Measures of Alcohol Dependence: Can We Use EEG in the Clinical Assessment? Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:676. [PMID: 32765317 PMCID: PMC7379886 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Addiction management is complex, and it requires a bio-psycho-social perspective, that ought to consider the multiple etiological and developmental factors. Because of this, a large amount of resources has been allocated to assess the vulnerability to dependence, i.e., to identify the processes underlying the transition from substance use to dependence, as well as its course, in order to determine the key points in its prevention, treatment, and recovery. Consequently, knowledge \from neuroscience must be taken into account, which is why different initiatives have emerged with this objective, such as the "Research Domain Criteria" (RDoC), and the "Addiction Neuroclinical Assessment" (ANA). Particularly, neuropsychophysiological measures could be used as markers of cognitive and behavioral attributes or traits in alcohol dependence, and even trace clinical change. In this way, the aim of this narrative review is to provide an overview following ANA clinical framework, to the most robust findings in neuropsychophysiological changes in alcohol dependence, that underlie the main cognitive domains implicated in addiction: incentive salience, negative emotionality, and executive functioning. The most consistent results have been found in event-related potential (ERP) analysis, especially in the P3 component, that could show a wide clinical utility, mainly for the executive functions. The review also shows the usefulness of other components, implicated in affective and substance-related processing (P1, N1, or the late positive potential LPP), as well as event-related oscillations, such as theta power, with a possible use as vulnerability or clinical marker in alcohol dependence. Finally, new tools emerging from psychophysiology research, based on functional connectivity or brain graph analysis could help toward a better understanding of altered circuits in alcohol dependence, as well as communication efficiency and effort during mental operations. This review concludes with an examination of these tools as possible markers in the clinical field and discusses methodological differences, the need for more replicability studies and incipient lines of work. It also uses consistent findings in psychophysiology to draw possible treatment targets and cognitive profiles in alcohol dependence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Jurado-Barba
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Department of Psychology, Education and Health Science Faculty, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sion
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Isabel Domínguez-Centeno
- Department of Psychology, Education and Health Science Faculty, Camilo José Cela University, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Francisco Navarrete
- Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - María Salud García-Gutierrez
- Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Jorge Manzanares
- Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Neuroscience Institute, Miguel Hernández University-CSIC, Alicante, Spain
| | - Gabriel Rubio
- Biomedical Research Institute, Hospital 12 de Octubre, Madrid, Spain.,Addictive Disorders Network, Carlos III Institute, Madrid, Spain.,Medicine Faculty, Complutense de Madrid University, Madrid, Spain
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11
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Cofresí RU, Bartholow BD, Piasecki TM. Evidence for incentive salience sensitization as a pathway to alcohol use disorder. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2019; 107:897-926. [PMID: 31672617 PMCID: PMC6878895 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 10/14/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The incentive salience sensitization (ISS) theory of addiction holds that addictive behavior stems from the ability of drugs to progressively sensitize the brain circuitry that mediates attribution of incentive salience (IS) to reward-predictive cues and its behavioral manifestations. In this article, we establish the plausibility of ISS as an etiological pathway to alcohol use disorder (AUD). We provide a comprehensive and critical review of evidence for: (1) the ability of alcohol to sensitize the brain circuitry of IS attribution and expression; and (2) attribution of IS to alcohol-predictive cues and its sensitization in humans and non-human animals. We point out gaps in the literature and how these might be addressed. We also highlight how individuals with different alcohol subjective response phenotypes may differ in susceptibility to ISS as a pathway to AUD. Finally, we discuss important implications of this neuropsychological mechanism in AUD for psychological and pharmacological interventions attempting to attenuate alcohol craving and cue reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberto U Cofresí
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States.
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- University of Missouri, Department of Psychological Sciences, Columbia, MO 65211, United States
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12
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Electrophysiological Correlates of an Alcohol-Cued Go/NoGo Task: A Dual-Process Approach to Binge Drinking in University Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16224550. [PMID: 31752082 PMCID: PMC6888589 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16224550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Binge drinking is a common pattern of alcohol consumption in adolescence and youth. Neurocognitive dual-process models attribute substance use disorders and risk behaviours during adolescence to an imbalance between an overactivated affective-automatic system (involved in motivational and affective processing) and a reflective system (involved in cognitive inhibitory control). The aim of the present study was to investigate at the electrophysiological level the degree to which the motivational value of alcohol-related stimuli modulates the inhibition of a prepotent response in binge drinkers. First-year university students (n = 151, 54 % females) classified as binge drinkers (n = 71, ≥6 binge drinking episodes, defined as 5/7 standard drinks per occasion in the last 180 days) and controls (n = 80, <6 binge drinking episodes in the last 180 days) performed a beverage Go/NoGo task (pictures of alcoholic and nonalcoholic drinks were presented according to the condition as Go or NoGo stimuli; Go probability = 0.75) during event-related potential recording. In binge drinkers but not controls, the amplitude of the anterior N2-NoGo was larger in response to nonalcohol than in response to alcohol pictures. No behavioural difference in task performance was observed. In terms of dual-process models, binge drinkers may require increased activation to monitor conflict in order to compensate for overactivation of the affective-automatic system caused by alcohol-related bias.
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Heath LM, Wardell JD, Hendershot CS. An Evaluation of Alcohol Sensitivity in the Context of the Acquired Preparedness Model. ADDICTION RESEARCH & THEORY 2019; 28:335-344. [PMID: 33828442 PMCID: PMC8023335 DOI: 10.1080/16066359.2019.1653862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The acquired preparedness model (APM) posits that relationships between impulsivity-related traits and alcohol use are partly mediated by the biased acquisition of positive alcohol expectancies. Additionally, alcohol administration studies implicate associations between impulsivity-related traits and sensitivity to acute alcohol effects, suggesting that impulsivity-expectancy associations could be partly explained by individual differences in alcohol response. The present study assessed a theoretical extension of the APM by testing the prediction that self-reported sensitivity to alcohol would partly mediate impulsivity-expectancy relationships, and that the addition of alcohol sensitivity variables would account for increased variance in drinking quantity and problems relative to the traditional APM. METHOD Young adult heavy drinkers (N = 300, 53% women) completed the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire, the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale, and measures of alcohol expectancies (Comprehensive Effects of Alcohol Questionnaire) and drinking quantity and related problems. Hypotheses were examined using path analysis. RESULTS Results supported significant indirect effects of sensation seeking on drinking quantity and problems via higher positive expectancies. Results also supported a significant indirect effect of negative urgency on drinking problems via negative expectancies. Although alcohol sensitivity variables showed unique associations with drinking outcomes, the addition of these variables did not improve model fit and hypothesized indirect paths involving impulsivity-related traits, alcohol sensitivity, and expectancies were not supported. CONCLUSIONS Future research is necessary to reconcile these results with laboratory findings suggesting that impulsive traits are frequently associated with sensitivity to alcohol's acute effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Heath
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jeffrey D. Wardell
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Christian S. Hendershot
- Department of Psychology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Institute for Mental Health Policy Research, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health (CAMH), Toronto, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, CAMH, Toronto, Canada
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Martins JS, Bartholow BD, Cooper ML, Irvin KM, Piasecki TM. Interactive Effects of Naturalistic Drinking Context and Alcohol Sensitivity on Neural Alcohol Cue-Reactivity Responses. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1777-1789. [PMID: 31233217 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 06/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considerable evidence indicates that a low level of subjective response to alcohol's acute effects (i.e., low sensitivity) is associated with enhanced risk for alcohol use disorder (AUD). Recent work suggests that the highest risk response profile consists of blunted sensitivity to alcohol's sedation-like effects, coupled with enhanced sensitivity to alcohol's stimulation-like effects (i.e., differential sensitivity). A largely separate body of work indicates that enhanced reactivity to alcohol-related cues is associated with increased AUD risk. AIMS The current research examined the extent to which variability in alcohol response phenotypes is associated with enhanced P3 event-related potential (ERP) responses to alcohol-related pictures (ACR-P3), and whether this reactivity varies according to depicted drinking contexts. METHODS Eighty young adults (aged 18 to 33 years) completed a self-report measure of alcohol sensitivity (the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire) and viewed images depicting drinking in naturalistic contexts, alcohol and nonalcohol beverages in isolation (devoid of naturalistic drinking context), and neutral nonbeverage control images while ERPs were recorded. RESULTS Results indicated that blunted sensitivity to alcohol's sedative-like effects was differentially associated with enhanced ACR-P3 but reduced P3 reactivity to nonalcohol cues. Variation in sensitivity to alcohol's stimulant-like effects was not associated with differential ACR-P3. Contrary to predictions, these effects were not potentiated by drinking contexts. CONCLUSIONS The current results replicate and extend previous work linking low alcohol sensitivity with enhanced incentive salience for alcohol-related cues and suggest that cues depicting drinking contexts are less likely to differentiate high-risk from low-risk drinkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge S Martins
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - M Lynne Cooper
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kelsey M Irvin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Trela CJ, Hayes AW, Bartholow BD, Sher KJ, Heath AC, Piasecki TM. Moderation of alcohol craving reactivity to drinking-related contexts by individual differences in alcohol sensitivity: An ecological investigation. Exp Clin Psychopharmacol 2018; 26:354-365. [PMID: 29985018 PMCID: PMC6072623 DOI: 10.1037/pha0000206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Laboratory cue exposure investigations have demonstrated that, relative to drinkers who report a high sensitivity to the pharmacologic effects of alcohol, low-sensitivity (LS) drinkers show exaggerated neurocognitive and behavioral reactivity to alcohol-related stimuli. The current study extends this line of work by testing whether LS drinkers report stronger cravings for alcohol in daily life. Data were from an ecological momentary assessment study in which participants (N = 403 frequent drinkers) carried a palmtop computer for 21 days and responded to questions regarding drinking behavior, alcohol craving, mood states, and situational context. Initial analyses identified subjective states (positive and negative mood, cigarette craving) and contextual factors (bar-restaurant location, weekend, time of day, presence of friend, recent smoking) associated with elevated craving states during nondrinking moments. Effects for nearly all these craving correlates were moderated by individual differences in alcohol sensitivity, such that the associations between situational factors and current alcohol craving were larger among LS individuals (as determined by a questionnaire completed at baseline). Complementary idiographic analyses indicated that self-reported craving increased when the constellation of situational factors more closely resembled individuals' observed drinking situations. Again, this effect was moderated by alcohol sensitivity, with greater craving response increases among LS drinkers. The findings align with predictions generated from theory and laboratory cue exposure investigations and should encourage further study of craving and incentive processes in LS drinkers. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine J. Trela
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Alexander W. Hayes
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Bruce D. Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Kenneth J. Sher
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Thomas M. Piasecki
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Missouri
- Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine
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Hone LSE, Bartholow BD, Piasecki TM, Sher KJ. Women's Alcohol Sensitivity Predicts Alcohol-Related Regretted Sex. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2017; 41:1630-1636. [PMID: 28797135 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low sensitivity (LS) to alcohol's acute effects is a known risk factor for heavy drinking and its negative consequences. However, LS could be protective due to LS drinkers being less impaired at a given level of consumption. Here, we tested whether LS is associated with differences in men's and women's reports of alcohol-related regretted sex. METHODS Eight hundred and one young adults (393 women) aged 21 to 35 (M = 23.11 years) recruited for a study of alcohol's effects on cognition completed self-report measures of alcohol sensitivity, typical alcohol use, and alcohol consequences (including regretted sex). RESULTS Participants whose alcohol sensitivity scores classified them as LS were more likely to experience alcohol-related regretted sex than were high-sensitivity (HS) participants. However, when controlling for typical alcohol use and experience of alcohol consequences in general, alcohol sensitivity was negatively associated with risk of alcohol-related regretted sex, but only among women. CONCLUSIONS At a given level of consumption, and controlling for experience of alcohol consequences other than regretted sex, reduced sensitivity to certain effects of alcohol may be a protective factor for women against risk for alcohol-related regretted sexual situations. This study provides insight on the unique risks of drinking among LS and HS women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana S E Hone
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Thomas M Piasecki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Szocs C, Biswas D, Borges A. Cheers to Haptic Sensations and Alcohol Consumption: How Glassware Weight Impacts Perceived Intoxication and Positive Emotions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1086/688219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Bailey K, Bartholow BD. Alcohol words elicit reactive cognitive control in low-sensitivity drinkers. Psychophysiology 2016; 53:1751-1759. [PMID: 27545019 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Previous ERP studies shown support for the idea that alcohol-related stimuli are particularly salient to individuals who report low sensitivity (LS) to alcohol's effects (a known risk factor for alcohol-related problems), leading such stimuli to spontaneously capture their attention and interfere with self-regulatory goal pursuit. The current study investigated LS individuals' use of reactive and proactive cognitive control in response to alcohol-related stimuli. Participants performed an alcohol Stroop task in which they indicated the font color of alcohol- and nonalcohol-related words while ERPs were recorded. The probability of alcohol and nonalcohol words was manipulated to test predictions derived from Dual Mechanisms of Control theory. Among LS individuals, infrequent alcohol-related words elicited slower responses and larger N2 amplitude, consistent with these stimuli eliciting enhanced reactive control responses. Amplitude of the frontal slow wave (FSW) component, associated with proactive control, was marginally larger among LS individuals when alcohol words were more frequent, but response accuracy was lower. These findings demonstrate that LS individuals experience conflict when presented with task-irrelevant alcohol-related stimuli, even in a context where conflict arguably should not be present. Findings further suggest that LS individuals can effectively implement reactive control to deal with this conflict when it is infrequent but have difficulty implementing proactive control in the context of more frequent conflict.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Bailey
- Department of Psychology, Ohio Wesleyan University, Delaware, Ohio, USA.
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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Trela CJ, Piasecki TM, Bartholow BD, Heath AC, Sher KJ. The natural expression of individual differences in self-reported level of response to alcohol during ecologically assessed drinking episodes. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2016; 233:2185-2195. [PMID: 27037938 PMCID: PMC4864106 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-016-4270-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2016] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
RATIONALE Low sensitivity to alcohol is a well-established risk factor for alcohol use disorder (AUD). However, little is known about how the low sensitivity phenotype is expressed on a fine-grained, momentary level in drinkers' daily experience. OBJECTIVES The objective of the study is to evaluate individual differences in subjective states and appraisals of alcoholic beverages during the ascending limb of real-world drinking episodes. METHODS Social drinkers (N = 398) with varying degrees of alcohol sensitivity as indexed by the Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol form (SRE; Schuckit et al. in Addiction 92:979-988, 1997a) recorded diary entries over a 3-week monitoring period (2576 drinking episodes containing 6546 moments). Hierarchical linear modeling was used to evaluate whether individual differences in alcohol sensitivity predicted differing intra-episode estimated blood alcohol concentration (eBAC) trajectories, ratings of subjective states, and drink appraisals. RESULTS Lower self-reported alcohol sensitivity was associated with consuming "too much, too fast," as indicated by a steeper slope of ascending eBAC. In models adjusted for momentary eBAC level, participants reporting lower alcohol sensitivity at baseline showed blunted subjective intoxication and drink-contingent punishment. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that low sensitivity to alcohol is associated with a blunting of some forms of subjective feedback (i.e., perceptions of intoxication and punishment) that might typically encourage drinking restraint. This may 'tip the scales' toward excess consumption and could help to explain why a low alcohol sensitivity forecasts AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Constantine J. Trela
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri,Alcoholism Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Thomas M. Piasecki
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri,Alcoholism Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Bruce D. Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri,Alcoholism Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine,Alcoholism Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine
| | - Kenneth J. Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri,Alcoholism Research Center at Washington University School of Medicine
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Fleming KA, Bartholow BD, Hilgard J, McCarthy DM, O'Neill SE, Steinley D, Sher KJ. The Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire: Evidence for Construct Validity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2016; 40:880-8. [PMID: 27012527 PMCID: PMC4820365 DOI: 10.1111/acer.13015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variability in sensitivity to the acute effects of alcohol is an important risk factor for the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). The most commonly used retrospective self-report measure of sensitivity, the Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol (SRE) form, queries a limited number of alcohol effects and relies on respondents' ability to recall experiences that might have occurred in the distant past. Here, we investigated the construct validity of an alternative measure that queries a larger number of alcohol effects, the Alcohol Sensitivity Questionnaire (ASQ), and compared it to the SRE in predicting momentary subjective responses to an acute dose of alcohol. METHODS Healthy young adults (N = 423) completed the SRE and the ASQ and then were randomly assigned to consume either alcohol or a placebo beverage (between-subjects manipulation). Stimulation and sedation (Biphasic Alcohol Effects Scale) and subjective intoxication were measured multiple times after drinking. RESULTS Hierarchical linear models showed that the ASQ reliably predicted each of these outcomes following alcohol but not placebo consumption, provided unique prediction beyond that associated with differences in recent alcohol involvement, and was preferred over the SRE (in terms of model fit) in direct model comparisons of stimulation and sedation. CONCLUSIONS The ASQ compared favorably with the better-known SRE in predicting increased stimulation and reduced sedation following an acute alcohol challenge. The ASQ appears to be a valid self-report measure of alcohol sensitivity and therefore holds promise for identifying individuals at-risk for AUD and related problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly A Fleming
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Joseph Hilgard
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Denis M McCarthy
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Susan E O'Neill
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Douglas Steinley
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Kenneth J Sher
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
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Brion M, Pitel AL, D'Hondt F. New Perspectives in the Exploration of Korsakoff's Syndrome: The Usefulness of Neurophysiological Markers. Front Psychol 2016; 7:168. [PMID: 26909060 PMCID: PMC4754411 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
This perspective aims at underlining the usefulness of event-related potentials (ERP) to better understand the brain correlates of Korsakoff’s syndrome (KS), a neuropsychiatric disease characterized by severe memory impairment and most frequently resulting as a neurological complication of alcohol-dependence (AD). While ERP have been broadly used in AD, it has up to now been very little applied in KS or in the comparison of KS and AD. Within the framework of dual-process models, an influential theory postulating that addictive states result from an imbalance between under-activated reflective system and over-activated automatic-affective one, this paper proposes: (1) a brief synthesis of the main results of ERP studies in AD and KS, and (2) new research avenues using ERP to identify the electrophysiological correlates of cognitive and emotional dysfunction in KS. These experimental perspectives aim at exploring the continuity hypothesis, which postulates a gradient of impairments from AD to KS. We conclude on the possibility of developing neuropsychological strategies with electrophysiological follow-up to ensure KS diagnosis and test the efficacy of patient’s neurocognitive rehabilitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Brion
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Anne-Lise Pitel
- INSERM, Unité U1077, École Pratique des Hautes Études, Université de Caen-Basse Normandie - GIP Cyceron - CHU Caen Caen, France
| | - Fabien D'Hondt
- Laboratory for Experimental Psychopathology, Psychological Sciences Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
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Wardell JD, Quilty LC, Hendershot CS. Alcohol sensitivity moderates the indirect associations between impulsive traits, impaired control over drinking, and drinking outcomes. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2015; 76:278-86. [PMID: 25785803 PMCID: PMC5295842 DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2015.76.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to examine impaired control over drinking behavior as a mediator of unique pathways from impulsive traits to alcohol outcomes in young adults. We also sought to investigate the moderating influence of self-reported sensitivity to alcohol on these pathways. METHOD Young adult heavy drinkers (N = 172; 82 women) recruited from the community completed self-report measures of impulsive traits (positive urgency, negative urgency, sensation seeking), alcohol sensitivity (Self-Rating of the Effects of Alcohol scale), impaired control over drinking, and alcohol use and problems. Multiple-groups path analysis was used to analyze the data. RESULTS Path coefficients between urgency and impaired control were larger for individuals with lower versus higher self-reported sensitivity to alcohol. The same was true for the association between impaired control and alcohol problems. For participants lower on alcohol sensitivity, significant indirect paths were observed from both positive and negative urgency to all alcohol outcomes (quantity, frequency, and problems) mediated via impaired control. For participants higher on alcohol sensitivity, only the paths from negative urgency (but not positive urgency) to the three alcohol outcomes via impaired control were statistically significant. Sensation seeking was not uniquely associated with impaired control. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicate that relatively low sensitivity to the pharmacological effects of alcohol may strengthen the association between urgency--especially positive urgency--and impaired control, supporting the notion that personality and level of response to alcohol may interact to increase risk for impaired control over drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeffrey D. Wardell
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St., 3 Floor, Toronto ON, Canada, M6J 1H4
| | - Lena C. Quilty
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St., 3 Floor, Toronto ON, Canada, M6J 1H4
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Christian S. Hendershot
- Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health, 100 Stokes St., 3 Floor, Toronto ON, Canada, M6J 1H4
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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Petit G, Kornreich C, Dan B, Verbanck P, Campanella S. Electrophysiological correlates of alcohol- and non-alcohol-related stimuli processing in binge drinkers: a follow-up study. J Psychopharmacol 2014; 28:1041-52. [PMID: 25122045 DOI: 10.1177/0269881114545663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The continuation of binge drinking is associated with the development of neurocognitive brain abnormalities similar to those observed in patients with alcohol dependence. Alcohol cue reactivity constitutes a risk marker for alcohol dependence. Through event-related potentials (ERPs), we aimed to examine its potential presence as well as its evolution over time in binge drinkers in a one-year period. METHODS ERPs were recorded during a visual oddball task in which controls (n=15) and binge drinkers (n=15) had to detect infrequent deviant stimuli (related or unrelated to alcohol) among frequent standard stimuli. The test was performed twice with a one-year interval in order to explore the long-lasting influence of drinking habits. RESULTS Contrary to the controls, binge drinkers showed significantly reduced amplitudes of the P1 component for both alcohol and non-alcohol-related cues and of the P3 component only for neutral cues in the second assessment compared with the first. CONCLUSION The continuation of binge drinking over one year is associated with the development of brain functional abnormalities (indexed by the P1 component) as well as a higher reactivity to alcohol-related stimuli and/or a decreased reactivity to non-alcohol-related stimuli (indexed by the P3 component).
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine Petit
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Charles Kornreich
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Dan
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paul Verbanck
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine and Addictology, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
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Fleming KA, Bartholow BD. Alcohol cues, approach bias, and inhibitory control: applying a dual process model of addiction to alcohol sensitivity. PSYCHOLOGY OF ADDICTIVE BEHAVIORS 2013; 28:85-96. [PMID: 23438245 DOI: 10.1037/a0031565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Low sensitivity to the acute effects of alcohol is a risk factor for heavy drinking and related problems. However, little research has tested process explanations for such effects. The current study tested the hypothesis that low sensitivity is associated with automatic approach biases for alcohol cues, coupled with deficits inhibiting responses in the presence of such cues. Eighty-five participants varying in alcohol sensitivity completed an Alcohol-Approach Avoidance Task and a Cued Go/No-Go Task while event-related potentials were recorded. Low sensitivity (LS) individuals showed evidence of automatic approach tendencies toward alcohol cues in both tasks, and experienced deficits inhibiting prepotent responses cued by alcohol images. Additionally, the event-related potential data indicated that LS individuals experienced more conflict when attempting to inhibit alcohol-cued responses, but not nonalcohol-cued responses, compared with their high-sensitivity counterparts. Together, these data indicate that alcohol cues elicit an approach bias among LS individuals, translating into greater difficulty inhibiting behavioral responses in the presence of such cues, a pattern generally supportive of dual process models of substance use.
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25
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Shin E, Bartholow BD. Category-based inhibition of focused attention across consecutive trials. Psychophysiology 2013; 50:365-76. [PMID: 23351061 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2012] [Accepted: 12/01/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The distractor previewing effect (DPE) refers to the behavioral phenomenon that search times increase for oddball targets containing features recently associated with the absence of a target. Previous work using a color-oddball search task showed that the DPE covaried with the N2pc component of the event-related potential (an index of attention allocation) but not with other components, suggesting that the DPE reflects shifts in attentional sets. We sought to determine whether the previous results could generalize to a category-oddball search task. Results showed that the DPE co-occurred with N2pc effects in about 60% of the participants, and the DPE occurred with no N2pc effects in the rest of the participants. These results support a domain-general, attention-based account of the DPE, but also suggest that the attention-based DPE account requires some modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunsam Shin
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri, USA.
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Petit G, Kornreich C, Noël X, Verbanck P, Campanella S. Alcohol-related context modulates performance of social drinkers in a visual Go/No-Go task: a preliminary assessment of event-related potentials. PLoS One 2012; 7:e37466. [PMID: 22616012 PMCID: PMC3355129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0037466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 04/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Increased alcohol cue-reactivity and altered inhibitory processing have been reported in heavy social drinkers and alcohol-dependent patients, and are associated with relapse. In social drinkers, these two processes have been usually studied separately by recording event-related potentials (ERPs) during rapid picture presentation. The aim of our study was to confront social drinkers to a task triggering high alcohol cue-reactivity, to verify whether it specifically altered inhibitory performance, by using long-lasting background picture presentation. Methods ERP were recorded during visual Go/No-Go tasks performed by social drinkers, in which a frequent Go signal (letter “M”), and a rare No-Go signal (letter “W”) were superimposed on three different types of background pictures: neutral (black background), alcohol-related and non alcohol-related. Results Our data suggested that heavy social drinkers made more commission errors than light drinkers, but only in the alcohol-related context. Neurophysiologically, this was reflected by a delayed No-Go P3 component. Conclusions Elevated alcohol cue-reactivity may lead to poorer inhibitory performance in heavy social drinkers, and may be considered as an important vulnerability factor in developing alcohol misuse. Prevention programs should be designed to decrease the high arousal of alcohol stimuli and strengthen cognitive control in young, at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Salvatore Campanella
- Laboratory of Psychological Medicine, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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