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Strom NI, Gerring ZF, Galimberti M, Yu D, Halvorsen MW, Abdellaoui A, Rodriguez-Fontenla C, Sealock JM, Bigdeli T, Coleman JR, Mahjani B, Thorp JG, Bey K, Burton CL, Luykx JJ, Zai G, Alemany S, Andre C, Askland KD, Banaj N, Barlassina C, Nissen JB, Bienvenu OJ, Black D, Bloch MH, Boberg J, Børte S, Bosch R, Breen M, Brennan BP, Brentani H, Buxbaum JD, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Byrne EM, Cabana-Dominguez J, Camarena B, Camarena A, Cappi C, Carracedo A, Casas M, Cavallini MC, Ciullo V, Cook EH, Crosby J, Cullen BA, De Schipper EJ, Delorme R, Djurovic S, Elias JA, Estivill X, Falkenstein MJ, Fundin BT, Garner L, German C, Gironda C, Goes FS, Grados MA, Grove J, Guo W, Haavik J, Hagen K, Harrington K, Havdahl A, Höffler KD, Hounie AG, Hucks D, Hultman C, Janecka M, Jenike E, Karlsson EK, Kelley K, Klawohn J, Krasnow JE, Krebs K, Lange C, Lanzagorta N, Levey D, Lindblad-Toh K, Macciardi F, Maher B, Mathes B, McArthur E, McGregor N, McLaughlin NC, Meier S, Miguel EC, Mulhern M, Nestadt PS, Nurmi EL, O’Connell KS, Osiecki L, Ousdal OT, Palviainen T, Pedersen NL, Piras F, Piras F, Potluri S, Rabionet R, Ramirez A, Rauch S, Reichenberg A, Riddle MA, Ripke S, Rosário MC, Sampaio AS, Schiele MA, Skogholt AH, Sloofman LGSG, Smit J, Soler AM, Thomas LF, Tifft E, Vallada H, van Kirk N, Veenstra-VanderWeele J, Vulink NN, Walker CP, Wang Y, Wendland JR, Winsvold BS, Yao Y, Zhou H, Agrawal A, Alonso P, Berberich G, Bucholz KK, Bulik CM, Cath D, Denys D, Eapen V, Edenberg H, Falkai P, Fernandez TV, Fyer AJ, Gaziano JM, Geller DA, Grabe HJ, Greenberg BD, Hanna GL, Hickie IB, Hougaard DM, Kathmann N, Kennedy J, Lai D, Landén M, Le Hellard S, Leboyer M, Lochner C, McCracken JT, Medland SE, Mortensen PB, Neale BM, Nicolini H, Nordentoft M, Pato M, Pato C, Pauls DL, Piacentini J, Pittenger C, Posthuma D, Ramos-Quiroga JA, Rasmussen SA, Richter MA, Rosenberg DR, Ruhrmann S, Samuels JF, Sandin S, Sandor P, Spalletta G, Stein DJ, Stewart SE, Storch EA, Stranger BE, Turiel M, Werge T, Andreassen OA, Børglum AD, Walitza S, Hveem K, Hansen BK, Rück CP, Martin NG, Milani L, Mors O, Reichborn-Kjennerud T, Ribasés M, Kvale G, Mataix-Cols D, Domschke K, Grünblatt E, Wagner M, Zwart JA, Breen G, Nestadt G, Kaprio J, Arnold PD, Grice DE, Knowles JA, Ask H, Verweij KJ, Davis LK, Smit DJ, Crowley JJ, Scharf JM, Stein MB, Gelernter J, Mathews CA, Derks EM, Mattheisen M. Genome-wide association study identifies 30 obsessive-compulsive disorder associated loci. medRxiv 2024:2024.03.13.24304161. [PMID: 38712091 PMCID: PMC11071577 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.13.24304161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2024]
Abstract
Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) affects ~1% of the population and exhibits a high SNP-heritability, yet previous genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have provided limited information on the genetic etiology and underlying biological mechanisms of the disorder. We conducted a GWAS meta-analysis combining 53,660 OCD cases and 2,044,417 controls from 28 European-ancestry cohorts revealing 30 independent genome-wide significant SNPs and a SNP-based heritability of 6.7%. Separate GWAS for clinical, biobank, comorbid, and self-report sub-groups found no evidence of sample ascertainment impacting our results. Functional and positional QTL gene-based approaches identified 249 significant candidate risk genes for OCD, of which 25 were identified as putatively causal, highlighting WDR6, DALRD3, CTNND1 and genes in the MHC region. Tissue and single-cell enrichment analyses highlighted hippocampal and cortical excitatory neurons, along with D1- and D2-type dopamine receptor-containing medium spiny neurons, as playing a role in OCD risk. OCD displayed significant genetic correlations with 65 out of 112 examined phenotypes. Notably, it showed positive genetic correlations with all included psychiatric phenotypes, in particular anxiety, depression, anorexia nervosa, and Tourette syndrome, and negative correlations with a subset of the included autoimmune disorders, educational attainment, and body mass index.. This study marks a significant step toward unraveling its genetic landscape and advances understanding of OCD genetics, providing a foundation for future interventions to address this debilitating disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nora I. Strom
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Services, Region Stockholm , Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Zachary F. Gerring
- Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, Translational Neurogenomics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Department of Population Health and Immunity, Healthy Development and Ageing, Walter and Eliza Hall Institute of Medical Research, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - Marco Galimberti
- Department of Psychiatry, Human Genetics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
- VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Dongmei Yu
- Department of Center for Genomic Medicine, Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Matthew W. Halvorsen
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Abdel Abdellaoui
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cristina Rodriguez-Fontenla
- CIMUS (Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases), Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
- Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Genetics, FIDIS (Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela), Santiago de Compostela, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Julia M. Sealock
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Tim Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- VA NY Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jonathan R. Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
- National Institute for Health and Care Research Maudsley Biomedical Research Centre, South London and Maudsley NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - Behrang Mahjani
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Jackson G. Thorp
- Mental Health and Neuroscience Program, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Katharina Bey
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Christie L. Burton
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Jurjen J. Luykx
- Department of Psychiatry, Brain, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Second opinion outpatient clinic, GGNet, Warnsveld, The Netherlands
| | - Gwyneth Zai
- Molecular Brain Science Department, Campbell Family Mental Health Research Institute, Centre for Addiction and Mental Health,, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Silvia Alemany
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Christine Andre
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen D. Askland
- Department of Psychiatry & Behavioural Neurosciences, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Nerisa Banaj
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Judith Becker Nissen
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Aarhus University Hospital, Psychiatry, Aarhus, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Health, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - O. Joseph Bienvenu
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, General Hospital Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Donald Black
- Departments of Roy J. and Lucille A. Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Michael H. Bloch
- Department of Child Study Center and Psychiatry, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Julia Boberg
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Services, Region Stockholm , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Sigrid Børte
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Rosa Bosch
- Department of Child and Adolescent Mental Health, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto de Salut Carlos III, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salut Mental (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Michael Breen
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Seaver Autism Center for Research and Treatment, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- The Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine At Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Brian P. Brennan
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Helena Brentani
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade De São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Joseph D. Buxbaum
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Enda M. Byrne
- Child Health Research Centre, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Judit Cabana-Dominguez
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Beatriz Camarena
- Pharmacogenetics Department, Investigaciones Clínicas, Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramon de la Fuente Muñiz, Mexico City, México
| | | | - Carolina Cappi
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai Hospital, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Angel Carracedo
- Center for Research in Molecular Medicine and Chronic Diseases (CiMUS), Genomics and Bioinformatics Group, University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Galiician Foundation of Genomic Medicine, Grupo de Medicina Xenómica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago -IDIS-, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
- Medicina Genómica, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red, Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Miguel Casas
- Programa MIND Escoles, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu , Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
- Departamento de Psiquiatría y Medicina Legal, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra, Spain
| | | | - Valentina Ciullo
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Edwin H. Cook
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jesse Crosby
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bernadette A. Cullen
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins Medical Institutions, Baltimore , MD, USA
- Department of Mental Health, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Elles J. De Schipper
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Services, Region Stockholm , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Richard Delorme
- Child and Adolesccent Psycchiatry Department, APHP, Paris, France
| | - Srdjan Djurovic
- Department of Medical Genetics, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Jason A. Elias
- Psychiatry, McLean Hospital OCDI, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
- Adult Psychological Services, CBTeam LLC, Lexington, MA, USA
| | - Xavier Estivill
- qGenomics (Quantitative Genomics Laboratories), Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Martha J. Falkenstein
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bengt T. Fundin
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Center for Eating Disorders Innovation, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Lauryn Garner
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | | | - Christina Gironda
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Fernando S. Goes
- Department of Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Marco A. Grados
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Wei Guo
- Genetic Epidemiology Research Branch, National Institute of Mental Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Jan Haavik
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Kristen Hagen
- Department of Psychiatry, Møre og Romsdal Hospital Trust, Molde, Norway
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Mental Health, Norwegian University for Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Kelly Harrington
- Million Veteran Program (MVP) Coordinating Center, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alexandra Havdahl
- PsychGen Centre for Genetic Epidemiology and Mental Health, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Nic Waals Institute, Lovisenberg Diaconal Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Kira D. Höffler
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Ana G. Hounie
- Department of Psychiatry, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Donald Hucks
- Department of Medicine, Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Christina Hultman
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Magdalena Janecka
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NYU Grossman School of Medicine, New York, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, USA
| | - Eric Jenike
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Elinor K. Karlsson
- Department of Bioinformatics and Integrative Biology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, MA, USA
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Kara Kelley
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Julia Klawohn
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Medicine, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Janice E. Krasnow
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Kristi Krebs
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Christoph Lange
- Department of Biostatistics, T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Channing Division of Network Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Daniel Levey
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University, West Haven, CT, USA
- Office of Research & Development, United States Department of Veterans Affairs, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Kerstin Lindblad-Toh
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
- Department of Vertebrate Genomics, Broad Institute, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Fabio Macciardi
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, Irvine (UCI), Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Brion Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Brittany Mathes
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Evonne McArthur
- Vanderbilt Genetics Institute, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | | | - Nicole C. McLaughlin
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
- Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Sandra Meier
- Department of Psychiatry, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - Euripedes C. Miguel
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maureen Mulhern
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Paul S. Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Erika L. Nurmi
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Kevin S. O’Connell
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- NORMENT, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Lisa Osiecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Psychiatric and Neurodevelopmental Genetics Unit, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Olga Therese Ousdal
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Biomedicine, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine Finland - FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Fabrizio Piras
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Federica Piras
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience and Neurorehabilitation, Neuropsychiatry Laboratory, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Sriramya Potluri
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Department of Genetics, microbiology and statistics, IBUB, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERER, Centro de investigación biomédica en red, Madrid, Spain
- Department of Human Molecular Genetics, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Alfredo Ramirez
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of Neurogenetics and Molecular Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurodegenerative Diseases and Geriatric Psychiatry, University Hospital Bonn, Medical Faculty, Bonn, Germany
- DZNE Bonn, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), Bonn, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Glenn Biggs Institute for Alzheimer’s and Neurodegenerative Diseases, UT Health San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
- Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-associated diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Scott Rauch
- Department of Psychiatry, McLean Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Abraham Reichenberg
- Department of Mental disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, New York, NY, USA
| | - Mark A. Riddle
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Child and Adolescent, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
- site Berlin-Potsdam, German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Berlin, Germany
| | - Maria C. Rosário
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Unit (UPIA), Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Aline S. Sampaio
- Department of Neurosciences and Mental Health, Medical School, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Miriam A. Schiele
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Anne Heidi Skogholt
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Trondheim, Norway
| | | | - Jan Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Locaion Vumc, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Artigas María Soler
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laurent F. Thomas
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Public Health and Nursing, K. G. Jebsen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- BioCore - Bioinformatics Core Facility, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinic of Laboratory Medicine, St.Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Eric Tifft
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder Institute, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Homero Vallada
- Department of Psychiatry, Universidade de Sao Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery, CMM, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nathanial van Kirk
- OCD Institute, Division of Depression and Anxiety, McLean Hospital, Belmont, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Belmont, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy Veenstra-VanderWeele
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nienke N. Vulink
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Ying Wang
- Department of Neurology, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jens R. Wendland
- Laboratory of Clinical Science, NIMH Intramural Research Program, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Bendik S. Winsvold
- Department of Research and Innovation, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Neurology, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Yin Yao
- Department of Computional Biology, Institute of Life Science, Fudan University, Fudan, China
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
- Section of Biomedical Informatics and Data Science, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Pino Alonso
- Department of Psychiatry, OCD Clinical and Research Unit, Bellvitge Hospital, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Mental Health, Bellvitge Biomedical Research Institute IDIBELLL, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBERSAM, Mental Health Network Biomedical Research Center, Madrid, Spain
| | - Götz Berberich
- Psychosomatic Department, Windach Hospital of Neurobehavioural Research and Therapy, Windach, Germany
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington U. School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Danielle Cath
- Departments of Rijksuniversiteit Groningen and Psychiatry, University Medical Center Groninge, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Specialized Training, Drenthe Mental Health Care Institute, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Damiaan Denys
- Department of Psychiatry, Institute of The Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (NIN-KNAW), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Valsamma Eapen
- Discipline of Psychiatry and Mental Health, School of Clinical Medicine, UNSW, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Academic Unit of Child Psychiatry South-West Sydney (AUCS), South-West Sydney Clinical School, SWSLHD & Ingham Institute, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Howard Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Peter Falkai
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital LMU, Munich, Germany
- Department of Psychiatry, Max Planck Institute, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas V. Fernandez
- Child Study Center and Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Abby J. Fyer
- Department of Psychiatry, New York State Psychiatric Institute, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, , Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - J M. Gaziano
- Department of Medicine, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Medicine, Mass General Brigham, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Dan A. Geller
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Child Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hans J. Grabe
- Department of Psychiatry & Psychotherapy, University Medicine Greifswald, Greifswald, Germany
| | - Benjamin D. Greenberg
- COBRE Center on Neuromodulation, Butler Hospital, Providence, RI, USA
- Center for Neurorestoration and Neurotechnology, VA Providence Healthcare System, Providence, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Gregory L. Hanna
- Department of Psychiatry, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Ian B. Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - David M. Hougaard
- Department for Congenital Disorders, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Norbert Kathmann
- Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - James Kennedy
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Stéphanie Le Hellard
- Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Bergen Center for brain plasticity, Division of Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Marion Leboyer
- Department of Addictology and Psychiatry, Univ Paris Est Créteil, AP-HP, Inserm, Paris, France
| | - Christine Lochner
- Department of Psychiatry, SA MRC Unit on Risk and Resilience in Mental Disorders, Stellenbosch University, Stellenbosch, South Africa
| | - James T. McCracken
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- Department of Mental Health, Psychiatric Genetics, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Preben B. Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
- National Centre for Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, , Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Humberto Nicolini
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychiatry, Carracci Medical Group, Mexico City, México
- Psiquiatría, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica, Mexico City, México
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- Mental Health Center Copenhagen, Copenhagen Research Center for Mental Health, Mental Health services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michele Pato
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Carlos Pato
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - David L. Pauls
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - John Piacentini
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, UCLA Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Danielle Posthuma
- Department of Complex Trait Genetics, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Center for Neurogenomics and Cognitive Research, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatric, Section Complex Trait Genetics, VU Medical Center Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Josep Antoni Ramos-Quiroga
- Department of Psychiatry, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron, Barcelona, Spain
- Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addictions, Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Psychiatry and Forensic Medicine, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Steven A. Rasmussen
- Department of Psychiatry & Human Behavior, Alpert Medical School, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Margaret A. Richter
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
- Department of Psychiatry, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - David R. Rosenberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neurosciences, Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Wayne State University School of Medicine, Detroit, MI, USA
| | - Stephan Ruhrmann
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Jack F. Samuels
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Sven Sandin
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Paul Sandor
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Gianfranco Spalletta
- Laboratory of Neuropsychiatry, IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Division of Neuropsychiatry, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Dan J. Stein
- Dept of Psychiatry & Neuroscience Institute, SAMRC Unit on Risk & Reslience in Mental Disorders, University of Cape Town, Cape Town, Western Cape, South Africa
| | - S. Evelyn Stewart
- Department of Psychiatry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Vancouver, BC, Canada
- British Columbia Mental Health and Substance Use Services Research Institute (BCMHSUS), Vancouver, BC, Canada
| | - Eric A. Storch
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Barbara E. Stranger
- Department of Pharmacology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
- Center for Genetic Medicine, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Thomas Werge
- Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Center Sct. Hans, Copenhagen University Hospital, Mental Health Services (RHP), Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, NORMENT Centre, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
- Division of Mental Health and Addiction, Center for Precision Psychiatry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, , Norway
| | - Anders D. Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, CGPM, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Susanne Walitza
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zuric, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Kristian Hveem
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- HUNT Research Center, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research, Innovation and Education, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Bjarne K. Hansen
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity (BCBP), Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Centre for Crisis Psychology, Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Christian P. Rück
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Services, Region Stockholm , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicholas G. Martin
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Lili Milani
- Estonian Genome Centre, Institute of Genomics, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Ole Mors
- Psychosis Reasearch Unit, Aarhus University Hospital - Psychiatry, 8200 Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Ted Reichborn-Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Marta Ribasés
- Psychiatric Genetics Unit, Group of Psychiatry, Mental Health and Addiction, Vall d’Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
- Biomedical Network Research Centre on Mental Health (CIBERSAM), Madrid, Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology, and Statistics, Faculty of Biology, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Mental Health, Hospital Universitari Vall d’Hebron , Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gerd Kvale
- Bergen Center for Brain Plasticity, Psychiatry, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Bergen, Bergen, Vestland
| | - David Mataix-Cols
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Services, Region Stockholm , Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Katharina Domschke
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Freiburg - Medical Faculty, Freiburg, Germany
- German Center for Mental Health (DZPG), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Edna Grünblatt
- Neuroscience Center Zurich, University of Zurich and the ETH Zuric, Zurich, Switzerland
- Zurich Center for Integrative Human Physiology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Psychiatric University Hospital Zurich (PUK), University of Zurich, Zürich, Schweiz
| | - Michael Wagner
- Departments of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - John-Anker Zwart
- HUNT Center for Molecular and Clinical Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Research and Innovation, Clinical Neuroscience, Oslo University Hospital and University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic, and Developmental Psychiatric Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology, and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Gerald Nestadt
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Paul D. Arnold
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mathison Centre for Mental Health Research & Education, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
- Program in Genetics and Genome Biology, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dorothy E. Grice
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - James A. Knowles
- Department of Genetics, Human Genetics Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Helga Ask
- PsychGen Center for Genetic Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- PROMENTA Research Center, Department of Psychology, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Karin J. Verweij
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lea K. Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Dirk J. Smit
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC location AMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - James J. Crowley
- Centre for Psychiatry Research, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet & Stockholm Health Services, Region Stockholm , Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Genetics, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Jeremiah M. Scharf
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Murray B. Stein
- Psychiatry Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and School of Public Health, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Human Genetics (Psychiatry), Yale University School of Medicine, West Haven, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Carol A. Mathews
- Psychiatry and Genetics Institute, Center for OCD, Anxiety and Related Disorders, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Eske M. Derks
- Department of Mental Health and Neuroscience, QIMR Berghofer, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Psychiatric Phenomics and Genomics (IPPG), Ludwig-Maximilians University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Community Health and Epidemiology and Faculty of Computer Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
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2
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Lai D, Kuo SIC, Wetherill L, Aliev F, Zhang M, Abreu M, Schwantes-An TH, Dick D, Francis MW, Johnson EC, Kamarajan C, Kinreich S, Kuperman S, Meyers J, Nurnberger JI, Liu Y, Edenberg HJ, Porjesz B, Agrawal A, Foroud T, Schuckit M, Plawecki MH, Bucholz KK, McCutcheon VV. Associations between alcohol use disorder polygenic score and remission in participants from high-risk families and the Indiana Biobank. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken) 2024; 48:283-294. [PMID: 38054532 PMCID: PMC10922306 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 11/29/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the United States, ~50% of individuals who meet criteria for alcohol use disorder (AUD) during their lifetimes do not remit. We previously reported that a polygenic score for AUD (PGSAUD ) was positively associated with AUD severity as measured by DSM-5 lifetime criterion count, and AUD severity was negatively associated with remission. Thus, we hypothesized that PGSAUD would be negatively associated with remission. METHODS Individuals of European (EA) and African ancestry (AA) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) who met lifetime criteria for AUD, and two EA cohorts ascertained for studies of liver diseases and substance use disorders from the Indiana Biobank were included. In COGA, 12-month remission was defined as any period of ≥12 consecutive months without meeting AUD criteria except craving and was further categorized as abstinent and non-abstinent. In the Indiana Biobank, remission was defined based on ICD codes and could not be further distinguished as abstinent or non-abstinent. Sex and age were included as covariates. COGA analyses included additional adjustment for AUD severity, family history of remission, and AUD treatment history. RESULTS In COGA EA, PGSAUD was negatively associated with 12-month and non-abstinent remission (p ≤ 0.013, βs between -0.15 and -0.10) after adjusting for all covariates. In contrast to the COGA findings, PGSAUD was positively associated with remission (p = 0.004, β = 0.28) in the Indiana Biobank liver diseases cohort but not in the Indiana Biobank substance use disorder cohort (p = 0.17, β = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS PGSAUD was negatively associated with 12-month and non-abstinent remission in COGA EA, independent of behavioral measures of AUD severity and family history of remission. The discrepant results in COGA and the Indiana Biobank could reflect different ascertainment strategies: the Indiana Biobank participants were older and had higher rates of liver disease, suggesting that these individuals remitted due to alcohol-related health conditions that manifested in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Michael Zhang
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Marco Abreu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tae-Hwi Schwantes-An
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | | | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, NY
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, NY
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jacquelyn Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, NY
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Science University, NY
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA
| | - Martin H. Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
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3
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Meyers JL, McCutcheon VV, Horne-Osipenko KA, Waters LR, Barr P, Chan G, Chorlian DB, Johnson EC, Kuo SIC, Kramer JR, Dick DM, Kuperman S, Kamarajan C, Pandey G, Singman D, de Viteri SSS, Salvatore JE, Bierut LJ, Foroud T, Goate A, Hesselbrock V, Nurnberger J, Plaweck MH, Schuckit MA, Agrawal A, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz KK, Porjesz B. COVID-19 pandemic stressors are associated with reported increases in frequency of drunkenness among individuals with a history of alcohol use disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:311. [PMID: 37803048 PMCID: PMC10558437 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-023-02577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Some sources report increases in alcohol use have been observed since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic, particularly among women. Cross-sectional studies suggest that specific COVID-19-related stressful experiences (e.g., social disconnection) may be driving such increases in the general population. Few studies have explored these topics among individuals with a history of Alcohol Use Disorders (AUD), an especially vulnerable population. Drawing on recent data collected by the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA; COVID-19 study N = 1651, 62% women, age range: 30-91) in conjunction with AUD history data collected on the sample since 1990, we investigated associations of COVID-19 related stressors and coping activities with changes in drunkenness frequency since the start of the pandemic. Analyses were conducted for those without a history of AUD (N: 645) and three groups of participants with a history of AUD prior to the start of the pandemic: (1) those experiencing AUD symptoms (N: 606), (2) those in remission who were drinking (N: 231), and (3) those in remission who were abstinent (had not consumed alcohol for 5+ years; N: 169). Gender-stratified models were also examined. Exploratory analyses examined the moderating effects of 'problematic alcohol use' polygenic risk scores (PRS) and neural connectivity (i.e., posterior interhemispheric alpha EEG coherence) on associations between COVID-19 stressors and coping activities with changes in the frequency of drunkenness. Increases in drunkenness frequency since the start of the pandemic were higher among those with a lifetime AUD diagnosis experiencing symptoms prior to the start of the pandemic (14% reported increased drunkenness) when compared to those without a history of AUD (5% reported increased drunkenness). Among individuals in remission from AUD prior to the start of the pandemic, rates of increased drunkenness were 10% for those who were drinking pre-pandemic and 4% for those who had previously been abstinent. Across all groups, women reported nominally greater increases in drunkenness frequency when compared with men, although only women experiencing pre-pandemic AUD symptoms reported significantly greater rates of increased drunkenness since the start of the pandemic compared to men in this group (17% of women vs. 5% of men). Among those without a prior history of AUD, associations between COVID-19 risk and protective factors with increases in drunkenness frequency were not observed. Among all groups with a history of AUD (including those with AUD symptoms and those remitted from AUD), perceived stress was associated with increases in drunkenness. Among the remitted-abstinent group, essential worker status was associated with increases in drunkenness. Gender differences in these associations were observed: among women in the remitted-abstinent group, essential worker status, perceived stress, media consumption, and decreased social interactions were associated with increases in drunkenness. Among men in the remitted-drinking group, perceived stress was associated with increases in drunkenness, and increased relationship quality was associated with decreases in drunkenness. Exploratory analyses indicated that associations between family illness or death with increases in drunkenness and increased relationship quality with decreases in drunkenness were more pronounced among the remitted-drinking participants with higher PRS. Associations between family illness or death, media consumption, and economic hardships with increases in drunkenness and healthy coping with decreases in drunkenness were more pronounced among the remitted-abstinent group with lower interhemispheric alpha EEG connectivity. Our results demonstrated that only individuals with pre-pandemic AUD symptoms reported greater increases in drunkenness frequency since the start of the COVID-19 pandemic compared to those without a lifetime history of AUD. This increase was more pronounced among women than men in this group. However, COVID-19-related stressors and coping activities were associated with changes in the frequency of drunkenness among all groups of participants with a prior history of AUD, including those experiencing AUD symptoms, as well as abstinent and non-abstinent participants in remission. Perceived stress, essential worker status, media consumption, social connections (especially for women), and relationship quality (especially for men) are specific areas of focus for designing intervention and prevention strategies aimed at reducing pandemic-related alcohol misuse among this particularly vulnerable group. Interestingly, these associations were not observed for individuals without a prior history of AUD, supporting prior literature that demonstrates that widespread stressors (e.g., pandemics, terrorist attacks) disproportionately impact the mental health and alcohol use of those with a prior history of problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Kristina A Horne-Osipenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Lawrence R Waters
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Peter Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Dzov Singman
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Stacey Subbie-Saenz de Viteri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Alison Goate
- Departments of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Neuroscience, and Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Martin H Plaweck
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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4
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Miller AP, Kuo SIC, Johnson EC, Tillman R, Brislin SJ, Dick DM, Kamarajan C, Kinreich S, Kramer J, McCutcheon VV, Plawecki MH, Porjesz B, Schuckit MA, Salvatore JE, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz KK, Meyers JL, Agrawal A. Diagnostic Criteria for Identifying Individuals at High Risk of Progression From Mild or Moderate to Severe Alcohol Use Disorder. JAMA Netw Open 2023; 6:e2337192. [PMID: 37815828 PMCID: PMC10565602 DOI: 10.1001/jamanetworkopen.2023.37192] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Importance Current Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (Fifth Edition) (DSM-5) diagnoses of substance use disorders rely on criterion count-based approaches, disregarding severity grading indexed by individual criteria. Objective To examine correlates of alcohol use disorder (AUD) across count-based severity groups (ie, mild, moderate, mild-to-moderate, severe), identify specific diagnostic criteria indicative of greater severity, and evaluate whether specific criteria within mild-to-moderate AUD differentiate across relevant correlates and manifest in greater hazards of severe AUD development. Design, Setting, and Participants This cohort study involved 2 cohorts from the family-based Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) with 7 sites across the United States: cross-sectional (assessed 1991-2005) and longitudinal (assessed 2004-2019). Statistical analyses were conducted from December 2022 to June 2023. Main Outcomes and Measures Sociodemographic, alcohol-related, psychiatric comorbidity, brain electroencephalography (EEG), and AUD polygenic score measures as correlates of DSM-5 AUD levels (ie, mild, moderate, severe) and criterion severity-defined mild-to-moderate AUD diagnostic groups (ie, low-risk vs high-risk mild-to-moderate). Results A total of 13 110 individuals from the cross-sectional COGA cohort (mean [SD] age, 37.8 [14.2] years) and 2818 individuals from the longitudinal COGA cohort (mean baseline [SD] age, 16.1 [3.2] years) were included. Associations with alcohol-related, psychiatric, EEG, and AUD polygenic score measures reinforced the role of increasing criterion counts as indexing severity. Yet within mild-to-moderate AUD (2-5 criteria), the presence of specific high-risk criteria (eg, withdrawal) identified a group reporting heavier drinking and greater psychiatric comorbidity even after accounting for criterion count differences. In longitudinal analyses, prior mild-to-moderate AUD characterized by endorsement of at least 1 high-risk criterion was associated with more accelerated progression to severe AUD (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR], 11.62; 95% CI, 7.54-17.92) compared with prior mild-to-moderate AUD without endorsement of high-risk criteria (aHR, 5.64; 95% CI, 3.28-9.70), independent of criterion count. Conclusions and Relevance In this cohort study of a combined 15 928 individuals, findings suggested that simple count-based AUD diagnostic approaches to estimating severe AUD vulnerability, which ignore heterogeneity among criteria, may be improved by emphasizing specific high-risk criteria. Such emphasis may allow better focus on individuals at the greatest risk and improve understanding of the development of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex P. Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Sarah J. Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School, San Diego
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Jaquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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5
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Agrawal A, Brislin SJ, Bucholz KK, Dick D, Hart RP, Johnson EC, Meyers J, Salvatore J, Slesinger P, Almasy L, Foroud T, Goate A, Hesselbrock V, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Merikangas AK, Nurnberger JI, Tischfield J, Edenberg HJ, Porjesz B. The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism: Overview. Genes Brain Behav 2023; 22:e12864. [PMID: 37736010 PMCID: PMC10550790 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorders (AUD) are commonly occurring, heritable and polygenic disorders with etiological origins in the brain and the environment. To outline the causes and consequences of alcohol-related milestones, including AUD, and their related psychiatric comorbidities, the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) was launched in 1989 with a gene-brain-behavior framework. COGA is a family based, diverse (~25% self-identified African American, ~52% female) sample, including data on 17,878 individuals, ages 7-97 years, in 2246 families of which a proportion are densely affected for AUD. All participants responded to questionnaires (e.g., personality) and the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) which gathers information on psychiatric diagnoses, conditions and related behaviors (e.g., parental monitoring). In addition, 9871 individuals have brain function data from electroencephalogram (EEG) recordings while 12,009 individuals have been genotyped on genome-wide association study (GWAS) arrays. A series of functional genomics studies examine the specific cellular and molecular mechanisms underlying AUD. This overview provides the framework for the development of COGA as a scientific resource in the past three decades, with individual reviews providing in-depth descriptions of data on and discoveries from behavioral and clinical, brain function, genetic and functional genomics data. The value of COGA also resides in its data sharing policies, its efforts to communicate scientific findings to the broader community via a project website and its potential to nurture early career investigators and to generate independent research that has broadened the impact of gene-brain-behavior research into AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arpana Agrawal
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Sarah J. Brislin
- Department of PsychiatryRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of PsychiatryRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Ronald P. Hart
- Department of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of Medicine in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Jacquelyn Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Jessica Salvatore
- Department of PsychiatryRutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Paul Slesinger
- Department of Neuroscience & Friedman Brain InstituteIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of NeurologyIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Connecticut School of MedicineFarmingtonConnecticutUSA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of Iowa Carver College of MedicineIowa CityIowaUSA
| | - Alison K. Merikangas
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Lifespan Brain Institute, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | | | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of GeneticsRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
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6
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Gameiro‐Ros I, Popova D, Prytkova I, Pang ZP, Liu Y, Dick D, Bucholz KK, Agrawal A, Porjesz B, Goate AM, Xuei X, Kamarajan C, Tischfield JA, Edenberg HJ, Slesinger PA, Hart RP. 5. Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism: Functional genomics. Genes Brain Behav 2023; 22:e12855. [PMID: 37533187 PMCID: PMC10550792 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol Use Disorder is a complex genetic disorder, involving genetic, neural, and environmental factors, and their interactions. The Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) has been investigating these factors and identified putative alcohol use disorder risk genes through genome-wide association studies. In this review, we describe advances made by COGA in elucidating the functional changes induced by alcohol use disorder risk genes using multimodal approaches with human cell lines and brain tissue. These studies involve investigating gene regulation in lymphoblastoid cells from COGA participants and in post-mortem brain tissues. High throughput reporter assays are being used to identify single nucleotide polymorphisms in which alternate alleles differ in driving gene expression. Specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (both coding or noncoding) have been modeled using induced pluripotent stem cells derived from COGA participants to evaluate the effects of genetic variants on transcriptomics, neuronal excitability, synaptic physiology, and the response to ethanol in human neurons from individuals with and without alcohol use disorder. We provide a perspective on future studies, such as using polygenic risk scores and populations of induced pluripotent stem cell-derived neurons to identify signaling pathways related with responses to alcohol. Starting with genes or loci associated with alcohol use disorder, COGA has demonstrated that integration of multimodal data within COGA participants and functional studies can reveal mechanisms linking genomic variants with alcohol use disorder, and potential targets for future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabel Gameiro‐Ros
- Nash Family Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Dina Popova
- Human Genetics Institute of New JerseyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Iya Prytkova
- Nash Family Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Zhiping P. Pang
- Human Genetics Institute of New JerseyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey and Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Yunlong Liu
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University School of MedicineSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Nash Family Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic SciencesIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Xiaoling Xuei
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesSUNY Downstate Health Sciences UniversityBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | | | - Jay A. Tischfield
- Human Genetics Institute of New JerseyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- Department of GeneticsRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana University School of MedicineIndianapolisIndianaUSA
- Department of Medical and Molecular GeneticsIndiana UniversityIndianapolisIndianaUSA
| | - Paul A. Slesinger
- Nash Family Department of NeuroscienceIcahn School of Medicine at Mount SinaiNew YorkNew YorkUSA
| | - Ronald P. Hart
- Human Genetics Institute of New JerseyRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
- Department of Cell Biology and NeuroscienceRutgers UniversityPiscatawayNew JerseyUSA
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7
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Meyers JL, Brislin SJ, Kamarajan C, Plawecki MH, Chorlian D, Anohkin A, Kuperman S, Merikangas A, Pandey G, Kinreich S, Pandey A, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz KK, Almasy L, Porjesz B. The collaborative study on the genetics of alcoholism: Brain function. Genes Brain Behav 2023; 22:e12862. [PMID: 37587903 PMCID: PMC10550791 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol use disorder (AUD) and related health conditions result from a complex interaction of genetic, neural and environmental factors, with differential impacts across the lifespan. From its inception, the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) has focused on the importance of brain function as it relates to the risk and consequences of alcohol use and AUD, through the examination of noninvasively recorded brain electrical activity and neuropsychological tests. COGA's sophisticated neurophysiological and neuropsychological measures, together with rich longitudinal, multi-modal family data, have allowed us to disentangle brain-related risk and resilience factors from the consequences of prolonged and heavy alcohol use in the context of genomic and social-environmental influences over the lifespan. COGA has led the field in identifying genetic variation associated with brain functioning, which has advanced the understanding of how genomic risk affects AUD and related disorders. To date, the COGA study has amassed brain function data on over 9871 participants, 7837 with data at more than one time point, and with notable diversity in terms of age (from 7 to 97), gender (52% female), and self-reported race and ethnicity (28% Black, 9% Hispanic). These data are available to the research community through several mechanisms, including directly through the NIAAA, through dbGAP, and in collaboration with COGA investigators. In this review, we provide an overview of COGA's data collection methods and specific brain function measures assessed, and showcase the utility, significance, and contributions these data have made to our understanding of AUD and related disorders, highlighting COGA research findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Sarah J. Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical SchoolRutgers UniversityNew BrunswickNew JerseyUSA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | | | - David Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Andrey Anohkin
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of PsychiatryUniversity of IowaIowa CityIndianaUSA
| | - Alison Merikangas
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Ashwini Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyIndiana UniversityBloomingtonIndianaUSA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of PsychiatryWashington University in St. LouisSt. LouisMissouriUSA
| | | | - Laura Almasy
- Department of Biomedical and Health InformaticsChildren's Hospital of PhiladelphiaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Penn‐CHOP Lifespan Brain InstituteUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
- Department of Genetics, Perelman School of MedicineUniversity of PennsylvaniaPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral SciencesState University of New York Downstate Medical CenterBrooklynNew YorkUSA
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8
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Saenz de Viteri S, Zhang J, Johnson EC, Barr PB, Edenberg HJ, Hesselbrock VM, Nurnberger JI, Pandey AK, Kamarajan C, Kinreich S, Tischfield JA, Plawecki MH, Kramer JR, Lai D, Kuperman S, Chan G, McCutcheon VV, Bucholz KK, Porjesz B, Meyers JL. Genomic risk for post-traumatic stress disorder in families densely affected with alcohol use disorders. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:3391-3396. [PMID: 37344610 PMCID: PMC10618091 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-023-02117-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023]
Abstract
Recent genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified genetic markers of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in civilian and military populations. However, studies have yet to examine the genetics of PTSD while factoring in risk for alcohol dependence, which commonly co-occur. We examined genome-wide associations for DSM-IV PTSD among 4,978 trauma-exposed participants (31% with alcohol dependence, 50% female, 30% African ancestry) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). We also examined associations of polygenic risk scores (PRS) derived from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium (PGC)-PTSD Freeze 2 (N = 3533) and Million Veterans Program GWAS of PTSD (N = 5200) with PTSD and substance dependence in COGA, and moderating effects of sex and alcohol dependence. 7.3% of COGA participants met criteria for PTSD, with higher rates in females (10.1%) and those with alcohol dependence (12.3%). No independent loci met genome-wide significance in the PTSD meta-analysis of European (EA) and African ancestry (AA) participants. The PGC-PTSD PRS was associated with increased risk for PTSD (B = 0.126, p < 0.001), alcohol dependence (B = 0.231, p < 0.001), and cocaine dependence (B = 0.086, p < 0.01) in EA individuals. A significant interaction was observed, such that EA individuals with alcohol dependence and higher polygenic risk for PTSD were more likely to have PTSD (B = 0.090, p < 0.01) than those without alcohol dependence. These results further support the importance of examining substance dependence, specifically alcohol dependence, and PTSD together when investigating genetic influence on these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jian Zhang
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Peter B Barr
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | | | | | - Ashwini K Pandey
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | | | - John R Kramer
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA
- University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- State University of New York Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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9
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Kamarajan C, Pandey AK, Chorlian DB, Meyers JL, Kinreich S, Pandey G, Subbie-Saenz de Viteri S, Zhang J, Kuang W, Barr PB, Aliev F, Anokhin AP, Plawecki MH, Kuperman S, Almasy L, Merikangas A, Brislin SJ, Bauer L, Hesselbrock V, Chan G, Kramer J, Lai D, Hartz S, Bierut LJ, McCutcheon VV, Bucholz KK, Dick DM, Schuckit MA, Edenberg HJ, Porjesz B. Predicting Alcohol-Related Memory Problems in Older Adults: A Machine Learning Study with Multi-Domain Features. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050427. [PMID: 37232664 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/11/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Memory problems are common among older adults with a history of alcohol use disorder (AUD). Employing a machine learning framework, the current study investigates the use of multi-domain features to classify individuals with and without alcohol-induced memory problems. A group of 94 individuals (ages 50-81 years) with alcohol-induced memory problems (the memory group) were compared with a matched control group who did not have memory problems. The random forests model identified specific features from each domain that contributed to the classification of the memory group vs. the control group (AUC = 88.29%). Specifically, individuals from the memory group manifested a predominant pattern of hyperconnectivity across the default mode network regions except for some connections involving the anterior cingulate cortex, which were predominantly hypoconnected. Other significant contributing features were: (i) polygenic risk scores for AUD, (ii) alcohol consumption and related health consequences during the past five years, such as health problems, past negative experiences, withdrawal symptoms, and the largest number of drinks in a day during the past twelve months, and (iii) elevated neuroticism and increased harm avoidance, and fewer positive "uplift" life events. At the neural systems level, hyperconnectivity across the default mode network regions, including the connections across the hippocampal hub regions, in individuals with memory problems may indicate dysregulation in neural information processing. Overall, the study outlines the importance of utilizing multidomain features, consisting of resting-state brain connectivity data collected ~18 years ago, together with personality, life experiences, polygenic risk, and alcohol consumption and related consequences, to predict the alcohol-related memory problems that arise in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Ashwini K Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Stacey Subbie-Saenz de Viteri
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Peter B Barr
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | | | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Laura Almasy
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Alison Merikangas
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sarah J Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Lance Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Sarah Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, CA 92103, USA
| | | | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY 11203, USA
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10
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Barr PB, Neale Z, Schulman J, Mullins N, Zhang J, Chorlian DB, Kamarajan C, Kinreich S, Pandey AK, Pandey G, de Viteri SS, Acion L, Bauer L, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Chao M, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, Foroud T, Goate A, Hesselbrock V, Johnson EC, Kramer J, Lai D, Plawecki MH, Salvatore JE, Wetherill L, Agrawal A, Porjesz B, Meyers JL. Clinical, genomic, and neurophysiological correlates of lifetime suicide attempts among individuals with alcohol dependence. medRxiv 2023:2023.04.28.23289173. [PMID: 37162915 PMCID: PMC10168504 DOI: 10.1101/2023.04.28.23289173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Research has identified clinical, genomic, and neurophysiological markers associated with suicide attempts (SA) among individuals with psychiatric illness. However, there is limited research among those with an alcohol use disorder, despite their disproportionately higher rates of SA. We examined lifetime SA in 4,068 individuals with DSM-IV alcohol dependence from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (23% lifetime suicide attempt; 53% female; 17% Admixed African American ancestries; mean age: 38). We 1) explored clinical risk factors associated with SA, 2) conducted a genome-wide association study of SA, 3) examined whether individuals with a SA had elevated polygenic scores for comorbid psychiatric conditions (e.g., alcohol use disorders, lifetime suicide attempt, and depression), and 4) explored differences in electroencephalogram neural functional connectivity between those with and without a SA. One gene-based finding emerged, RFX3 (Regulatory Factor X, located on 9p24.2) which had supporting evidence in prior research of SA among individuals with major depression. Only the polygenic score for suicide attempts was associated with reporting a suicide attempt (OR = 1.20, 95% CI = 1.06, 1.37). Lastly, we observed decreased right hemispheric frontal-parietal theta and decreased interhemispheric temporal-parietal alpha electroencephalogram resting-state coherences among those participants who reported a SA relative to those who did not, but differences were small. Overall, individuals with alcohol dependence who report SA appear to experience a variety of severe comorbidities and elevated polygenic risk for SA. Our results demonstrate the need to further investigate suicide attempts in the presence of substance use disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter B. Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY
- Institute for Genomics in Health (IGH), SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Zoe Neale
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY
- Institute for Genomics in Health (IGH), SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | | | - Niamh Mullins
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
- Charles Bronfman Institute for Personalized Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - David B. Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Ashwini K. Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | | | - Laura Acion
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Lance Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Michael Chao
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
- Rutgers Addiction Research Center, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Alison Goate
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Martin H. Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St Louis, MO
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY
- Institute for Genomics in Health (IGH), SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY
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11
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Schuckit MA, Smith TL, Danko G, Bucholz KK, Hesselbrock V, Hesselbrock M, Kuperman S, Kramer J, Nurnberger JI, Lai D, Chan G, Kamarajan C, Kuo S, Dick DM, Tear J, Mendoza LA, Edenberg HJ, Porjesz B. Do personality characteristics predict future alcohol problems after considering current demography, substance use and alcohol response? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2023. [PMID: 37073476 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Several personality traits predict future alcohol problems but also relate to demographic and substance-related variables that themselves correlate with later adverse alcohol outcomes. Few prospective studies have evaluated whether the personality measures predict alcohol problems after considering current demography and substance related variables. METHODS Data from 414 drinkers without alcohol use disorder (AUD) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (average age 20, 44% male) were followed over an average of nine years. Time 1 (baseline) demography, AUD family history (FH), substance use and problems, and psychiatric histories were gathered using a standardized interview, the Level of Response (LR) to alcohol was measured by the Self-Report of the Effects of alcohol (SRE) questionnaire, and seven personality dimensions were extracted from the NEO Five-Factor Personality, Barratt and Zuckerman scales. Analyses involved product-moment correlations of each baseline measure with the highest number of DSM-IV AUD criteria endorsed in any follow-up period, and hierarchical regression analyses evaluated if the personality domains added significantly to the prediction of the outcome after adjusting for other baseline variables. RESULTS Significant correlations to the outcome were observed for baseline age, sex, length of follow-up, AUD family history, past cannabis use, and all alcohol-related baseline variables, including SRE-based Level of Response, but not prior mood or anxiety disorders. All personality characteristics except extraversion also correlated with outcomes. A hierarchical regression analysis that included all relevant personality scores together demonstrated significant contributions to the prediction of future alcohol problems for demography in Step 1, demography and most baseline alcohol items, including response level, in Step 2, and cannabis use in Step 3, after which demography, Level of Response, baseline alcohol problems, cannabis use, and higher sensation seeking added significantly in Step 4. Regression for each personality domain separately revealed significant contributions to Step 4 for all personality domains except openness. CONCLUSIONS Most tested personality scores contributed to predictions of later alcohol problems even after considering baseline demography and substance use. Lower Levels of Response to alcohol added significantly to all regression analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc A Schuckit
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA
| | - Tom L Smith
- University of California, San Diego, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA
| | - George Danko
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Washington Univ. School of Medicine, Psychiatry, 4560 Clayton Ave. Suite 1000, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- University of Connecticut, Department of Psychiatry, 263 Farmington Ave. MC-2103, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michie Hesselbrock
- University of Connecticut, Department of Psychiatry, 263 Farmington Ave. MC-2013, Farmington, CT
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- The University of Iowa, Child Psychiatry Clinic, UIHC Department of Psychiatry, 200 Hawkins Drive RM#2701-C JPP, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John Kramer
- University of Iowa, Psychiatry, Medical Education Building, Iowa City, IA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry, 791 Union Drive, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Indiana University School of Medicine, 410 W. 10th. St. Indianapolis, IN
| | - Grace Chan
- University of Connecticut Health Center, Department of Psychiatry, 263 Farmington Ave, MC 2103, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, 450 Clarkson Ave, Box 1203, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Sally Kuo
- Virginia Commonwealth University, VCU Psychology, 8 N. Harrison Street, Richmond, VA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Psychiatry, 671 Hoes Lane, Piscataway, New, Jersey
| | - Jake Tear
- University of California, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA
| | - Lee A Mendoza
- University of California, San Diego, Department of Psychiatry, 8950 Villa La Jolla Drive. Suite B-218, La Jolla, CA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Dept. of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, 635 Barnhill Drive, MS4063, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- State University of New York, Downstate, Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, 450 Clarkson Avenue Box 1203, Brooklyn, NY, UNITED STATES
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12
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Kuo SIC, Thomas NS, Aliev F, Bucholz KK, Dick DM, McCutcheon VV, Meyers JL, Chan G, Kamarajan C, Kramer JR, Hesselbrock V, Plawecki MH, Porjesz B, Tischfield J, Salvatore JE. Association of parental divorce, discord, and polygenic risk with children's alcohol initiation and lifetime risk for alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken) 2023; 47:724-735. [PMID: 36807915 PMCID: PMC10149624 DOI: 10.1111/acer.15042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parental divorce and discord are associated with poorer alcohol-related outcomes for offspring. However, not all children exposed to these stressors develop alcohol problems. Our objective was to test gene-by-environment interaction effects whereby children's genetic risk for alcohol problems modifies the effects of parental divorce and discord to predict alcohol outcomes. METHODS The sample included European (EA; N = 5608, 47% male, Mage ~ 36 years) and African (AA; N = 1714, 46% female, Mage ~ 33 years) ancestry participants from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Outcomes included age at initiation of regular drinking and lifetime DSM-5 alcohol use disorder (AUD). Predictors included parental divorce, parental relationship discord, and offspring alcohol problems polygenic risk scores (PRSALC ). Mixed effects Cox proportional hazard models were used to examine alcohol initiation and generalized linear mixed effects models were used to examine lifetime AUD. Tests of PRS moderation of the effects of parental divorce/relationship discord on alcohol outcomes were examined on multiplicative and additive scales. RESULTS Among EA participants, parental divorce, parental discord, and higher PRSALC were associated with earlier alcohol initiation and greater lifetime AUD risk. Among AA participants, parental divorce was associated with earlier alcohol initiation and discord was associated with earlier initiation and AUD. PRSALC was not associated with either. Parental divorce/discord and PRSALC interacted on an additive scale in the EA sample, but no interactions were found in AA participants. CONCLUSIONS Children's genetic risk for alcohol problems modifies the impact of parental divorce/discord, consistent with an additive model of diathesis-stress interaction, with some differences across ancestry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Nathaniel S. Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - John R. Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Martin H. Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
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13
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Thomas NS, Salvatore JE, Kuo SIC, Aliev F, McCutcheon VV, Meyers JM, Bucholz KK, Brislin SJ, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, Kamarajan C, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Pandey G, Plawecki MH, Schuckit MA, Dick DM. Genetic nurture effects for alcohol use disorder. Mol Psychiatry 2023; 28:759-766. [PMID: 36253439 PMCID: PMC10079179 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-022-01816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
We tested whether aspects of the childhood/adolescent home environment mediate genetic risk for alcohol problems within families across generations. Parental relationship discord and parental divorce were the focal environments examined. The sample included participants of European ancestry (N = 4806, 51% female) and African ancestry (N = 1960, 52% female) from the high-risk Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Alcohol outcomes in the child generation included lifetime criterion counts for DSM-5 Alcohol Use Disorder (AUD), lifetime maximum drinks in 24 h, age at initiation of regular drinking, and age at first alcohol intoxication. Predictors in the parent generation included relationship discord, divorce, alcohol measures parallel to those in the child generation, and polygenic scores for alcohol problems. Parental polygenic scores were partitioned into alleles that were transmitted and non-transmitted to the child. The results from structural equation models were consistent with genetic nurture effects in European ancestry families. Exposure to parental relationship discord and parental divorce mediated, in part, the transmission of genetic risk for alcohol problems from parents to children to predict earlier ages regular drinking (βindirect = -0.018 [-0.026, -0.011]) and intoxication (βindirect = -0.015 [-0.023, -0.008]), greater lifetime maximum drinks (βindirect = 0.006 [0.002, 0.01]) and more lifetime AUD criteria (βindirect = 0.011 [0.006, 0.016]). In contrast, there was no evidence that parental alleles had indirect effects on offspring alcohol outcomes via parental relationship discord or divorce in the smaller number of families of African ancestry. In conclusion, parents transmit genetic risk for alcohol problems to their children not only directly, but also indirectly via genetically influenced aspects of the home environment. Further investigation of genetic nurture in non-European samples is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathaniel S Thomas
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA.
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jacquelyn M Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sarah J Brislin
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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14
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Colbert SMC, Mullins N, Chan G, Meyers JL, Schulman J, Kuperman S, Lai D, Nurnberger J, Plawecki MH, Kamarajan C, Anokhin AP, Bucholz KK, Hesselbrock V, Edenberg HJ, Kramer J, Dick DM, Porjesz B, Agrawal A, Johnson EC. Polygenic Contributions to Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors in a Sample Ascertained for Alcohol Use Disorders. Complex Psychiatry 2023; 9:11-23. [PMID: 38058956 PMCID: PMC10697665 DOI: 10.1159/000529164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Suicidal thoughts and behaviors have partially distinct genetic etiologies. Methods We used PRS-CS to create polygenic risk scores (PRSs) from GWAS of non-suicidal self-injury, broad-sense self-harm ideation, nonfatal suicide attempt, death by suicide, and depression. Using mixed-effect models, we estimated whether these PRSs were associated with a range of suicidal thoughts and behaviors in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (N = 7,526). Results All PRSs were significantly associated with suicidal ideation and suicide attempt (betas = 0.08-0.44, false discovery rate [FDR] <0.023). All PRSs except non-suicidal self-injury PRS were associated with active suicidal ideation (betas = 0.14-0.22, FDR <0.003). Several associations remained significant in models where all significant PRSs were included as simultaneous predictors, and when all PRSs predicted suicide attempt, the PRS together explained 6.2% of the variance in suicide attempt. Significant associations were also observed between some PRSs and persistent suicidal ideation, non-suicidal self-injury, compounded suicide attempt, and desire to die. Conclusion Our findings suggest that PRS for depression does not explain the entirety of the variance in suicidal thoughts and behaviors, with PRS specifically for suicidal thoughts and behaviors making additional and sometimes unique contributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M C Colbert
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Niamh Mullins
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jessica Schulman
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - John Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Mount Sinai Clinical Intelligence Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Stark Neurosciences Research Institute, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington, CT, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Rutgers Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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15
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Pandey G, Kuo SIC, Horne-Osipenko KA, Pandey AK, Kamarajan C, de Viteri SS, Kinreich S, Chorlian DB, Kuang W, Stephenson M, Kramer J, Anokhin A, Zang Y, Kuperman S, Hesselbrock V, Schuckit M, Dick D, Chan G, McCutcheon VV, Edenberg H, Bucholz KK, Meyers JL, Porjesz B. Associations of parent-adolescent closeness with P3 amplitude, frontal theta, and binge drinking among offspring with high risk for alcohol use disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res (Hoboken) 2023; 47:155-167. [PMID: 36680783 PMCID: PMC10910630 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents impact their offspring's brain development, neurocognitive function, risk, and resilience for alcohol use disorder (AUD) via both genetic and socio-environmental factors. Individuals with AUD and their unaffected children manifest low parietal P3 amplitude and low frontal theta (FT) power, reflecting heritable neurocognitive deficits associated with AUD. Likewise, children who experience poor parenting tend to have atypical brain development and greater rates of alcohol problems. Conversely, positive parenting can be protective and critical for normative development of self-regulation, neurocognitive functioning and the neurobiological systems subserving them. Yet, the role of positive parenting in resiliency toward AUD is understudied and its association with neurocognitive functioning and behavioral vulnerability to AUD among high-risk offspring is less known. Using data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism prospective cohort (N = 1256, mean age [SD] = 19.25 [1.88]), we investigated the associations of closeness with mother and father during adolescence with offspring P3 amplitude, FT power, and binge drinking among high-risk offspring. METHODS Self-reported closeness with mother and father between ages 12 and 17 and binge drinking were assessed using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism. P3 amplitude and FT power were assessed in response to target stimuli using a Visual Oddball Task. RESULTS Multivariate multiple regression analyses showed that closeness with father was associated with larger P3 amplitude (p = 0.002) and higher FT power (p = 0.01). Closeness with mother was associated with less binge drinking (p = 0.003). Among male offspring, closeness with father was associated with larger P3 amplitude, but among female offspring, closeness with mother was associated with less binge drinking. These associations remained statistically significant with father's and mothers' AUD symptoms, socioeconomic status, and offspring impulsivity in the model. CONCLUSIONS Among high-risk offspring, closeness with parents during adolescence may promote resilience for developing AUD and related neurocognitive deficits albeit with important sex differences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Kristina A. Horne-Osipenko
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Ashwini K. Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Stacey Saenz de Viteri
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - David B. Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Mallory Stephenson
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Andrey Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yong Zang
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Medicine, Indiana University, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Danielle Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Howard Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York, Downstate Health Sciences University, New York, Brooklyn, USA
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16
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Kuo SIC, Poore HE, Barr PB, Chirico IS, Aliev F, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Kamarajan C, Kramer JR, McCutcheon VV, Plawecki MH, Dick DM. The role of parental genotype in the intergenerational transmission of externalizing behavior: Evidence for genetic nurturance. Dev Psychopathol 2022; 34:1-11. [PMID: 36200344 PMCID: PMC10076450 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579422000700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine possible pathways by which genetic risk associated with externalizing is transmitted in families. We used molecular data to disentangle the genetic and environmental pathways contributing to adolescent externalizing behavior in a sample of 1,111 adolescents (50% female; 719 European and 392 African ancestry) and their parents from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. We found evidence for genetic nurture such that parental externalizing polygenic scores were associated with adolescent externalizing behavior, over and above the effect of adolescents' own externalizing polygenic scores. Mediation analysis indicated that parental externalizing psychopathology partly explained the effect of parental genotype on children's externalizing behavior. We also found evidence for evocative gene-environment correlation, whereby adolescent externalizing polygenic scores were associated with lower parent-child communication, less parent-child closeness, and lower parental knowledge, controlling for parental genotype. These effects were observed among participants of European ancestry but not African ancestry, likely due to the limited predictive power of polygenic scores across ancestral background. These results demonstrate that in addition to genetic transmission, genes influence offspring behavior through the influence of parental genotypes on their children's environmental experiences, and the role of children's genotypes in shaping parent-child relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Holly E Poore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Peter B Barr
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
- VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
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17
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Thomas NS, Kuo SIC, Aliev F, McCutcheon VV, Meyers JM, Chan G, Hesselbrock V, Kamarajan C, Kinreich S, Kramer JR, Kuperman S, Lai D, Plawecki MH, Porjesz B, Schuckit MA, Dick DM, Bucholz KK, Salvatore JE. Alcohol use disorder, psychiatric comorbidities, marriage and divorce in a high-risk sample. Psychol Addict Behav 2022; 36:364-374. [PMID: 35617219 PMCID: PMC9247836 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine associations between alcohol use disorder (AUD), its psychiatric comorbidities, and their interactions, with marital outcomes in a diverse high-risk, genetically informative sample. METHOD Participants included European ancestry (EA; n = 4,045) and African ancestry (AA; n = 1,550) individuals from the multigenerational Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) sample (56% female, Mage ∼ 41 years). Outcomes were lifetime marriage and divorce. Predictors included lifetime AUD, an alcohol problems polygenic score (PRS), and AUD comorbidities, including conduct or antisocial personality disorder (ASP), cannabis dependence/abuse (CAN), frequent tobacco use (TOB), and major depressive disorder (MDD). Mixed effect Cox models and generalized linear mixed effects models were fit. RESULTS Among EA participants, those with AUD and CAN were less likely to marry (hazard ratios [HRs] 0.70-0.83, ps < 0.01). Among AA participants, those with AUD and TOB were less likely to marry (HRs 0.66-0.82, ps < 0.05) and those with MDD were more likely to marry (HR = 1.34, ps < 0.01). Among EA participants, AUD, CAN, TOB, and MDD were associated with higher odds of divorce (odds ratios [ORs] 1.59-2.21, ps < 0.01). Among AA participants, no predictors were significantly associated with divorce. Significant random effects indicated genetic and environmental influences on marriage, but only environmental factors on divorce. CONCLUSIONS In a high-risk sample, AUD was associated with reduced likelihood of marriage in EA and AA individuals and increased risk of divorce in EA individuals. These associations were largely independent of comorbidities. Genetic and environmental background factors contributed to marriage, while only environmental background factors contributed to divorce. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Jacquelyn M. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine
| | | | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
| | | | | | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University
| | | | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego Medical School
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
| | | | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychiatry, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University
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18
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Francis MW, Bourdon JL, Chan G, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, Kamarajan C, Kinreich S, Kramer J, I-Chun Kuo S, Pandey AK, Pandey G, Smith RL, Bucholz KK, McCutcheon VV. Deriving a Measure of Social Recovery Capital From the Important People and Activities Instrument: Construction and Psychometric Properties. Alcohol Alcohol 2022; 57:322-329. [PMID: 35356964 PMCID: PMC9086804 DOI: 10.1093/alcalc/agac014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study presents a measure of Social Recovery Capital (SRC) derived from the Important People and Activities instrument (IPA). METHODS The sample comprised young adults who participated in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism, a high-risk family study of alcohol use disorder (N = 2472). Exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis identified influential items and factor structure, adjusting for family relatedness. The final scale was tested for reliability and validity. RESULTS Factor analysis retained 10 items loading on three factors (Network Abstinence Behaviors, Basic Network Structure and Network Importance) that together explained 42% of the variance in SRC. The total model showed adequate fit (Comparative Fit Index = 0.95; Tucker Lewis Index = 0.93; Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.06; Standardized Root Mean Squared Residual = 0.05) and acceptable reliability (α = 0.60; McDonald's ω = 0.73) and correlated with validation measures mostly in the weak to moderate range. Due to variable factor scores for reliability and validity, we only recommend using the total score. CONCLUSION The SRC-IPA is a novel measure of SRC derived from the IPA that captures social network data and has applications in research and clinical work. Secondary data analyses using the SRC-IPA in studies that collected the IPA can further demonstrate the interaction of SRC with a wide variety of clinical indicators and demographic characteristics, making it a valuable addition to other measures of SRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meredith W Francis
- Washington University in St. Louis, Brown School of Social Work, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jessica L Bourdon
- Wellbridge Addiction Treatment and Research, Center for Addiction Science, Calverton, NY, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- University of Connecticut, Department of Psychiatry, Farmington, CT, USA
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychiatry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - Chella Kamarajan
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Department of Psychiatry, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Department of Psychiatry, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John Kramer
- University of Iowa, Department of Psychiatry, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ashwini K Pandey
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Department of Psychiatry, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Department of Psychiatry, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Rebecca L Smith
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Department of Psychology, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Washington University in St. Louis, Department of Psychiatry, St. Louis, MO, USA
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19
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Ahuja M, Haeny AM, Sartor CE, Bucholz KK. Perceived racial and social class discrimination and cannabis involvement among Black youth and young adults. Drug Alcohol Depend 2022; 232:109304. [PMID: 35124388 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2022.109304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current study examines the association of perceived racial and social class discrimination with cannabis involvement among Black youth and young adults. METHODS This secondary analysis used data from the Missouri Family Study (MOFAM), a high-risk longitudinal family study of alcohol use disorder, oversampled for Black families. Offspring (n = 806) and their mothers were interviewed by telephone. Cox proportional hazards regression analyzes were used to examine associations of racial and social class discrimination (experienced by offspring and their mothers) with offspring cannabis involvement. Two stages of cannabis involvement were analyzed: timing of 1) initiation and 2) transition from initiation to first cannabis use disorder (CUD) symptom. RESULTS The study found that offspring report of experiencing racial (HR: 1.28, CI: 1.01-1.62) and social class discrimination (HR: 1.45, CI: 1.14-1.84) were associated with cannabis initiation in our fully adjusted model. Mothers' report of discrimination predicted a lower hazard of cannabis initiation among offspring (HR: 0.79, CI: 0.64-0.98). Offspring social class discrimination (HR: 2.45, CI: 1.71-3.51) predicted an increased hazard of transition from initiation to first CUD symptom, while offspring racial discrimination (HR: 0.57, CI: 0.39-0.85) was associated with lower hazard of transition in our fully adjusted model. CONCLUSIONS As rates for cannabis use among Black youth are disproportionately rising, there is a critical need to identify pathways to its use among Black youth. These findings suggest racial and social class discrimination may be important targets in efforts to prevent cannabis involvement among Black youth and emerging adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Ahuja
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN, United States.
| | - Angela M Haeny
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States
| | - Carolyn E Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, United States; Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, United States
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20
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Ahuja M, Werner KB, Cunningham-Williams RM, Bucholz KK. Racial Associations Between Gambling and Suicidal Behaviors Among Black and White Adolescents and Young Adults. Curr Addict Rep 2022; 8:246-254. [PMID: 35223370 DOI: 10.1007/s40429-021-00374-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Purpose of Review Suicide is the second leading cause of death among Black youth ages 10-19 years. Between 1991 and 2017, rates of suicide among Black youth have been increasing faster than rates among any other race/ethnic group. There are many factors that may explain this increase, with gambling being suggested as one such potential risk factor. This review examines the association between gambling and suicide behaviors, and how these associations may vary between Black and White youth and young adults. The current review examines these associations using data from the Missouri Family Study (MOFAM). Recent Findings Recent findings have revealed distinct patterns of substance use initiation and gambling behaviors between Black youth and White youth. While strong links between gambling and suicide behaviors have also been reported, whether the associations were consistent across race/ethnicity groups was not investigated, nor in these cross-sectional analyses was it possible to determine whether the gambling behaviors preceded or followed suicidality. Thus, there is a need to investigate whether there are differences in the associations of gambling and suicide behaviors at the race/ethnicity level in tandem with data that examine the sequence of the behaviors. The current report focuses on racial/ethnic differences using data that allow for sequencing the occurrence of the behaviors via the age of first gambling experience, and of first suicidal symptom, to better distinguish the nature of the association. Summary The current findings revealed that gambling initiation predicted suicide ideation among Black youth, while no significant association was found among White youth. This is of major public health concern, given the rising rates of suicide among Black youth, and the increased availability of gambling. The report did not find a link between gambling and suicide attempts. Culturally tailored interventions should be considered among schools, families, and clinicians/providers, to highlight the risk of adolescent gambling, particularly among Black youth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Ahuja
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, TN 37604, USA
| | - Kimberly B Werner
- College of Nursing, University of Missouri at St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
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21
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Wang Y, Liu Y, Waldron M, Houston-Ludlam AN, McCutcheon VV, Lynskey MT, Madden PAF, Bucholz KK, Heath AC, Lian M. Temporal trends in smoking and nicotine dependence in relation to co-occurring substance use in the United States, 2005-2016. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 226:108903. [PMID: 34304125 PMCID: PMC8878578 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2021] [Revised: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite an overall decline in tobacco use in the United States, secular trends of smoking and nicotine dependence with co-occurring substance use are not well characterized. METHODS We examined self-reported tobacco and other substance use in 22,245 participants age 21-59 in the United States from six waves of the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). Using Joinpoint regression, we assessed secular trends of smoking and nicotine dependence as a function of co-occurring use of alcohol, prescription opioids, marijuana/hashish, cocaine/heroin/methamphetamine, or other injection drug use. Multivariable logistic regressions were fitted to identify the potential risk factors. RESULTS During 2005-2016, the prevalence of current smoking decreased (without co-occurring substance use: 17.0 %-12.7 %; with co-occurring use of one substance: 35.3 % to 24.6 %; with co-occurring use of two or more substances: 53.8 %-42.2 %), and moderate-to-severe nicotine dependence decreased as well (8.0 %-4.2 %, 16.0 %-8.8 %, and 23.9 %-15.7 %, respectively). Smoking and nicotine dependence were more likely in those with co-occurring use of one substance (current smoking: odds ratio [OR] = 2.22, 95 % confidence interval [CI] = 2.01-2.45); nicotine dependence: OR = 1.88, 95 % CI = 1.63-2.17) and in those with co-occurring use of two or more substances (current smoking: OR = 5.25, 95 % CI = 4.63-5.95; nicotine dependence: OR = 3.24, 95 % CI = 2.72-3.87). CONCLUSIONS Co-occurring substance use was associated with smaller reductions in tobacco use, over time, and with increased odds of nicotine dependence. This suggests that co-occurring substance users should be regarded as a tobacco-related disparity group and prioritized for tobacco control interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Wang
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;,Current Institution: Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, California
| | - Ying Liu
- Division of Public Health Sciences, Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;,Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mary Waldron
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, School of Education, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana;,Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | | | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Michael T. Lynskey
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience, King’s College, London, UK
| | - Pamela A. F. Madden
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;,Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;,Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri;,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Min Lian
- Division of General Medical Sciences, Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States; Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States.
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22
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Kuo SIC, Salvatore JE, Barr PB, Aliev F, Anokhin A, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Edenberg HJ, Hesselbrock V, Kamarajan C, Kramer JR, Lai D, Mallard TT, Nurnberger JI, Pandey G, Plawecki MH, Sanchez-Roige S, Waldman I, Palmer AA, Dick DM. Mapping Pathways by Which Genetic Risk Influences Adolescent Externalizing Behavior: The Interplay Between Externalizing Polygenic Risk Scores, Parental Knowledge, and Peer Substance Use. Behav Genet 2021; 51:543-558. [PMID: 34117972 PMCID: PMC8403154 DOI: 10.1007/s10519-021-10067-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Genetic predispositions and environmental influences both play an important role in adolescent externalizing behavior; however, they are not always independent. To elucidate gene-environment interplay, we examined the interrelationships between externalizing polygenic risk scores, parental knowledge, and peer substance use in impacting adolescent externalizing behavior across two time-points in a high-risk longitudinal sample of 1,200 adolescents (764 European and 436 African ancestry; Mage = 12.99) from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Results from multivariate path analysis indicated that externalizing polygenic scores were directly associated with adolescent externalizing behavior but also indirectly via peer substance use, in the European ancestry sample. No significant polygenic association nor indirect effects of genetic risk were observed in the African ancestry group, likely due to more limited power. Our findings underscore the importance of gene-environment interplay and suggest peer substance use may be a mechanism through which genetic risk influences adolescent externalizing behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, 806 W Franklin St, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA.
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, 806 W Franklin St, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Peter B Barr
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, 806 W Franklin St, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, 806 W Franklin St, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
| | - Andrey Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John R Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Travis T Mallard
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Irwin Waldman
- Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Institute of Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Box 842018, 806 W Franklin St, Richmond, VA, 23284, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
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23
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Johnson EC, Aliev F, Meyers JL, Salvatore JE, Tillman R, Chang Y, Docherty AR, Bogdan R, Acion L, Chan G, Chorlian DB, Kamarajan C, Kuperman S, Pandey A, Plawecki MH, Schuckit M, Tischfield J, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz KK, Nurnberger JI, Porjesz B, Hesselbrock V, Dick DM, Kramer JR, Agrawal A. Associations between Suicidal Thoughts and Behaviors and Genetic Liability for Cognitive Performance, Depression, and Risk-Taking in a High-Risk Sample. Complex Psychiatry 2021; 7:34-44. [PMID: 35592092 PMCID: PMC8443930 DOI: 10.1159/000517169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Suicidal thoughts and behaviors (STBs) and nonsuicidal self-injury (NSSI) behaviors are moderately heritable and may reflect an underlying predisposition to depression, impulsivity, and cognitive vulnerabilities to varying degrees. Objectives We aimed to estimate the degrees of association between genetic liability to depression, impulsivity, and cognitive performance and STBs and NSSI in a high-risk sample. Methods We used data on 7,482 individuals of European ancestry and 3,359 individuals of African ancestry from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism to examine the links between polygenic scores (PGSs) for depression, impulsivity/risk-taking, and cognitive performance with 3 self-reported indices of STBs (suicidal ideation, persistent suicidal ideation defined as ideation occurring on at least 7 consecutive days, and suicide attempt) and with NSSI. Results The PGS for depression was significantly associated with all 4 primary self-harm measures, explaining 0.6-2.5% of the variance. The PGS for risk-taking behaviors was also associated with all 4 self-harm behaviors in baseline models, but was no longer associated after controlling for a lifetime measure of DSM-IV alcohol dependence and abuse symptom counts. Polygenic predisposition for cognitive performance was negatively associated with suicide attempts (q = 3.8e-4) but was not significantly associated with suicidal ideation nor NSSI. We did not find any significant associations in the African ancestry subset, likely due to smaller sample sizes. Conclusions Our results encourage the study of STB as transdiagnostic outcomes that show genetic overlap with a range of risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - Rebecca Tillman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Yoonhoo Chang
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City, Utah, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Laura Acion
- Calculus Institute, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - David B. Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Ashwini Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Martin H. Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California, USA
| | - Jay Tischfield
- Department of Genetics, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, New York, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia, USA
| | - John R. Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri, USA
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Sartor CE, Haeny AM, Ahuja M, Bucholz KK. Social class discrimination as a predictor of first cigarette use and transition to nicotine use disorder in Black and White youth. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2021; 56:981-992. [PMID: 33386872 PMCID: PMC8453663 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01984-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To characterize the association of social class discrimination with the timing of first cigarette use and progression to DSM-IV nicotine dependence (ND) in Black and White youth, examining variation by race, parent vs. youth experiences of discrimination, socioeconomic status (SES), and stage of smoking. METHODS Data were drawn from 1461 youth (55.2% Black, 44.8% White; 50.2% female) and mothers in a high-risk family study of alcohol use disorder and related conditions. Cox proportional hazard regression analyses were conducted, using youth's and mother's social class discrimination to predict first cigarette use and progression to ND, stratifying by race. Interactions between discrimination and SES indicators (parental education and household income) were tested. Adjusted models included psychiatric covariates. RESULTS In the adjusted first cigarette use models, neither youth's nor mother's social class discrimination was a significant predictor among Black youth, but mother's discrimination was associated with increased risk [HR = 1.53 (1.18-1.99)] among White youth. In the adjusted ND models, mother's discrimination was associated with reduced ND risk for Black youth in middle-income families [HR = 0.29 (CI 0.13-0.63)], but neither youth's nor mother's discrimination predicted transition to ND among White youth. CONCLUSIONS The observed race and smoking stage-specific effects suggest that social class discrimination is more impactful on early stages of smoking for White youth and later stages for Black youth. The robustness of links with mother's discrimination experiences further suggests the importance of considering family-level effects and the need to explore possible mechanisms, such as socialization processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63116, USA.
| | - Angela M Haeny
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA
| | - Manik Ahuja
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy, East Tennessee State University, College of Public Health, J1276 Gilbreath Drive, Johnson City, TN, 37614, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63116, USA
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25
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Johnson EC, Sanchez-Roige S, Acion L, Adams MJ, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Chao MJ, Chorlian DB, Dick DM, Edenberg HJ, Foroud T, Hayward C, Heron J, Hesselbrock V, Hickman M, Kendler KS, Kinreich S, Kramer J, Kuo SIC, Kuperman S, Lai D, McIntosh AM, Meyers JL, Plawecki MH, Porjesz B, Porteous D, Schuckit MA, Su J, Zang Y, Palmer AA, Agrawal A, Clarke TK, Edwards AC. Polygenic contributions to alcohol use and alcohol use disorders across population-based and clinically ascertained samples. Psychol Med 2021; 51:1147-1156. [PMID: 31955720 PMCID: PMC7405725 DOI: 10.1017/s0033291719004045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies suggest that alcohol consumption and alcohol use disorders have distinct genetic backgrounds. METHODS We examined whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) for consumption and problem subscales of the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT-C, AUDIT-P) in the UK Biobank (UKB; N = 121 630) correlate with alcohol outcomes in four independent samples: an ascertained cohort, the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA; N = 6850), and population-based cohorts: Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC; N = 5911), Generation Scotland (GS; N = 17 461), and an independent subset of UKB (N = 245 947). Regression models and survival analyses tested whether the PRS were associated with the alcohol-related outcomes. RESULTS In COGA, AUDIT-P PRS was associated with alcohol dependence, AUD symptom count, maximum drinks (R2 = 0.47-0.68%, p = 2.0 × 10-8-1.0 × 10-10), and increased likelihood of onset of alcohol dependence (hazard ratio = 1.15, p = 4.7 × 10-8); AUDIT-C PRS was not an independent predictor of any phenotype. In ALSPAC, the AUDIT-C PRS was associated with alcohol dependence (R2 = 0.96%, p = 4.8 × 10-6). In GS, AUDIT-C PRS was a better predictor of weekly alcohol use (R2 = 0.27%, p = 5.5 × 10-11), while AUDIT-P PRS was more associated with problem drinking (R2 = 0.40%, p = 9.0 × 10-7). Lastly, AUDIT-P PRS was associated with ICD-based alcohol-related disorders in the UKB subset (R2 = 0.18%, p < 2.0 × 10-16). CONCLUSIONS AUDIT-P PRS was associated with a range of alcohol-related phenotypes across population-based and ascertained cohorts, while AUDIT-C PRS showed less utility in the ascertained cohort. We show that AUDIT-P is genetically correlated with both use and misuse and demonstrate the influence of ascertainment schemes on PRS analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Laura Acion
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Michael J Chao
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Department of Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Jon Heron
- University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Matthew Hickman
- University of Bristol, Bristol Medical School, Population Health Sciences, Bristol, UK
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Sally I-Chun Kuo
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa, Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Martin H Plawecki
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, Suny Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David Porteous
- University of Edinburgh, Institute of Genetics & Molecular Medicine, Centre for Genomic and Experimental Medicine, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Jinni Su
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Yong Zang
- Department of Biostatistics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Bloomington, IN, USA
| | - Abraham A Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
- University of California San Diego, Institute for Genomic Medicine, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Alexis C Edwards
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University School of Medicine, Richmond, VA, USA
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26
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McCutcheon VV, Bucholz KK, Houston-Ludlam AN, Waldron M, Heath AC. Timing of mortality in mothers with recurrent convictions for driving under the influence of alcohol and their children, from childbirth to child age 17. Drug Alcohol Depend 2021; 221:108620. [PMID: 33639571 PMCID: PMC8772583 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2021.108620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We tested variation in the timing of child and maternal mortality associated with severe maternal AUD, as represented by recurrent arrests for driving under the influence of alcohol (rDUI). METHODS rDUI mothers (N = 1614) and Controls with no alcohol-related driving offenses (N = 109,928) who gave birth in Missouri from 2000 to 2004 were identified using vital records. Propensity score matching adjusted for birth record measures including delayed prenatal care, smoking during pregnancy, relationship with reproductive partner [married/unmarried, paternity acknowledged/unacknowledged], partner DUI status from driving records, and for socioeconomic characteristics of maternal residential census tract at birth derived from census data. Survival analysis was used to test months from childbirth to child or maternal death as a function of lifetime rDUI status. RESULTS Maternal rDUIs were associated with a consistently elevated probability of child mortality from birth through child age 17 after propensity score-adjustment (Hazard Ratio [HR] = 1.70, 95 % CI = 1.17-2.47). Maternal mortality was not elevated, relative to Controls, until child age 6-11 (HR = 1.58, 95 % CI = 1.05-2.35) and increased again from child age 12-17 (HR = 4.12, 95 % CI = 3.04-5.86). CONCLUSIONS Severe maternal AUD, as characterized by rDUI, increases the risk for child mortality over that of Controls through age 17. Delays in rDUI maternal mortality until child age 6 may indicate a period when maternal referral for intervention to reduce harm to child and mother is likely to be especially effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Alexandra N. Houston-Ludlam
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110,Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri,Human and Statistical Genetics, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Mary Waldron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110,Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, School of Education, Bloomington, Indiana University, Indiana
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110
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27
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Kinreich S, McCutcheon VV, Aliev F, Meyers JL, Kamarajan C, Pandey AK, Chorlian DB, Zhang J, Kuang W, Pandey G, Viteri SSSD, Francis MW, Chan G, Bourdon JL, Dick DM, Anokhin AP, Bauer L, Hesselbrock V, Schuckit MA, Nurnberger JI, Foroud TM, Salvatore JE, Bucholz KK, Porjesz B. Predicting alcohol use disorder remission: a longitudinal multimodal multi-featured machine learning approach. Transl Psychiatry 2021; 11:166. [PMID: 33723218 PMCID: PMC7960734 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-021-01281-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Predictive models for recovering from alcohol use disorder (AUD) and identifying related predisposition biomarkers can have a tremendous impact on addiction treatment outcomes and cost reduction. Our sample (N = 1376) included individuals of European (EA) and African (AA) ancestry from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) who were initially assessed as having AUD (DSM-5) and reassessed years later as either having AUD or in remission. To predict this difference in AUD recovery status, we analyzed the initial data using multimodal, multi-features machine learning applications including EEG source-level functional brain connectivity, Polygenic Risk Scores (PRS), medications, and demographic information. Sex and ancestry age-matched stratified analyses were performed with supervised linear Support Vector Machine application and were calculated twice, once when the ancestry was defined by self-report and once defined by genetic data. Multifeatured prediction models achieved higher accuracy scores than models based on a single domain and higher scores in male models when the ancestry was based on genetic data. The AA male group model with PRS, EEG functional connectivity, marital and employment status features achieved the highest accuracy of 86.04%. Several discriminative features were identified, including collections of PRS related to neuroticism, depression, aggression, years of education, and alcohol consumption phenotypes. Other discriminated features included being married, employed, medication, lower default mode network and fusiform connectivity, and higher insula connectivity. Results highlight the importance of increasing genetic homogeneity of analyzed groups, identifying sex, and ancestry-specific features to increase prediction scores revealing biomarkers related to AUD remission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sivan Kinreich
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA.
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Ashwini K Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - David B Chorlian
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Weipeng Kuang
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Gayathri Pandey
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | | | - Meredith W Francis
- Brown School of Social Work / Department of Psychiatry, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Jessica L Bourdon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Andrey P Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Lance Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Diego School of Medicine, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Departments of Psychiatry and Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics at Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jessica E Salvatore
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine in St Louis, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
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28
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Bender AK, Meyers JL, di Viteri SSS, Schuckit M, Chan G, Acion L, Kamarajan C, Kramer J, Anohkin A, Kinreich S, Pandey A, Hesselbrock V, Hesselbrock M, Bucholz KK, McCutcheon VV. A latent class analysis of alcohol and posttraumatic stress symptoms among offspring of parents with and without alcohol use disorder. Addict Behav 2021; 112:106640. [PMID: 32957005 PMCID: PMC10913466 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 08/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The co-occurrence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and alcohol use disorder (AUD) is widely known, yet few studies have examined whether and how AUD symptoms co-occur with PTSD symptom clusters of hypervigilance, avoidance/numbing, and re-experiencing. The purpose of this study was to examine potential overlap between AUD and posttraumatic stress symptomatology, and to characterize the resultant latent classes in terms of demographics, drinking behaviors, parental AUD, and specific traumas experienced (physical violence, sexual violence, and non-assaultive trauma). We hypothesized that classes would be differentiated by type and severity of AUD and PTS symptoms. Drawing from a sample of white and Black participants from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA), we examined young adults between the ages of 18-35 who had experienced trauma (N = 2478). A series of LCA models based on the type of trauma experienced, posttraumatic stress symptoms and problematic alcohol use were then fitted to the data. A four-class solution provided the best fit, consisting of a low symptom class (N = 1134), moderate alcohol/low PTS severity (N = 623), mild alcohol/high PTS severity (N = 544), and high symptom severity (N = 177). Higher prevalence of sexual assault was associated with membership in high PTS severity classes, and parent AUD was associated with membership in each class, particularly when the mother or both parents had the disorder. Using person-centered methods such as LCA is a commonsense approach to understanding the heterogeneity of symptoms, trauma types, and individual-level characteristics associated with trauma-exposed individuals and comorbid AUD-PTSD, and our study is one of relatively few to empirically ascertain the co-occurrence of alcohol and PTS symptoms in a high-risk family sample.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Grace Chan
- University of Connecticut, United States
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29
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Munn‐Chernoff MA, Johnson EC, Chou Y, Coleman JR, Thornton LM, Walters RK, Yilmaz Z, Baker JH, Hübel C, Gordon S, Medland SE, Watson HJ, Gaspar HA, Bryois J, Hinney A, Leppä VM, Mattheisen M, Ripke S, Yao S, Giusti‐Rodríguez P, Hanscombe KB, Adan RA, Alfredsson L, Ando T, Andreassen OA, Berrettini WH, Boehm I, Boni C, Boraska Perica V, Buehren K, Burghardt R, Cassina M, Cichon S, Clementi M, Cone RD, Courtet P, Crow S, Crowley JJ, Danner UN, Davis OS, Zwaan M, Dedoussis G, Degortes D, DeSocio JE, Dick DM, Dikeos D, Dina C, Dmitrzak‐Weglarz M, Docampo E, Duncan LE, Egberts K, Ehrlich S, Escaramís G, Esko T, Estivill X, Farmer A, Favaro A, Fernández‐Aranda F, Fichter MM, Fischer K, Föcker M, Foretova L, Forstner AJ, Forzan M, Franklin CS, Gallinger S, Giegling I, Giuranna J, Gonidakis F, Gorwood P, Gratacos Mayora M, Guillaume S, Guo Y, Hakonarson H, Hatzikotoulas K, Hauser J, Hebebrand J, Helder SG, Herms S, Herpertz‐Dahlmann B, Herzog W, Huckins LM, Hudson JI, Imgart H, Inoko H, Janout V, Jiménez‐Murcia S, Julià A, Kalsi G, Kaminská D, Karhunen L, Karwautz A, Kas MJ, Kennedy JL, Keski‐Rahkonen A, Kiezebrink K, Kim Y, Klump KL, Knudsen GPS, La Via MC, Le Hellard S, Levitan RD, Li D, Lilenfeld L, Lin BD, Lissowska J, Luykx J, Magistretti PJ, Maj M, Mannik K, Marsal S, Marshall CR, Mattingsdal M, McDevitt S, McGuffin P, Metspalu A, Meulenbelt I, Micali N, Mitchell K, Monteleone AM, Monteleone P, Nacmias B, Navratilova M, Ntalla I, O'Toole JK, Ophoff RA, Padyukov L, Palotie A, Pantel J, Papezova H, Pinto D, Rabionet R, Raevuori A, Ramoz N, Reichborn‐Kjennerud T, Ricca V, Ripatti S, Ritschel F, Roberts M, Rotondo A, Rujescu D, Rybakowski F, Santonastaso P, Scherag A, Scherer SW, Schmidt U, Schork NJ, Schosser A, Seitz J, Slachtova L, Slagboom PE, Slof‐Op't Landt MC, Slopien A, Sorbi S, Świątkowska B, Szatkiewicz JP, Tachmazidou I, Tenconi E, Tortorella A, Tozzi F, Treasure J, Tsitsika A, Tyszkiewicz‐Nwafor M, Tziouvas K, Elburg AA, Furth EF, Wagner G, Walton E, Widen E, Zeggini E, Zerwas S, Zipfel S, Bergen AW, Boden JM, Brandt H, Crawford S, Halmi KA, Horwood LJ, Johnson C, Kaplan AS, Kaye WH, Mitchell J, Olsen CM, Pearson JF, Pedersen NL, Strober M, Werge T, Whiteman DC, Woodside DB, Grove J, Henders AK, Larsen JT, Parker R, Petersen LV, Jordan J, Kennedy MA, Birgegård A, Lichtenstein P, Norring C, Landén M, Mortensen PB, Polimanti R, McClintick JN, Adkins AE, Aliev F, Bacanu S, Batzler A, Bertelsen S, Biernacka JM, Bigdeli TB, Chen L, Clarke T, Degenhardt F, Docherty AR, Edwards AC, Foo JC, Fox L, Frank J, Hack LM, Hartmann AM, Hartz SM, Heilmann‐Heimbach S, Hodgkinson C, Hoffmann P, Hottenga J, Konte B, Lahti J, Lahti‐Pulkkinen M, Lai D, Ligthart L, Loukola A, Maher BS, Mbarek H, McIntosh AM, McQueen MB, Meyers JL, Milaneschi Y, Palviainen T, Peterson RE, Ryu E, Saccone NL, Salvatore JE, Sanchez‐Roige S, Schwandt M, Sherva R, Streit F, Strohmaier J, Thomas N, Wang J, Webb BT, Wedow R, Wetherill L, Wills AG, Zhou H, Boardman JD, Chen D, Choi D, Copeland WE, Culverhouse RC, Dahmen N, Degenhardt L, Domingue BW, Frye MA, Gäebel W, Hayward C, Ising M, Keyes M, Kiefer F, Koller G, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Lucae S, Lynskey MT, Maier W, Mann K, Männistö S, Müller‐Myhsok B, Murray AD, Nurnberger JI, Preuss U, Räikkönen K, Reynolds MD, Ridinger M, Scherbaum N, Schuckit MA, Soyka M, Treutlein J, Witt SH, Wodarz N, Zill P, Adkins DE, Boomsma DI, Bierut LJ, Brown SA, Bucholz KK, Costello EJ, Wit H, Diazgranados N, Eriksson JG, Farrer LA, Foroud TM, Gillespie NA, Goate AM, Goldman D, Grucza RA, Hancock DB, Harris KM, Hesselbrock V, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Iacono WG, Johnson EO, Karpyak VM, Kendler KS, Kranzler HR, Krauter K, Lind PA, McGue M, MacKillop J, Madden PA, Maes HH, Magnusson PK, Nelson EC, Nöthen MM, Palmer AA, Penninx BW, Porjesz B, Rice JP, Rietschel M, Riley BP, Rose RJ, Shen P, Silberg J, Stallings MC, Tarter RE, Vanyukov MM, Vrieze S, Wall TL, Whitfield JB, Zhao H, Neale BM, Wade TD, Heath AC, Montgomery GW, Martin NG, Sullivan PF, Kaprio J, Breen G, Gelernter J, Edenberg HJ, Bulik CM, Agrawal A. Shared genetic risk between eating disorder‐ and substance‐use‐related phenotypes: Evidence from genome‐wide association studies. Addict Biol 2021; 26:e12880. [DOI: 10.1111/adb.12880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 12/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Munn‐Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Yi‐Ling Chou
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Jonathan R.I. Coleman
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
| | - Laura M. Thornton
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Raymond K. Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Zeynep Yilmaz
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Christopher Hübel
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Scott Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Sarah E. Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Hunna J. Watson
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- School of Psychology Curtin University Perth Western Australia Australia
- School of Paediatrics and Child Health University of Western Australia Perth Western Australia Australia
| | - Héléna A. Gaspar
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
| | - Julien Bryois
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Anke Hinney
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Virpi M. Leppä
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Manuel Mattheisen
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy University of Würzburg Germany
| | - Stephan Ripke
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Charité ‐ Universitätsmedizin Berlin Germany
| | - Shuyang Yao
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paola Giusti‐Rodríguez
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Ken B. Hanscombe
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics King's College London, Guy's Hospital London UK
| | - Roger A.H. Adan
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld Altrecht Mental Health Institute Zeist The Netherlands
- Sahlgrenska Academy University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Lars Alfredsson
- Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Tetsuya Ando
- Department of Behavioral Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry Kodaira Tokyo Japan
| | - Ole A. Andreassen
- NORMENT Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction, NORMENT Centre University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Wade H. Berrettini
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neurobiology and Behavior University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Ilka Boehm
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Claudette Boni
- Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience INSERM U894 Paris France
| | - Vesna Boraska Perica
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Department of Medical Biology, School of Medicine University of Split Split Croatia
| | - Katharina Buehren
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | | | - Matteo Cassina
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova Italy
| | - Sven Cichon
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Neuroscience and Medicine (INM‐1) Research Center Juelich Germany
| | - Maurizio Clementi
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova Italy
| | - Roger D. Cone
- Department of Molecular and Integrative Physiology, Life Sciences Institute University of Michigan Ann Arbor Michigan USA
| | - Philippe Courtet
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post‐Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Scott Crow
- Department of Psychiatry University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - James J. Crowley
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Unna N. Danner
- Altrecht Eating Disorders Rintveld Altrecht Mental Health Institute Zeist The Netherlands
| | - Oliver S.P. Davis
- MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit University of Bristol Bristol UK
- School of Social and Community Medicine University of Bristol Bristol UK
| | - Martina Zwaan
- Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy Hannover Medical School Hannover Germany
| | - George Dedoussis
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Harokopio University Athens Greece
| | | | | | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Dimitris Dikeos
- Department of Psychiatry, Athens University Medical School Athens University Athens Greece
| | - Christian Dina
- l'institut du thorax INSERM, CNRS, Univ Nantes Nantes France
| | | | - Elisa Docampo
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | - Laramie E. Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Karin Egberts
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy, Centre for Mental Health University Hospital of Würzburg Würzburg Germany
| | - Stefan Ehrlich
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Geòrgia Escaramís
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | - Tõnu Esko
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Xavier Estivill
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
- Genomics and Disease, Bioinformatics and Genomics Programme Centre for Genomic Regulation Barcelona Spain
| | - Anne Farmer
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Angela Favaro
- Department of Neurosciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Fernando Fernández‐Aranda
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge –IDIBELL and CIBERobn Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Manfred M. Fichter
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Germany
- Schön Klinik Roseneck affiliated with the Medical Faculty of the University of Munich Munich Germany
| | - Krista Fischer
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Manuel Föcker
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University of Münster Münster Germany
| | - Lenka Foretova
- Department of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic
| | - Andreas J. Forstner
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
- Centre for Human Genetics University of Marburg Marburg Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry (UPK) University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Monica Forzan
- Clinical Genetics Unit, Department of Woman and Child Health University of Padova Italy
| | | | - Steven Gallinger
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ina Giegling
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Johanna Giuranna
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Fragiskos Gonidakis
- 1st Psychiatric Department National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Medical School, Eginition Hospital Athens Greece
| | - Philip Gorwood
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris INSERM U1266 Paris France
- CMME (GHU Paris Psychiatrie et Neurosciences), Paris Descartes University Paris France
| | - Monica Gratacos Mayora
- Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Barcelona Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra Barcelona Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBERESP) Barcelona Spain
| | - Sébastien Guillaume
- Department of Emergency Psychiatry and Post‐Acute Care, CHRU Montpellier University of Montpellier Montpellier France
| | - Yiran Guo
- Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Hakon Hakonarson
- Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- Department of Pediatrics University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Konstantinos Hatzikotoulas
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München ‐ German Research Centre for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany
| | - Joanna Hauser
- Department of Adult Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Johannes Hebebrand
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Sietske G. Helder
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- Zorg op Orde Delft The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Herms
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Beate Herpertz‐Dahlmann
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Wolfgang Herzog
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Psychosomatics Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg University Heidelberg Germany
| | - Laura M. Huckins
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Department of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Division of Psychiatric Genomics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - James I. Hudson
- Biological Psychiatry Laboratory McLean Hospital/Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Hartmut Imgart
- Eating Disorders Unit Parklandklinik Bad Wildungen Germany
| | - Hidetoshi Inoko
- Department of Molecular Life Science, Division of Basic Medical Science and Molecular Medicine, School of Medicine Tokai University Isehara Japan
| | - Vladimir Janout
- Faculty of Health Sciences Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic
| | - Susana Jiménez‐Murcia
- Department of Psychiatry University Hospital of Bellvitge –IDIBELL and CIBERobn Barcelona Spain
- Department of Clinical Sciences, School of Medicine University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Antonio Julià
- Rheumatology Research Group Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Gursharan Kalsi
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Deborah Kaminská
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Leila Karhunen
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Institute of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition University of Eastern Finland Kuopio Finland
| | - Andreas Karwautz
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Martien J.H. Kas
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
- Groningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences University of Groningen Groningen The Netherlands
| | - James L. Kennedy
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | | | - Kirsty Kiezebrink
- Institute of Applied Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences and Nutrition University of Aberdeen Aberdeen UK
| | - Youl‐Ri Kim
- Department of Psychiatry Seoul Paik Hospital, Inje University Seoul Korea
| | - Kelly L. Klump
- Department of Psychology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | | | - Maria C. La Via
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Stephanie Le Hellard
- Department of Clinical Science, Norwegian Centre for Mental Disorders Research (NORMENT) University of Bergen Bergen Norway
- Dr. Einar Martens Research Group for Biological Psychiatry, Center for Medical Genetics and Molecular Medicine Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Laboratory Building Haukeland University Hospital Bergen Norway
| | - Robert D. Levitan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Dong Li
- Center for Applied Genomics Children's Hospital of Philadelphia Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Lisa Lilenfeld
- The Chicago School of Professional Psychology, Washington DC Campus Washington District of Columbia USA
| | - Bochao Danae Lin
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Jolanta Lissowska
- Department of Cancer Epidemiology and Prevention M Skłodowska‐Curie Cancer Center ‐ Oncology Center Warsaw Poland
| | - Jurjen Luykx
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Brain Center Rudolf Magnus University Medical Center Utrecht Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Pierre J. Magistretti
- BESE Division King Abdullah University of Science and Technology Thuwal Saudi Arabia
- Department of Psychiatry University of Lausanne‐University Hospital of Lausanne (UNIL‐CHUV) Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Mario Maj
- Department of Psychiatry University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli" Naples Italy
| | - Katrin Mannik
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Center for Integrative Genomics University of Lausanne Lausanne Switzerland
| | - Sara Marsal
- Rheumatology Research Group Vall d'Hebron Research Institute Barcelona Spain
| | - Christian R. Marshall
- Department of Paediatric Laboratory Medicine, Division of Genome Diagnostics The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Morten Mattingsdal
- NORMENT KG Jebsen Centre, Division of Mental Health and Addiction University of Oslo, Oslo University Hospital Oslo Norway
| | - Sara McDevitt
- Department of Psychiatry University College Cork Cork Ireland
- Eist Linn Adolescent Unit, Bessborough Health Service Executive South Cork Ireland
| | - Peter McGuffin
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Andres Metspalu
- Estonian Genome Center University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology University of Tartu Tartu Estonia
| | - Ingrid Meulenbelt
- Molecular Epidemiology Section (Department of Biomedical Datasciences) Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Nadia Micali
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine University of Geneva Geneva Switzerland
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Geneva University Hospital Geneva Switzerland
| | - Karen Mitchell
- National Center for PTSD VA Boston Healthcare System Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Psychiatry Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | | | - Palmiero Monteleone
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana" University of Salerno Salerno Italy
| | - Benedetta Nacmias
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Marie Navratilova
- Department of Cancer, Epidemiology and Genetics Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute Brno Czech Republic
| | - Ioanna Ntalla
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics Harokopio University Athens Greece
| | | | - Roel A. Ophoff
- Center for Neurobehavioral Genetics, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam Rotterdam The Netherlands
| | - Leonid Padyukov
- Department of Medicine, Center for Molecular Medicine, Division of Rheumatology Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University Hospital Stockholm Sweden
| | - Aarno Palotie
- Program in Medical and Population Genetics Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Center for Human Genome Research Massachusetts General Hospital Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Jacques Pantel
- Centre of Psychiatry and Neuroscience INSERM U894 Paris France
| | - Hana Papezova
- Department of Psychiatry, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - Dalila Pinto
- Department of Psychiatry, and Genetics and Genomics Sciences, Division of Psychiatric Genomics Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Raquel Rabionet
- Saint Joan de Déu Research Institute Saint Joan de Déu Barcelona Children's Hospital Barcelona Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine (IBUB) University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
- Department of Genetics, Microbiology and Statistics University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain
| | - Anu Raevuori
- Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Nicolas Ramoz
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris INSERM U1266 Paris France
| | - Ted Reichborn‐Kjennerud
- Department of Mental Disorders Norwegian Institute of Public Health Oslo Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine University of Oslo Oslo Norway
| | - Valdo Ricca
- Department of Health Science University of Florence Florence Italy
| | - Samuli Ripatti
- Department of Biometry University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Franziska Ritschel
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Eating Disorders Research and Treatment Center Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Marion Roberts
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Alessandro Rotondo
- Department of Psychiatry, Neurobiology, Pharmacology, and Biotechnologies University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Dan Rujescu
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Filip Rybakowski
- Department of Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Paolo Santonastaso
- Department of Neurosciences, Padua Neuroscience Center University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - André Scherag
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Computer and Data Sciences Jena University Hospital Jena Germany
| | - Stephen W. Scherer
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Biology The Hospital for Sick Children Toronto Ontario Canada
- McLaughlin Centre University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Ulrike Schmidt
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | | | - Alexandra Schosser
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Jochen Seitz
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Psychosomatics and Psychotherapy RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany
| | - Lenka Slachtova
- Department of Pediatrics and Center of Applied Genomics, First Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic
| | - P. Eline Slagboom
- Molecular Epidemiology Section (Department of Medical Statistics) Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Margarita C.T. Slof‐Op't Landt
- Center for Eating Disorders Ursula Rivierduinen Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Agnieszka Slopien
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Sandro Sorbi
- Department of Neuroscience, Psychology, Drug Research and Child Health (NEUROFARBA) University of Florence Florence Italy
- IRCCS Fondazione Don Carlo Gnocchi Florence Italy
| | - Beata Świątkowska
- Department of Environmental Epidemiology Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine Lodz Poland
| | - Jin P. Szatkiewicz
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | | | - Elena Tenconi
- Department of Neurosciences University of Padova Padova Italy
| | - Alfonso Tortorella
- Department of Psychiatry University of Naples SUN Naples Italy
- Department of Psychiatry University of Perugia Perugia Italy
| | - Federica Tozzi
- Brain Sciences Department Stremble Ventures Limassol Cyprus
| | - Janet Treasure
- Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Artemis Tsitsika
- Adolescent Health Unit, Second Department of Pediatrics "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Marta Tyszkiewicz‐Nwafor
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Poznan University of Medical Sciences Poznan Poland
| | - Konstantinos Tziouvas
- Pediatric Intensive Care Unit "P. & A. Kyriakou" Children's Hospital, University of Athens Athens Greece
| | - Annemarie A. Elburg
- Center for Eating Disorders Rintveld Altrecht Mental Health Institute Zeist The Netherlands
- Faculty of Social and Behavioral Sciences Utrecht University Utrecht The Netherlands
| | - Eric F. Furth
- Center for Eating Disorders Ursula Rivierduinen Leiden The Netherlands
- Department of Psychiatry Leiden University Medical Centre Leiden The Netherlands
| | - Gudrun Wagner
- Eating Disorders Unit, Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria
| | - Esther Walton
- Division of Psychological and Social Medicine and Developmental Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine Technische Universität Dresden Dresden Germany
| | - Elisabeth Widen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Eleftheria Zeggini
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus Hinxton Cambridge UK
- Institute of Translational Genomics, Helmholtz Zentrum München ‐ German Research Centre for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany
| | - Stephanie Zerwas
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Stephan Zipfel
- Department of Internal Medicine VI, Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy University Medical Hospital Tuebingen Tuebingen Germany
| | - Andrew W. Bergen
- BioRealm, LLC Walnut California USA
- Oregon Research Institute Eugene Oregon USA
| | - Joseph M. Boden
- Christchurch Health and Development Study University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Harry Brandt
- The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Steven Crawford
- The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Katherine A. Halmi
- Department of Psychiatry Weill Cornell Medical College New York New York USA
| | - L. John Horwood
- Christchurch Health and Development Study University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | | | - Allan S. Kaplan
- Centre for Addiction and Mental Health Toronto Ontario Canada
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Walter H. Kaye
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - James Mitchell
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science University of North Dakota School of Medicine and Health Sciences Fargo North Dakota USA
| | - Catherine M. Olsen
- Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - John F. Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Nancy L. Pedersen
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Michael Strober
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Science, Semel Institute for Neuroscience and Human Behavior University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine University of California Los Angeles Los Angeles California USA
| | - Thomas Werge
- Department of Clinical Medicine University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark
| | - David C. Whiteman
- Population Health Department QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - D. Blake Woodside
- Institute of Medical Science University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Department of Psychiatry University of Toronto Toronto Ontario Canada
- Centre for Mental Health University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
- Program for Eating Disorders University Health Network Toronto Ontario Canada
| | - Jakob Grove
- Department of Biomedicine Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrative Sequencing, iSEQ Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Bioinformatics Research Centre Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Anjali K. Henders
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Janne T. Larsen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐Based Research, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register‐based Research (CIRRAU) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Richard Parker
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Liselotte V. Petersen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐Based Research, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register‐based Research (CIRRAU) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Jennifer Jordan
- Department of Psychological Medicine University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
- Canterbury District Health Board Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Martin A. Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science University of Otago Christchurch New Zealand
| | - Andreas Birgegård
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden
| | - Paul Lichtenstein
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Claes Norring
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Center for Psychiatry Research, Stockholm Health Care Services Stockholm County Council Stockholm Sweden
| | - Mikael Landén
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurochemistry, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology The Sahlgrenska Academy at the University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden
| | - Preben Bo Mortensen
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research (iPSYCH) Aarhus Denmark
- National Centre for Register‐Based Research, Aarhus BSS Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
- Centre for Integrated Register‐based Research (CIRRAU) Aarhus University Aarhus Denmark
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Jeanette N. McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Amy E. Adkins
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Faculty of Business Karabuk University Karabuk Turkey
| | - Silviu‐Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Anthony Batzler
- Psychiatric Genomics and Pharmacogenomics Program Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Joanna M. Biernacka
- Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Tim B. Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences State University of New York Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Li‐Shiun Chen
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | | | - Franziska Degenhardt
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Anna R. Docherty
- Department of Psychiatry University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Alexis C. Edwards
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Jerome C. Foo
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Louis Fox
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Josef Frank
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Laura M. Hack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Annette M. Hartmann
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Sarah M. Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Stefanie Heilmann‐Heimbach
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | | | - Per Hoffmann
- Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology University Hospital Basel Basel Switzerland
- Institute of Human Genetics School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn, University of Bonn Bonn Germany
- Human Genomics Research Group, Department of Biomedicine University of Basel Basel Switzerland
| | - Jouke‐Jan Hottenga
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bettina Konte
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Halle (Saale) Germany
| | - Jari Lahti
- Turku Institute for Advanced Studies University of Turku Turku Finland
| | | | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Lannie Ligthart
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Anu Loukola
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Brion S. Maher
- Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health Baltimore Maryland USA
| | - Hamdi Mbarek
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Andrew M. McIntosh
- Division of Psychiatry, Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Matthew B. McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - Yuri Milaneschi
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute VU University Medical Center/GGz inGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Teemu Palviainen
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Roseann E. Peterson
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Euijung Ryu
- Department of Health Sciences Research Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Nancy L. Saccone
- Department of Genetics Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Jessica E. Salvatore
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez‐Roige
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | | | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Fabian Streit
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Jana Strohmaier
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Nathaniel Thomas
- Department of Psychology Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Jen‐Chyong Wang
- Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - Bradley T. Webb
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Robbee Wedow
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
- Department of Sociology Harvard University Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Amanda G. Wills
- Department of Pharmacology University of Colorado School of Medicine Aurora Colorado USA
| | - Hang Zhou
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Jason D. Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
- Department of Sociology University of Colorado Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Danfeng Chen
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Doo‐Sup Choi
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - William E. Copeland
- Department of Psychiatry University of Vermont Medical Center Burlington Vermont USA
| | - Robert C. Culverhouse
- Department of Medicine, Division of Biostatistics Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Norbert Dahmen
- Department of Psychiatry University of Mainz Mainz Germany
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Benjamin W. Domingue
- Stanford University Graduate School of Education Stanford University Stanford California USA
| | - Mark A. Frye
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Wolfgang Gäebel
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Düsseldorf Duesseldorf Germany
| | - Caroline Hayward
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK
| | - Marcus Ising
- Max‐Planck‐Institute of Psychiatry Munich Germany
| | - Margaret Keyes
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Falk Kiefer
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Gabriele Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University Hospital, LMU Munich Munich Germany
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa USA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine Iowa City Iowa USA
| | | | - Michael T. Lynskey
- Addictions Department, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology & Neuroscience King's College London London UK
| | - Wolfgang Maier
- Department of Psychiatry University of Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Karl Mann
- Department of Addictive Behavior and Addiction Medicine, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Satu Männistö
- Department of Public Health Solutions National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Bertram Müller‐Myhsok
- Department of Statistical Genetics Max‐Planck‐Institute of Psychiatry München Germany
| | - Alison D. Murray
- Aberdeen Biomedical Imaging Centre, School of Medicine, Medical Sciences & Nutrition University of Aberdeen Foresterhill Aberdeen UK
| | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Department of Psychiatry Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Ulrich Preuss
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics Martin‐Luther‐University Halle‐Wittenberg Herborn Germany
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy Vitos Hospital Herborn Herborn Germany
| | - Katri Räikkönen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | | | - Monika Ridinger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Regensburg Psychiatric Health Care Aargau Regensburg Germany
| | - Norbert Scherbaum
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy and Department of Addictive Behaviour and Addiction Medicine, Medical Faculty LVR‐Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg‐Essen Essen Germany
| | - Marc A. Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Michael Soyka
- Medical Park Chiemseeblick in Bernau‐Felden Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Bernau am Chiemsee Germany
- Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Bernau am Chiemsee Germany
| | - Jens Treutlein
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Stephanie H. Witt
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Norbert Wodarz
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy University of Regensburg Regensburg Germany
| | - Peter Zill
- Department of Psychiatry Psychiatric Hospital, Ludwig‐Maximilians‐University Munich Germany
| | - Daniel E. Adkins
- Department of Psychiatry University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
- Department of Sociology University of Utah Salt Lake City Utah USA
| | - Dorret I. Boomsma
- Department of Biological Psychology, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Laura J. Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Sandra A. Brown
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Department of Psychology University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - E. Jane Costello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences Duke University Medical Center Durham North Carolina USA
| | - Harriet Wit
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience University of Chicago Chicago Illinois USA
| | | | - Johan G. Eriksson
- Department of General Practice and Primary Health Care University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- National Institute for Health and Welfare Helsinki Finland
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics) Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Neurology Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Ophthalmology Boston University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health Boston University Boston Massachusetts USA
| | - Tatiana M. Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Nathan A. Gillespie
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Neuroscience Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai New York New York USA
| | - David Goldman
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics NIH/NIAAA Bethesda Maryland USA
- Office of the Clinical Director NIH/NIAAA Besthesda Maryland USA
| | - Richard A. Grucza
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Dana B. Hancock
- Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, Behavioral Health Research Division RTI International Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Carolina Population Center University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry University of Connecticut School of Medicine Farmington Connecticut USA
| | - John K. Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - William G. Iacono
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Eric O. Johnson
- Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, Behavioral Health Research Division RTI International Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
- Fellow Program RTI International Research Triangle Park North Carolina USA
| | - Victor M. Karpyak
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychology Mayo Clinic Rochester Minnesota USA
| | - Kenneth S. Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Henry R. Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
- VISN 4 MIRECC Crescenz VAMC Philadelphia Pennsylvania USA
| | - Kenneth Krauter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Penelope A. Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Matt McGue
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton Ontario Canada
- Michael G. DeGroote Centre for Medicinal Cannabis Research McMaster University/St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton Hamilton Ontario Canada
| | - Pamela A.F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Hermine H. Maes
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Patrik K.E. Magnusson
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Elliot C. Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Markus M. Nöthen
- Institute of Human Genetics University of Bonn School of Medicine & University Hospital Bonn Bonn Germany
| | - Abraham A. Palmer
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
- Institute for Genomic Medicine University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - Brenda W.J.H. Penninx
- Department of Psychiatry, Amsterdam UMC VU University and GGZinGeest Amsterdam The Netherlands
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory SUNY Downstate Medical Center Brooklyn New York USA
| | - John P. Rice
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Marcella Rietschel
- Department of Genetic Epidemiology in Psychiatry, Central Institute of Mental Health, Medical Faculty Mannheim Heidelberg University Mannheim Germany
| | - Brien P. Riley
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Richard J. Rose
- Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences Indiana University Bloomington Bloomington Indiana USA
| | - Pei‐Hong Shen
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics NIH/NIAAA Bethesda Maryland USA
| | - Judy Silberg
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
- Department of Psychiatry Virginia Commonwealth University Richmond Virginia USA
| | - Michael C. Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics University of Colorado Boulder Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Ralph E. Tarter
- School of Pharmacy University of Pittsburgh Pittsburgh Pennsylvania USA
| | | | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology University of Minnesota Minneapolis Minnesota USA
| | - Tamara L. Wall
- Department of Psychiatry University of California San Diego La Jolla California USA
| | - John B. Whitfield
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | - Hongyu Zhao
- Department of Biostatistics, Yale School of Public Health Yale University New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Benjamin M. Neale
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts USA
- Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard Cambridge Massachusetts USA
| | - Tracey D. Wade
- School of Psychology Flinders University Adelaide South Australia Australia
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
| | - Grant W. Montgomery
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
- Queensland Brain Institute University of Queensland Brisbane Queensland Australia
| | | | - Patrick F. Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Genetics University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
| | - Jaakko Kaprio
- Department of Public Health University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
- Institute for Molecular Medicine FIMM, HiLIFE University of Helsinki Helsinki Finland
| | - Gerome Breen
- Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry (SGDP) Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience King's College London London UK
- National Institute for Health Research Biomedical Research Centre King's College London and South London and Maudsley National Health Service Trust London UK
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Division of Human Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System West Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Genetics Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
- Department of Neuroscience Yale School of Medicine New Haven Connecticut USA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics Indiana University School of Medicine Indianapolis Indiana USA
| | - Cynthia M. Bulik
- Department of Psychiatry University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics Karolinska Institutet Stockholm Sweden
- Department of Nutrition University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill Chapel Hill North Carolina USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry Washington University School of Medicine Saint Louis Missouri USA
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Salas J, Miller MB, Scherrer JF, Moore R, McCrae CS, Sullivan MD, Bucholz KK, Copeland LA, Ahmedani BK, Schneider FD, Lustman PJ. The association of opioid use duration and new depression episode among patients with and without insomnia. J Opioid Manag 2020; 16:317-328. [PMID: 33226089 DOI: 10.5055/jom.2020.0587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Insomnia commonly co-occurs with depression, chronic pain, and opioid use. Both insomnia and chronic opioid analgesic use (OAU) are independent risk factors for a new depression episode (NDE). This study determined if the association between longer OAU duration and NDE was stronger in those with versus without insomnia. DESIGN Retrospective cohort. SETTING Veterans Health Administration electronic medical records (2000-2012). PARTICIPANTS New opioid users in follow-up (2002-2012), free of depression for two years prior to follow-up, and aged 18-80 (n = 70,997). METHODS NDE was ≥ 2 ICD-9 codes in a 12-month period. Insomnia before OAU initiation was ≥1 ICD-9 code. Cox proportional hazard models stratified on insomnia assessed the relationship between initiating a 1-30, 31-90, or > 90 day period of OAU and NDE while controlling for confounders using inverse probability of treatment-weighted propensity scores (PS). RESULTS Compared to 1-30 day OAU, 31-90 day was associated with NDE in those without (HR = 1.20; 95 percent CI: 1.12-1.28) but not with insomnia (HR = 1.06; 95 percent CI: 0.86-1.32). Results showed a stronger effect of chronic (>90) OAU in those with insomnia (HR = 1.59; 95 percent CI: 1.27-1.98) compared to those without (HR = 1.31; 95 percent CI: 1.21-1.42). However, all stratum-specific effects were not significantly different (p = 0.136). CONCLUSIONS Although stratum-specific risks were statistically similar, there was evidence for a trend that chronic OAU is a stronger risk factor for NDE in those with versus without insomnia. Providers are encouraged to monitor sleep impairment among patients on opioid therapy, as sleep may be associated with greater risk for NDE in patients with chronic OAU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Salas
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mary Beth Miller
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Jeffrey F Scherrer
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; Harry S. Truman Memorial Veterans' Administration Medical Center, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Rachel Moore
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Christina S McCrae
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Mark D Sullivan
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Laurel A Copeland
- VA Central Western Massachusetts Healthcare System, Leeds, Massachusetts; Department of Population and Quantitative Health Sciences, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts
| | - Brian K Ahmedani
- Center for Health Policy and Health Services Research, Henry Ford Health System, Detroit, Michigan; School of Social Work, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan
| | - F David Schneider
- Department of Family and Community Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern, Dallas, Texas
| | - Patrick J Lustman
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri; The Bell Street Clinic, VA St. Louis Health Care System-John Cochran Division, St. Louis, Missouri
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Houston-Ludlam AN, Waldron M, Lian M, Cahill AG, McCutcheon VV, Madden PAF, Bucholz KK, Heath AC. Marital status, partner acknowledgment of paternity, and neighborhood influences on smoking during first pregnancy: findings across race/ethnicity in linked administrative and census data. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 217:108273. [PMID: 32971390 PMCID: PMC8075321 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Improving prediction of cigarette smoking during pregnancy (SDP), including differences by race/ethnicity and geography, is necessary for interventions to achieve greater and more equitable SDP reductions. METHODS Using individual-level data on singleton first births, 2010-2017 (N = 182,894), in a US state with high SDP rates, we predicted SDP risk as a function of reproductive partner relationship (marital status, paternity acknowledgement), maternal and residential census tract sociodemographics, and census tract five-year SDP rate. RESULTS SDP prevalence was 12.7% (white non-Hispanics, WNH), 6.8% (Black/African Americans, AA), 19.5% (Native American, NA), 4.7% (Hispanic, H), and 2.8% (Asian, AS). In WNH and AA, with similar trends in other groups, after adjustment for non-linear effects of maternal age and education and for census tract risk-factors, there was a consistent risk-ordering of SDP rates by reproductive partner relationship: married/with paternity acknowledged < unmarried/acknowledged < unmarried/unacknowledged < married/unacknowledged. Associations with census tract SDP rate, adjusted for maternal and census tract sociodemographics, were stronger for AA and H (OR 2.65-2.67) than for NA (OR = 1.91), WNH (OR = 1.75), or AS (NS). AA SDP was increased in tracts having a higher proportion of WNH residents and was reduced in comparison with WNH at every combination of age, education and partner relationship. CONCLUSIONS Inattention to differences by race/ethnicity may obscure SDP risk factors. Despite marked race/ethnic differences in unmarried-partner cohabitation rates, failure to acknowledge paternity emerged as an important and consistent risk-predictor. Census-tract five-year SDP rates have heterogeneous origins, but the association of AA SDP risk with increased racial heterogeneity suggests an important influence of neighbor risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra N Houston-Ludlam
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Medical Scientist Training Program, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, CB 8226, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; Human and Statistical Genetics, Division of Biology and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Mary Waldron
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA; School of Education, Indiana University, 201 N. Rose Ave, Bloomington, IN, 47405, USA
| | - Min Lian
- Department of Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alison G Cahill
- Department of Women's Health, University of Texas at Austin, Dell Medical School, 1301 W 38th St Suite 705, Austin, TX, 78705, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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32
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Johnson EC, Demontis D, Thorgeirsson TE, Walters RK, Polimanti R, Hatoum AS, Sanchez-Roige S, Paul SE, Wendt FR, Clarke TK, Lai D, Reginsson GW, Zhou H, He J, Baranger DAA, Gudbjartsson DF, Wedow R, Adkins DE, Adkins AE, Alexander J, Bacanu SA, Bigdeli TB, Boden J, Brown SA, Bucholz KK, Bybjerg-Grauholm J, Corley RP, Degenhardt L, Dick DM, Domingue BW, Fox L, Goate AM, Gordon SD, Hack LM, Hancock DB, Hartz SM, Hickie IB, Hougaard DM, Krauter K, Lind PA, McClintick JN, McQueen MB, Meyers JL, Montgomery GW, Mors O, Mortensen PB, Nordentoft M, Pearson JF, Peterson RE, Reynolds MD, Rice JP, Runarsdottir V, Saccone NL, Sherva R, Silberg JL, Tarter RE, Tyrfingsson T, Wall TL, Webb BT, Werge T, Wetherill L, Wright MJ, Zellers S, Adams MJ, Bierut LJ, Boardman JD, Copeland WE, Farrer LA, Foroud TM, Gillespie NA, Grucza RA, Harris KM, Heath AC, Hesselbrock V, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Horwood J, Iacono WG, Johnson EO, Kendler KS, Kennedy MA, Kranzler HR, Madden PAF, Maes HH, Maher BS, Martin NG, McGue M, McIntosh AM, Medland SE, Nelson EC, Porjesz B, Riley BP, Stallings MC, Vanyukov MM, Vrieze S, Davis LK, Bogdan R, Gelernter J, Edenberg HJ, Stefansson K, Børglum AD, Agrawal A. A large-scale genome-wide association study meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder. Lancet Psychiatry 2020; 7:1032-1045. [PMID: 33096046 PMCID: PMC7674631 DOI: 10.1016/s2215-0366(20)30339-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 144] [Impact Index Per Article: 36.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Variation in liability to cannabis use disorder has a strong genetic component (estimated twin and family heritability about 50-70%) and is associated with negative outcomes, including increased risk of psychopathology. The aim of the study was to conduct a large genome-wide association study (GWAS) to identify novel genetic variants associated with cannabis use disorder. METHODS To conduct this GWAS meta-analysis of cannabis use disorder and identify associations with genetic loci, we used samples from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium Substance Use Disorders working group, iPSYCH, and deCODE (20 916 case samples, 363 116 control samples in total), contrasting cannabis use disorder cases with controls. To examine the genetic overlap between cannabis use disorder and 22 traits of interest (chosen because of previously published phenotypic correlations [eg, psychiatric disorders] or hypothesised associations [eg, chronotype] with cannabis use disorder), we used linkage disequilibrium score regression to calculate genetic correlations. FINDINGS We identified two genome-wide significant loci: a novel chromosome 7 locus (FOXP2, lead single-nucleotide polymorphism [SNP] rs7783012; odds ratio [OR] 1·11, 95% CI 1·07-1·15, p=1·84 × 10-9) and the previously identified chromosome 8 locus (near CHRNA2 and EPHX2, lead SNP rs4732724; OR 0·89, 95% CI 0·86-0·93, p=6·46 × 10-9). Cannabis use disorder and cannabis use were genetically correlated (rg 0·50, p=1·50 × 10-21), but they showed significantly different genetic correlations with 12 of the 22 traits we tested, suggesting at least partially different genetic underpinnings of cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. Cannabis use disorder was positively genetically correlated with other psychopathology, including ADHD, major depression, and schizophrenia. INTERPRETATION These findings support the theory that cannabis use disorder has shared genetic liability with other psychopathology, and there is a distinction between genetic liability to cannabis use and cannabis use disorder. FUNDING National Institute of Mental Health; National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism; National Institute on Drug Abuse; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine and the Centre for Integrative Sequencing; The European Commission, Horizon 2020; National Institute of Child Health and Human Development; Health Research Council of New Zealand; National Institute on Aging; Wellcome Trust Case Control Consortium; UK Research and Innovation Medical Research Council (UKRI MRC); The Brain & Behavior Research Foundation; National Institute on Deafness and Other Communication Disorders; Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA); National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering; National Health and Medical Research Council (NHMRC) Australia; Tobacco-Related Disease Research Program of the University of California; Families for Borderline Personality Disorder Research (Beth and Rob Elliott) 2018 NARSAD Young Investigator Grant; The National Child Health Research Foundation (Cure Kids); The Canterbury Medical Research Foundation; The New Zealand Lottery Grants Board; The University of Otago; The Carney Centre for Pharmacogenomics; The James Hume Bequest Fund; National Institutes of Health: Genes, Environment and Health Initiative; National Institutes of Health; National Cancer Institute; The William T Grant Foundation; Australian Research Council; The Virginia Tobacco Settlement Foundation; The VISN 1 and VISN 4 Mental Illness Research, Education, and Clinical Centers of the US Department of Veterans Affairs; The 5th Framework Programme (FP-5) GenomEUtwin Project; The Lundbeck Foundation; NIH-funded Shared Instrumentation Grant S10RR025141; Clinical Translational Sciences Award grants; National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke; National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute; National Institute of General Medical Sciences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Ditte Demontis
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Raymond K Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Renato Polimanti
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexander S Hatoum
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Sandra Sanchez-Roige
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Sarah E Paul
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Frank R Wendt
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Toni-Kim Clarke
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | | | - Hang Zhou
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - June He
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - David A A Baranger
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Daniel F Gudbjartsson
- Statistics Department, Reykjavik, Iceland; School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Iceland University, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Robbee Wedow
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Stanley Center for Psychiatric Research, Broad Institute of MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Daniel E Adkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Amy E Adkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA; Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Jeffry Alexander
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Boden
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Sandra A Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA; Department of Psychology and Office of Research Affairs, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jonas Bybjerg-Grauholm
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Robin P Corley
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Benjamin W Domingue
- Stanford University Graduate School of Education, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Louis Fox
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Scott D Gordon
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Laura M Hack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Sarah M Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Ian B Hickie
- Brain and Mind Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - David M Hougaard
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Department for Congenital Disorders, Center for Neonatal Screening, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kenneth Krauter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA; University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Penelope A Lind
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Matthew B McQueen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Grant W Montgomery
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Ole Mors
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Psychosis Research Unit, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Preben B Mortensen
- National Centre for Register-Based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; Centre for Integrated Register-based Research, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Merete Nordentoft
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Mental Health Services in the Capital Region of Denmark, Mental Health Center Copenhagen, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - John F Pearson
- Biostatistics and Computational Biology Unit, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand; Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Roseann E Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | | | - John P Rice
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Nancy L Saccone
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA; Division of Biostatistics, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Richard Sherva
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Judy L Silberg
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ralph E Tarter
- School of Pharmacy, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Tamara L Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Bradley T Webb
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Thomas Werge
- The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Institute of Biological Psychiatry, Mental Health Services, Copenhagen University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark; Department of Clinical Medicine, and Center for GeoGenetics, GLOBE Institute, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Margaret J Wright
- Queensland Brain Institute, University of Queensland, QLD, Australia
| | - Stephanie Zellers
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Mark J Adams
- Division of Psychiatry, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jason D Boardman
- Institute of Behavioral Science and Department of Sociology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - William E Copeland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Nathan A Gillespie
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Richard A Grucza
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Kathleen Mullan Harris
- Department of Sociology, and The Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christian J Hopfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - John Horwood
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - William G Iacono
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- GenOmics, Bioinformatics, and Translational Research Center, Biostatistics and Epidemiology Division, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Martin A Kennedy
- Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; VISN 4 MIRECC, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hermine H Maes
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA; Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Brion S Maher
- Department of Mental Health, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Matthew McGue
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | | | - Sarah E Medland
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA; Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, SUNY Downstate Health Sciences University, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Brien P Riley
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Michael C Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | | | - Scott Vrieze
- Department of Psychology, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Lea K Davis
- Department of Medicine, Division of Genetic Medicine, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA; Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, and Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Division of Human Genetics, Department of Psychiatry, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Genetics, and Department of Neuroscience, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Kari Stefansson
- deCODE Genetics/Amgen, Reykjavik, Iceland; Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Iceland, Reykjavik, Iceland
| | - Anders D Børglum
- Department of Biomedicine-Human Genetics and Centre for Integrative Sequencing, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark; The Lundbeck Foundation Initiative for Integrative Psychiatric Research, iPSYCH, Aarhus, Denmark; Center for Genomics and Personalized Medicine, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO, USA
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Xie TH, Ahuja M, McCutcheon VV, Bucholz KK. Associations between racial and socioeconomic discrimination and risk behaviors among African-American adolescents and young adults: a latent class analysis. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2020; 55:1479-1489. [PMID: 32417956 PMCID: PMC9036724 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-020-01884-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Discrimination is a common stressor among African Americans and may increase vulnerability to risk behaviors, such as early initiation of substance use, substance use problems, and physical aggression; however, few studies have examined different types of discrimination and their associations with patterns of risk behaviors. This study examines the relationship between experiences of racial and socioeconomic discrimination and risk behaviors in African-American adolescents and young adults. METHODS We investigated associations of two discrimination types with risk behavior patterns identified with latent class analysis in a high-risk sample of African Americans (N = 797, Mage = 17.9 years, 50.2% female). RESULTS Four distinct classes of risk behaviors were characterized by High Use and Aggression (10%), Moderate Use and Aggression (10%), High Alcohol (17%), and Low Use and Aggression (63%). Classes that exhibit general risk behaviors, including substance use and aggression, were significantly associated with racial and socioeconomic discrimination, even in the fully adjusted model. Relative to other classes, the High Use and Aggression class demonstrated an elevated likelihood of experiencing both racial and socioeconomic discrimination. CONCLUSIONS Findings support a link between racial and socioeconomic discrimination and risk behavior in African-American youth, which may be stronger for socioeconomic discrimination. Understanding the relationship between discrimination and risk behavior can inform future interventions to prevent substance misuse and conduct problems in youth. Further study is needed to elucidate the relationship between discrimination and other risk behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany H. Xie
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,Indiana University, Bloomington, IN, United States
| | - Manik Ahuja
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States,Brown School of Social Work, Washington University in St. Louis
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, United States
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Ahuja M, Haeny AM, Sartor CE, Bucholz KK. Gender discrimination and illicit drug use among African American and European American adolescents and emerging adults. Psychol Addict Behav 2020; 35:310-319. [PMID: 32914989 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Objective: The present study aimed to characterize the association of perceived gender discrimination and illicit drug use among a sample of African American (AA) and European American (EA) adolescent girls and young women. Method: Data were drawn from a high-risk family study of alcohol use disorder of mothers and their offspring (N = 735). Multinomial regressions were used to examine whether experience of offspring and maternal gender discrimination were associated with offspring illicit drug use (cannabis, cocaine, ecstasy, PCP, opiates, hallucinogens, solvents, sedatives, or inhalants). Outcomes included offspring age of drug use initiation (age ≤ 14) and lifetime heavy drug use (≥ 50 times) of 1 or more illicit substances. Interactions between race and offspring gender discrimination were modeled to assess for race differences. Results: Results revealed that gender discrimination was associated with a greater likelihood of offspring early initiation (relative risk ratio [RRR] = 2.57, 95% CI [1.31, 5.03]) versus later initiation (RRR = 1.33, 95% CI [0.80, 2.24]). Offspring gender discrimination was associated with offspring heavy drug use (RRR = 2.09, 95% CI [1.07, 4.06]) and not associated with moderate/light use (RRR = 1.44, 95% CI [0.86, 2.42]), but post hoc tests revealed no significant group differences. Conclusions: Findings suggest that perceived offspring gender discrimination is associated with early drug use initiation. Gender discrimination, particularly at an early age, has a potential to cause harm, including drug use. Implementation of policies that foster environments that eliminate gender bias and discrimination at an early age should be prioritized. Gender-responsive treatment merits consideration by substance use treatment providers. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Manik Ahuja
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy
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35
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Chester DS, Bucholz KK, Chan G, Kamarajan C, Pandey AK, Wetherill L, Kramer JR, Nurnberger JI, Salvatore JE, Dick DM. Alcohol-Related, Drug-Related, and Non-Substance-Related Aggression: 3 Facets of a Single Construct or 3 Distinct Constructs? Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:1852-1861. [PMID: 32761940 PMCID: PMC7722121 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aggression often occurs alongside alcohol and drug misuse. However, it is not clear whether the latent and manifest relations among alcohol-related, drug-related, and non-substance-related aggression are separate manifestations of a single construct or instead are 3 distinct constructs. METHODS To examine these associations, we conducted a preregistered analysis of 13,490 participants in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. In a structured interview, participants reported their lifetime perpetration of these 3 aggression phenotypes. RESULTS The data were better fit by a model that treated these aggression phenotypes as 3 distinct latent factors, as compared to models in which the items all loaded onto 1 ("general") or 2 ("substance-related" and "non-substance-related") aggression factors. This 3-factor model fit better for men than women. Subsequent exploratory analyses then showed that among these 3 factors, alcohol-related aggression explained the variance of overall aggression better than the other 2 factors. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that these 3 forms of aggression are distinct phenotypes (especially among men). Yet, people's alcohol-related aggression can accurately characterize their overall aggressive tendencies across these domains. Future research will benefit from articulating the unique and shared pathways and risk factors underlying each of these facets of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut, Farmington
| | | | | | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University
| | | | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine
| | | | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University
- Department of Human & Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University
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36
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Polimanti R, Walters RK, Johnson EC, McClintick JN, Adkins AE, Adkins DE, Bacanu SA, Bierut LJ, Bigdeli TB, Brown S, Bucholz KK, Copeland WE, Costello EJ, Degenhardt L, Farrer LA, Foroud TM, Fox L, Goate AM, Grucza R, Hack LM, Hancock DB, Hartz SM, Heath AC, Hewitt JK, Hopfer CJ, Johnson EO, Kendler KS, Kranzler HR, Krauter K, Lai D, Madden PAF, Martin NG, Maes HH, Nelson EC, Peterson RE, Porjesz B, Riley BP, Saccone N, Stallings M, Wall TL, Webb BT, Wetherill L, Edenberg HJ, Agrawal A, Gelernter J. Leveraging genome-wide data to investigate differences between opioid use vs. opioid dependence in 41,176 individuals from the Psychiatric Genomics Consortium. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1673-1687. [PMID: 32099098 PMCID: PMC7392789 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-020-0677-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
To provide insights into the biology of opioid dependence (OD) and opioid use (i.e., exposure, OE), we completed a genome-wide analysis comparing 4503 OD cases, 4173 opioid-exposed controls, and 32,500 opioid-unexposed controls, including participants of European and African descent (EUR and AFR, respectively). Among the variants identified, rs9291211 was associated with OE (exposed vs. unexposed controls; EUR z = -5.39, p = 7.2 × 10-8). This variant regulates the transcriptomic profiles of SLC30A9 and BEND4 in multiple brain tissues and was previously associated with depression, alcohol consumption, and neuroticism. A phenome-wide scan of rs9291211 in the UK Biobank (N > 360,000) found association of this variant with propensity to use dietary supplements (p = 1.68 × 10-8). With respect to the same OE phenotype in the gene-based analysis, we identified SDCCAG8 (EUR + AFR z = 4.69, p = 10-6), which was previously associated with educational attainment, risk-taking behaviors, and schizophrenia. In addition, rs201123820 showed a genome-wide significant difference between OD cases and unexposed controls (AFR z = 5.55, p = 2.9 × 10-8) and a significant association with musculoskeletal disorders in the UK Biobank (p = 4.88 × 10-7). A polygenic risk score (PRS) based on a GWAS of risk-tolerance (n = 466,571) was positively associated with OD (OD vs. unexposed controls, p = 8.1 × 10-5; OD cases vs. exposed controls, p = 0.054) and OE (exposed vs. unexposed controls, p = 3.6 × 10-5). A PRS based on a GWAS of neuroticism (n = 390,278) was positively associated with OD (OD vs. unexposed controls, p = 3.2 × 10-5; OD vs. exposed controls, p = 0.002) but not with OE (p = 0.67). Our analyses highlight the difference between dependence and exposure and the importance of considering the definition of controls in studies of addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Renato Polimanti
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA
| | - Raymond K Walters
- Analytic and Translational Genetics Unit, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Jeanette N McClintick
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Amy E Adkins
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Daniel E Adkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA
| | - Silviu-Alin Bacanu
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Laura J Bierut
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Tim B Bigdeli
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Sandra Brown
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - William E Copeland
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Vermont Medical Center, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - E Jane Costello
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Louisa Degenhardt
- National Drug and Alcohol Research Centre, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lindsay A Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Tatiana M Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Louis Fox
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | - Richard Grucza
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Laura M Hack
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Dana B Hancock
- Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Sarah M Hartz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - John K Hewitt
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christian J Hopfer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Eric O Johnson
- Center for Omics Discovery and Epidemiology, RTI International, Research Triangle Park, NC, USA
| | - Kenneth S Kendler
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Henry R Kranzler
- Center for Studies of Addiction, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, VISN 4 MIRECC, Crescenz VAMC, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kenneth Krauter
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Hermine H Maes
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Roseann E Peterson
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Brien P Riley
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Nancy Saccone
- Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Michael Stallings
- Institute for Behavioral Genetics, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Tamara L Wall
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Bradley T Webb
- Virginia Commonwealth University Alcohol Research Center, Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Joel Gelernter
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, Veterans Affairs Connecticut Healthcare Center, West Haven, CT, USA.
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Munn-Chernoff MA, Few LR, Matherne CE, Baker JH, Men V(Y, McCutcheon VV, Agrawal A, Bucholz KK, Madden PAF, Heath AC, Duncan AE. Eating disorders in a community-based sample of women with alcohol use disorder and nicotine dependence. Drug Alcohol Depend 2020; 212:107981. [PMID: 32442752 PMCID: PMC7293939 DOI: 10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2019] [Revised: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies consistently report a higher prevalence of substance use disorders (SUDs) among women with eating disorders than control women. However, limited research exists on the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses in women with SUDs, especially in community-based populations. We examined the prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and diagnosis by the presence or absence of lifetime alcohol use disorder (AUD) and/or nicotine dependence (ND) in a community-based sample of women. METHODS 3756 women (median age = 22 years) from the Missouri Adolescent Female Twin Study completed a modified semi-structured interview assessing lifetime DSM-IV psychiatric disorders and SUDs. Logistic regression models adjusted for demographic characteristics and other psychopathology, and robust standard errors accounted for the non-independence of twin data. RESULTS In general, women with comorbid AUD and ND had a higher prevalence of eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses than women with AUD or ND Only, who in turn had a higher prevalence than those without either SUD. After adjustment for covariates, women with AUD and ND had significantly greater risk of broad anorexia nervosa (RRR = 3.17; 99 % CI = 1.35, 7.44), purging disorder (2.59; 1.24, 5.43), and numerous eating disorder symptoms than women with neither disorder. Significant differences emerged between individuals with both AUD and ND versus women with AUD Only or ND Only for some eating disorder symptoms. CONCLUSIONS Women with lifetime AUD or ND diagnoses are at high risk for eating disorder symptoms and diagnoses, underscoring the importance of assessing eating disorder symptoms among women with these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa A. Munn-Chernoff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Lauren R. Few
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Camden E. Matherne
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Jessica H. Baker
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, 101 Manning Drive, CB 7160, Chapel Hill, NC 27599 USA
| | - Vera (Yu) Men
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Pamela A. F. Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA
| | - Alexis E. Duncan
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 South Euclid, CB 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110 USA,George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, One Brookings Drive, CB 1196, St. Louis, MO 63130 USA
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Bourdon JL, Tillman R, Francis MW, Dick DM, Stephenson M, Kamarajan C, Edenberg HJ, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Bucholz KK, McCutcheon VV. Characterization of Service Use for Alcohol Problems Across Generations and Sex in Adults With Alcohol Use Disorder. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:746-757. [PMID: 31984526 PMCID: PMC7069784 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND There are gaps in the literature on service use (help-seeking and treatment utilization) for alcohol problems among those with alcohol use disorder (AUD). First, policy changes and cultural shifts (e.g., insurance) related to AUD have occurred over the last few decades, making it important to study generational differences. Second, multiple studies have found that females receive fewer services than males, and exploring whether these sex differences persist across generations can inform public health and research endeavors. The current study examined service use for alcohol problems among individuals with AUD. The aims were as follows: (i) to describe service use for alcohol problems; (ii) to assess generational differences (silent [b. 1928 to 1945], boomer [b. 1946 to 1964], generation X [b. 1965 to 1980], millennial [b. 1981 to 1996]) in help-seeking and treatment utilization; and (iii) to examine sex differences across generations. METHODS Data were from affected family members of probands who participated in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (N = 4,405). First, frequencies for service use variables were calculated across generations. Pearson chi-square and ANOVA were used to test for differences in rates and types of service use across generations, taking familial clustering into account. Next, Cox survival modeling was used to assess associations of generation and sex with time to first help-seeking and first treatment for AUD, and time from first onset of AUD to first help-seeking and first treatment. Interactions between generation and sex were tested within each Cox regression. RESULTS Significant hazards were found in all 4 transitions. Overall, younger generations used services earlier than older generations, which translated into higher likelihoods of these behaviors. Regardless of generation, younger females were less likely to use services than males. CONCLUSIONS There are generational and sex differences in service use for alcohol problems among individuals with AUD. Policy and clinical implications are discussed.
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Pandey G, Seay MJ, Meyers JL, Chorlian DB, Pandey AK, Kamarajan C, Ehrenberg M, Pitti D, Kinreich S, Subbie-Saenz de Viteri S, Acion L, Anokhin A, Bauer L, Chan G, Edenberg H, Hesselbrock V, Kuperman S, McCutcheon VV, Bucholz KK, Schuckit M, Porjesz B. Density and Dichotomous Family History Measures of Alcohol Use Disorder as Predictors of Behavioral and Neural Phenotypes: A Comparative Study Across Gender and Race/Ethnicity. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2020; 44:697-710. [PMID: 31957047 PMCID: PMC8357185 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Accepted: 12/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Family history (FH) is an important risk factor for the development of alcohol use disorder (AUD). A variety of dichotomous and density measures of FH have been used to predict alcohol outcomes; yet, a systematic comparison of these FH measures is lacking. We compared 4 density and 4 commonly used dichotomous FH measures and examined variations by gender and race/ethnicity in their associations with age of onset of regular drinking, parietal P3 amplitude to visual target, and likelihood of developing AUD. METHODS Data from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) were utilized to compute the density and dichotomous measures. Only subjects and their family members with DSM-5 AUD diagnostic information obtained through direct interviews using the Semi-Structured Assessment for the Genetics of Alcoholism (SSAGA) were included in the study. Area under receiver operating characteristic curves were used to compare the diagnostic accuracy of FH measures at classifying DSM-5 AUD diagnosis. Logistic and linear regression models were used to examine associations of FH measures with alcohol outcomes. RESULTS Density measures had greater diagnostic accuracy at classifying AUD diagnosis, whereas dichotomous measures presented diagnostic accuracy closer to random chance. Both dichotomous and density measures were significantly associated with likelihood of AUD, early onset of regular drinking, and low parietal P3 amplitude, but density measures presented consistently more robust associations. Further, variations in these associations were observed such that among males (vs. females) and Whites (vs. Blacks), associations of alcohol outcomes with density (vs. dichotomous) measures were greater in magnitude. CONCLUSIONS Density (vs. dichotomous) measures seem to present more robust associations with alcohol outcomes. However, associations of dichotomous and density FH measures with different alcohol outcomes (behavioral vs. neural) varied across gender and race/ethnicity. These findings have great applicability for alcohol research examining FH of AUD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayathri Pandey
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (GP, JLM, DBC, AKP, CK, ME, DP, S Kinreich, SS-SV, BP), Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Michael J Seay
- Department of Psychology, (MJS), University of California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (GP, JLM, DBC, AKP, CK, ME, DP, S Kinreich, SS-SV, BP), Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - David B Chorlian
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (GP, JLM, DBC, AKP, CK, ME, DP, S Kinreich, SS-SV, BP), Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Ashwini K Pandey
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (GP, JLM, DBC, AKP, CK, ME, DP, S Kinreich, SS-SV, BP), Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (GP, JLM, DBC, AKP, CK, ME, DP, S Kinreich, SS-SV, BP), Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Morton Ehrenberg
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (GP, JLM, DBC, AKP, CK, ME, DP, S Kinreich, SS-SV, BP), Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Daniel Pitti
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (GP, JLM, DBC, AKP, CK, ME, DP, S Kinreich, SS-SV, BP), Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Sivan Kinreich
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (GP, JLM, DBC, AKP, CK, ME, DP, S Kinreich, SS-SV, BP), Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Stacey Subbie-Saenz de Viteri
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (GP, JLM, DBC, AKP, CK, ME, DP, S Kinreich, SS-SV, BP), Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Laura Acion
- Iowa Consortium for Substance Abuse Research and Evaluation, (LA), University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Andrey Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, (AA, VVM, KKB), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Lance Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, (LB, GC, VH), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Grace Chan
- Department of Psychiatry, (LB, GC, VH), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Howard Edenberg
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, (HE), Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, (LB, GC, VH), University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, Connecticut
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, (S Kuperman), University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, (AA, VVM, KKB), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, (AA, VVM, KKB), Washington University School of Medicine in St. Louis, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, (MS), University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- From the, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, (GP, JLM, DBC, AKP, CK, ME, DP, S Kinreich, SS-SV, BP), Downstate Medical Center, State University of New York, Brooklyn, New York
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Acevedo MB, Teran-Garcia M, Bucholz KK, Eagon JC, Bartholow BD, Burd NA, Khan N, Rowitz B, Pepino MY. Alcohol sensitivity in women after undergoing bariatric surgery: a cross-sectional study. Surg Obes Relat Dis 2020; 16:536-544. [PMID: 32075778 DOI: 10.1016/j.soard.2020.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG), the most common bariatric surgeries performed worldwide, increase the risk to develop an alcohol use disorder. This might be due, in part, to surgery-related changes in alcohol pharmacokinetics. Another risk factor, unexplored within this population, is having a reduced subjective response to alcohol's sedative effects. OBJECTIVES To assess whether the alcohol sensitivity questionnaire (ASQ), a simple self-report measure, could pinpoint reduced alcohol sensitivity in the bariatric population. SETTING University medical centers in Missouri and Illinois. METHODS Women who had RYGB (n = 16), SG (n = 28), or laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery (n = 11) within the last 5 years completed the ASQ for both pre- and postsurgical timeframes, and 45 of them participated in oral alcohol challenge testing postsurgery. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) and subjective stimulation and sedation were measured before and for 3.5 hours after drinking. RESULTS In line with faster and higher peak BACs after RYGB and SG than laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery (P < .001), postsurgery ASQ scores were more reduced from presurgery scores after RYGB/SG than after laparoscopic adjustable gastric banding surgery (-2.3 ± .3 versus -1.2 ± .2; P < .05). However, despite the dramatic changes in BAC observed when ingesting alcohol after RYGB/SG surgeries, which resulted in peak BAC that were approximately 50% above the legal driving limit, a third of these women felt almost no alcohol-related sedative effects. CONCLUSIONS Although RYGB/SG dramatically increased sensitivity to alcohol in all participants, meaningful interindividual differences remained. The ASQ might help identify patients at increased risk to develop an alcohol use disorder after surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Belén Acevedo
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Margarita Teran-Garcia
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Human Development and Family Studies, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - J Christopher Eagon
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Bruce D Bartholow
- Department of Psychological Sciences, University of Missouri, Columbia, Missouri
| | - Nicholas A Burd
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Naiman Khan
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Blair Rowitz
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Carle Foundation Hospital, Urbana, Illinois; Carle Illinois College of Medicine, Urbana, Illinois
| | - Marta Yanina Pepino
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, College of Agricultural, Consumer and Environmental Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois; Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois.
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Waldron M, Bucholz KK, Madden PAF, Heath AC. Alcohol Dependence and Reproductive Onset in Women, Updated: Analyses of Research and State-Level Administrative Data. J Stud Alcohol Drugs 2020. [DOI: 10.15288/jsad.2020.81.74] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mary Waldron
- Department of Counseling and Educational Psychology, School of Education, Indiana University, Bloomington, Indiana
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Pamela A. F. Madden
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Midwest Alcoholism Research Center, Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri
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Werner KB, Cunningham-Williams RM, Ahuja M, Bucholz KK. Patterns of gambling and substance use initiation in African American and White adolescents and young adults. Psychol Addict Behav 2019; 34:382-391. [PMID: 31750700 DOI: 10.1037/adb0000531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The focus of the current investigation is to examine the temporal relationship of gambling onset and alcohol, tobacco, and cannabis initiation in adolescents and young adults (M age = 20.3 years) by examining the prevalence and pattern of onset for each substance and gambling pairing and the associated risk between gambling and each substance use. Data were drawn from the multiwave Missouri Family Study (n = 1,349) of African American (AA; n = 450) and White families (n = 317) enriched for risk for alcohol use disorder and includes those who were assessed for gambling behaviors and problems: AA (360 males, 390 females) and White (287 males, 312 females). Findings indicated racial differences in the overall prevalence of gambling behaviors and substance use as well as patterns of initiation-particularly within gambling/alcohol and gambling/tobacco for males. Survival models revealed some similarities as well as differences across race and gender groups in associations of gambling with initiation of substances, as well as substances with initiation of gambling. Alcohol use (AA males only) and cannabis use (AA males and White females) elevated the hazards of initiating gambling. In contrast, gambling significantly elevated the hazards of initiation alcohol across 3 of 4 groups and of cannabis use in AA males only. The results highlight some overlapping as well as distinct risk factors for both gambling and substance use initiation in this cohort enriched for vulnerability to alcohol use disorder (AUD). These findings have implications for integrating gambling prevention into existing substance use prevention and intervention efforts-particularly but not exclusively for young AA males. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Manik Ahuja
- Department of Health Services Management and Policy
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43
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Wetherill L, Lai D, Johnson EC, Anokhin A, Bauer L, Bucholz KK, Dick DM, Hariri AR, Hesselbrock V, Kamarajan C, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Meyers JL, Nurnberger JI, Schuckit M, Scott DM, Taylor RE, Tischfield J, Porjesz B, Goate AM, Edenberg HJ, Foroud T, Bogdan R, Agrawal A. ERRATUM: Genome-wide association study identifies loci associated with liability to alcohol and drug dependence that is associated with variability in reward-related ventral striatum activity in African- and European-Americans. Genes Brain Behav 2019; 18:e12608. [PMID: 31667958 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Leah Wetherill
- Indiana University. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis, IN
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Indiana University. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis, IN
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University. Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Andrey Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University. Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Lance Bauer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut. University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University. Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology & College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Ahmad R Hariri
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Dept. of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Connecticut. University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Farmington, CT
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- SUNY. Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa. University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa. University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- SUNY. Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Indiana University. Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego. University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA
| | - Denise M Scott
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | - Robert E Taylor
- Department of Pharmacology, Howard University, Washington, District of Columbia
| | | | - Bernice Porjesz
- SUNY. Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Indiana University. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis, IN.,Indiana University. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Indiana University. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in Saint Louis, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University. Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri, USA
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McCutcheon VV, Bucholz KK, Houston-Ludlam A, Heath AC. Elevated maternal and child mortality among women with multiple DUI convictions compared with socio-demographically matched controls. Addiction 2019; 114:1981-1991. [PMID: 31351443 PMCID: PMC6800795 DOI: 10.1111/add.14762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether having multiple convictions for driving while under the influence of alcohol (MDUI) in women is a risk factor for maternal, infant and child mortality. DESIGN Retrospective cohort design using record linkage, comparing women with MDUI convictions with propensity-matched women without alcohol-related driving offences ascertained through state records, on rates of maternal, infant and child mortality. SETTING Missouri, United States. PARTICIPANTS MDUI women (n = 1658) and women with no alcohol-related driving convictions (control, n = 184 252) who gave birth from 2000 to 2004. MEASUREMENTS Data were obtained from state administrative records and US Census data. The outcomes were maternal, infant and child mortality. The input variable was presence or absence of MDUI convictions. Propensity-matching variables were maternal (smoking during pregnancy, delayed prenatal care, previous child deaths, age at birth, mother Missouri-born, education, pre-pregnancy obesity, marital status), reproductive partner (un-named partner, race/ethnicity, education, DUI status) and census tract (socio-economic advantage, urbanicity) characteristics. FINDINGS Women with MDUI convictions had higher odds of maternal, infant and child mortality than propensity-matched controls [odds ratio (OR) = 2.65, 95% confidence interval (CI) = 2.07-3.40 and OR = 1.75, 95% CI = 1.17-2.61, respectively]. CONCLUSIONS Having multiple convictions for driving under the influence of alcohol in women appears to be a risk factor for increased maternal, infant and child mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vivia V. McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Alexandra Houston-Ludlam
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110
| | - Andrew C. Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Meyers JL, Salvatore JE, Aliev F, Johnson EC, McCutcheon VV, Su J, Kuo SIC, Lai D, Wetherill L, Wang JC, Chan G, Hesselbrock V, Foroud T, Bucholz KK, Edenberg HJ, Dick DM, Porjesz B, Agrawal A. Psychosocial moderation of polygenic risk for cannabis involvement: the role of trauma exposure and frequency of religious service attendance. Transl Psychiatry 2019; 9:269. [PMID: 31636251 PMCID: PMC6803671 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-019-0598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cannabis use and disorders (CUD) are influenced by multiple genetic variants of small effect and by the psychosocial environment. However, this information has not been effectively incorporated into studies of gene-environment interaction (GxE). Polygenic risk scores (PRS) that aggregate the effects of genetic variants can aid in identifying the links between genetic risk and psychosocial factors. Using data from the Pasman et al. GWAS of cannabis use (meta-analysis of data from the International Cannabis Consortium and UK Biobank), we constructed PRS in the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA) participants of European (N: 7591) and African (N: 3359) ancestry. The primary analyses included only individuals of European ancestry, reflecting the ancestral composition of the discovery GWAS from which the PRS was derived. Secondary analyses included the African ancestry sample. Associations of PRS with cannabis use and DSM-5 CUD symptom count (CUDsx) and interactions with trauma exposure and frequency of religious service attendance were examined. Models were adjusted for sex, birth cohort, genotype array, and ancestry. Robustness models were adjusted for cross-term interactions. Higher PRS were associated with a greater likelihood of cannabis use and with CUDsx among participants of European ancestry (p < 0.05 and p < 0.1 thresholds, respectively). PRS only influenced cannabis use among those exposed to trauma (R2: 0.011 among the trauma exposed vs. R2: 0.002 in unexposed). PRS less consistently influenced cannabis use among those who attend religious services less frequently; PRS × religious service attendance effects were attenuated when cross-term interactions with ancestry and sex were included in the model. Polygenic liability to cannabis use was related to cannabis use and, less robustly, progression to symptoms of CUD. This study provides the first evidence of PRS × trauma for cannabis use and demonstrates that ignoring important aspects of the psychosocial environment may mask genetic influences on polygenic traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA.
| | | | - Fazil Aliev
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 232212, USA
| | - Emma C Johnson
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | | | - Jinni Su
- Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, 232212, USA
| | | | - Dongbing Lai
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | - Jen C Wang
- Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Grace Chan
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Connecticut, CT, 06030-2103, USA
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Connecticut, CT, 06030-2103, USA
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, 46202, USA
| | | | | | | | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry, State University of New York Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, 11203, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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46
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Sartor CE, Grant JD, Few LR, Werner KB, McCutcheon VV, Duncan AE, Nelson EC, Madden PAF, Bucholz KK, Heath AC, Agrawal A. Childhood Trauma and Two Stages of Alcohol Use in African American and European American Women: Findings from a Female Twin Sample. Prev Sci 2019; 19:795-804. [PMID: 28875252 DOI: 10.1007/s11121-017-0838-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The current investigation assessed for moderating effects of childhood trauma on genetic and environmental contributions to timing of alcohol use initiation and alcohol use disorder in African American (AA) and European American (EA) women. Data were drawn from diagnostic telephone interviews conducted with 3786 participants (14.6% AA) in a longitudinal female twin study. Childhood trauma was defined alternately as child maltreatment and more broadly to include other events (e.g., witnessing violence). Phenotypic associations between childhood trauma and alcohol outcomes were estimated using logistic regression analyses. Twin modeling was conducted to test for moderating effects of childhood trauma on the contributions of genetic and environmental factors to timing of initiation and alcohol use disorder. Under both definitions, childhood trauma was associated with early initiation (relative risk ratios: 1.90, 1.72) and alcohol use disorder (odds ratios: 1.92, 1.76). Yet gene by environment effects were observed only for child maltreatment and timing of initiation in EA women, with heritable influences less prominent in those who had experienced child maltreatment (0.35, 95% CI: 0.05-0.66 vs. 0.52, 95% CI: 0.30-0.73). We found more similarities than differences in the association of childhood trauma with alcohol outcomes across racial/ethnic groups, trauma type, and stages of alcohol use. However, findings suggest that the relative contribution of genetic factors to alcohol outcomes differs by childhood maltreatment history in EA women specifically in the earliest stage of alcohol use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn E Sartor
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, 389 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT, 06511, USA. .,Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
| | - Julia D Grant
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Lauren R Few
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kimberly B Werner
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Alexis E Duncan
- George Warren Brown School of Social Work, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Elliot C Nelson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Pamela A F Madden
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Andrew C Heath
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, 660 S. Euclid Avenue, Campus Box 8134, Saint Louis, MO, 63110, USA
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47
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Chan G, Kramer JR, Schuckit MA, Hesselbrock V, Bucholz KK, Edenberg HJ, Acion L, Langbehn D, McCutcheon V, Nurnberger JI, Hesselbrock M, Porjesz B, Bierut L, Marenna BC, Cookman A, Kuperman S. A Pilot Follow-Up Study of Older Alcohol-Dependent COGA Adults. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1759-1768. [PMID: 31141183 PMCID: PMC6685546 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2018] [Accepted: 05/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alcohol consumption and problems are increasing among older adults, who are at elevated risk for alcohol-related accidents and medical problems. This paper describes a pilot follow-up of older adults with a history of alcohol dependence that was designed to determine the feasibility of conducting a more extensive investigation. METHODS The sample consisted of previously assessed subjects in the Collaborative Studies on the Genetics of Alcoholism who: (i) were age 50+; (ii) had lifetime DSM-IV AD; and (iii) had DNA available. Individuals were located through family contacts, Internet searches, and death registries. A brief telephone interview assessed demographics, health, and alcohol involvement. RESULTS Of the total sample (N = 2,174), 36% were contacted, 24% were deceased, and 40% were not yet located. Most (89%) contacted subjects were interviewed, and 99% of them agreed to future evaluation. Thirty percent of interviewed subjects reported abstinence for 10+ years, 56% reported drinking within the past year, and 14% last drank between >1 and 10 years ago. There were no age-related past-year differences in weekly consumption (overall sample mean: 16 drinks), number of drinking weeks (30.8), maximum number of drinks in 24 hours (8.1), or prevalence of weekly risky drinking (19%). Among those who drank within the past 5 years, the 3 most common alcohol-related problems were spending excessive time drinking or recovering (49%), drinking more/longer than intended (35%), and driving while intoxicated (35%); and about a third (32%) received some form of treatment. CONCLUSIONS Over a 1-year period, we located 60% of individuals last seen an average of 23 years ago. The majority of contacted individuals were interviewed and willing to be evaluated again. Although the proportion of individuals currently drinking diminished with age, subjects exhibited troublesome levels of alcohol consumption and problems. Our findings suggest the importance and feasibility of a more comprehensive follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - John R. Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | | | | | | | - Laura Acion
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Douglas Langbehn
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Bethany C. Marenna
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Angella Cookman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Iowa Carver College
of Medicine, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, IA 52242
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48
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Wetherill L, Lai D, Johnson EC, Anokhin A, Bauer L, Bucholz KK, Dick DM, Hariri AR, Hesselbrock V, Kamarajan C, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Meyers JL, Nurnberger JI, Schuckit M, Scott DM, Taylor RE, Tischfield J, Porjesz B, Goate AM, Edenberg HJ, Foroud T, Bogdan R, Agrawal A. Genome-wide association study identifies loci associated with liability to alcohol and drug dependence that is associated with variability in reward-related ventral striatum activity in African- and European-Americans. Genes Brain Behav 2019; 18:e12580. [PMID: 31099175 PMCID: PMC6726116 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Genetic influences on alcohol and drug dependence partially overlap, however, specific loci underlying this overlap remain unclear. We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of a phenotype representing alcohol or illicit drug dependence (ANYDEP) among 7291 European-Americans (EA; 2927 cases) and 3132 African-Americans (AA: 1315 cases) participating in the family-based Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. ANYDEP was heritable (h 2 in EA = 0.60, AA = 0.37). The AA GWAS identified three regions with genome-wide significant (GWS; P < 5E-08) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) on chromosomes 3 (rs34066662, rs58801820) and 13 (rs75168521, rs78886294), and an insertion-deletion on chromosome 5 (chr5:141988181). No polymorphisms reached GWS in the EA. One GWS region (chromosome 1: rs1890881) emerged from a trans-ancestral meta-analysis (EA + AA) of ANYDEP, and was attributable to alcohol dependence in both samples. Four genes (AA: CRKL, DZIP3, SBK3; EA: P2RX6) and four sets of genes were significantly enriched within biological pathways for hemostasis and signal transduction. GWS signals did not replicate in two independent samples but there was weak evidence for association between rs1890881 and alcohol intake in the UK Biobank. Among 118 AA and 481 EA individuals from the Duke Neurogenetics Study, rs75168521 and rs1890881 genotypes were associated with variability in reward-related ventral striatum activation. This study identified novel loci for substance dependence and provides preliminary evidence that these variants are also associated with individual differences in neural reward reactivity. Gene discovery efforts in non-European samples with distinct patterns of substance use may lead to the identification of novel ancestry-specific genetic markers of risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leah Wetherill
- Indiana University. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis, IN
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Indiana University. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis, IN
| | - Emma C. Johnson
- Washington University. Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. Saint Louis, MO. USA
| | - Andrey Anokhin
- Washington University. Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. Saint Louis, MO. USA
| | - Lance Bauer
- University of Connecticut. University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. Farmington, CT
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Washington University. Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. Saint Louis, MO. USA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Virginia Commonwealth University. Department of Psychology & College Behavioral and Emotional Health Institute, Virginia Commonwealth University. Richmond, VA
| | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- Duke Institute for Brain Sciences, Dept. of Psychology, Duke University, Durham, NC
| | - Victor Hesselbrock
- University of Connecticut. University of Connecticut School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. Farmington, CT
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- SUNY. Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center. Brooklyn, NY
| | - John Kramer
- University of Iowa. University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. Iowa City, IA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- University of Iowa. University of Iowa Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. Iowa City, IA
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- SUNY. Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center. Brooklyn, NY
| | - John I. Nurnberger
- Indiana University. Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis, IN
| | - Marc Schuckit
- University of California San Diego. University of California San Diego, Department of Psychiatry. San Diego, CA
| | - Denise M. Scott
- Howard University, Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Bernice Porjesz
- SUNY. Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center. Brooklyn, NY
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt. Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Indiana University. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis, IN
- Indiana University. Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis, IN
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Indiana University. Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine. Indianapolis, IN
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- Washington University in Saint Louis, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Saint Louis, MO, USA
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Washington University. Washington University School of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry. Saint Louis, MO. USA
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49
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Lai D, Wetherill L, Bertelsen S, Carey CE, Kamarajan C, Kapoor M, Meyers JL, Anokhin AP, Bennett DA, Bucholz KK, Chang KK, De Jager PL, Dick DM, Hesselbrock V, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Nurnberger JI, Raj T, Schuckit M, Scott DM, Taylor RE, Tischfield J, Hariri AR, Edenberg HJ, Agrawal A, Bogdan R, Porjesz B, Goate AM, Foroud T. Genome-wide association studies of alcohol dependence, DSM-IV criterion count and individual criteria. Genes Brain Behav 2019; 18:e12579. [PMID: 31090166 PMCID: PMC6612573 DOI: 10.1111/gbb.12579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 04/19/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) of alcohol dependence (AD) have reliably identified variation within alcohol metabolizing genes (eg, ADH1B) but have inconsistently located other signals, which may be partially attributable to symptom heterogeneity underlying the disorder. We conducted GWAS of DSM-IV AD (primary analysis), DSM-IV AD criterion count (secondary analysis), and individual dependence criteria (tertiary analysis) among 7418 (1121 families) European American (EA) individuals from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism (COGA). Trans-ancestral meta-analyses combined these results with data from 3175 (585 families) African-American (AA) individuals from COGA. In the EA GWAS, three loci were genome-wide significant: rs1229984 in ADH1B for AD criterion count (P = 4.16E-11) and Desire to cut drinking (P = 1.21E-11); rs188227250 (chromosome 8, Drinking more than intended, P = 6.72E-09); rs1912461 (chromosome 15, Time spent drinking, P = 1.77E-08). In the trans-ancestral meta-analysis, rs1229984 was associated with multiple phenotypes and two additional loci were genome-wide significant: rs61826952 (chromosome 1, DSM-IV AD, P = 8.42E-11); rs7597960 (chromosome 2, Time spent drinking, P = 1.22E-08). Associations with rs1229984 and rs18822750 were replicated in independent datasets. Polygenic risk scores derived from the EA GWAS of AD predicted AD in two EA datasets (P < .01; 0.61%-1.82% of variance). Identified novel variants (ie, rs1912461, rs61826952) were associated with differential central evoked theta power (loss - gain; P = .0037) and reward-related ventral striatum reactivity (P = .008), respectively. This study suggests that studying individual criteria may unveil new insights into the genetic etiology of AD liability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Leah Wetherill
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Sarah Bertelsen
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt.
Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Caitlin E. Carey
- BRAIN Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Chella Kamarajan
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of
Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn,
NY
| | - Manav Kapoor
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt.
Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Jacquelyn L. Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of
Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn,
NY
| | - Andrey P. Anokhin
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - David A. Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University
Medical Center, Chicago, IL
| | - Kathleen K. Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Katharine K. Chang
- BRAIN Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Philip L. De Jager
- Departments of Neurology and Psychiatry, Brigham and
Women's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Danielle M. Dick
- Department of Psychology, Virginia Commonwealth University,
Richmond, VA
| | | | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy Carver College of Medicine,
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy Carver College of Medicine,
University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA
| | - John I. Nurnberger
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of
Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Towfique Raj
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt.
Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Marc Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San
Diego Medical School, San Diego, CA
| | - Denise M. Scott
- Departments of Pediatrics and Human Genetics, Howard
University, Washington, DC
| | | | | | - Ahmad R. Hariri
- Laboratory of NeuroGenetics, Department of Psychology and
Neuroscience, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Howard J. Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of
Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Ryan Bogdan
- BRAIN Lab, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences,
Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Lab, Department of
Psychiatry, State University of New York, Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn,
NY
| | - Alison M. Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mt.
Sinai, New York, NY
| | - Tatiana Foroud
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana
University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
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50
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Johnson EC, St Pierre CL, Meyers JL, Aliev F, McCutcheon VV, Lai D, Dick DM, Goate AM, Kramer J, Kuperman S, Nurnberger JI, Schuckit MA, Porjesz B, Edenberg HJ, Bucholz KK, Agrawal A. The Genetic Relationship Between Alcohol Consumption and Aspects of Problem Drinking in an Ascertained Sample. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2019; 43:1113-1125. [PMID: 30994927 PMCID: PMC6560626 DOI: 10.1111/acer.14064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genomewide association studies (GWAS) have begun to identify loci related to alcohol consumption, but little is known about whether this genetic propensity overlaps with specific indices of problem drinking in ascertained samples. METHODS In 6,731 European Americans who had been exposed to alcohol, we examined whether polygenic risk scores (PRS) from a GWAS of weekly alcohol consumption in the UK Biobank predicted variance in 6 alcohol-related phenotypes: alcohol use, maximum drinks within 24 hours (MAXD), total score on the Self-Rating of the Effects of Ethanol Questionnaire (SRE-T), DSM-IV alcohol dependence (DSM4AD), DSM-5 alcohol use disorder symptom counts (DSM5AUDSX), and reduction/cessation of problematic drinking. We also examined the extent to which an single nucleotide polymorphism (rs1229984) in ADH1B, which is strongly associated with both alcohol consumption and dependence, contributed to the polygenic association with these phenotypes and whether PRS interacted with sex, age, or family history of alcoholism to predict alcohol-related outcomes. We performed mixed-effect regression analyses, with family membership and recruitment site included as random effects, as well as survival modeling of age of onset of DSM4AD. RESULTS PRS for alcohol consumption significantly predicted variance in 5 of the 6 outcomes: alcohol use (Δmarginal R2 = 1.39%, Δ area under the curve [AUC] = 0.011), DSM4AD (Δmarginal R2 = 0.56%; ΔAUC = 0.003), DSM5AUDSX (Δmarginal R2 = 0.49%), MAXD (Δmarginal R2 = 0.31%), and SRE-T (Δmarginal R2 = 0.22%). PRS were also associated with onset of DSM4AD (hazard ratio = 1.11, p = 2.08e-5). The inclusion of rs1229984 attenuated the effects of the alcohol consumption PRS, particularly for DSM4AD and DSM5AUDSX, but the PRS continued to exert an independent effect for all 5 alcohol measures (Δmarginal R2 after controlling for ADH1B = 0.14 to 1.22%). Interactions between PRS and sex, age, or family history were nonsignificant. CONCLUSIONS Genetic propensity for typical alcohol consumption was associated with alcohol use and was also associated with 4 of the additional 5 outcomes, though the variance explained in this sample was modest. Future GWAS that focus on the multifaceted nature of AUD, which goes beyond consumption, might reveal additional information regarding the polygenic underpinnings of problem drinking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma C Johnson
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Celine L St Pierre
- Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Washington University School of Medicine, Saint Louis, Missouri
| | - Jacquelyn L Meyers
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Fazil Aliev
- Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
- Department of Actuarial and Risk Management, Faculty of Business, Karabuk University, Karabük, Turkey
| | - Vivia V McCutcheon
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Dongbing Lai
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Danielle M Dick
- Department of Psychology and Human and Molecular Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Alison M Goate
- Department of Neuroscience, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York
| | - John Kramer
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - Samuel Kuperman
- Department of Psychiatry, Roy J and Lucille A Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa
| | - John I Nurnberger
- Department of Psychiatry, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Marc A Schuckit
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, San Diego, California
| | - Bernice Porjesz
- Henri Begleiter Neurodynamics Laboratory, Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, New York
| | - Howard J Edenberg
- Department of Medical and Molecular Genetics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Kathleen K Bucholz
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Arpana Agrawal
- Department of Psychiatry, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
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