1
|
Bradford DE, DeFalco A, Perkins ER, Carbajal I, Kwasa J, Goodman FR, Jackson F, Richardson LNS, Woodley N, Neuberger L, Sandoval JA, Huang HJ, Joyner KJ. Whose Signals Are Being Amplified? Toward a More Equitable Clinical Psychophysiology. Clin Psychol Sci 2024; 12:237-252. [PMID: 38645420 PMCID: PMC11028731 DOI: 10.1177/21677026221112117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Research using psychophysiological methods holds great promise for refining clinical assessment, identifying risk factors, and informing treatment. Unfortunately, unique methodological features of existing approaches limit inclusive research participation and, consequently, generalizability. This brief overview and commentary provides a snapshot of the current state of representation in clinical psychophysiology, with a focus on the forms and consequences of ongoing exclusion of Black participants. We illustrate issues of inequity and exclusion that are unique to clinical psychophysiology, considering intersections among social constructions of Blackness and biased design of current technology used to measure electroencephalography, skin conductance, and other signals. We then highlight work by groups dedicated to quantifying and addressing these limitations. We discuss the need for reflection and input from a wider variety of stakeholders to develop and refine new technologies, given the risk of further widening disparities. Finally, we provide broad recommendations for clinical psychophysiology research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Iván Carbajal
- Oregon State University, School of Psychological Science
| | - Jasmine Kwasa
- Carnegie Mellon University, Center for the Neural Basis of Cognition
| | - Fallon R. Goodman
- George Washington University, Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Helen J. Huang
- University of Central Florida, Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering
| | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Gold AK, Kredlow MA, Orr SP, Hartley CA, Otto MW. Skin conductance levels and responses in Asian and White participants during fear conditioning ✰. Physiol Behav 2022; 251:113802. [PMID: 35398091 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2022.113802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Revised: 04/02/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Fear conditioning paradigms are frequently used in the translational study of anxiety and fear-related disorders. Accordingly, it is important to understand whether the measurement of fear conditioning responses is systematically influenced by an individual's race. Studies have found increased pain sensitivity and smaller physiological startle responses in Asian individuals, compared to White individuals; to our knowledge, no studies have evaluated whether skin conductance response (SCR) outcomes differ between Asian and White individuals. In a series of secondary data analyses, we investigated potential differences in skin conductance level (SCL), orienting SCR, unconditioned SCR, SCR to CS+ and CS-, differential SCR, and differential SCR non-responder status. In sample 1, Asian participants (n = 97) demonstrated a significantly smaller mean differential SCR compared to White participants (n = 86). No other between group differences were observed. In sample 2, there was no difference in mean differential SCR between Asian (n = 52) and White (n = 62) participants, although more Asian participants failed to show adequate skin conductance levels for study entry. To our knowledge, this is the first study to evaluate differences between Asian and White samples using skin conductance outcomes in a fear conditioning paradigm. We detected only subtle evidence for SCR differences between Asian and White samples, unlikely to reach significance outside large studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra K Gold
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America.
| | - M Alexandra Kredlow
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 52 Oxford Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, United States of America
| | - Scott P Orr
- Department of Psychiatry, Massachusetts General Hospital, Building 120-2nd Avenue, Charlestown, MA 02129, United States of America; Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck Street, Boston, MA, 02115, United States of America
| | - Catherine A Hartley
- Department of Psychology, New York University, 6 Washington Place, New York, NY, 10003, United States of America
| | - Michael W Otto
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Boston University, 900 Commonwealth Avenue, 2nd Floor, Boston, MA 02215, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Correa KA, Carrillo V, Funkhouser CJ, Shenberger ER, Shankman SA. Ethnic differences in behavioral and physiological indicators of sensitivity to threat. J Anxiety Disord 2022; 85:102508. [PMID: 34864540 PMCID: PMC8760157 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2021.102508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 09/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The clinical presentation of anxiety may differ between Hispanics/Latinx (H/L) and non-H/L, although findings on ethnic differences in self-reported anxiety symptoms have been mixed. Fewer studies have focused on ethnic differences in quick and relatively automatic laboratory-assessed indicators of anxiety symptoms, which have the potential to be more objective indicators than self-report. Therefore, the present study examined ethnic differences in two laboratory-assessed indicators of threat sensitivity (an important transdiagnostic mechanism of anxiety): attentional bias to threat and electromyography startle reactivity to threat. White H/L (n = 117) and White non-H/L (n = 168) adults who were matched on demographics and lifetime psychopathology (including anxiety) completed a dot-probe task to assess attentional bias to threat and the No-Predictable-Unpredictable threat (NPU) task to assess startle reactivity to threat. Results indicated that H/L displayed less Slow OrientationRB (β = -0.27, p = 0.032, R2β∗ = 0.02), and increased Slow DisengagementRB (β = 0.31, p = 0.016, R2β∗ = 0.02) compared to non-H/L. H/L exhibited blunted overall startle compared to non-H/L (β = -0.30, p = 0.014, R2β∗ = 0.02), but groups did not differ in startle reactivity to either predictable or unpredictable threat. In summary, H/L and non-H/L may differ in their experience and presentation of anxiety symptoms and such differences may vary across indicators of sensitivity to threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Correa
- University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Northwestern University, United States
| | | | - Carter J Funkhouser
- University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Northwestern University, United States
| | - Elyse R Shenberger
- University of Illinois at Chicago, United States; Northwestern University, United States
| | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Marin M, Barbey F, Rosenbaum BL, Hammoud MZ, Orr SP, Milad MR. Absence of conditioned responding in humans: A bad measure or individual differences? Psychophysiology 2019; 57:e13350. [DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marie‐France Marin
- Department of Psychology Université du Québec à Montréal, Research Center of the Montreal Mental Health University Institute Montreal Quebec
| | | | | | - Mira Z. Hammoud
- Department of Psychiatry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois
| | - Scott P. Orr
- Department of Psychiatry Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School Boston Massachusetts
| | - Mohammed R. Milad
- Department of Psychiatry University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago Illinois
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Swerdlow NR, Light GA, Thomas ML, Sprock J, Calkins ME, Green MF, Greenwood TA, Gur RE, Gur RC, Lazzeroni LC, Nuechterlein KH, Radant AD, Seidman LJ, Siever LJ, Silverman JM, Stone WS, Sugar CA, Tsuang DW, Tsuang MT, Turetsky BI, Braff DL. Deficient prepulse inhibition in schizophrenia in a multi-site cohort: Internal replication and extension. Schizophr Res 2018; 198:6-15. [PMID: 28549722 PMCID: PMC5700873 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Consortium on the Genetics of Schizophrenia (COGS) collected case-control endophenotype and genetic information from 2457 patients and healthy subjects (HS) across 5 test sites over 3.5 years. Analysis of the first "wave" (W1) of 1400 subjects identified prepulse inhibition (PPI) deficits in patients vs. HS. Data from the second COGS "wave" (W2), and the combined W(1+2), were used to assess: 1) the replicability of PPI deficits in this design; 2) the impact of response criteria on PPI deficits; and 3) PPI in a large cohort of antipsychotic-free patients. METHODS PPI in W2 HS (n=315) and schizophrenia patients (n=326) was compared to findings from W1; planned analyses assessed the impact of diagnosis, "wave" (1 vs. 2), and startle magnitude criteria. Combining waves allowed us to assess PPI in 120 antipsychotic-free patients, including many in the early course of illness. RESULTS ANOVA of all W(1+2) subjects revealed robust PPI deficits in patients across "waves" (p<0.0004). Strict response criteria excluded almost 39% of all subjects, disproportionately impacting specific subgroups; ANOVA in this smaller cohort confirmed no significant effect of "wave" or "wave x diagnosis" interaction, and a significant effect of diagnosis (p<0.002). Antipsychotic-free, early-illness patients had particularly robust PPI deficits. DISCUSSION Schizophrenia-linked PPI deficits were replicable across two multi-site "waves" of subjects collected over 3.5years. Strict response criteria disproportionately excluded older, male, non-Caucasian patients with low-normal hearing acuity. These findings set the stage for genetic analyses of PPI using the combined COGS wave 1 and 2 cohorts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Neal R. Swerdlow
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Corresponding Author: Neal R. Swerdlow, M.D., Ph.D., University of California San Diego, Dept. of Psychiatry, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, CA 92093-0804 619-543-6270 (office); 619-543-2493 (fax);
| | - Gregory A. Light
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VISN 22, Mental Illness Research, Education & Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Michael L. Thomas
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VISN 22, Mental Illness Research, Education & Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Joyce Sprock
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VISN 22, Mental Illness Research, Education & Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| | - Monica E. Calkins
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Michael F. Green
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,VA Greater Los Angeles Healthcare System, Los Angeles, CA
| | | | - Raquel E. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Ruben C. Gur
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Laura C. Lazzeroni
- Departments of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences and of Pediatrics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA
| | - Keith H. Nuechterlein
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Allen D. Radant
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Larry J. Seidman
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Massachusetts Mental Health Center Public Psychiatry Division of the Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA
| | - Larry J. Siever
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY,James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - Jeremy M. Silverman
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY,James J. Peters VA Medical Center, New York, NY
| | - William S. Stone
- Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA
| | - Catherine A. Sugar
- Department of Psychiatry and Biobehavioral Sciences, Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA,VISN 22, Mental Illness Research, Education & Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA,Department of Biostatistics, University of California Los Angeles School of Public Health, Los Angeles, CA
| | - Debby W. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Ming T. Tsuang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Institute for Genomic Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,Harvard Institute of Psychiatric Epidemiology and Genetics, Boston, MA
| | - Bruce I. Turetsky
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - David L. Braff
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA,VISN 22, Mental Illness Research, Education & Clinical Center (MIRECC), VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bennett KP, Dickmann JS, Larson CL. If or when? Uncertainty's role in anxious anticipation. Psychophysiology 2018; 55:e13066. [PMID: 29384197 PMCID: PMC6013348 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.13066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2017] [Revised: 01/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Uncertainty is often associated with subjective distress and a potentiated anxiety response. Occurrence uncertainty, or the inability to predict if a threat will occur, has rarely been compared experimentally with temporal uncertainty, or the inability to predict when a threat will occur. The current study aimed to (a) directly compare the anxiogenic effects of anticipating these two types of uncertain threat, as indexed by the eyeblink startle response, and (b) assess the relationship between startle response to occurrence and temporal uncertainty and individual differences in self-reported intolerance of uncertainty and anxiety. The findings indicated that anticipation during occurrence uncertainty elicited a larger startle response than anticipating a certain threat, but anticipation during temporal uncertainty was superior at potentiating startle blink overall. Additional analyses of the effects of order and habituation further highlighted temporal uncertainty's superiority in eliciting greater startle responding. This suggests that, while uncertainty is physiologically anxiety provoking, some level of certainty that the threat will occur enhances the robustness of the physiological anxiety response. However, self-reported anxiety was equivalent for temporal and occurrence uncertainty, suggesting that, while defensive responding may be more affected by temporal uncertainty, people perceive both types of uncertainty as anxiogenic. Individual differences in the intolerance of uncertainty and other anxiety measures were not related to anticipatory startle responsivity during any of the conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken P. Bennett
- Department of Psychology, University of Wisconsin – Milwaukee
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Grillon C, O'Connell K, Lieberman L, Alvarez G, Geraci M, Pine DS, Ernst M. Distinct responses to predictable and unpredictable threat in anxiety pathologies: effect of panic attack. BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY: COGNITIVE NEUROSCIENCE AND NEUROIMAGING 2017; 2:575-581. [PMID: 29104945 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpsc.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Delineating specific clinical phenotypes of anxiety disorders is a crucial step toward better classification and understanding of these conditions. The present study sought to identify differential aversive responses to predictable and unpredictable threat of shock in healthy comparisons and in non-medicated anxiety patients with and without a history of panic attacks (PAs). Method 143 adults (72 healthy controls; 71 patients with generalized anxiety disorder (GAD) or/and social anxiety disorder (SAD), 24 with and 47 without PAs) were exposed to three conditions: 1) predictable shocks signaled by a cue, 2) unpredictable shocks, and 3) no shock. Startle magnitude was used to assess aversive responses. Results Across disorders, a PA history was specifically associated with hypersensitivity to unpredictable threat. By disorder, SAD was associated with hypersensitivity to predictable threat, whereas GAD was associated with exaggerated baseline startle. Conclusions These results identified three physiological patterns. The first is hypersensitivity to unpredictable threat in individuals with PAs. The second is hypersensitivity to predictable threat, which characterizes SAD. The third is enhanced baseline startle in GAD, which may reflect propensity for self-generated anxious thoughts in the absence of imminent danger. These results inform current thinking by linking specific clinical features to particular physiology profiles.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Daniel S Pine
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| | - Monique Ernst
- National Institute of Mental Health, NIH, Bethesda, MD
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Liu H, Lieberman L, Stevens E, Auerbach RP, Shankman SA. Using a cultural and RDoC framework to conceptualize anxiety in Asian Americans. J Anxiety Disord 2017; 48:63-69. [PMID: 27659553 PMCID: PMC5357192 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2016.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2016] [Revised: 09/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Asian Americans are one of the fastest growing minority groups in the United States; however, mental health within this population segment, particularly anxiety disorders, remains significantly understudied. Both the heterogeneity within the Asian American population and the multidimensional nature of anxiety contribute to difficulties in understanding anxiety in this population. The present paper reviewed two sources of heterogeneity within anxiety in Asian Americans: (1) cultural variables and (2) mechanisms or components of anxiety. Specifically, we examined four cultural variables most commonly found in research related to anxiety in Asian Americans: acculturation, loss of face, affect valuation, and individualism-collectivism. We also discussed ways to parse anxiety through a Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework, specifically focusing on sensitivity to acute and potential threat, constructs within the Negative Valence System. Previously unpublished preliminary data were presented to illustrate one way of examining ethnic differences in anxiety using an RDoC framework. Finally, this paper offered recommendations for future work in this area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Randy P. Auerbach
- Center for Depression, Anxiety and Stress Research, McLean Hospital; Department of Psychiatry, Harvard Medical School
| | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Savage JE, Sawyers C, Roberson-Nay R, Hettema JM. The genetics of anxiety-related negative valence system traits. Am J Med Genet B Neuropsychiatr Genet 2017; 174:156-177. [PMID: 27196537 PMCID: PMC5349709 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.b.32459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 05/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
NIMH's Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) domain of negative valence systems (NVS) captures constructs of negative affect such as fear and distress traditionally subsumed under the various internalizing disorders. Through its aims to capture dimensional measures that cut across diagnostic categories and are linked to underlying neurobiological systems, a large number of phenotypic constructs have been proposed as potential research targets. Since "genes" represent a central "unit of analysis" in the RDoC matrix, it is important for studies going forward to apply what is known about the genetics of these phenotypes as well as fill in the gaps of existing knowledge. This article reviews the extant genetic epidemiological data (twin studies, heritability) and molecular genetic association findings for a broad range of putative NVS phenotypic measures. We find that scant genetic epidemiological data is available for experimentally derived measures such as attentional bias, peripheral physiology, or brain-based measures of threat response. The molecular genetic basis of NVS phenotypes is in its infancy, since most studies have focused on a small number of candidate genes selected for putative association to anxiety disorders (ADs). Thus, more research is required to provide a firm understanding of the genetic aspects of anxiety-related NVS constructs. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeanne E. Savage
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Chelsea Sawyers
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - Roxann Roberson-Nay
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| | - John M. Hettema
- Virginia Institute for Psychiatric and Behavioral Genetics, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA,Department of Psychiatry, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Sarapas C, Weinberg A, Langenecker SA, Shankman SA. Relationships among attention networks and physiological responding to threat. Brain Cogn 2016; 111:63-72. [PMID: 27816781 DOI: 10.1016/j.bandc.2016.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2015] [Revised: 08/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Although researchers have long hypothesized a relationship between attention and anxiety, theoretical and empirical accounts of this relationship have conflicted. We attempted to resolve these conflicts by examining relationships of attentional abilities with responding to predictable and unpredictable threat - related but distinct motivational process implicated in a number of anxiety disorders. Eighty-one individuals completed a behavioral task assessing efficiency of three components of attention - alerting, orienting, and executive control (Attention Network Test - Revised). We also assessed startle responding during anticipation of both predictable, imminent threat (of mild electric shock) and unpredictable contextual threat. Faster alerting and slower disengaging from non-emotional attention cues were related to heightened responding to unpredictable threat, whereas poorer executive control of attention was related to heightened responding to predictable threat. This double dissociation helps to integrate models of attention and anxiety and may be informative for treatment development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casey Sarapas
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
| | - Anna Weinberg
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607, United States.
| | - Scott A Langenecker
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois at Chicago, 1007 W. Harrison St., Chicago, IL 60607, United States; Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, 912 S. Wood St., Chicago, IL 60612, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kim SY, Shen Y, Hou Y, Tilton KE, Juang L, Wang Y. Annual Review of Asian American Psychology, 2014. ASIAN AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2015; 6:291-332. [PMID: 26925199 PMCID: PMC4765738 DOI: 10.1037/aap0000031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
This 2014 review of Asian American psychology is the sixth review in the series. It includes 316 articles that met the inclusion criteria established by the past five annual reviews. Featured articles were derived from three sources: 137 were generated via the search term "Asian American" in PyscINFO, 111 were generated via a search for specific Asian American ethnic groups, and 32 were generated via author searches of articles that met the inclusion criteria. The top primary topic was health and health-related behaviors, the most frequently employed study design was cross-sectional, and the most studied Asian American ethnic group was Chinese. This year's review includes information on the target population of the primary topic, the age range and developmental period of participants, and whether the study design was cross-sectional or longitudinal. It also identifies top authors and journals contributing to the 2014 annual review. These new features reveal that the most common target population of the primary topic was youths; studies most commonly included emerging adults ages 18-25; cross-sectional study design was employed more often than longitudinal design; the top contributor to the 2014 review was Stephen Chen, who authored the highest number of papers included; and the Asian American Journal of Psychology generated the highest number of publications for this review.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Su Yeong Kim
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, 108 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop A2702, Austin, TX 78712, , (512) 471-5524
| | - Yishan Shen
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, 108 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop A2702, Austin, TX 78712, , (512) 983-7551
| | - Yang Hou
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, 108 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop A2702, Austin, TX 78712, , (512) 660-2236
| | - Kelsey E Tilton
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, 108 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop A2702, Austin, TX 78712, , (512) 956-459-4212
| | - Linda Juang
- University of Potsdam, College of Human Sciences, Education, Karl-Liebknecht-Str. 24-25, 14476 Potsdam, Germany, +49 (0)172 1882255,
| | - Yijie Wang
- University of Texas at Austin, Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, 108 East Dean Keeton Street, Stop A2702, Austin, TX 78712, , (512) 289-8136
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Nelson BD, Hajcak G, Shankman SA. Event-related potentials to acoustic startle probes during the anticipation of predictable and unpredictable threat. Psychophysiology 2015; 52:887-94. [PMID: 25703182 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
The startle reflex is a robust measure of defense system activation. Startle probes also elicit ERP P300 and N100 responses that capture attentional engagement. The startle probe-elicited P300 and N100 have been primarily examined during affective picture viewing paradigms, and no study has examined these measures in the context of a threat anticipation task or in relation to threat predictability. In the present study, 131 participants completed a no (N), predictable (P), and unpredictable (U) threat-of-shock task, and the startle eye blink reflex, P300, and N100 responses to the startle probe were measured. We also examined several psychometric properties of these psychophysiological measures. Results indicated probe P300 attenuation during the P and U relative to N condition. In contrast, probe N100 enhancement was present only for the U condition. The P300 and N100 decreased (i.e., habituated) at comparable rates across the different threat conditions. The startle reflex also decreased, but only startle during the U (and not P) condition continued to differ from the N condition by the end of the task. Internal consistency of the ERP measures was acceptable and comparable to the startle reflex. Finally, the startle reflex was correlated with the probe N100, but not P300, across threat conditions. This study is one of the first to use startle probe ERPs to demonstrate that a context of potential threat also elicits attentional engagement. Furthermore, this study provides novel evidence that the probe N100 may provide a measure that is uniquely sensitive to unpredictable threat.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brady D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Greg Hajcak
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York, USA
| | - Stewart A Shankman
- Department of Psychology, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| |
Collapse
|