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Xiang Y, Zhou Y. Development and Validation of the Father-Love Absence Scale for Adolescents. Behav Sci (Basel) 2023; 13:bs13050435. [PMID: 37232672 DOI: 10.3390/bs13050435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Although father love is vital for the positive growth of the child, there is currently no reliable tool to assess the psychological absence of fathers. Therefore, the current study aims to develop an instrument to measure adolescents' experiences of father-love absence from a psychological absence perspective. According to the fundamental psychological diathesis assumption, the father-love absence scale (FLAS) was developed based on expert panel discussions. A total of 2592 junior high school student participants were surveyed, and exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) was conducted to determine the items for the formal scale. The results showed that the 18-item FLAS consisted of four factors, which were emotional absence (EA), cognitive absence (CA), behavioral absence (BA), and volitional absence (VA). In conclusion, the FLAS demonstrated satisfactory reliability and validity, and this scale is a valuable tool for assessing father-love absence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhui Xiang
- Teacher Education College, Hunan City University, Yiyang 413000, China
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
| | - Yue Zhou
- Department of Psychology, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
- Cognition and Human Behavior Key Laboratory of Hunan Province, Hunan Normal University, Changsha 410081, China
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2
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Elhusseini S, Rawn K, El-Sheikh M, Keller PS. Attachment and prosocial behavior in middle childhood: The role of emotion regulation. J Exp Child Psychol 2023; 225:105534. [PMID: 36030640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jecp.2022.105534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/04/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
There is a lack of research on the development of prosocial behavior in middle childhood. The current study addressed this gap through the application of attachment theory; attachment security has been shown to promote prosocial behavior in early childhood, and emotion regulation may be an important intervening variable in this association. A sample of 199 children (aged 6-12 years) reported on their attachment internal working models for the mother-child and father-child relationships, parents reported on child emotion regulation and emotional lability/dysregulation, and children completed a sticker donation task to assess their prosocial behavior. Child emotional lability/dysregulation served as an intervening variable in the association between father-child attachment security (communication and trust) and greater sticker donation. Mother-child and father-child attachment security was also associated with child emotion regulation, but emotion regulation was not associated with sticker donation. Findings suggest that secure attachment may foster prosocial behavior toward peers in middle childhood primarily by reducing dysregulated responses to the distress of others.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kyle Rawn
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
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3
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Li M, Chen X, Gong H, Wang W, Ji W, Liang S. Relationship between paternal adult attachment and adolescent anxiety: The chain-mediating effect of paternal psychological flexibility and father-adolescent attachment. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY 2022; 57:411-419. [PMID: 35157314 DOI: 10.1002/ijop.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Grounded in family systems theory and the internal working model of attachment, the present study tested the effects of paternal adult attachment, paternal psychological flexibility and father-adolescent attachment on adolescent anxiety. In total, 906 pairs of fathers and their adolescents completed a set of questionnaires, including the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, Parental Psychological Flexibility Questionnaire, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment, and Trait Anxiety Inventory. The results revealed that paternal adult attachment avoidance had a positive impact on adolescent anxiety. The relationship between paternal adult attachment and adolescent anxiety was chain mediated by paternal psychological flexibility and father-adolescent attachment. The mediation effects contained two paths: the separate mediation effect of paternal psychological flexibility, and the chain mediation effect of paternal psychological flexibility and father-adolescent attachment. The results of the study show that the father's adult attachment can not only directly affect adolescent anxiety, but also indirectly affect adolescent anxiety through the paternal psychological flexibility and the quality of father-adolescent attachment. Fathers have an important effect on adolescent anxiety.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Li
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huoliang Gong
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanghua Ji
- School of Management, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
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4
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Cooper M, Reilly EE, Siegel JA, Coniglio K, Sadeh-Sharvit S, Pisetsky EM, Anderson LM. Eating disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic and quarantine: an overview of risks and recommendations for treatment and early intervention. Eat Disord 2022; 30:54-76. [PMID: 32644868 PMCID: PMC7929530 DOI: 10.1080/10640266.2020.1790271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 51.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Individuals with eating disorders (EDs) are at significant risk for increases in symptomatology and diminished treatment access during the COVID-19 pandemic. Environmental precautions to limit coronavirus spread have affected food availability and access to healthy coping mechanisms, and have contributed to weight-stigmatizing social media messages that may be uniquely harmful to those experiencing EDs. Additionally, changes in socialization and routine, stress, and experiences of trauma that are being experienced globally may be particularly deleterious to ED risk and recovery. This paper presents a brief review of the pertinent literature related to the risk of EDs in the context of COVID-19 and offers suggestions for modifying intervention efforts to accommodate the unique challenges individuals with EDs and providers may be experiencing in light of the ongoing public health crisis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marita Cooper
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Erin E Reilly
- Department of Psychology, Hofstra University, Hempstead, New York, USA
| | - Jaclyn A Siegel
- Department of Psychology, Western University, London, Canada
| | - Kathryn Coniglio
- Department of Psychology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Emily M Pisetsky
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
| | - Lisa M Anderson
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA
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Li M, Chen X, Gong H, Ji W, Wang W, Liang S, Kong A. The Predictive Effect of Parental Adult Attachment on Parent-Adolescent Attachment: The Mediating Role of Harsh Parenting. Front Psychol 2021; 12:710167. [PMID: 34456824 PMCID: PMC8385784 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.710167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study examines the relationship between parental adult attachment and parent–adolescent attachment and investigates the mediating role of harsh parenting from the perspective of family systems theory. The sample included adolescents and their parents from 1,030 families in Henan Province, China. Measures included the Experiences in Close Relationships Scale, Inventory of Parent and Peer Attachment Scale, and Harsh Parenting Scale. The results showed that paternal avoidance negatively predicts father–adolescent and mother–adolescent attachments, while maternal avoidance and maternal anxiety negatively predict father–adolescent attachment and mother–adolescent attachment, respectively. Paternal harsh parenting not only mediated the relationship between paternal adult and father–adolescent attachment but also between paternal adult and mother–adolescent attachment. However, maternal harsh parenting only plays an intermediary role between maternal adult and mother–adolescent attachment. The results of the study show that compared with the adverse effects of maternal adult attachment and maternal harsh parenting on parent–adolescent attachment, paternal avoidance and paternal harsh parenting more negatively affect parent–adolescent attachment, which is not conducive to familial harmony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengge Li
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xin Chen
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Huoliang Gong
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Wanghua Ji
- School of Management, Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Wei Wang
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | | | - Anran Kong
- School of Psychology, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Zvara BJ, Lathren C, Mills-Koonce R. Maternal and Paternal Attachment Style and Chaos as Risk Factors for Parenting Behavior. FAMILY RELATIONS 2020; 69:233-246. [PMID: 33897080 PMCID: PMC8061620 DOI: 10.1111/fare.12423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Household chaos and insecure parental attachment styles are associated with lower quality parenting behaviors. However, there is a paucity of evidence regarding fathers' parenting behaviors, and no studies examine if chaotic home environments moderate the attachment style-parenting behavior relationship. Using data from both mothers and fathers of 742 children (40.5% African American) living in rural, low-resource communities, the current study examined the individual and joint effects of self-reported adult attachment style and two domains of household chaos on observed maternal and paternal parenting behaviors during structured play with their 58-month old child (49.6% female). Multivariate models revealed that, even after controlling for confounders, attachment insecurity predicted lower quality parenting behavior for mothers and fathers. Further, for both mothers and fathers, the disorganized domain of household chaos, representing environments high in noise, clutter and disorder, predicted less sensitive and more intrusive parenting behavior. Finally, for mothers with dismissive attachment styles, high levels of disorganization appeared to exacerbate caregiving difficulties; this moderating relationship was not evident for fathers. These findings suggest that the stress of a chronically disorganized family environment may impact the expression of mothers' insecure tendencies in the context of parenting, thereby intensifying less sensitive and more intrusive parenting behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- B J Zvara
- Maternal and Child Health, Gillings School of Global Public Health, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - C Lathren
- Integrated Medicine, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
| | - R Mills-Koonce
- Human Development and Family Science, The University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
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Olsavsky AL, Berrigan M, Schoppe-Sullivan SJ. Self-Reported Adult Attachment and Observed Parenting Behavior of New Mothers and Fathers. SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PERSONALITY SCIENCE 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550619887701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
This study examined associations between parents’ self-reported adult attachment and observed parenting behavior using a dyadic and family systemic approach. 182 primiparous expectant couples (182 mothers and 182 fathers) reported on their attachment avoidance and anxiety during the third trimester of pregnancy and were observed interacting with their infants at 3 and 9 months postpartum to assess positive and negative parenting behavior. Path analyses revealed that fathers had the lowest observed negative parenting behavior at 3 months postpartum when they were low in anxiety and mothers were also low in anxiety or avoidance. At 9 months postpartum, greater attachment avoidance was associated with lower observed positive parenting behavior and higher observed negative parenting behavior regardless of parent gender. Moreover, when mothers were more anxious and fathers more avoidant, mothers exhibited greater negative parenting behavior; when mothers were more avoidant and fathers more anxious, mothers exhibited less positive parenting behavior.
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