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Christensen JF, Fernández A, Smith RA, Michalareas G, Yazdi SHN, Farahi F, Schmidt EM, Bahmanian N, Roig G. EMOKINE: A software package and computational framework for scaling up the creation of highly controlled emotional full-body movement datasets. Behav Res Methods 2024; 56:7498-7542. [PMID: 38918315 DOI: 10.3758/s13428-024-02433-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
EMOKINE is a software package and dataset creation suite for emotional full-body movement research in experimental psychology, affective neuroscience, and computer vision. A computational framework, comprehensive instructions, a pilot dataset, observer ratings, and kinematic feature extraction code are provided to facilitate future dataset creations at scale. In addition, the EMOKINE framework outlines how complex sequences of movements may advance emotion research. Traditionally, often emotional-'action'-based stimuli are used in such research, like hand-waving or walking motions. Here instead, a pilot dataset is provided with short dance choreographies, repeated several times by a dancer who expressed different emotional intentions at each repetition: anger, contentment, fear, joy, neutrality, and sadness. The dataset was simultaneously filmed professionally, and recorded using XSENS® motion capture technology (17 sensors, 240 frames/second). Thirty-two statistics from 12 kinematic features were extracted offline, for the first time in one single dataset: speed, acceleration, angular speed, angular acceleration, limb contraction, distance to center of mass, quantity of motion, dimensionless jerk (integral), head angle (with regards to vertical axis and to back), and space (convex hull 2D and 3D). Average, median absolute deviation (MAD), and maximum value were computed as applicable. The EMOKINE software is appliable to other motion-capture systems and is openly available on the Zenodo Repository. Releases on GitHub include: (i) the code to extract the 32 statistics, (ii) a rigging plugin for Python for MVNX file-conversion to Blender format (MVNX=output file XSENS® system), and (iii) a Python-script-powered custom software to assist with blurring faces; latter two under GPLv3 licenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia F Christensen
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt/M, Germany.
| | - Andrés Fernández
- Methods of Machine Learning, University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Intelligent Systems, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Rebecca A Smith
- Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, Scotland
| | - Georgios Michalareas
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | | | | | - Eva-Madeleine Schmidt
- Department of Cognitive Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- Max Planck School of Cognition, Leipzig, Germany
- Center for Humans and Machines, Max Planck Institute for Human Development, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nasimeh Bahmanian
- Department of Language and Literature, Max Planck Institute for Empirical Aesthetics, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- Department of Modern Languages, Goethe University, Frankfurt/M, Germany
| | - Gemma Roig
- Computer Science Department, Goethe University, Frankfurt/M, Germany
- The Hessian Center for Artificial Intelligence (hessian.AI), Darmstadt, Germany
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Ratnapradipa K, Samson K, Dai HD. Randomised experiment for the effect of 'Tobacco-Free Nicotine' messaging on current e-cigarette users' perceptions, preferences and intentions. Tob Control 2024; 33:441-448. [PMID: 36596708 PMCID: PMC10315418 DOI: 10.1136/tc-2022-057507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether emerging synthetic tobacco-free nicotine superiority messages such as 'better flavor and better experience' and 'no residual impurities of tobacco-derived nicotine' may impact consumer perception and product choice between synthetic and tobacco-derived nicotine vaping products. METHODS Through a 2022 online survey of current e-cigarette users, we identified synthetic nicotine never users for randomisation into an embedded between-subjects experiment. The test group (n=186) viewed a tobacco-free nicotine message versus no message control (n=168). Multivariable regressions assessed messaging effects on three comparative measures between tobacco-free and tobacco-derived nicotine: harm perception, purchase intention and willingness to pay. RESULTS Participants (n=354; age, mean (SD)=34.6 (11.1) years old) were recruited from geographically diverse regions with 27.7% rural residents. The overall sample comprised 44.1% females, 73.5% non-Hispanic white and 71.8% daily e-cigarette users. Sociodemographics and tobacco use status were not significantly different between two randomised groups. The test group (vs control) reported a higher intention to use tobacco-free than tobacco-derived nicotine vaping products (adjusted OR (AOR)=2.4, 95% CI 1.3 to 4.4, p=0.006) and willingness to pay more for tobacco-free nicotine vaping products (AOR=2.6, 95% CI 1.2 to 5.8, p=0.02). Urban (vs rural) synthetic-naïve vapers had lower harm perception (AOR=2.0, 95% CI 1.1 to 3.6, p=0.02) and higher intention to use tobacco-free than tobacco-derived nicotine vaping products (AOR=2.2, 95% CI 1.1 to 4.5, p=0.04); infrequent vapers were more willing to pay more for tobacco-free nicotine vaping products (AOR=1.1, 95% CI 1.03 to 1.17, p=0.002). CONCLUSION Tobacco-free nicotine marketing message may prompt the transition to and promote a price premium for such products. With the proliferation of products in the market, comprehensive regulation of emerging synthetic vaping products is needed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaeli Samson
- University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA
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Prouty H, Rose LE, Hussaini H, Sy JRT, Sanders SM. Psychological distress and alcohol use disorder in college students of color: Social support's moderating properties. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2024:1-17. [PMID: 38884615 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2024.2367243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Alcohol use is prevalent among college students. Research has found that psychological distress in the form of depression, anxiety, or loneliness has been consistently associated with greater alcohol use. Because Students of Color (SoC) disproportionately experience greater psychological distress than White students, it is critical to determine buffers against psychological distress and subsequent alcohol use consequences. Previous literature found that social support can protect against the effects of psychological distress and weaken its link with alcohol use. This study aimed to determine the moderating effect of social support in the relation between psychological distress and alcohol use among SoC. College Students of Color from across the U.S. (n = 211, Mage = 27.51, SD = 9.63) were recruited via Prolific to answer an online survey through Qualtrics. Linear regression analyses showed that psychological distress variables (i.e., depression, anxiety, and loneliness) were positively associated with alcohol use. However, moderation analysis did not find any form of social support to moderate the relation between psychological distress variables and alcohol use. Future research needs to identify other protective factors against alcohol use to support SoC in their academic journey.
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Lazuras L, Ypsilanti A, Mullings E. The Emotional Burden of Loneliness and its Association with Mental Health Outcomes. Int J Behav Med 2024; 31:372-379. [PMID: 38241001 PMCID: PMC11106108 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-023-10255-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined, for the first time, the emotional burden of loneliness on dimensions of emotional valence and arousal, and its association with mental health outcomes. METHOD A cross-sectional design was used, and data were collected from 503 adults across the UK with an online survey. Measures included socio-demographic characteristics, self-reported measures of loneliness and social isolation, affective ratings (i.e., valence and arousal) of loneliness experiences, and symptoms of depression and anxiety as mental health outcomes. RESULTS The emotional burden of loneliness differed significantly across groups with differing loneliness experiences, and females scored significantly higher in the emotional burden of loneliness than males. The emotional burden of loneliness was associated with both depression and anxiety symptoms, and respectively added 4.7% and 6.2% of the variance, on top of measures of loneliness frequency and social isolation. CONCLUSIONS Measuring the valence and arousal dimensions of loneliness experiences advances our understanding of loneliness experiences and its association with mental health outcomes. The theoretical, methodological, and practical implications of our study are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lambros Lazuras
- School of Sport & Exercise Science, University of Lincoln, England, UK
| | - Antonia Ypsilanti
- Centre of Behavioural Science and Applied Psychology, Department of Psychology, Sociology & Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK.
| | - Emma Mullings
- Department of Psychology, Sociology & Politics, Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, UK
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Kotov R, Carpenter WT, Cicero DC, Correll CU, Martin EA, Young JW, Zald DH, Jonas KG. Psychosis superspectrum II: neurobiology, treatment, and implications. Mol Psychiatry 2024; 29:1293-1309. [PMID: 38351173 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-024-02410-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Alternatives to traditional categorical diagnoses have been proposed to improve the validity and utility of psychiatric nosology. This paper continues the companion review of an alternative model, the psychosis superspectrum of the Hierarchical Taxonomy of Psychopathology (HiTOP). The superspectrum model aims to describe psychosis-related psychopathology according to data on distributions and associations among signs and symptoms. The superspectrum includes psychoticism and detachment spectra as well as narrow subdimensions within them. Auxiliary domains of cognitive deficit and functional impairment complete the psychopathology profile. The current paper reviews evidence on this model from neurobiology, treatment response, clinical utility, and measure development. Neurobiology research suggests that psychopathology included in the superspectrum shows similar patterns of neural alterations. Treatment response often mirrors the hierarchy of the superspectrum with some treatments being efficacious for psychoticism, others for detachment, and others for a specific subdimension. Compared to traditional diagnostic systems, the quantitative nosology shows an approximately 2-fold increase in reliability, explanatory power, and prognostic accuracy. Clinicians consistently report that the quantitative nosology has more utility than traditional diagnoses, but studies of patients with frank psychosis are currently lacking. Validated measures are available to implement the superspectrum model in practice. The dimensional conceptualization of psychosis-related psychopathology has implications for research, clinical practice, and public health programs. For example, it encourages use of the cohort study design (rather than case-control), transdiagnostic treatment strategies, and selective prevention based on subclinical symptoms. These approaches are already used in the field, and the superspectrum provides further impetus and guidance for their implementation. Existing knowledge on this model is substantial, but significant gaps remain. We identify outstanding questions and propose testable hypotheses to guide further research. Overall, we predict that the more informative, reliable, and valid characterization of psychopathology offered by the superspectrum model will facilitate progress in research and clinical care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Kotov
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA.
| | | | - David C Cicero
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA
| | - Christoph U Correll
- Department of Psychiatry, The Zucker Hillside Hospital, Northwell Health, Glen Oaks, NY, USA
- Department of Psychiatry and Molecular Medicine, Donald and Barbara Zucker School of Medicine at Hofstra/Northwell, Hempstead, NY, USA
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Elizabeth A Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jared W Young
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
- Research Service, VA San Diego Healthcare System, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - David H Zald
- Rutgers University, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Katherine G Jonas
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Health, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, USA
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Howard MC. Relations of behavioral inhibition and activation system sensitivities with vaccination outcomes: Investigating the mediating role of vaccine hesitancy in older adults. J Health Psychol 2024; 29:28-41. [PMID: 37691413 DOI: 10.1177/13591053231197645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of behavioral inhibition system (BIS) and behavioral activation system (BAS) sensitivities has produced a multitude of models and frameworks to better understand decision-making and behavior. We extend this research to the study of a vaccination by exploring the relation of BIS and BAS sensitivities with vaccination willingness, receipt, and word-of-mouth. We also assess whether dimensions of vaccine hesitancy mediate these relations, testing whether they are viable explanatory mechanisms. By conducting a multi-wave survey study, our results support that BIS sensitivity does not meaningfully relate to vaccine hesitancy or vaccination outcomes. On the other hand, BAS sensitivity related to detrimental vaccination outcomes, and these effects were mediated by vaccine hesitancy dimensions associated with perceptions that vaccines cause health risks and are not needed for healthy individuals. Based on extant BIS and BAS theory, these results suggest that certain people may see refraining from vaccination as a nonpunishment.
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Schepisi M, Liuzza MT, Frisanco A, Giannini AM, Aglioti SM. Attitudes towards Italian Mafias Scale (AIMS): development and validation. PeerJ 2023; 11:e16120. [PMID: 37901458 PMCID: PMC10607589 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/31/2023] Open
Abstract
In two studies we aimed at developing the Attitude towards Italian Mafias Scale (AIMS). In study 1 (N = 292) we used an Exploratory Factor Analysis to reduce the number of the items and explore their latent constructs. In study 2 (N = 393) we performed a Confirmatory Factor Analysis on the resulting 18-item questionnaire, whose latent structure was best identified by a general factor Mafia Attitude and three specific factors related to Behaviors, Cognitions and Emotions-Cognitions towards mafias. Moreover, we showed that the AIMS has (i) discriminant validity compared to a measure of attitudes towards crime, (ii) predictive validity of donation behavior to an association against mafias, (iii) internal consistency, and (iv) invariance for people of the five deep-rooted mafia regions of Southern Italy and those from the rest of Italy. Finally, we observed a difference between the participants from the five deep-rooted mafia regions (i.e., Apulia, Basilicata, Calabria, Campania, Sicily) and the rest of Italy, with the former having surprisingly more negative attitudes towards mafias compared to the latter. The AIMS might help to reliably survey people's sentiment towards Italian mafias and promote targeted and effective law-related education interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael Schepisi
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome Center for Life Nano-&Neuroscience, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Marco Tullio Liuzza
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Althea Frisanco
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome Center for Life Nano-&Neuroscience, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Maria Aglioti
- Department of Psychology, Sapienza University of Rome Center for Life Nano-&Neuroscience, Fondazione Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia (IIT), Rome, Italy
- IRCSS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
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Lam SU, Xie Q, Goldberg SB. Situating Meditation Apps Within the Ecosystem of Meditation Practice: Population-Based Survey Study. JMIR Ment Health 2023; 10:e43565. [PMID: 37115618 PMCID: PMC10182467 DOI: 10.2196/43565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meditation apps have the potential to increase access to evidence-based strategies to promote mental health. However, it is currently unclear how meditation apps are situated within the broader landscape of meditation practice and what factors may influence engagement with them. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to clarify the prevalence and correlates of meditation app use in a population-based sample of individuals with lifetime exposure to meditation in the United States. In addition, we sought to identify the concerns and desired features of meditation apps among those with lifetime exposure to meditation. METHODS A total of 953 participants completed an initial screening survey. Of these 953 participants, 434 (45.5%) reported lifetime exposure to meditation and completed a follow-up survey (434/470, 92.3% response rate) assessing their meditation app use, anxiety, depression, loneliness, initial motivation for meditation, and concerns about and desired features of meditation apps. RESULTS Almost half (434/953, 45.5%) of the participants who completed the screening survey reported lifetime exposure to meditation. Among those with lifetime exposure to meditation (ie, meditators), more than half (255/434, 58.8%) had used meditation apps at least once in their lives, and 21.7% (94/434) used meditation apps weekly or daily (ie, active users). Younger age, higher anxiety, and a mental health motivation for practicing meditation were associated with lifetime exposure to meditation apps. Among meditators, those with lifetime exposure to meditation apps were more likely to report concerns about apps, including concerns regarding the cost and effectiveness of apps, time required for use, technical issues with apps, and app user-friendliness. Meditators who used meditation apps weekly or daily (ie, active users) were younger, less likely to be men and non-Latinx White individuals and have lower income, and more likely to have an initial spiritual motivation for meditation. Active users reported more concerns regarding usability and technical problems and were less likely to report disinterest in apps. Headspace and Calm were the most frequently used apps. Tips and reminders for practice, encouragement of "mini" practices, and mental health content were the most desired features. Participants were less interested in social features (eg, the ability to communicate with other users or teachers). CONCLUSIONS Meditation apps are commonly used by meditators in the United States, with a higher use among certain demographic groups. Future studies may increase user engagement in meditation apps by addressing concerns (eg, cost and effectiveness) and incorporating desired features (eg, tips and reminders for practice).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sin U Lam
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
| | - Simon B Goldberg
- Department of Counseling Psychology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
- Center for Healthy Minds, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, United States
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Howard MC. Relation of Personal Characteristics with Human Papillomavirus Vaccination Outcomes: Assessing the Mediating Role of Vaccine Hesitancy Dimensions. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SEXUAL HEALTH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE WORLD ASSOCIATION FOR SEXUAL HEALTH 2023; 35:167-180. [PMID: 38596759 PMCID: PMC10903565 DOI: 10.1080/19317611.2023.2180127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Recent findings suggest that the rate of certain cancers can be reduced by increasing human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination coverage, resulting in considerable research interest on the antecedents of HPV vaccine receipt to identify avenues to promote vaccination. The current article continues this stream of research by (1) studying the three HPV vaccination outcomes of willingness, receipt, and word-of-mouth, (2) investigating the antecedent effects of sociodemographic characteristics, health insurance status, provider conversation, and political orientation, and (3) testing the mediating role of vaccine hesitancy dimensions using a recently developed conceptualization. We achieve these goals by conducting a cross-sectional study with 404 participants (Agemean = 37.64; AgeSD = 14.91; 57% female; 72% white; 100% located in U.S.). Our results show that provider conversations and political orientation had the most consistent and strong effects of the personal characteristics, whereas perceptions that vaccines pose health risks and perceptions that vaccines are not needed for healthy individuals produced the most consistent and strong effects of the vaccine hesitancy dimensions. Other personal characteristics and vaccine hesitancy dimensions also produced intermittent significant effects, including age, education, and race. Together, these results support that personal characteristics and vaccine hesitancy dimensions relate to a broader range of outcomes associated with HPV vaccination than previously known, and these results also support that the recently developed conceptualization of vaccine hesitancy is apt for understanding HPV vaccine perceptions. Our discussion concludes with highlighting avenues for future research and practice that can leverage our discovered relations to improve HPV vaccination outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matt C. Howard
- Mitchell College of Business, The University of South Alabama, Mobile, AL, USA
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The indirect effect of self-compassion in the association between autistic traits and anxiety/depression: A cross-sectional study in autistic and non-autistic adults. AUTISM : THE INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2022:13623613221132109. [DOI: 10.1177/13623613221132109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
This study followed a pre-registered analysis plan with the aim to investigate whether autistic traits and self-compassion are correlated in autistic adults, and to test an indirect effect of autistic traits on anxiety/depression via self-compassion. We present the findings of an online survey of 456 participants ( n = 228 autistic adults, n = 228 non-autistic adults) who completed the Autism Spectrum Quotient (AQ), the Self-Compassion Scale (SCS) and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS). Lower self-compassion was reported by autistic participants compared to non-autistic participants, and a negative correlation was found between autistic traits and self-compassion in both groups. Furthermore, an indirect association between autistic traits and anxiety/depression via self-compassion was observed in both samples. Considering that many autistic people experience co-occurring anxiety and depression, and that self-compassion is a skill that can be cultivated with practice, the findings of this study suggest that self-compassion may be a modifiable factor that could improve the mental health of this population. Lay abstract Previous research on non-autistic adults suggests self-compassion may serve to reduce mental health problems and promote psychological well-being. Correlations between autistic traits and self-compassion have been observed in non-clinical populations. In this study, we were interested in extending previous research by exploring relationships between autistic traits, self-compassion and anxiety/depression in autistic adults without intellectual disability. The findings revealed that on average autistic people reported lower self-compassion than non-autistic people. Once we accounted for levels of self-compassion in our statistical model, this resulted in a complete loss of statistical significance in the relationships between autistic traits and anxiety/depression. Self-compassion may be a useful target for clinical intervention in autistic adults with co-occurring mental health difficulties.
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Villalongo Andino M, Brown MFD, Sturgeon T, Stanton K. A cross-sample examination of lay rater perceptions of narcissistic grandiosity and vulnerability and their correlates. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-022-03851-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Williams ZJ, Cascio CJ, Woynaroski TG. Psychometric validation of a brief self-report measure of misophonia symptoms and functional impairment: The duke-vanderbilt misophonia screening questionnaire. Front Psychol 2022; 13:897901. [PMID: 35936331 PMCID: PMC9355318 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.897901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Misophonia is a newly described disorder of sound tolerance characterized by strong negative emotional reactions to specific "trigger" sounds, resulting in significant distress, pathological avoidance, and impairment in daily life. Research on misophonia is still in its infancy, and most existing psychometric tools for assessing misophonia symptoms have not been extensively validated. The purpose of the current study was to introduce and psychometrically validate the duke-vanderbilt Misophonia Screening Questionnaire (DVMSQ), a novel self-report measure of misophonia symptoms that can be used to determine misophonia "caseness" in clinical and research settings. Employing large online samples of general population adults (n = 1403) and adults on the autism spectrum (n = 936), we rigorously evaluated the internal structure, reliability, validity, and measurement invariance of the DVMSQ. Results indicated that 17 of the 20 original DVMSQ items fit well to a bifactor structure with one "general misophonia" factor and four specific factors (anger/aggression, distress/avoidance, impairment, and global impact). DVMSQ total and subscale scores were highly reliable in both general population and autistic adult samples, and the measure was found to be approximately invariant across age, sex, education level, and autism status. DVMSQ total scores also correlated strongly with another measure of misophonia symptoms (Duke Misophonia Questionnaire-Symptom Scale), with correlations between these two measures being significantly stronger than correlations between the DVMSQ and scales measuring other types of sound intolerance (Inventory of Hyperacusis Symptoms [General Loudness subscale] and DSM-5 Severity Measure for Specific Phobia [modified for phonophobia]). Additionally, DVMSQ items were used to operationalize diagnostic criteria for misophonia derived from the Revised Amsterdam Criteria, which were further updated to reflect a recent consensus definition of misophonia (published after the development of the DVMSQ). Using the new DVMSQ algorithm, 7.3% of general population adults and 35.5% of autistic adults met criteria for clinically significant misophonia. Although additional work is needed to further investigate the psychometric properties of the DVMSQ and validate its theory-based screening algorithm using best-estimate clinical diagnoses, this novel measure represents a potentially useful tool to screen for misophonia and quantify symptom severity and impairment in both autistic adults and the general population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zachary J. Williams
- Medical Scientist Training Program, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Carissa J. Cascio
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
| | - Tiffany G. Woynaroski
- Department of Hearing and Speech Sciences, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Brain Institute, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Frist Center for Autism and Innovation, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN, United States
- Vanderbilt Kennedy Center, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, United States
- Department of Communication Sciences and Disorders, John A. Burns School of Medicine, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI, United States
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