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Komura T, Takada Y. NADP + -dependent isocitrate dehydrogenase isozymes from a psychrotrophic bacterium, Psychrobacter sp. strain 13A. J Basic Microbiol 2021; 61:612-626. [PMID: 34101864 DOI: 10.1002/jobm.202000720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 05/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The genes encoding dimeric and monomeric isocitrate dehydrogenase (IDH) isozymes from a psychrotrophic bacterium, strain 13A (13AIDH-D and 13AIDH-M, respectively), were cloned and sequenced. The deduced amino acid sequences of these two IDHs showed high degrees of identity with those of bacteria of genus Psychrobacter. Analysis of the 16S ribosomal RNA gene of the strain 13A revealed that this bacterium is classified to genus Psychrobacter. The optimum temperatures for activities of 13AIDH-D and 13AIDH-M were 55°C and 45°C, respectively, indicating that they are mesophilic. On the contrary, 13AIDH-D maintained 90% of its maximum activity after incubation for 10 min at 50°C, while the 13AIDH-M activity was completely lost under the same condition. In addition, 13AIDH-D showed much higher specific activity than 13AIDH-M. From northern and western blot analyses, the 13AIDH-D gene was found to be not transcribed under the growth conditions tested in this study. However, the catalytic ability of the mesophilic 13AIDH-M was concluded to be enough to sustain the growth of strain 13A at low temperatures. Therefore, a novel pattern of the contribution of IDH isozymes in cold-living bacteria to their growth at low temperatures was confirmed in strain 13A.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuhiko Komura
- Biosystems Science Course, Graduate School of Life Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Takada
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Yang X, Geng B, Zhu C, Li H, He B, Guo H. Fermentation performance optimization in an ectopic fermentation system. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2018; 260:329-337. [PMID: 29635213 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.03.101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2018] [Revised: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ectopic fermentation systems (EFSs) were developed for wastewater treatment. Previous studies have investigated the ability of thermophilic bacteria to improve fermentation performance in EFS. Continuing this research, we evaluated EFS performance using principle component analysis and investigated the addition of different proportions of cow dung. Viable bacteria communities were clustered and identified using BOX-AIR-based repetitive extragenic palindromic-PCR and 16S rDNA analysis. The results revealed optimal conditions for the padding were maize straw inoculated with thermophilic bacteria. Adding 20% cow dung yielded the best pH values (6.94-8.56), higher temperatures, increased wastewater absorption, improved litter quality, and greater microbial quantities. The viable bacteria groups were enriched by the addition of thermophilic consortium, and exogenous strains G21, G14, G4-1, and CR-15 were detected in fermentation process. The proportion of Bacillus species in treatment groups reached 70.37% after fermentation, demonstrating that thermophilic bacteria, especially Bacillus, have an important role in EFS, supporting previous predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotong Yang
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Geng
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Changxiong Zhu
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongna Li
- Institute of Environment and Sustainable Development in Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Buwei He
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Guo
- College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing, China.
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Oppold AM, Pedrosa JAM, Bálint M, Diogo JB, Ilkova J, Pestana JLT, Pfenninger M. Support for the evolutionary speed hypothesis from intraspecific population genetic data in the non-biting midge Chironomus riparius. Proc Biol Sci 2016; 283:20152413. [PMID: 26888029 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2015.2413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The evolutionary speed hypothesis (ESH) proposes a causal mechanism for the latitudinal diversity gradient. The central idea of the ESH is that warmer temperatures lead to shorter generation times and increased mutation rates. On an absolute time scale, both should lead to an acceleration of selection and drift. Based on the ESH, we developed predictions regarding the distribution of intraspecific genetic diversity: populations of ectothermic species with more generations per year owing to warmer ambient temperatures should be more differentiated from each other, accumulate more mutations and show evidence for increased mutation rates compared with populations in colder regions. We used the multivoltine insect species Chironomus riparius to test these predictions with cytochrome oxidase I (COI) sequence data and found that populations from warmer regions are indeed significantly more differentiated and have significantly more derived haplotypes than populations from colder regions. We also found a significant correlation of the annual mean temperature with the population mutation parameter θ that serves as a proxy for the per generation mutation rate under certain assumptions. This pattern could be corroborated with two nuclear loci. Overall, our results support the ESH and indicate that the thermal regime experienced may be crucially driving the evolution of ectotherms and may thus ultimately govern their speciation rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ann-Marie Oppold
- Molecular Ecology Group, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - João A M Pedrosa
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal Conservation Genetics Group, Senckenberg Research Institute, Gelnhausen, Hessen, Germany
| | - Miklós Bálint
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - João B Diogo
- Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
| | - Julia Ilkova
- Institute of Biodiversity and Ecosystem research, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - João L T Pestana
- Departamento de Biologia and CESAM, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Markus Pfenninger
- Molecular Ecology Group, Institute for Ecology, Evolution and Diversity, Goethe-University Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany Senckenberg Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre, Frankfurt am Main, Hessen, Germany
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Oppold A, Kreß A, Vanden Bussche J, Diogo JB, Kuch U, Oehlmann J, Vandegehuchte MB, Müller R. Epigenetic alterations and decreasing insecticide sensitivity of the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 122:45-53. [PMID: 26188644 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.06.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A range of environmental factors, including chemicals, can affect epigenetic processes in organisms leading to variations in phenotype. Thus, epigenetics displays an important environmentally responsive element. The transgenerational impact of environmental stressors on DNA methylation and phenotype was the focus of this study. The influence of two known DNA methylation-changing agents, the phytoestrogen genistein and the fungicide vinclozolin, on the overall DNA methylation level in the Asian tiger mosquito Aedes albopictus was investigated. The experiment comprised four generations in a full life-cycle design with an exposed parental generation and three consecutive non-exposed offspring generations. Application of the methylation agents to the parental generation of the study led to an alteration of the global DNA methylation level of the exposed individuals and those in two subsequent generations. The phenotypic variability of the offspring generations was assessed by examining their insecticide sensitivity. Here, a significant decrease in sensitivity (p<0.01) towards the model insecticide imidacloprid revealed alterations of the mosquito's phenotype in two subsequent generations. Thus, the evaluation of A. albopictus from an epigenetic perspective can contribute important information to the study of the high adaptability of this invasive disease vector to new environments, and its underlying mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Oppold
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiKF), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
| | - A Kreß
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiKF), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Vanden Bussche
- Laboratory of Chemical Analysis, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Salisburylaan 133, 9820 Merelbeke, Belgium
| | - J B Diogo
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiKF), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - U Kuch
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 9b, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - J Oehlmann
- Biodiversity and Climate Research Centre (BiKF), Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, Senckenberganlage 25, 60325 Frankfurt am Main, Germany; Department Aquatic Ecotoxicology, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Max-von-Laue-Str. 13, 60438 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - M B Vandegehuchte
- Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology (GhEnToxLab), Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Jozef Plateaustraat 22, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - R Müller
- Institute of Occupational Medicine, Social Medicine and Environmental Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, Haus 9b, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Nia AM, Caglayan E, Gassanov N, Zimmermann T, Aslan O, Hellmich M, Duru F, Erdmann E, Rosenkranz S, Er F. Beta1-adrenoceptor polymorphism predicts flecainide action in patients with atrial fibrillation. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11421. [PMID: 20625396 PMCID: PMC2896398 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 06/11/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Antiarrhythmic action of flecainide is based on sodium channel blockade. Beta1-adrenoceptor (β1AR) activation induces sodium channel inhibition, too. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the impact of different β1AR genotypes on antiarrhythmic action of flecainide in patients with structural heart disease and atrial fibrillation. Methodology/Principal Findings In 145 subjects, 87 with atrial fibrillation, genotyping was performed to identify the individual β1AR Arg389Gly and Ser49Gly polymorphism. Resting heart rate during atrial fibrillation and success of flecainide-induced cardioversion were correlated with β1AR genotype. The overall cardioversion rate with flecainide was 39%. The Arg389Arg genotype was associated with the highest cardioversion rate (55.5%; OR 3.30; 95% CI; 1.34–8.13; p = 0.003) compared to patients with Arg389Gly (29.5%; OR 0.44; 95% CI; 0.18–1.06; p = 0.066) and Gly389Gly (14%; OR 0.24; 95% CI 0.03–2.07; p = 0.17) variants. The single Ser49Gly polymorphism did not influence the conversion rate. In combination, patients with Arg389Gly-Ser49Gly genotype displayed the lowest conversion rate with 20.8% (OR 0.31; 95% CI; 0.10–0.93; p = 0.03). In patients with Arg389Arg variants the heart rate during atrial fibrillation was significantly higher (110±2.7 bpm; p = 0.03 vs. other variants) compared to Arg389Gly (104.8±2.4 bpm) and Gly389Gly (96.9±5.8 bpm) carriers. The Arg389Gly-Ser49Gly genotype was more common in patients with atrial fibrillation compared to patients without atrial fibrillation (27.6% vs. 5.2%; HR 6.98; 95% CI; 1.99–24.46; p<0.001). Conclusions The β1AR Arg389Arg genotype is associated with increased flecainide potency and higher heart rate during atrial fibrillation. The Arg389Gly-Ser49Gly genotype might be of predictive value for atrial fibrillation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir M. Nia
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Evren Caglayan
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Natig Gassanov
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Tom Zimmermann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Orhan Aslan
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Martin Hellmich
- Institute of Medical Statistics, Informatics and Epidemiology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Firat Duru
- Clinic for Cardiology, University Hospital Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Erland Erdmann
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Stephan Rosenkranz
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Fikret Er
- Department of Internal Medicine III, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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DUAN YF, LIU J, BIAN CS, DUAN SG, XU JF, JIN LP. Construction of Fingerprinting and Analysis of Genetic Diversity with SSR Markers for Eighty-Eight Approved Potato Cultivars ( Solanum tuberosum L.) in China. ZUOWU XUEBAO 2009. [DOI: 10.3724/sp.j.1006.2009.01451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Woo HJ, Sung JK, Kim JB, Kim NY, Lee SM, Shin KS, Lim SH, Suh SC, Kim KH, Cho YG. Transgenic tobacco with γ-TMT of perilla showed increased salt resistance and altered pigment synthesis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.5010/jpb.2008.35.4.329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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8
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Li R, Hartung JS. Reverse Transcription‐Polymerase Chain Reaction‐Based Detection of Plant Viruses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; Chapter 16:Unit 16C.1. [DOI: 10.1002/9780471729259.mc16c01s6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cheng H, Jin W, Wu H, Wang F, You C, Peng Y, Jia S. Isolation and PCR Detection of Foreign DNA Sequences in Bee Honey Raised on Genetically Modified Bt (Cry 1 Ac) Cotton. FOOD AND BIOPRODUCTS PROCESSING 2007. [DOI: 10.1205/fbp06056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang BW, Li M, Ma LC, Wei FW. A widely applicable protocol for DNA isolation from fecal samples. Biochem Genet 2007; 44:503-12. [PMID: 17094033 DOI: 10.1007/s10528-006-9050-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Feces are increasingly used as sources of DNA for genetic and ecological research. This paper describes a new method for isolation of DNA from animal feces. This method combines multiple purification steps, including pretreatment with ethanol and TE, an inhibitor-absorber made of starch, the CTAB method, the phenol-chloroform extraction method, and the guanidinium thiocyanate-silica method. The new method is efficient according to PCR results of 585 fecal samples from 23 species and costs much less than the commercial kits. The protocol can be tailored to the specific purpose of examining different diets of animals and can be performed with routine laboratory reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Wei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Ecology and Conservation Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 25 Beisihuan Xilu, Haidian, Beijing, PR China
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Bae TW, Lee HY, Ryu KH, Lee TH, Lim PO, Yoon PY, Park SY, Riu KZ, Song PS, Lee YE. Evaluation of horizontal gene transfer from genetically modified zoysiagrass to the indigenous microorganisms in isolated GMO field. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.5010/jpb.2007.34.1.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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JONES AS. USE OF ALKYLTRIMETHYLAMMONIUM BROMIDES FOR THE ISOLATION OF RIBO- AND DESOXYRIBO-NUCLEIC ACIDS. Nature 1996; 199:280-2. [PMID: 14076688 DOI: 10.1038/199280b0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Andachi Y, Yamao F, Muto A, Osawa S. Codon recognition patterns as deduced from sequences of the complete set of transfer RNA species in Mycoplasma capricolum. Resemblance to mitochondria. J Mol Biol 1989; 209:37-54. [PMID: 2478713 DOI: 10.1016/0022-2836(89)90168-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
The nucleotide sequences of the complete set of tRNA species in Mycoplasma capricolum, a derivative of Gram-positive eubacteria, have been determined. This bacterium represents the first genetic system in which the sequences of all the tRNA species have been determined at the RNA level. There are 29 tRNA species: three for Leu, two each for Arg, Ile, Lys, Met, Ser, Thr and Trp, and one each for the other 12 amino acids as judged from aminoacylation and the anticodon nucleotide sequences. The number of tRNA species is the smallest among all known genetic systems except for mitochondria. The tRNA anticodon sequences have revealed several features characteristic of M. capricolum. (1) There is only one tRNA species each for Ala, Gly, Leu, Pro, Ser and Val family boxes (4-codon boxes), and these tRNAs all have an unmodified U residue at the first position of the anticodon. (2) There are two tRNAThr species having anticodons UGU and AGU; the first positions of these anticodons are unmodified. (3) There is only one tRNA with anticodon ICG in the Arg family box (CGN); this tRNA can translate codons CGU, CGC and CGA. No tRNA capable of translating codon CGG has been detected, suggesting that CGG is an unassigned codon in this bacterium. (4) A tRNATrp with anticodon UCA is present, and reads codon UGA as Trp. On the basis of these and other observations, novel codon recognition patterns in M. capricolum are proposed. A comparatively small total, 13, of modified nucleosides is contained in all M. capricolum tRNAs. The 5' end nucleoside of the T psi C-loop (position 54) of all tRNAs is uridine, not modified to ribothymidine. The anticodon composition, and hence codon recognition patterns, of M. capricolum tRNAs resemble those of mitochondrial tRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Andachi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Nagoya University, Japan
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Hori H, Sawada M, Osawa S, Murao K, Ishikura H. The nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from Mycoplasma capricolum. Nucleic Acids Res 1981; 9:5407-10. [PMID: 7301591 PMCID: PMC327528 DOI: 10.1093/nar/9.20.5407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleotide sequence of 5S rRNA from Mycoplasma capricolum is UUGGUGGUAUAGCAUAGAGGUCACACCUGUUCCCAUGCCGAACACAGAAGUUAAGCUCUAUUACGGUGAAGAUAUUACU GAUGUGAGAAAAUAGCAAGCUGCCAGUUOH. The length is 107 nucleotides long, and the shortest in all the 5S rRNAs so far known. The sequence is more similar to those of the gram-positive bacteria than those of the gram-negative bacteria.
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Heckman JE, Hecker LI, Schwartzbach SD, Barnett WE, Baumstark B, RajBhandary UL. Structure and function of initiator methionine tRNA from the mitochondria of Neurospora crassa. Cell 1978; 13:83-95. [PMID: 145896 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(78)90140-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Walker RT, RajBhandary UL. Formylatable methionine transfer RNA from Mycoplasma: purification and comparison of partial nucleotide sequences with those of other prokaryotic initiator tRNAs. Nucleic Acids Res 1975; 2:61-78. [PMID: 1093144 PMCID: PMC342811 DOI: 10.1093/nar/2.1.61] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The major species of the formylatable methionine tRNA from Mycoplasma mycoides var capri has been purified. The 5'- and 3'-terminal sequences of the purified tRNA are pC-G- and C-A-A-C-C-AOH, respectively. Thus, this tRNA also contains the unique structural feature found in two other prokaryotic initiator tRNAs in that the first nucleotide at the 5'-end cannot form a Watson-Crick type of base-pair to the fifth nucleotide from the 3'-end. The Mycoplasma tRNA does not contain ribothymidine; however, a specific uridine residue in the sequence G-U-psi-C-G- can be enzymatically methylated by E. coli extracts to yield G-T-psi-C-G. Since ribothymidine is absent in crude tRNA from this strain of Mycoplasma, the absence of T is probably due to the lack of a U yields T modifying enzyme.
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Walker RT. Biosynthetic precursors of some modified nucleosides in the transfer ribonucleic acid of Mycoplasma mycoides var. capri. J Bacteriol 1971; 107:618-22. [PMID: 5095284 PMCID: PMC246979 DOI: 10.1128/jb.107.3.618-622.1971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The ribosomal and transfer ribonucleic acid (tRNA) from Mycoplasma mycoides var. capri, grown in a medium containing uridine-((14)C)-5'-triphosphate and cytidine-(5-(3)H)-5'-triphosphate, were isolated and separated. The uridine in both species of RNA was shown to contain (14)C and the cytidine to contain both (3)H and (14)C. Comparison of the labeling of 4-thiouridine and pseudouridine, obtained from an enzymatic digest of the RNA, indicates that their biosynthetic precursor is uridine, not cytidine. It is probable that ribothymidine and dihydrouridine have the same derivation.
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MESH Headings
- Carbon Isotopes
- Chemical Precipitation
- Cytidine/analysis
- Cytosine Nucleotides/metabolism
- Dialysis
- Freeze Drying
- Genetics, Microbial
- Hydrolysis
- Mycoplasma/analysis
- Mycoplasma/metabolism
- Nucleosides/analysis
- RNA, Bacterial/analysis
- RNA, Bacterial/biosynthesis
- RNA, Bacterial/isolation & purification
- RNA, Ribosomal/analysis
- RNA, Ribosomal/biosynthesis
- RNA, Ribosomal/isolation & purification
- RNA, Transfer/analysis
- RNA, Transfer/biosynthesis
- RNA, Transfer/isolation & purification
- Tritium
- Uracil Nucleotides/metabolism
- Uridine/analysis
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Owen RJ, Hill LR, Lapage SP. Determination of DNA base compositions from melting profiles in dilute buffers. Biopolymers 1969; 7:503-16. [PMID: 5785241 DOI: 10.1002/bip.1969.360070408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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Abstract
The electrophoretic patterns of cell proteins in polyacrylamide gels were used for the study of several taxonomic problems in the Mycoplasmatales. The patterns of five Mycoplasma hominis strains showed marked differences that corresponded with their known serological and nucleic acid heterogeneity. The patterns of three M. mycoides var. mycoides strains isolated in different countries were essentially identical. The electrophoretic patterns of several caprine strains resembled those of M. mycoides var. mycoides, supporting their classification as M. mycoides var. capri. Strain B3, a swine isolate, accordingly was tentatively identified as M. mycoides var. capri. The bovine mastitis strain M. agalactiae var. bovis possessed a pattern basically similar to that of the goat mastitis strain M. agalactiae, supporting the inclusion of both strains in one species. Three M. pulmonis strains isolated from rats or tissue cultures showed nearly identical patterns. The pattern of the toxigenic M. neurolyticum (Sabin A) strain resembled but was not identical with that of the nontoxigenic PG28 strain. The avian Mycoplasma species, M. gallisepticum, M. meleagridis, M. synoviae, M. gallinarum, and M. iners showed easily distinguishable and specific patterns, supporting their present classification in different species. Several improvements in the electrophoretic technique are described, and its advantages and limitations as a taxonomic tool are discussed.
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McGee ZA, Rogul M, Wittler RG. Molecular genetic studies of relationships among mycoplasma, L-forms and bacteria. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1967; 143:21-30. [PMID: 5233759 DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-6632.1967.tb27639.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Rogul M, McGee ZA, Wittler RG, Falkow S. Nucleic acid homologies of selected bacteria, L forms, Mycoplasma species. J Bacteriol 1965; 90:1200-4. [PMID: 5848325 PMCID: PMC315803 DOI: 10.1128/jb.90.5.1200-1204.1965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Rogul, M. (Walter Reed Army Institute of Research, Washington, D.C.), Z. A. McGee, R. G. Wittler, and Stanley Falkow. Nucleic acid homologies of selected bacteria, L forms, and Mycoplasma species. J. Bacteriol. 90:1200-1204. 1965.-The molar per cent of guanine plus cytosine (G + C) in the deoxyribonucleic acids (DNA) of Proteus mirabilis, strain 9, and its stable L form was determined by thermal denaturation and found to be approximately 39.5% G + C. The DNA homologies of this bacterium and its L form were estimated by the agar-column technique and were equivalent in their abilities to anneal and form specific duplexes. The next series of comparisons were performed between two Mycoplasma species and their often suggested bacterial parent. The G + C ratios of M. gallisepticum (32.7%), M. gallinarum (28.1%), and Haemophilus gallinarum (41.9%) varied to a high degree. In the homologous system, the denatured DNA of H. gallinarum trapped in agar bound approximately 40% of its sheared, denatured, and H(3)-labeled DNA. In comparison, the nucleic acids of M. gallinarum and M. gallisepticum were incapable of binding the labeled DNA of H. gallinarum. These findings provided evidence that the two strains of Mycoplasma were not derived from H. gallinarum.
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