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Wegner U, Matthes F, von Wirén N, Lemke I, Bode R, Vorbrodt HM, Rauter M, Kunze G. Enhancing a Sphaerobacter thermophilus ω-transaminase for kinetic resolution of β- and γ-amino acids. AMB Express 2023; 13:117. [PMID: 37864072 PMCID: PMC10589169 DOI: 10.1186/s13568-023-01623-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Sphaerobacter thermophilus synthesizes an ω-transaminase (ω-TA) that allows the production of enantiomerically pure β-amino acids. To obtain ω-TA variants with a higher activity and more favorable properties for industrial use, we modified critical amino acid residues either in the catalytic center or in a previously proposed signature motif critical for aromatic β-amino acid ω-TAs. Seventeen different variants of this enzyme were generated and their activity was examined with four β-amino acids and one γ-amino acid, and compared with the wildtype's activity. Among all variants, seven showed up to ninefold higher activity with at least one of the tested substrates. For most of these seven variants, the temperature optimum was even lower as in the wild type enzyme, with keeping a high temperature stability, making them more valuable for industrial purposes. Our results indicate that for the production of enantiomerically pure β-amino acids replacement of critical amino acid residues in the proposed signature motif of ω-TAs is a more effective strategy than modifying their catalytic center. Another finding was, that the proposed motif is not only suitable for aromatic amino acid ω-TAs, because some of the variants have a higher activity with β-alanine or β-leucine than with aromatic β-amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wegner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Falko Matthes
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Ina Lemke
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bode
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Jahnstr. 15, 17487, Greifswald, Germany
| | - H-Matthias Vorbrodt
- Orgentis Chemicals GmbH, Bahnhofstr. 3-5, 06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Marion Rauter
- Orgentis Chemicals GmbH, Bahnhofstr. 3-5, 06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany
| | - Gotthard Kunze
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, 06466, Seeland, OT Gatersleben, Germany.
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Wegner U, Matthes F, von Wirén N, Hajirezaei MR, Bode R, Kunze G, Rauter M. A transaminase with β-activity from Variovorax boronicumulans for the production of enantiopure β-amino acids. Heliyon 2022; 9:e12729. [PMID: 36685366 PMCID: PMC9850050 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Enantioselective transamination of amino acids is a great challenge in biotechnology as suitable enzymes with wide substrate spectrum are rare. Here, we present a new transaminase from Variovorax boronicumulans (VboTA, Variovorax boronicumulansω-transaminase) which is specific for β-amino acids. The amino acid sequence of VboTA is similar to an ω-transaminase from Variovorax paradoxus, for which a crystal-structure is available. This similarity is allowing us to classify VboTA as a fold type 1 ω-transaminase (ω-TA). Although both enzymes have a high sequence similarity (86% identities, 92% positives), there are differences in the active center, which allow VboTA to accept a broader substrate spectrum. Both enzymes have also a different temperature stability and temperature optimum. VboTA deaminates the D-form of aromatic β-amino acids, such as β-homophenylalanine and β-phenylalanine as well as aliphatic β-amino acids, such as β-homoalanine and β-leucine. The optimal reaction conditions turned out to be 32 °C and pH 9. Kinetic resolution lead to high enantiomeric excess of 86.6% to >99.9%, depending on the amino donor/acceptor pair. In contrast to many other ω-TAs, VboTA has a broad substrate spectrum and uses both aromatic or aliphatic amino acids. With γ-amino acids as substrates, VboTA showed no activity at all.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Wegner
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Falko Matthes
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Nicolaus von Wirén
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Mohammad-Reza Hajirezaei
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
| | - Rüdiger Bode
- Institute of Microbiology, University of Greifswald, Felix-Hausdorff-Str. 8, D-17489 Greifswald, Germany
| | - Gotthard Kunze
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Corrensstr. 3, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany,Corresponding author.
| | - Marion Rauter
- Orgentis Chemicals GmbH, Bahnhofstr. 3-5, OT Gatersleben, D-06466 Seeland, Germany
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3
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Nizami B, Bereczki-Szakál D, Varró N, el Battioui K, Nagaraj VU, Szigyártó IC, Mándity I, Beke-Somfai T. FoldamerDB: a database of peptidic foldamers. Nucleic Acids Res 2020; 48:D1122-D1128. [PMID: 31686102 PMCID: PMC7145536 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkz993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Revised: 10/10/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Foldamers are non-natural oligomers that mimic the structural behaviour of natural peptides, proteins and nucleotides by folding into a well-defined 3D conformation in solution. Since their first description about two decades ago, numerous studies have been undertaken dealing with the design, synthesis, characterization and application of foldamers. They have huge application potential as antimicrobial, anticancer and anti-HIV agents and in materials science. Despite their importance, there is no publicly available web resource providing comprehensive information on these compounds. Here we describe FoldamerDB, an open-source, fully annotated and manually curated database of peptidic foldamers. FoldamerDB holds the information about the sequence, structure and biological activities of the foldamer entries. It contains the information on over 1319 species and 1018 activities, collected from more than 160 research papers. The web-interface is designed to be clutter-free, user-friendly and it is compatible with devices of different screen sizes. The interface allows the user to search the database, browse and filter the foldamers using multiple criteria. It also offers a detailed help page to assist new users. FoldamerDB is hoped to bridge the gap in the freely available web-based resources on foldamers and will be of interest to diverse groups of scientists from chemists to biologists. The database can be accessed at http://foldamerdb.ttk.hu/.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Nizami
- MTA TTK Lendület Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Dorottya Bereczki-Szakál
- MTA TTK Lendület Artificial Transporter Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Varró
- MTA TTK Lendület Artificial Transporter Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Kamal el Battioui
- MTA TTK Lendület Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Vignesh U Nagaraj
- MTA TTK Lendület Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Imola Cs Szigyártó
- MTA TTK Lendület Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - István Mándity
- MTA TTK Lendület Artificial Transporter Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
| | - Tamás Beke-Somfai
- MTA TTK Lendület Biomolecular Self-Assembly Research Group, Institute of Materials and Environmental Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-1117 Budapest, Magyar Tudósok krt. 2, Hungary
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Kulkarni K, Motamed S, Habila N, Perlmutter P, Forsythe JS, Aguilar MI, Del Borgo MP. Orthogonal strategy for the synthesis of dual-functionalised β3-peptide based hydrogels. Chem Commun (Camb) 2016; 52:5844-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cc00624h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We describe a new class of hydrogelator based on helical β3-peptide foldamers carrying a bioactive payload. The β3-peptides self-assemble to form a nanofibrous mesh resulting in a stable hydrogel. Co-incubation with different β3-peptide monomers allowed tuning of cell adherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ketav Kulkarni
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
- Monash University
- Clayton Vic
- Australia
- School of Chemistry
| | - Sepideh Motamed
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering
- Monash University
- Australia
| | - Nathan Habila
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
- Monash University
- Clayton Vic
- Australia
| | | | - John S. Forsythe
- Department of Material Science and Engineering
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering
- Monash University
- Australia
| | - Marie-Isabel Aguilar
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
- Monash University
- Clayton Vic
- Australia
| | - Mark P. Del Borgo
- Monash Biomedicine Discovery Institute and Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology
- Monash University
- Clayton Vic
- Australia
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5
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Rudat J, Brucher BR, Syldatk C. Transaminases for the synthesis of enantiopure beta-amino acids. AMB Express 2012; 2:11. [PMID: 22293122 PMCID: PMC3281772 DOI: 10.1186/2191-0855-2-11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Optically pure β-amino acids constitute interesting building blocks for peptidomimetics and a great variety of pharmaceutically important compounds. Their efficient synthesis still poses a major challenge. Transaminases (also known as aminotransferases) possess a great potential for the synthesis of optically pure β-amino acids. These pyridoxal 5'-dependent enzymes catalyze the transfer of an amino group from a donor substrate to an acceptor, thus enabling the synthesis of a wide variety of chiral amines and amino acids. Transaminases can be applied either for the kinetic resolution of racemic compounds or the asymmetric synthesis starting from a prochiral substrate. This review gives an overview over microbial transaminases with activity towards β-amino acids and their substrate spectra. It also outlines current strategies for the screening of new biocatalysts. Particular emphasis is placed on activity assays which are applicable to high-throughput screening.
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6
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Coursindel T, Martinez J, Parrot I. Concise Pathway to New Multifunctionalized Constrained Pentacin Derivatives by Means of Two Stereospecific Tandem Reactions. European J Org Chem 2011. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201100593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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7
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Synthesis of N-phenyl β-amino acids via iridium-catalyzed asymmetric hydrogenation using mixed monodentate ligands. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2010.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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8
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9
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Wright K, Dutot L, Wakselman M, Mazaleyrat JP, Crisma M, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. Synthesis, resolution and assignment of absolute configuration of trans 3-amino-1-oxyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine-4-carboxylic acid (POAC), a cyclic, spin-labelled β-amino acid. Tetrahedron 2008. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2008.02.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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10
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Rotem S, Radzishevsky IS, Bourdetsky D, Navon-Venezia S, Carmeli Y, Mor A. Analogous oligo-acyl-lysines with distinct antibacterial mechanisms. FASEB J 2008; 22:2652-61. [PMID: 18385215 DOI: 10.1096/fj.07-105015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Bactericidal properties were recently shown to emerge from hydrophobicity and charge buildup in oligo-acyl-lysine (OAK) peptide mimetics. Toward understanding the attributes that govern the activity of this novel antimicrobial system, we compared the functional and mechanistic properties of a known octamer and a newly generated hexamer analog. The data provide strong evidence for multiple similarities that included high tissue stability, low hemolysis, large-spectrum antibacterial activity in vitro, and the ability to prevent Escherichia coli-induced mortality in vivo. Despite these similarities, however, the octamer mode of action involved membrane disruption, unlike the hexamer, which acted predominantly through inhibition of DNA functions with characteristically slower bactericidal kinetics. Collectively, the data support the view that the analogous OAKs induced bacterial death by distinct mechanisms and further suggest that relatively minor differences in the sequence of host defense peptides are responsible for selecting one mechanism over another, possibly in conjunction with differential binding affinities to the external and/or cytoplasmic membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahar Rotem
- Department of Biotechnology and Food Engineering, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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11
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Zhang J, King M, Suggs L, Ren P. Molecular modeling of conformational properties of oligodepsipeptides. Biomacromolecules 2007; 8:3015-24. [PMID: 17877396 DOI: 10.1021/bm070244c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
A depsipeptide is a chemical structure consisting of both ester and amide bonds. Quantum mechanics calculations have been performed to investigate the conformational properties of a depsidipeptide in the gas and solution phases. Similar to an alanine dipeptide, the depsidipeptide exhibits a strong preference for the polyproline II (PPII) helical conformation. Meanwhile, due to the changes in the intramolecular interaction, the propensity for beta-sheets and alpha-helices diminishes while an unusual inclination for the (phi,psi) = (-150 degrees ,0 degrees ) conformation was observed. A molecular mechanics model has been developed for polydepsipeptides based on the quantum mechanical study. Both simulated annealing and replica exchange molecular dynamics simulations have been carried out on oligodepsipeptide sequences with alternating depsi and natural residues in solution. Novel helical structures have been indicated from the simulations. When glycine is used as the alternating natural amino acid residue, the PPII conformation of a depsi residue stabilizes the peptide into a right-handed helical structure while the alpha-helical conformation of the depsi residue favors an overall left-handed helical structure. The free energy analysis indicates that both the left- and the right-handed helices are equally likely to exist. When charged lysine is introduced as the alternating natural residue, however, it is found that the depsipeptide sequence prefers an extended conformation as in PPII. Our results indicate that the depsipeptide is potentially useful in designing protein mimetics with controllable structure, function, and chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajing Zhang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
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12
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Trabocchi A, Scarpi D, Guarna A. Structural diversity of bicyclic amino acids. Amino Acids 2007; 34:1-24. [PMID: 17701095 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-007-0588-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2007] [Accepted: 07/12/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Over the years biomedical research has been constantly oriented towards the development of new therapeutics based on bioactive peptides and their analogues. In particular, the generation of compounds having structures and functions similar to bioactive peptides, named "peptidomimetics", raised much interest among organic and medicinal chemists due to the possibility by using such compounds to improve both potency and stability of peptidic lead compounds. In the context of this research area, unnatural amino acids are of great interest in drug discovery, and their use as new building blocks for the development of peptidomimetics with high diversity level and possessing high-ordered structures is of special interest. In particular, medicinal chemistry has taken advantage of the use of amino acid homologues and of cyclic and polycyclic templates to introduce elements of diversity for the generation of new molecules as drug candidates. Bicyclic amino acids have been developed as reverse turn mimetics and dipeptide isosteres, and the constraint imposed by their structures has been reported as a tool for controlling the conformational preferences of modified peptides. Moreover, synthetic efforts have been driven to the generation of diverse structures based on the modulation of ring size and scaffold decoration by suitable functional groups. Herein is reported an overview of different classes of bicyclic amino acids, taking into account the strategies to achieve structurally diverse templates, and some implications in medicinal chemistry are also disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Trabocchi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica Ugo Schiff, Università degli Studi di Firenze, Polo Scientifico e Tecnologico, Sesto Fiorentino, Firenze, Italy.
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13
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Sureshbabu VV, Patil BS, Venkataramanarao R. Preparation, isolation, and characterization of Nalpha-Fmoc-peptide isocyanates: solution synthesis of oligo-alpha-peptidyl ureas. J Org Chem 2007; 71:7697-705. [PMID: 16995676 DOI: 10.1021/jo0611723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The N(alpha)-Fmoc-peptide isocyanates 3a-q, 4a-c, and 5a-c were prepared by the Curtius rearrangement of N(alpha)-Fmoc-peptide acid azides in toluene under thermal, microwave, and ultrasonic conditions. All the N(alpha)-Fmoc-oligo-peptide isocyanates made were isolated as stable crystalline solids with 71 to 94% yield and were fully characterized by 1H NMR, 13C NMR, and mass spectroscopy. Their utility for the synthesis of oligo-alpha-peptidyl ureas 7a-f and 8a-c by the divergent coupling approach was demonstrated. The coupling of N(alpha)-Fmoc-dipeptide isocyanates with amino acid ester or with N,O-bis(trimethylsilyl)amino acids resulted in N(alpha)-Fmoc-tripeptidyl urea ester and acids containing one each of peptide bond and urea bond. The divergent approach is extended to the synthesis of tetrapeptidyl ureas by the 2 + 2 strategy using bis-TMS-peptide acid as an amino component. To incorporate urea bonds in adjacent positions, N(alpha)-Fmoc-peptidyl urea isocyanates 9a-d were prepared and employed in the synthesis of three tetrapeptidyl ureas 10a-b and 11 containing one peptide bond and two urea bonds in series from the N-terminal end. The protocol was then employed for the synthesis of five urea analogues 13-15, 18, and 21 of [Leu5]enkephalin containing urea bonds at the 2, 3, 4 positions as well as at the 2, 4 and 2, 3, 4 positions. The analogue 2l was made by the convergent synthesis by the N --> C terminal chain extension. Finally, two urea analogues 22 and 23 of repeat units of bioelasto polymers, namely Val-Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-OH and Pro-Gly-Val-Gly-Val-OH, were synthesized incorporating the urea bond by the concomitant isocyanate generation and urea bond formation under thermal conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vommina V Sureshbabu
- Department of Studies in Chemistry, Central College Campus, Bangalore University, Dr. B. R. Ambedkar Veedhi, Bangalore 560 001, India.
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14
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Wright K, Sarciaux M, de Castries A, Wakselman M, Mazaleyrat JP, Toffoletti A, Corvaja C, Crisma M, Peggion C, Formaggio F, Toniolo C. Synthesis of Enantiomerically Purecis- andtrans-4-Amino-1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-3-carboxylic Acid: A Spin-Labelled, Cyclic, Chiral β-Amino Acid, and 3D-Structural Analysis of a Doubly Spin-Labelled β-Hexapeptide. European J Org Chem 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200700153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Belsito E, Di Gioia ML, Greco A, Leggio A, Liguori A, Perri F, Siciliano C, Viscomi MC. N-Methyl-N-nosyl-β3-amino Acids. J Org Chem 2007; 72:4798-802. [PMID: 17539685 DOI: 10.1021/jo070438i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
N-Methyl-beta(3)-amino acids are important building blocks in the synthesis of biologically active molecules. A very simple and efficient approach to transform natural alpha-amino acids into their corresponding N-methyl-beta(3)-amino acids is here presented. In the method, the key intermediates N-methyl-N-nosyl-alpha-aminoacyldiazomethanes are prepared in only one step, by a simple treatment of the corresponding N-nosyl-alpha-aminoacyl chlorides with diazomethane. The synthetic route takes advantage from the use of the nosyl group. This N-masking moiety activates the NH function, and the N-methylation can directly occur during the acylation step of diazomethane, rendering useless a second step that instead is shown to be necessary in all the classical procedures already reported for the preparation of N-methyl-beta(3)-amino acids. The Wolff rearrangement of N-methyl-N-nosyl-alpha-aminoacyldiazomethanes provides the corresponding N-methyl-N-nosyl-beta(3)-amino acids with total retention of the chiral configuration of the starting alpha-amino acids. No epimerization of the chiral carbon atom is observed also when N-methyl-N-nosyl-beta(3)-amino acids are transformed into chlorides and coupled with alpha-amino acid methyl esters to achieve model scaffolds for biologically important modified peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilia Belsito
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università della Calabria, Via P. Bucci, Cubo 15/C, I-87036 Arcavacata di Rende (CS) - Italy
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16
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Martinek TA, Hetényi A, Fülöp L, Mándity IM, Tóth GK, Dékány I, Fülöp F. Secondary structure dependent self-assembly of beta-peptides into nanosized fibrils and membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2007; 45:2396-400. [PMID: 16526070 DOI: 10.1002/anie.200504158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tamás A Martinek
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Eötvös u. 6, 6720 Szeged, Hungary
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Martinek TA, Hetényi A, Fülöp L, Mándity IM, Tóth GK, Dékány I, Fülöp F. Secondary Structure Dependent Self-Assembly of β-Peptides into Nanosized Fibrils and Membranes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.200504158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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18
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Basler B, Schuster O, Bach T. Conformationally Constrained β-Amino Acid Derivatives by Intramolecular [2 + 2]-Photocycloaddition of a Tetronic Acid Amide and Subsequent Lactone Ring Opening. J Org Chem 2005; 70:9798-808. [PMID: 16292808 DOI: 10.1021/jo0515226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] The N-Boc-protected N-3-alkenyltetronic acid amides 9 and 12 were prepared from tetronic acid bromide (7) and the corresponding amines 6 and 10 by nucleophilic substitution and subsequent acylation in 71% and 39% overall yield. They underwent an intramolecular [2 + 2]-photocycloaddition upon direct irradiation (lambda = 254 nm) to yield diastereoselectively the strained lactones 15 (76%) and 16 (91%) with a 2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane core. In attempts to defunctionalize the 1-hydroxymethyl substituent of the 2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptane skeleton, lactone 15 was converted into mesylate 18 (74% overall yield). Intermolecular substitution reactions on this mesylate, however, proceeded sluggishly or failed completely. Lactone 15 could be opened reductively (Dibal-H) or by substitution with benzylamine to the N-Boc-protected 2-azabicyclo[3.2.0]heptanes 21 (71%) and 22 (81%). Conformationally constrained beta-amino acid derivatives were obtained by quantitative N-Boc deprotection of photocycloaddition product 15, followed by N-functionalization and subsequent lactone ring opening. The N-functionalization was conducted by acylation (to 24-26), alkylation (to 27), tosylation (to 28), and isocyanate addition (to 30). The reactions proceeded in yields of 70-84%. Lactone ring opening reactions were conducted with amines to establish the suitability of this process for library synthesis. As an example, the tripeptide 38 was obtained from photocycloaddition product 15 in an overall yield of 51%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Birte Basler
- Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie I, Technische Universität München, D-85747 Garching, Germany
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Danieli E, Trabocchi A, Menchi G, Guarna A. Synthesis of Glycidol- and Sugar-Derived Bicyclic β- and γ/δ-Amino Acids for Peptidomimetic Design. European J Org Chem 2005. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.200500386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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20
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Silveira CC, Vieira AS, Braga AL, Russowsky D. Stereoselective Mannich-type reaction of chlorotitanium α-phenylseleno esters enolates with aromatic aldimines. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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A convenient and new approach to the synthesis of ω-heterocyclic amino acids from carboxy lactams through ring-chain-transformation. Part 2: Synthesis of (2R)-/(2S)-2-aminomethyl-3-(1-aryl-/1,5-diaryl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-propionic acid. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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22
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Chung WJ, Omote M, Welch JT. The Catalytic Mannich Reaction of 1,1-Difluoro-2-trialkyl(aryl)silyl-2-trimethyl-silyloxyethenes: Preparation of β-Amino Acid Derivatives. J Org Chem 2005; 70:7784-7. [PMID: 16149816 DOI: 10.1021/jo050953l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
[reaction: see text] Catalytic Mannich reactions of 1,1-difluoro-2-trialkyl(aryl)silyl-2-trimethylsilyloxyethenes (3) with a variety of sulfonylimines were utilized for the preparation of alpha,alpha-difluoro-beta-amino acid derivatives (7). The influence of the Lewis acid on the reaction was examined. Methods for the conversion of alpha,alpha-difluoroacylsilanes to alpha,alpha-difluorocarboxylic acids were also explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Jin Chung
- Department of Chemistry, University at Albany, State University of New York, 1400 Washington Avenue, Albany, New York 12222, USA
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23
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Flores-Sánchez P, Escalante J, Castillo E. Enzymatic resolution of N-protected-β3-amino methyl esters, using lipase B from Candida antarctica. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.11.082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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24
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Synthesis of enantiopure cis- and trans-2-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acids from octahydroquinazolin-4-ones. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetasy.2004.08.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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25
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Péter A, Arki A, Vékes E, Tourwé D, Lázár L, Fülöp F, Armstrong DW. Direct and indirect high-performance liquid chromatographic enantioseparation of β-amino acids. J Chromatogr A 2004; 1031:171-8. [PMID: 15058580 DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2003.08.070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Direct and indirect reversed-phase (RP) high-performance liquid chromatographic methods were developed for the separation of enantiomers of 18 unnatural beta-amino acids, including several beta-3-homo amino acids. The direct separations of the underivatized analytes were performed on chiral stationary phases (CSPs) containing macrocyclic glycopeptide antibiotic teicoplanin (Chirobiotic T column) and teicoplanin aglycone (Chirobiotic TAG column). The indirect method involved pre-column derivatization with a new chiral derivatizing agent (CDA), (S)-N-(4-nitrophenoxycarbonyl)phenylalanine methoxyethyl ester ((S)-NIFE), and subsequent separation of diastereomers on Discovery C18 and Hyperpep 300 C18 columns. The different methods were compared in systematic chromatographic examinations. The effects of organic modifier, mobile phase composition, pH and flow rate on the separation were investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antal Péter
- Department of Inorganic and Analytical Chemistry, University of Szeged, Dóm tér 7, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary.
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26
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Arnt L, Tew GN. Conformational Changes of Facially Amphiphilic meta-Poly(phenylene ethynylene)s in Aqueous Solution. Macromolecules 2004. [DOI: 10.1021/ma034436l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Lachelle Arnt
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 120 Governors Dr., Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
| | - Gregory N. Tew
- Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, 120 Governors Dr., Amherst, Massachusetts 01003
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27
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Sorochinsky A, Voloshin N, Markovsky A, Belik M, Yasuda N, Uekusa H, Ono T, Berbasov DO, Soloshonok VA. Convenient asymmetric synthesis of beta-substituted alpha,alpha-difluoro-beta-amino acids via Reformatsky reaction between Davis' N-sulfinylimines and ethyl bromodifluoroacetate. J Org Chem 2003; 68:7448-54. [PMID: 12968899 DOI: 10.1021/jo030082k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The enantiopure Davis' N-sulfinylimines were found to be efficient as chiral imine equivalents in the high-temperature Reformatsky-type additions with BrZnCF(2)COOEt affording an efficient approach to the enantiomerically pure alpha,alpha-difluoro-beta-amino acids. High chemical and stereochemical yields (drs > 9:1, and as high as 99:1) render this method immediately useful for preparing the target amino acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Sorochinsky
- Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry and Petrochemistry, Ukrainian Academy of Sciences, Kiev-94, 253660, Ukraine.
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28
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Miller JA, Hennessy EJ, Marshall WJ, Scialdone MA, Nguyen ST. trans-Cyclopropyl β-Amino Acid Derivatives via Asymmetric Cyclopropanation Using a (Salen)Ru(II) Catalyst. J Org Chem 2003; 68:7884-6. [PMID: 14510571 DOI: 10.1021/jo0344079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
trans-Cyclopropyl beta-amino acid derivatives can be synthesized in five steps with excellent enantioselectivities using a chiral (Salen)Ru(II) cyclopropanation catalyst in the key asymmetry-induction step. This facile synthesis proceeds with high overall yield and can be used to prepare a number of carbamate-protected (Cbz and Boc are demonstrated) beta-amino acid derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A Miller
- Northwestern University, Department of Chemistry, 2145 Sheridan Rd., Evanston, Illinois 60208, USA
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29
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Burkoth TS, Fafarman AT, Charych DH, Connolly MD, Zuckermann RN. Incorporation of unprotected heterocyclic side chains into peptoid oligomers via solid-phase submonomer synthesis. J Am Chem Soc 2003; 125:8841-5. [PMID: 12862480 DOI: 10.1021/ja0352101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peptoids (N-substituted glycines) are an important class of biomimetic oligomers that have made a significant impact in the areas of combinatorial drug discovery, gene therapy, drug delivery, and biopolymer folding in recent years. Sequence-specific peptoid oligomers are easily assembled from primary amines by the solid-phase submonomer method. However, most amines that contain heterocyclic nitrogens in the side chain do not incorporate efficiently. We present here a straightforward revision of the submonomer method that allows efficient incorporation of unprotected imidazoles, pyridines, pyrazines, indoles, and quinolines into oligomers as long as 15 monomers in length. This improved method uses chloroacetic acid instead of bromoacetic acid in the acylation step of the monomer addition cycle, and allows for the incorporation of new side chains that should enable the synthesis of peptoids with entirely new properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Timothy S Burkoth
- Chiron Corporation, 4560 Horton Street, Emeryville, California 94608, USA
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30
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Wright K, Crisma M, Toniolo C, Török R, Péter A, Wakselman M, Mazaleyrat JP. 4-Amino-1-oxyl-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-3-carboxylic acid (β-TOAC), the first spin-labelled, cyclic, chiral β-amino acid resolved in an enantiomerically pure state. Tetrahedron Lett 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(03)00572-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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31
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Ohkura H, Berbasov DO, Soloshonok VA. Chemo- and regioselectivity in the reactions between highly electrophilic fluorine containing dicarbonyl compounds and amines. Improved synthesis of the corresponding imines/enamines. Tetrahedron 2003. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(03)00138-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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32
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Davis FA, Deng J, Zhang Y, Haltiwanger R. Aziridine-mediated asymmetric synthesis of quaternary β-amino acids using 2H-azirine 2-carboxylate esters. Tetrahedron 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(02)00727-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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33
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Soloshonok VA, Ohkura H, Sorochinsky A, Voloshin N, Markovsky A, Belik M, Yamazaki T. Convenient, large-scale asymmetric synthesis of β-aryl-substituted α,α-difluoro-β-amino acids. Tetrahedron Lett 2002. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)01103-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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34
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nakano
- Graduate School of Materials Science, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Takayama-cho 8916-5, Ikoma, Nara 630-0101, Japan
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35
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Affiliation(s)
- R P Cheng
- Johnson Research Foundation, Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, USA
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36
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Liu D, DeGrado WF. De novo design, synthesis, and characterization of antimicrobial beta-peptides. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:7553-9. [PMID: 11480975 DOI: 10.1021/ja0107475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 275] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
beta-Peptides are a class of polyamides that have been demonstrated to adopt a variety of helical conformations. Recently, a series of amphiphilic L(+2) helical beta-peptides were designed, which were intended to mimic the overall physicochemical properties of a class of membrane-active antimicrobial peptides, including magainin and cecropin. Although these peptides showed potent antimicrobial activity, they also showed significant activity against human erythrocytes. Operating under the assumption that their lack of specificity arose from excessive hydrophobicity, two additional beta-peptides H-(beta(3)-HAla-beta(3)-HLys-beta(3)-HVal)(n)-NH(2) (n = 4, 5) were designed and synthesized. Both have high antimicrobial activities, but very low hemolytic potencies. The peptides bind in an L(+2) conformation to phospholipid vesicles, inducing leakage of entrapped small molecules. The peptides have a low affinity for membranes consisting of neutral phosphatidylcholine lipids, but bind avidly to vesicles containing 10 mol % of acidic phosphatidylserine lipids. Differences in vesicle leakage kinetics for the two peptides suggest that chain length could affect their mechanisms of disrupting cell membranes. Thus, insights gained from the study of variants of natural alpha-peptides have provided a useful guide for the design of nonnatural antimicrobial beta-peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104-6059, USA
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37
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Cubberley MS, Iverson BL. (1)H NMR investigation of solvent effects in aromatic stacking interactions. J Am Chem Soc 2001; 123:7560-3. [PMID: 11480976 DOI: 10.1021/ja015817m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 248] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the marquis challenges in modern Organic Chemistry concerns the design and synthesis of abiotic compounds that emulate the exquisite complex structures and/or functions of biological macromolecules. Oligomers possessing the propensity to adopt well-defined compact conformations, or foldamers, have been attained utilizing hydrogen bonding, torsional restriction, and solvophobic interactions.(1) In this laboratory, aromatic electron donor--acceptor interactions have been exploited in the design of aedamers--foldamers that adopt a novel, pleated secondary structure in aqueous solution. Herein is reported detailed (1)H NMR binding studies of aedamer monomers that were carried out in solvents and solvent mixtures covering a broad polarity range. Curve-fitting analysis of the binding data using a model that incorporated the formation of higher order and self-associated complexes yielded a linear free energy relationship between the free energy of complexation and the empirical solvent polarity parameter, E(T)(30). From these studies, the association of electron-rich and electron-deficient aedamer monomers was seen to be driven primarily by hydrophobic interactions in polar solvents. However, the magnitude of these interactions is modulated to a significant extent by the geometry of the donor--acceptor complex, which, in turn, is dictated by the electrostatic complementarity between the electron-deficient and electron-rich aromatic faces of the monomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Cubberley
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
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38
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Affiliation(s)
- F Fülöp
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Szeged, H-6701 Szeged, POB 121, Hungary.
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39
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Karle IL, Gopi HN, Balaram P. Peptide hybrids containing alpha - and beta-amino acids: structure of a decapeptide beta-hairpin with two facing beta-phenylalanine residues. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2001; 98:3716-9. [PMID: 11259666 PMCID: PMC31118 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.071050198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A beta-hairpin conformation has been characterized in crystals of the decapeptide t-butoxycarbonyl-Leu-Val-beta Phe-Val-(D)Pro-Gly-Leu-beta Phe-Val-Val-methyl ester [beta Phe; (S)-beta(3) homophenylalanine] by x-ray diffraction. The polypeptide chain reversal is nucleated by the centrally positioned (D)Pro-Gly segment, which adopts a type-I' beta-turn conformation. Four intramolecular cross-strand hydrogen bonds stabilize the peptide fold. The beta Phe(3) and beta Phe(8) residues occupy facing positions on the hairpin, with the side chains projecting on opposite faces of the beta-sheet. At the site of insertion of beta-residues, the polarity of the peptide units along each strand reverses, as compared with the alpha-peptide segments. In this analog, a small segment of a polar sheet is observed, where adjacent CO and NH groups line up in opposite directions in each strand. In the crystal, an extended beta-sheet is formed by hydrogen bonding between strands of antiparallel pairs of beta-hairpins. The crystallographic parameters for C(65)H(102)N(10)O(13) x 3H(2)O are: space group P2(1)2(1)2(1); a = 19.059(8) A, b = 19.470(2) A, c = 21.077(2) A; Z = 4; agreement factor R(1) = 9.12% for 3,984 data observed >4 sigma(F) and a resolution of 0.90 A.
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Affiliation(s)
- I L Karle
- Laboratory for the Structure of Matter, Naval Research Laboratory, Washington, DC 20375-5341, USA
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40
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Abstract
The synthesis of pseudopeptides with a chiral alpha-sulfonimidoylcarboxy moiety in the backbone is described. Starting from readily available (Ss)-S-methyl S-phenyl sulfoximine and various cyclic and acyclic alpha-amino acids the desired products are obtained in good yields with peptide coupling methodology. Specific secondary structures caused by intramolecular hydrogen bonds may be adopted. Results of NMR studies to reveal conformational preferences will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Bolm
- Institut für Organische Chemie der RWTH Aachen, Germany.
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41
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Romanelli A, Garella I, Menchise V, Iacovino R, Saviano M, Montesarchio D, Didierjean C, Di Lello P, Rossi F, Benedetti E. Crystal-state conformation of Calpha,alpha-dialkylated peptides containing chiral beta-homo-residues. J Pept Sci 2001; 7:15-26. [PMID: 11245201 DOI: 10.1002/psc.278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Secondary structure formation and stability are essential features in the knowledge of complex folding topology of biomolecules. To better understand the relationships between preferred conformations and functional properties of beta-homo-amino acids, the synthesis and conformational characterization by X-ray diffraction analysis of peptides containing conformationally constrained Calpha,alpha-dialkylated amino acid residues, such as alpha-aminoisobutyric acid or 1-aminocyclohexane-1-carboxylic acid and a single beta-homoamino acid, differently displaced along the peptide sequence have been carried out. The peptides investigated are: Boc-betaHLeu-(Ac6c)2-OMe, Boc-Ac6c-betaHLeu-(Ac6c)2-OMe and Boc-betaHVal-(Aib)5-OtBu, together with the C-protected beta-homo-residue HCl.H-betaHVal-OMe. The results indicate that the insertion of a betaH-residue at position 1 or 2 of peptides containing strong helix-inducing, bulky Calpha,alpha-disubstituted amino acid residues does not induce any specific conformational preferences. In the crystal state, most of the NH groups of beta-homo residues of tri- and tetrapeptides are not involved in intramolecular hydrogen bonds, thus failing to achieve helical structures similar to those of peptides exclusively constituted of Calpha,alpha-disubstituted amino acid residues. However, by repeating the structural motifs observed in the molecules investigated, a beta-pleated sheet secondary structure, and a new helical structure, named (14/15)-helix, were generated, corresponding to calculated minimum-energy conformations. Our findings, as well as literature data, strongly indicate that conformations of betaH-residues, with the micro torsion angle equal to -60 degrees, are very unlikely.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Romanelli
- Centro di Studio di Biocristallografia, C.N.R. and Dipartimento di Chimica, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Italy
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42
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Martı́n-Vilà M, Muray E, Aguado GP, Alvarez-Larena A, Branchadell V, Minguillón C, Giralt E, Ortuño RM. Enantioselective synthetic approaches to cyclopropane and cyclobutane β-amino acids: synthesis and structural study of a conformationally constrained β-dipeptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00297-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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43
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Zych AJ, Iverson BL. Synthesis and Conformational Characterization of Tethered, Self-Complexing 1,5-Dialkoxynaphthalene/1,4,5,8-Naphthalenetetracarboxylic Diimide Systems. J Am Chem Soc 2000. [DOI: 10.1021/ja0019225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J. Zych
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
| | - Brent L. Iverson
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712
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44
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D’Acquarica I, Gasparrini F, Misiti D, Zappia G, Cimarelli C, Palmieri G, Carotti A, Cellamare S, Villani C. Application of a new chiral stationary phase containing the glycopeptide antibiotic A-40,926 in the direct chromatographic resolution of β-amino acids. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2000. [DOI: 10.1016/s0957-4166(00)00198-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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45
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García-Martín MDG, de Paz Báñez MV, Galbis JA. Preparation of 3-Amino-3-Deoxy-2,4,5,6-Tetra-O-Methyl-D-Altronic Acid Hydrochloride, a Precursor in the Preparation of a Chiral β-Polyamide (Nylon 3 Analog). J Carbohydr Chem 2000. [DOI: 10.1080/07328300008544119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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46
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Wu YD, Wang DP. Theoretical Study on Side-Chain Control of the 14-Helix and the 10/12-Helix of β-Peptides. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja990955l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Dong Wu
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
| | - De-Ping Wang
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clear Water Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China
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47
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Zhu G, Chen Z, Zhang X. Highly Efficient Asymmetric Synthesis of beta-Amino Acid Derivatives via Rhodium-Catalyzed Hydrogenation of beta-(Acylamino)acrylates. J Org Chem 1999; 64:6907-6910. [PMID: 11674707 DOI: 10.1021/jo990565h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Guoxin Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802
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48
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DeGrado WF, Schneider JP, Hamuro Y. The twists and turns of beta-peptides. THE JOURNAL OF PEPTIDE RESEARCH : OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN PEPTIDE SOCIETY 1999; 54:206-17. [PMID: 10517158 DOI: 10.1034/j.1399-3011.1999.00131.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Recently, it has been discovered that peptides composed of beta-amino acids are capable of adopting novel secondary structures demonstrating that peptides composed of alpha-amino acids are not unique in their ability to fold into well-defined structures. Cyclic as well as acyclic peptides composed of beta-amino acid residues adopt turn, helical, and sheet-like conformations. Here, we discuss the synthesis and conformational preferences of individual, substituted beta-amino acids as well as the structures that peptides composed of these residues, beta-peptides, may adopt.
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Affiliation(s)
- W F DeGrado
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Johnson Research Foundation, School of Medicine, The University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104-6059, USA
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49
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Gin MS, Yokozawa T, Prince RB, Moore JS. Helical Bias in Solvophobically Folded Oligo(Phenylene Ethynylene)s. J Am Chem Soc 1999. [DOI: 10.1021/ja984017h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mary S. Gin
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Tsutomu Yokozawa
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Ryan B. Prince
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois 61801
| | - Jeffrey S. Moore
- Roger Adams Laboratory, Department of Chemistry and Materials Science & Engineering, The Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign Urbana, Illinois 61801
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50
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Affiliation(s)
- James S. Nowick
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92717-2025
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