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Xu M, Du Y, Hou X, Zhang Z, Yan N. Chemical structures, biosynthesis, bioactivities, and utilisation values for the diterpenes produced in tobacco trichomes. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2024; 223:114117. [PMID: 38697243 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2024.114117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/28/2024] [Indexed: 05/04/2024]
Abstract
Cembranoids and labdanes are two important types of diterpenes in tobacco (Nicotiana genus) that are predominantly found in the leaf and flower glandular trichome secretions. This is the first systematic review of the biosynthesis, chemical structures, bioactivities, and utilisation values of cembranoid and labdane diterpenes in tobacco. A total of 131 natural cembranoid diterpenes have been reported in tobacco since 1962; these were summarised and classified according to their chemical structure characteristics as isopropyl cembranoids (1-88), seco-cembranoids (89-103), chain cembranoids (104-123), and polycyclic cembranoids (124-131). Forty natural labdane diterpenes reported since 1961 were also summarised and divided into epoxy side chain labdanes (132-150) and epoxy-free side chain labdanes (151-171). Tobacco cembranoid and labdane diterpenes are both formed via the methylerythritol 4-phosphate pathway and are synthesised from geranylgeranyl diphosphate. Their biosynthetic pathways and the four key enzymes (cembratrienol synthase, cytochrome P450 hydroxylase, copalyl diphosphate synthase, and Z-abienol cyclase) that affect their biosynthesis have been described in detail. A systematic summary of the bioactivity and utilisation values of the cembranoid and labdane diterpenes is also provided. The agricultural bioactivities associated with cembranoid and labdane diterpenes include antimicrobial and insecticidal activities as well as induced resistance, while the medical bioactivities include cytotoxic and neuroprotective activities. Further research into the cembranoid and labdane diterpenes will help to promote their development and utilisation as plant-derived pesticides and medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minglei Xu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China; Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing, 100081, China
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Xiaodong Hou
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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2
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Zhang L, Fan C, Yang H, Xia Y, Shen W, Chen X. Biosynthetic pathway redesign in non-conventional yeast for enhanced production of cembratriene-ol. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 399:130596. [PMID: 38493939 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2024.130596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2024] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
Cembratriene-ol (CBT-ol), a plant-derived macrocyclic diterpene with notable insecticidal activity, has attracted considerable attention with respect to the development of sustainable and green biopesticides. Currently, CBT-ol production is limited by an inefficient and costly plant extraction strategy. Herein, CBT-ol production was enhanced by redesigning the CBT-ol biosynthetic pathway in Candida tropicalis, with subsequent truncation of CBT-ol synthase further increasing CBT-ol production. Moreover, bottlenecks in the CBT-ol biosynthetic pathway were eliminated by adjusting the gene dosage of the rate-limiting enzymes. Ultimately, the resulting strain C. tropicalis CPPt-03D produced 129.17 mg/L CBT-ol in shaking flasks (a 144-fold increase relative to that of the initial strain C01-CD) with CBT-ol production reaching 1,425.76 mg/L in a 5-L bioreactor, representing the highest CBT-ol titer reported to date. These findings provide a green process and promising platform for the industrial production of CBT-ol and lays the foundation for organic farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihua Zhang
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang 464000, China
| | - Cheng Fan
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Haiquan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Wei Shen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, & School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China.
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Zhang H, Sui Y, Liu W, Yan M, Wang Z, Yan X, Cui H. Identification of a cis-element for long glandular trichome-specific gene expression, which is targeted by a HD-ZIP IV protein. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 264:130579. [PMID: 38432280 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Revised: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/05/2024]
Abstract
Glandular trichomes are epidermal outgrowths that secret a variety of secondary metabolites, which not only help plants adapt to environmental stresses but also have important commercial value in fragrances, pharmaceuticals, and pesticides. In Nicotiana tabacum, it has been confirmed that a B-type cyclin, CycB2, negatively regulates the formation of long glandular trichomes (LGTs). This study aimed to identify the upstream regulatory gene involved in LGT formation by screening LGT-specific cis-elements within the NtCycB2 promoter. Using GUS as a reporter gene, the tissue-driven ability of NtCycB2 promoter showed that NtCycB2 promoter could drive GUS expression specifically in LGTs. Function analysis of a series of successive 5' truncations and synthetic segments of the NtCycB2 promoter indicated that the 87-bp region from -1221 to -1134 of the NtCycB2 promoter was required for gene expression in LGTs, and the L1-element (5'-AAAATTAATAAGAG-3') located in the 87-bp region contributed to the gene expression in the stalk of LGTs. Further Y1H and LUC assays confirmed that this L1-element exclusively binds to a HD-Zip IV protein, NtHD13. Gene function analysis revealed that NtHD13 positively controlled LGT formation, as overexpression of NtHD13 resulted in a high number of LGTs, whereas knockout of NtHD13 led to a decrease in LGTs. These findings demonstrate that NtHD13 can bind to an L1-element within the NtCycB2 promoter to regulate LGT formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yalin Sui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Meiqi Yan
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Zhaojun Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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4
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Zhang M, Guo D, Wang H, Wu G, Shi Y, Zhou J, Zhao E, Zheng T, Li X. Analyzing microbial community and volatile compound profiles in the fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2024; 108:243. [PMID: 38421433 PMCID: PMC10904427 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-024-13043-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
Variations in industrial fermentation techniques have a significant impact on the fermentation of cigar tobacco leaves (CTLs), consequently influencing the aromatic attributes of the resulting cigars. The entire fermentation process of CTLs can be categorized into three distinct phases: phase 1 (CTLs prior to moisture regain), phase 2 (CTLs post-moisture regain and pile fermentation), and phase 3 (CTLs after fermentation and drying). These phases were determined based on the dynamic changes in microbial community diversity. During phase 2, there was a rapid increase in moisture and total acid content, which facilitated the proliferation of Aerococcus, a bacterial genus capable of utilizing reducing sugars, malic acid, and citric acid present in tobacco leaves. In contrast, fungal microorganisms exhibited a relatively stable response to changes in moisture and total acid, with Aspergillus, Alternaria, and Cladosporium being the dominant fungal groups throughout the fermentation stages. Bacterial genera were found to be more closely associated with variations in volatile compounds during fermentation compared to fungal microorganisms. This association ultimately resulted in higher levels of aroma components in CTLs, thereby improving the overall quality of the cigars. These findings reinforce the significance of industrial fermentation in shaping CTL quality and provide valuable insights for future efforts in the artificial regulation of secondary fermentation in CTLs. KEY POINTS: • Industrial fermentation processes impact CTLs microbial communities. • Moisture and total acid content influence microbial community succession in fermentation. • Bacterial microorganisms strongly influence CTLs' aldehyde and ketone flavors over fungi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingzhu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Danxia Road 485#, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Dongfeng Guo
- Anhui China Tobacco Anhui Industry Co., Ltd., Huangshan Road 606#, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China.
| | - Haiqing Wang
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Danxia Road 485#, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Guanglong Wu
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Danxia Road 485#, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Yaqi Shi
- Anhui China Tobacco Anhui Industry Co., Ltd., Huangshan Road 606#, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Jinlong Zhou
- Anhui China Tobacco Anhui Industry Co., Ltd., Huangshan Road 606#, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Eryong Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Danxia Road 485#, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
| | - Tianfei Zheng
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Danxia Road 485#, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China
- Anhui China Tobacco Anhui Industry Co., Ltd., Huangshan Road 606#, Hefei, 230088, Anhui, China
| | - Xingjiang Li
- Key Laboratory for Agricultural Products Processing, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Danxia Road 485#, Hefei, 230601, Anhui, China.
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Yang H, Zhang K, Shen W, Xia Y, Li Y, Chen X. Boosting production of cembratriene-ol in Saccharomyces cerevisiae via systematic optimization. Biotechnol J 2024; 19:e2300324. [PMID: 37804156 DOI: 10.1002/biot.202300324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Cembratriene-ol is a good biodegradable biopesticide ingredient with future potential applications in the field of sustainable agriculture. Cembratriene-ol is a monocyclic diterpenoid compound that is synthesized only in the trichome gland of Nicotiana plants. In this study, geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase gene ggpps from Taxus canadensis and cbts*Δp were heterologously expressed in Saccharomyces cerevisiae W303-1A to successfully synthesize cembratriene-ol. The titer of cembratriene-ol was increased by 1.84-fold compared to the control by overexpressing the S. cerevisiae bifunctional (2E,6E)-farnesyl diphosphate synthase genes ERG20 and cbts*Δp under one promoter PGAP . The titer of cembratriene-ol in the engineered S. cerevisiae BY4741 was increased by 1.39-fold compared to the engineered S. cerevisiae W303-1A. The titer of cembratriene-ol in the engineered S. cerevisiae BY4741 was increased by 2.22-fold compared to the control by overexpressing ERG20 and cbts*Δp, respectively, using two promoters PGAP . Cembratriene-ol was found to be successfully synthesized via the integrated expression of cbts*Δp, ggpps and ERG20 on the genome of S. cerevisiae BY4741. The titer of cembratriene-ol in S. cerevisiae S25 was further increased by 1.80-fold compared to the control via dynamic control of the squalene synthase gene ERG9. Overexpression of the genes cbts*Δp and ggpps using pY26-GPD-TEF in S. cerevisiae S25 with their integration expression increased the titer of cembratriene-ol by 26.1-fold compared to S. cerevisiae S25. The titer of cembratriene-ol was significantly enhanced by mitochondrial compartmentalized expression of cbts*Δp and ggpps, which was 76.3-fold higher than that of the initial strain constructed. It was indicated that the systematic optimization has great potential in facilitating high-level production of cembratriene-ol production in S. cerevisiae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Yang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Kunjie Zhang
- The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Shen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Yiting Li
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
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Yadav M, Panwar R, Rustagi A, Chakraborty A, Roy A, Singh IK, Singh A. Comprehensive and evolutionary analysis of Spodoptera litura-inducible Cytochrome P450 monooxygenase gene family in Glycine max elucidate their role in defense. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1221526. [PMID: 38023937 PMCID: PMC10654349 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1221526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Plants being sessile organisms and lacking both circulating phagocytic cells and somatic adaptive immune response, have thrived on various defense mechanisms to fend off insect pests and invasion of pathogens. CYP450s are the versatile enzymes, which thwart plants against insect pests by ubiquitous biosynthesis of phytohormones, antioxidants, and secondary metabolites, utilizing them as feeding deterrents and direct toxins. Therefore, a comprehensive analysis of biotic stress-responsive CYPs from Glycine max was performed to ascertain their function against S. litura-infestation. Phylogenetic analysis and evolutionary studies on conserved domains and motifs disclosed the evolutionary correspondence of these GmCYPs with already characterized members of the CYP450 superfamily and close relatedness to Medicago truncatula. These GmCYPs were mapped on 13 chromosomes; they possess 1-8 exons; they have evolved due to duplication and are localized in endoplasmic reticulumn. Further, identification of methyl-jasmonate, salicylic acid, defense responsive and flavonoid biosynthesis regulating cis-acting elements, their interaction with biotic stress regulating proteins and their differential expression in diverse types of tissues, and during herbivory, depicted their responsiveness to biotic stress. Three-dimensional homology modelling of GmCYPs, docking with heme cofactor required for their catalytic activity and enzyme-substrate interactions were performed to understand the functional mechanism of their action. Moreover, to gain insight into their involvement in plant defense, gene expression analysis was evaluated, which revealed differential expression of 11 GmCYPs upon S. litura-infestation, 12 GmCYPs on wounding while foliar spray of ethylene, methyl-jasmonate and salicylic acid differentially regulated 11 GmCYPs, 6 GmCYPs, and 10 GmCYPs respectively. Our study comprehensively analysed the underlying mechanism of GmCYPs function during S. litura-infestation, which can be further utilized for functional characterization to develop new strategies for enhancing soybean resistance to insect pests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Yadav
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- J C Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Ruby Panwar
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anjana Rustagi
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Amrita Chakraborty
- EVA 4.0 Unit, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Amit Roy
- Forest Molecular Entomology Lab, EXTEMIT-K, EVA 4.0, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Prague, Czechia
| | - Indrakant K. Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
| | - Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- J C Bose Center for Plant Genomics, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Botany, Gargi College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology, University of Delhi, New Delhi, India
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Chakraborty P, Biswas A, Dey S, Bhattacharjee T, Chakrabarty S. Cytochrome P450 Gene Families: Role in Plant Secondary Metabolites Production and Plant Defense. J Xenobiot 2023; 13:402-423. [PMID: 37606423 PMCID: PMC10443375 DOI: 10.3390/jox13030026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/24/2023] [Indexed: 08/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the most prominent family of enzymes involved in NADPH- and O2-dependent hydroxylation processes throughout all spheres of life. CYPs are crucial for the detoxification of xenobiotics in plants, insects, and other organisms. In addition to performing this function, CYPs serve as flexible catalysts and are essential for producing secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants. Numerous biotic and abiotic stresses frequently affect the growth and development of plants. They cause a dramatic decrease in crop yield and a deterioration in crop quality. Plants protect themselves against these stresses through different mechanisms, which are accomplished by the active participation of CYPs in several biosynthetic and detoxifying pathways. There are immense potentialities for using CYPs as a candidate for developing agricultural crop species resistant to biotic and abiotic stressors. This review provides an overview of the plant CYP families and their functions to plant secondary metabolite production and defense against different biotic and abiotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panchali Chakraborty
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;
| | - Ashok Biswas
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Horticulture, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Susmita Dey
- Annual Bast Fiber Breeding Laboratory, Institute of Bast Fiber Crops, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha 410205, China
- Department of Plant Pathology and Seed Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh
| | - Tuli Bhattacharjee
- Department of Chemistry, Jahangirnagar University, Dhaka 1342, Bangladesh
| | - Swapan Chakrabarty
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Sciences, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
- College of Computing, Department of Computer Science, Michigan Technological University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
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Al-Khayri JM, Rashmi R, Toppo V, Chole PB, Banadka A, Sudheer WN, Nagella P, Shehata WF, Al-Mssallem MQ, Alessa FM, Almaghasla MI, Rezk AAS. Plant Secondary Metabolites: The Weapons for Biotic Stress Management. Metabolites 2023; 13:716. [PMID: 37367873 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13060716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 05/26/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The rise in global temperature also favors the multiplication of pests and pathogens, which calls into question global food security. Plants have developed special coping mechanisms since they are sessile and lack an immune system. These mechanisms use a variety of secondary metabolites as weapons to avoid obstacles, adapt to their changing environment, and survive in less-than-ideal circumstances. Plant secondary metabolites include phenolic compounds, alkaloids, glycosides, and terpenoids, which are stored in specialized structures such as latex, trichomes, resin ducts, etc. Secondary metabolites help the plants to be safe from biotic stressors, either by repelling them or attracting their enemies, or exerting toxic effects on them. Modern omics technologies enable the elucidation of the structural and functional properties of these metabolites along with their biosynthesis. A better understanding of the enzymatic regulations and molecular mechanisms aids in the exploitation of secondary metabolites in modern pest management approaches such as biopesticides and integrated pest management. The current review provides an overview of the major plant secondary metabolites that play significant roles in enhancing biotic stress tolerance. It examines their involvement in both indirect and direct defense mechanisms, as well as their storage within plant tissues. Additionally, this review explores the importance of metabolomics approaches in elucidating the significance of secondary metabolites in biotic stress tolerance. The application of metabolic engineering in breeding for biotic stress resistance is discussed, along with the exploitation of secondary metabolites for sustainable pest management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jameel M Al-Khayri
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ramakrishnan Rashmi
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Varsha Toppo
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Pranjali Bajrang Chole
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshatha Banadka
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Wudali Narasimha Sudheer
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveen Nagella
- Department of Life Sciences, CHRIST (Deemed to be University), Bangalore 560 029, Karnataka, India
| | - Wael Fathi Shehata
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muneera Qassim Al-Mssallem
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Fatima Mohammed Alessa
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mustafa Ibrahim Almaghasla
- Department of Arid Land Agriculture, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Plant Pests, and Diseases Unit, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
| | - Adel Abdel-Sabour Rezk
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology, College of Agriculture and Food Sciences, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa 31982, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Virus and Phytoplasma, Plant Pathology Institute, Agricultural Research Center, Giza 12619, Egypt
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Zhou M, Jiang Y, Liu X, Kong W, Zhang C, Yang J, Ke S, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification and Evolution Analysis of the CYP76 Subfamily in Rice ( Oryza sativa). Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108522. [PMID: 37239869 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108522] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 05/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The CYP76 subfamily, a member of the CYP superfamily, plays crucial roles in the biosynthesis of phytohormones in plants, involving biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, hormone signaling, and response to environmental stresses. Here, we conducted a genome-wide analysis of the CYP76 subfamily in seven AA genome species: Oryza sativa ssp. japonica, Oryza sativa ssp. indica, Oryza rufipogon, Oryza glaberrima, Oryza meridionalis, Oryza barthii, and Oryza glumaepatula. These were identified and classified into three groups, and it was found that Group 1 contained the largest number of members. Analysis of cis-acting elements revealed a large number of elements related to jasmonic acid and light response. The gene duplication analysis revealed that the CYP76 subfamily expanded mainly in SD/WGD and tandem forms and underwent strong purifying selection during evolution. Expression pattern analysis of OsCYP76s in various developmental stages revealed that the majority of OsCYP76s exhibit relatively restricted expression patterns in leaves and roots. We further analyzed the expression of CYP76s in O. sativa, japonica, and O. sativa, indica under cold, flooding, drought, and salt abiotic stresses by qRT-PCR. We found that OsCYP76-11 showed a huge increase in relative expression after drought and salt stresses. After flooding stress, OsiCYP76-4 showed a greater increase in expression compared to other genes. CYP76 in japonica and indica showed different response patterns to the same abiotic stresses, revealing functional divergence in the gene family during evolution; these may be the key genes responsible for the differences in tolerance to indica japonica. Our results provide valuable insights into the functional diversity and evolutionary history of the CYP76 subfamily and pave the way for the development of new strategies for improving stress tolerance and agronomic traits in rice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yifei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Xuhui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Weilong Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Shenzhen Branch, Genome Analysis Laboratory of the Ministry of Agriculture, Agricultural Genomics Institute at Shenzhen, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shenzhen 518120, China
| | - Chenhao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Basic Medical Science, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing 100191, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Simin Ke
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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Gossart N, Berhin A, Sergeant K, Alam I, André C, Hausman JF, Boutry M, Hachez C. Engineering Nicotiana tabacum trichomes for triterpenic acid production. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2023; 328:111573. [PMID: 36563941 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we aimed at implementing the biosynthesis of triterpenic acids in Nicotiana tabacum glandular trichomes. Although endogenous genes coding for enzymes involved in such biosynthetic pathway are found in the Nicotiana tabacum genome, implementing such pathway specifically in glandular trichomes required to boost endogenous enzymatic activities. Five transgenes coding for a farnesyl-diphosphate synthase, a squalene synthase, a squalene epoxidase, a beta-amyrin synthase and a beta-amyrin 28-monooxygenase were introduced in N.tabacum, their expression being driven by pMALD1, a trichome-specific transcriptional promoter. This study aimed at testing whether sinking isoprenoid precursors localized in plastids, by exploiting potential cross-talks allowing the exchange of terpenoid pools from the chloroplast to the cytosol, could be a way to improve overall yield. By analyzing metabolites extracted from entire leaves, a low amount of ursolic acid was detected in plants expressing the five transgenes. Our study shows that the terpene biosynthetic pathway could be, in part, redirected in N.tabacum glandular trichomes with no deleterious phenotype at the whole plant level (chlorosis, dwarfism,…). In light of our results, possible ways to improve the final yield are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Gossart
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Alice Berhin
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Kjell Sergeant
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Iftekhar Alam
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium; Plant Biotechnology Division, National Institute of Biotechnology, Ganakbari, Ashulia, Savar, Dhaka 1349, Bangladesh
| | - Christelle André
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg; The New Zealand Institute for Plant and Food Research Ltd (PFR), Private Bag 92169, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jean-François Hausman
- Environmental Research and Innovation, Luxembourg Institute of Science and Technology, Esch-sur-Alzette, Luxembourg
| | - Marc Boutry
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Charles Hachez
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, UCLouvain, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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11
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Wang Z, Nelson DR, Zhang J, Wan X, Peters RJ. Plant (di)terpenoid evolution: from pigments to hormones and beyond. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:452-469. [PMID: 36472136 PMCID: PMC9945934 DOI: 10.1039/d2np00054g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2014-2022.Diterpenoid biosynthesis in plants builds on the necessary production of (E,E,E)-geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) for photosynthetic pigment production, with diterpenoid biosynthesis arising very early in land plant evolution, enabling stockpiling of the extensive arsenal of (di)terpenoid natural products currently observed in this kingdom. This review will build upon that previously published in the Annual Review of Plant Biology, with a stronger focus on enzyme structure-function relationships, as well as additional insights into the evolution of (di)terpenoid metabolism since generated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhibiao Wang
- School of Life Sciences, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100029, China.,Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
| | - David R Nelson
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Biochemistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN 38163, USA
| | - Juan Zhang
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Shunde Innovation School, Research Center of Biology and Agriculture, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China.
| | - Reuben J Peters
- Roy J. Carver Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics & Molecular Biology, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50014, USA.
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12
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Yang H, Zhang K, Shen W, Chen L, Xia Y, Zou W, Cao Y, Chen X. Efficient production of cembratriene-ol in Escherichia coli via systematic optimization. Microb Cell Fact 2023; 22:17. [PMID: 36694175 PMCID: PMC9872381 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-023-02022-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The tobacco leaf-derived cembratriene-ol exhibits anti-insect effects, but its content in plants is scarce. Cembratriene-ol is difficult and inefficiently chemically synthesised due to its complex structure. Moreover, the titer of reported recombinant hosts producing cembratriene-ol was low and cannot be applied to industrial production. RESULTS In this study, Pantoea ananatis geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase (CrtE) and Nicotiana tabacum cembratriene-ol synthase (CBTS) were heterologously expressed to synthsize the cembratriene-ol in Escherichia coli. Overexpression of cbts*, the 1-deoxy-D-xylulose 5-phosphate synthase gene dxs, and isopentenyl diphosphate isomerase gene idi promoted the production of cembratriene-ol. The cembratriene-ol titer was 1.53-folds higher than that of E. coli Z17 due to the systematic regulation of ggpps, cbts*, dxs, and idi expression. The production of cembratriene-ol was boosted via the overexpression of genes ispA, ispD, and ispF. The production level of cembratriene-ol in the optimal medium at 72 h was 8.55-folds higher than that before fermentation optimisation. The cembratriene-ol titer in the 15-L fermenter reached 371.2 mg L- 1, which was the highest titer reported. CONCLUSION In this study, the production of cembratriene-ol in E. coli was significantly enhanced via systematic optimization. It was suggested that the recombinant E. coli producing cembratriene-ol constructed in this study has potential for industrial production and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiquan Yang
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Kunjie Zhang
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Shen
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Lei Chen
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323The Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry and Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Yuanyuan Xia
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Wei Zou
- grid.412605.40000 0004 1798 1351College of Bioengineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, 644000 Yibin, Sichuan China
| | - Yu Cao
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
| | - Xianzhong Chen
- grid.258151.a0000 0001 0708 1323The Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Jiangnan University, 214122 Wuxi, China
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Xu S, Han W, Cao K, Li B, Zheng C, Xie K, Li W, He L. Knockdown of NtCPS2 promotes plant growth and reduces drought tolerance in Nicotiana tabacum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:968738. [PMID: 36426146 PMCID: PMC9679219 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.968738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Drought stress is one of the primary environmental stress factors that gravely threaten crop growth, development, and yields. After drought stress, plants can regulate the content and proportion of various hormones to adjust their growth and development, and in some cases to minimize the adverse effects of drought stress. In our previous study, the tobacco cis-abienol synthesis gene (NtCPS2) was found to affect hormone synthesis in tobacco plants. Unfortunately, the role of NtCPS2 genes in the response to abiotic stress has not yet been investigated. Here, we present data supporting the role of NtCPS2 genes in drought stress and the possible underlying molecular mechanisms. NtCPS2 gene expression was induced by polyethylene glycol, high-temperature, and virus treatments. The results of subcellular localization showed that NtCPS2 was localized in the cell membrane. The NtCPS2-knockdown plants exhibited higher levels of gibberellin (GA) content and synthesis pathway genes expression but lower abscisic acid (ABA) content and synthesis pathway genes expression in response to drought stress. In addition, the transgenic tobacco lines showed higher leaf water loss and electrolyte loss, lower soluble protein and reactive oxygen species content (ROS), and lower antioxidant enzyme activity after drought treatment compared to wild type plants (WT). In summary, NtCPS2 positively regulates drought stress tolerance possibly by modulating the ratio of GA to ABA, which was confirmed by evidence of related phenotypic and physiological indicators. This study may provide evidence for the feedback regulation of hormone to abiotic and biotic stresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shixiao Xu
- Henan Agricultural University, College Tobacco Science, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Wenlong Han
- Henan Agricultural University, College Tobacco Science, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Kexin Cao
- Henan Agricultural University, College Tobacco Science, National Tobacco Cultivation & Physiology & Biochemistry Research Center, Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Henan, Ministry of Agriculture, Zhengzhou, Henan, China
| | - Bo Li
- China Tobacco Zhejiang Industry Co, Ltd., Hangzhou, China
| | - Cong Zheng
- Fujian Tobacco Corporation Nanping Company, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Ke Xie
- Fujian Tobacco Corporation Nanping Company, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Wei Li
- Fujian Tobacco Corporation Nanping Company, Nanping, Fujian, China
| | - Lingxiao He
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University & Sichuan Engineering Research Center for Crop Strip Intercropping System & Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Southwest, Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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14
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Qin W, Li Y, Peng B, Liu H, Chen T, Yan X, Zhang Y, Wang C, Yao X, Fu X, Li L, Tang K. A high-efficiency trichome collection system by laser capture microdissection. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:985969. [PMID: 36072328 PMCID: PMC9441851 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.985969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Trichomes, which are classified as glandular or non-glandular, are hair-like epidermal structures that are present on aerial parts of most plant species. Glandular secretory trichomes (GSTs) have the capacity to secrete and store specialized metabolites, which are widely used as natural pesticides, food additives, fragrance ingredients or pharmaceuticals. Isolating individual trichomes is an essential way for identifying trichome-specific gene functions and discovering novel metabolites. However, the isolation of trichomes is difficult and time-consuming. Here, we report a method to isolate the GSTs from leaf epidermis dispense with fixation using laser capture microdissection (LCM). In this study, 150 GSTs were captured efficiently from Artemisia annua leaves and enriched for artemisinin measurement. UPLC analysis of microdissected samples indicated specific accumulation of secondary metabolites could be detected from a small number of GSTs. In addition, qRT-PCR revealed that the GST-specific structural genes involved in artemisinin biosynthesis pathway were highly expressed in GSTs. Taken together, we developed an efficient method to collect comparatively pure GSTs from unfixed leaved, so that the metabolites were relatively obtained intact. This method can be implemented in metabolomics research of purely specific plant cell populations and has the potential to discover novel secondary metabolites.
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15
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Song Z, Wang P, Chen X, Peng Y, Cai B, Song J, Yin G, Jia S, Zhang H. Melatonin alleviates cadmium toxicity and abiotic stress by promoting glandular trichome development and antioxidant capacity in Nicotiana tabacum. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2022; 236:113437. [PMID: 35367878 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Revised: 03/11/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Melatonin is a well-known signaling molecule that mediates a range of physiological activities and various stress reactions in plants. We comprehensively tested the effect of melatonin on the development of root hairs and glandular trichomes and found that melatonin pretreatment of tobacco seeds significantly increased the length of root hairs. Furthermore, melatonin-treated tobacco exhibited significantly higher density of trichomes and larger glandular heads on long-stalk glandular trichomes than untreated plants, which resulted in enhanced secretion in glandular trichomes. Exogenous melatonin enhanced the aphid resistance of plants by facilitating the accumulation of cembranoids in the glandular trichomes and alleviated cadmium toxicity by increasing the Cd-exudation capacity of long glandular trichomes. Metabolic analysis indicated that the contents of 108 metabolites significantly changed upon melatonin treatment, with the contents of those that are directly/indirectly involved in melatonin metabolism changing the most. Further, KEGG pathway analysis suggested that the metabolic pathways of amino acids, reducing sugar, secondary metabolites, indole alkaloid biosynthesis, purine, pyrimidine, and ABC transporters were greatly influenced by exogenous melatonin application. Moreover, metabolisms of melatonin-related antioxidants and pyrimidine nucleoside antibiotics were enhanced after melatonin treatment. Melatonin improved tobacco resistance to high salinity, drought, and extreme temperature stresses, as indicated by improved photosynthetic and antioxidant capacities in treated vs. untreated plants. This study lays a foundation for the comprehensive application of melatonin to increase the stress tolerance of plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaopeng Song
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Pei Wang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Yufu Peng
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Bin Cai
- Hainan Province Company, China National Tobacco Corporation, Haikou 571100, China
| | - Jiangyu Song
- Fujian Province Nanping Branch Company, China National Tobacco Corporation, Nanping 350003, China
| | - Guangting Yin
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Shiwei Jia
- China Tobacco Henan Industrial Co. Ltd., Zhengzhou 450016, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
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16
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Wang Z, Li Y, Zhang H, Yan X, Cui H. Methyl jasmonate treatment, aphid resistance assay, and transcriptomic analysis revealed different herbivore defensive roles between tobacco glandular and non-glandular trichomes. PLANT CELL REPORTS 2022; 41:195-208. [PMID: 34647139 DOI: 10.1007/s00299-021-02801-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Methyl jasmonate treatment and aphid resistance assays reveal different roles in herbivore defensive responses between tobacco glandular and non-glandular trichomes. These roles correlate with trichome gene expression patterns. In plants, trichomes greatly contribute to biotic stress resistance. To better understand the different defensive functions between glandular and non-glandular trichomes, we used Nicotiana tabacum as a model. This species bears three types of trichomes: long and short stalk glandular trichomes (LGT and SGT, respectively), and non-glandular trichomes (NGT). Tobacco accession T.I.1068 (lacking NGT) and T.I.1112 (lacking LGT) were used for the experiment. After methyl jasmonate (MeJA) treatment, LGT formation was promoted not only in T.I.1068, but also in T.I.1112, whereas NGT remained absent in T.I.1068, and was slightly reduced in T.I.1112. Diterpenoids, which play important roles in herbivore resistance, accumulated abundantly in T.I.1068 and were elevated by MeJA; however, they were not found in T.I.1112 but became detectable after MeJA treatment. The aphid resistance of T.I.1068 was higher than that of T.I.1112, and both were enhanced by MeJA, which was closely correlated with LGT density. Trichomes detached from T.I.1068 and T.I.1112 were used for RNA-Seq analysis, the results showed that pentose phosphate, photosynthesis, and diterpenoid biosynthesis genes were much more expressed in T.I.1068 than in T.I.1112, which was consistent with the vigorous diterpenoid biosynthesis in T.I.1068. In T.I.1112, citrate cycle, propanoate, and glyoxylate metabolism processes were enriched, and some defensive protein genes were expressed at higher levels than those in T.I.1068.These results suggested that LGT plays a predominant role in aphid resistance, whereas NGT could strengthen herbivore resistance by accumulating defensive proteins, and the roles of LGT and NGT are associated with their gene expression patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhaojun Wang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Yanhua Li
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hongying Zhang
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Xiaoxiao Yan
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China
| | - Hong Cui
- College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, 63 Nongye Road, Zhengzhou, 450002, China.
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The biosynthesis of thymol, carvacrol, and thymohydroquinone in Lamiaceae proceeds via cytochrome P450s and a short-chain dehydrogenase. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2110092118. [PMID: 34930840 PMCID: PMC8719858 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2110092118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The monoterpene alcohols thymol, carvacrol, and thymohydroquinone are characteristic flavor compounds of thyme, oregano, and other Lamiaceae. These specialized metabolites are also valuable for their antibacterial, anti-spasmolytic, and antitumor activities. We elucidated the complete biosynthetic pathway of these compounds, which starts with the formation of γ-terpinene from geranyl diphosphate. The aromatic backbone of thymol and carvacrol is formed by P450 monooxygenases in combination with a dehydrogenase via an unstable intermediate. Additional P450s hydroxylate thymol and carvacrol to form thymohydroquinone. Our findings demonstrate a mechanism for the formation of phenolic monoterpenes that differs from previous predictions and provides targets for metabolic engineering of high-value terpenes in plants. Thymol and carvacrol are phenolic monoterpenes found in thyme, oregano, and several other species of the Lamiaceae. Long valued for their smell and taste, these substances also have antibacterial and anti-spasmolytic properties. They are also suggested to be precursors of thymohydroquinone and thymoquinone, monoterpenes with anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antitumor activities. Thymol and carvacrol biosynthesis has been proposed to proceed by the cyclization of geranyl diphosphate to γ-terpinene, followed by a series of oxidations via p-cymene. Here, we show that γ-terpinene is oxidized by cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s) of the CYP71D subfamily to produce unstable cyclohexadienol intermediates, which are then dehydrogenated by a short-chain dehydrogenase/reductase (SDR) to the corresponding ketones. The subsequent formation of the aromatic compounds occurs via keto–enol tautomerisms. Combining these enzymes with γ-terpinene in in vitro assays or in vivo in Nicotiana benthamiana yielded thymol and carvacrol as products. In the absence of the SDRs, only p-cymene was formed by rearrangement of the cyclohexadienol intermediates. The nature of these unstable intermediates was inferred from reactions with the γ-terpinene isomer limonene and by analogy to reactions catalyzed by related enzymes. We also identified and characterized two P450s of the CYP76S and CYP736A subfamilies that catalyze the hydroxylation of thymol and carvacrol to thymohydroquinone when heterologously expressed in yeast and N. benthamiana. Our findings alter previous views of thymol and carvacrol formation, identify the enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of these phenolic monoterpenes and thymohydroquinone in the Lamiaceae, and provide targets for metabolic engineering of high-value terpenes in plants.
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Zeng WY, Tan YR, Long SF, Sun ZD, Lai ZG, Yang SZ, Chen HZ, Qing XY. Methylome and transcriptome analyses of soybean response to bean pyralid larvae. BMC Genomics 2021; 22:836. [PMID: 34794392 PMCID: PMC8603512 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-021-08140-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 10/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bean pyralid is one of the major leaf-feeding insects that affect soybean crops. DNA methylation can control the networks of gene expressions, and it plays an important role in responses to biotic stress. However, at present the genome-wide DNA methylation profile of the soybean resistance to bean pyralid has not been reported so far. RESULTS Using whole-genome bisulfite sequencing (WGBS) and RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq), we analyzed the highly resistant material (Gantai-2-2, HRK) and highly susceptible material (Wan82-178, HSK), under bean pyralid larvae feeding 0 h and 48 h, to clarify the molecular mechanism of the soybean resistance and explore its insect-resistant genes. We identified 2194, 6872, 39,704 and 40,018 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), as well as 497, 1594, 9596 and 9554 differentially methylated genes (DMGs) in the HRK0/HRK48, HSK0/HSK48, HSK0/HRK0 and HSK48/HRK48 comparisons, respectively. Through the analysis of global methylation and transcription, 265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were negatively correlated with DMGs, there were 34, 49, 141 and 116 negatively correlated genes in the HRK0/HRK48, HSK0/HSK48, HSK0/HRK0 and HSK48/HRK48, respectively. The MapMan cluster analysis showed that 114 negatively correlated genes were clustered in 24 pathways, such as protein biosynthesis and modification; primary metabolism; secondary metabolism; cell cycle, cell structure and component; RNA biosynthesis and processing, and so on. Moreover, CRK40; CRK62; STK; MAPK9; L-type lectin-domain containing receptor kinase VIII.2; CesA; CSI1; fimbrin-1; KIN-14B; KIN-14 N; KIN-4A; cytochrome P450 81E8; BEE1; ERF; bHLH25; bHLH79; GATA26, were likely regulatory genes involved in the soybean responses to bean pyralid larvae. Finally, 5 DMRs were further validated that the genome-wide DNA data were reliable through PS-PCR and 5 DEGs were confirmed the relationship between DNA methylation and gene expression by qRT-PCR. The results showed an excellent agreement with deep sequencing. CONCLUSIONS Genome-wide DNA methylation profile of soybean response to bean pyralid was obtained for the first time. Several specific DMGs which participated in protein kinase, cell and organelle, flavonoid biosynthesis and transcription factor were further identified to be likely associated with soybean response to bean pyralid. Our data will provide better understanding of DNA methylation alteration and their potential role in soybean insect resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ying Zeng
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Yu-Rong Tan
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Sheng-Feng Long
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Zu-Dong Sun
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Zhen-Guang Lai
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Shou-Zhen Yang
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Huai-Zhu Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
| | - Xia-Yan Qing
- Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, 530007 Guangxi China
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Singh A, Panwar R, Mittal P, Hassan MI, Singh IK. Plant cytochrome P450s: Role in stress tolerance and potential applications for human welfare. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 184:874-886. [PMID: 34175340 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are a versatile group of enzymes and one of the largest families of proteins, controlling various physiological processes via biosynthetic and detoxification pathways. CYPs perform multiple roles through a critical irreversible enzymatic reaction in which an oxygen atom is inserted within hydrophobic molecules, converting them into the reactive and hydro soluble components. During evolution, plants have acquired significantly more number of CYPs and represent about 1% of the encoded genes . CYPs are highly conserved proteins involved in growth, development and tolerance against biotic and abiotic stresses. Furthermore, CYPs reinforce plants' molecular and chemical defense mechanisms by regulating the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, enhancing reactive oxygen species (ROS) scavenging and controlling biosynthesis and homeostasis of phytohormones, including abscisic acid (ABA) and jasmonates. Thus, they are the critical targets of metabolic engineering for enhancing plant defense against environmental stresses. Additionally, CYPs are also used as biocatalysts in the fields of pharmacology and phytoremediation. Herein, we highlight the role of CYPs in plant stress tolerance and their applications for human welfare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Archana Singh
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India.
| | - Ruby Panwar
- Department of Botany, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, New Delhi 110007, India
| | - Pooja Mittal
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India
| | - Md Imtaiyaz Hassan
- Centre for Interdisciplinary Research in Basic Sciences, Jamia Millia Islamia, Jamia Nagar, New Delhi 110025, India
| | - Indrakant Kumar Singh
- Molecular Biology Research Lab, Department of Zoology, Deshbandhu College, University of Delhi, Kalkaji, New Delhi 110019, India.
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Zhao B, Zhang S, Yang W, Li B, Lan C, Zhang J, Yuan L, Wang Y, Xie Q, Han J, Mur LAJ, Hao X, Roberts JA, Miao Y, Yu K, Zhang X. Multi-omic dissection of the drought resistance traits of soybean landrace LX. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2021; 44:1379-1398. [PMID: 33554357 DOI: 10.1111/pce.14025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
With diverse genetic backgrounds, soybean landraces are valuable resource for breeding programs. Herein, we apply multi-omic approaches to extensively characterize the molecular basis of drought tolerance in the soybean landrace LX. Initial screens established that LX performed better with PEG6000 treatment than control cultivars. LX germinated better than William 82 under drought conditions and accumulated more anthocyanin and flavonoids. Untargeted mass spectrometry in combination with transcriptomic analyses revealed the chemical diversity and genetic basis underlying the overall performance of LX landrace. Under control and drought conditions, significant differences in the expression of a suite of secondary metabolism genes, particularly those involved in the general phenylpropanoid pathway and flavonoid but not lignin biosynthesis, were seen in LX and William 82. The expression of these genes correlated with the corresponding metabolites in LX plants. Further correlation analysis between metabolites and transcripts identified pathway structural genes and transcription factors likely are responsible for the LX agronomic traits. The activities of some key biosynthetic genes or regulators were confirmed through heterologous expression in transgenic Arabidopsis and hairy root transformation in soybean. We propose a regulatory mechanism based on flavonoid secondary metabolism and adaptive traits of this landrace which could be of relevance to cultivated soybean.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Shulin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
- College of Biology and Food Engineering, Innovation and Practice Base for Postdoctors, Anyang Institute of Technology, Anyang, China
| | - Wenqi Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Bingyan Li
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Chen Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Junli Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Li Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Yu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Qiguang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Jiwan Han
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Luis A J Mur
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences, Aberystwyth University, Aberystwyth, UK
| | - Xingyu Hao
- College of Agronomy, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, China
| | - Jeremy A Roberts
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, School of Biological & Marine Sciences, University of Plymouth, Devon, UK
| | - Yuchen Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Ke Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
| | - Xuebin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Adaptation and Improvement, Henan Joint International Laboratory for Crop Multi-Omics Research, School of Life Sciences, Henan University, Kaifeng, China
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Gao H, Zhu X, Li G, Liu E, Shen Y, Zhao S, Ge F. RNA Sequencing Analysis of Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) Reveals the Mechanism Underlying Insecticide Resistance. FRONTIERS IN SUSTAINABLE FOOD SYSTEMS 2021. [DOI: 10.3389/fsufs.2021.639841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Xinjiang (XJ) and Ningxia (NX) provinces are important agricultural regions in western China. Aphids are one kind of the most devastating pests in both the provinces. Aphids are typical phloem-feeding insects distributed worldwide and can severely damage crops. In this study, two representative Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) populations were collected from the typical agricultural regions of XJ and NX, respectively for a high-throughput transcriptome sequencing analysis. A total of 5,265 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. The functional annotation of DEGs and the identification of enriched pathways indicated many of the DEGs are involved in processes related to energy metabolism, development, and insecticide resistance. Furthermore, an investigation of insecticide toxicity revealed the NX population is more resistant to insecticide treatments than the XJ population. Thus, the transcriptome data generated in present study can be used for functional gene characterization relevant to aphid development, metabolism, environmental adaptation, and insecticide resistance.
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Zhang Y, Bian S, Liu X, Fang N, Wang C, Liu Y, Du Y, Timko MP, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Synthesis of cembratriene-ol and cembratriene-diol in yeast via the MVA pathway. Microb Cell Fact 2021; 20:29. [PMID: 33530990 PMCID: PMC7852193 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-021-01523-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cembranoids are one kind of diterpenoids with multiple biological activities. The tobacco cembratriene-ol (CBT-ol) and cembratriene-diol (CBT-diol) have high anti-insect and anti-fungal activities, which is attracting great attentions for their potential usage in sustainable agriculture. Cembranoids were supposed to be formed through the 2-C-methyl-d-erythritol-4-phosphate (MEP) pathway, yet the involvement of mevalonate (MVA) pathway in their synthesis remains unclear. Exploring the roles of MVA pathway in cembranoid synthesis could contribute not only to the technical approach but also to the molecular mechanism for cembranoid biosynthesis. Results We constructed vectors to express cembratriene-ol synthase (CBTS1) and its fusion protein (AD-CBTS1) containing an N-terminal GAL4 AD domain as a translation leader in yeast. Eventually, the modified enzyme AD-CBTS1 was successfully expressed, which further resulted in the production of CBT-ol in the yeast strain BY-T20 with enhanced MVA pathway for geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGPP) production but not in other yeast strains with low GGPP supply. Subsequently, CBT-diol was also synthesized by co-expression of the modified enzyme AD-CBTS1 and BD-CYP450 in the yeast strain BY-T20. Conclusions We demonstrated that yeast is insensitive to the tobacco anti-fungal compound CBT-ol or CBT-diol and could be applied to their biosynthesis. This study further established a feasibility for cembranoid production via the MVA pathway and provided an alternative bio-approach for cembranoid biosynthesis in microbes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zhang
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Shiquan Bian
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Ning Fang
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Chunkai Wang
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yanhua Liu
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Yongmei Du
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China
| | - Michael P Timko
- Department of Biology, University of Virginia, 485 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- TRI of CAAS-UVA Joint Laboratory of Synthetic Biology, Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China.
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Sun Z, Lin Y, Wang R, Li Q, Shi Q, Baerson SR, Chen L, Zeng R, Song Y. Olfactory perception of herbivore‐induced plant volatiles elicits counter‐defences in larvae of the tobacco cutworm. Funct Ecol 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.13716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhongxiang Sun
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yibin Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Rumeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Qilin Li
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Qi Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Scott R. Baerson
- United States Department of Agriculture‐Agricultural Research Service Natural Products Utilization Research Unit, University Oxford MS USA
| | - Li Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Integrated Management of Pest Insects and Rodents Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing P. R. China
| | - Rensen Zeng
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
- State Key Laboratory of Ecological Pest Control for Fujian and Taiwan Crops College of Life Sciences Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
| | - Yuanyuan Song
- Key Laboratory of Ministry of Education for Genetics, Breeding and Multiple Utilization of Crops College of Agriculture Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou China
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Pandian BA, Sathishraj R, Djanaguiraman M, Prasad PV, Jugulam M. Role of Cytochrome P450 Enzymes in Plant Stress Response. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9050454. [PMID: 32466087 PMCID: PMC7278705 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9050454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 39.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytochrome P450s (CYPs) are the largest enzyme family involved in NADPH- and/or O2-dependent hydroxylation reactions across all the domains of life. In plants and animals, CYPs play a central role in the detoxification of xenobiotics. In addition to this function, CYPs act as versatile catalysts and play a crucial role in the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, antioxidants, and phytohormones in higher plants. The molecular and biochemical processes catalyzed by CYPs have been well characterized, however, the relationship between the biochemical process catalyzed by CYPs and its effect on several plant functions was not well established. The advent of next-generation sequencing opened new avenues to unravel the involvement of CYPs in several plant functions such as plant stress response. The expression of several CYP genes are regulated in response to environmental stresses, and they also play a prominent role in the crosstalk between abiotic and biotic stress responses. CYPs have an enormous potential to be used as a candidate for engineering crop species resilient to biotic and abiotic stresses. The objective of this review is to summarize the latest research on the role of CYPs in plant stress response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balaji Aravindhan Pandian
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (B.A.P.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (P.V.V.P.)
| | - Rajendran Sathishraj
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (B.A.P.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (P.V.V.P.)
| | - Maduraimuthu Djanaguiraman
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (B.A.P.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (P.V.V.P.)
- Department of Crop Physiology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu 641003, India
| | - P.V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (B.A.P.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (P.V.V.P.)
| | - Mithila Jugulam
- Department of Agronomy, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA; (B.A.P.); (R.S.); (M.D.); (P.V.V.P.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-785-532-2755
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25
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Nautiyal AK, Gani U, Sharma P, Kundan M, Fayaz M, Lattoo SK, Misra P. Comprehensive transcriptome analysis provides insights into metabolic and gene regulatory networks in trichomes of Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2020; 102:625-644. [PMID: 31965448 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-020-00968-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
KEY MESSAGE Comprehensive transcriptome analysis suggested that the primary metabolism is modulated to augment the supply of substrates towards secondary metabolism operating in the glandular trichomes of Nicotiana tabacum. The comparative gene expression and co-expression network analysis revealed that certain members of transcription factor genes belonging to the MYB, HD-ZIP, ERF, TCP, SRS, WRKY and DOF families may be involved in the regulation of metabolism and/other aspects in the glandular trichomes of N. tabacum The glandular trichomes of Nicotiana tabacum are highly productive in terms of secondary metabolites and therefore have been projected to be used as a prognostic platform for metabolic engineering of valuable natural products. For obvious reasons, detailed studies pertaining to the metabolic and gene regulatory networks operating in the glandular trichomes of N. tabacum are of pivotal significance to be undertaken. We have carried out next-generation sequencing of glandular trichomes of N. tabcaum and investigated differential gene expression among different tissues, including trichome-free leaves. We identified a total of 37,269 and 37,371 genes, expressing in trichome free leaf and glandular trichomes, respectively, at a cutoff of FPKM ≥ 1. The analysis revealed that different pathways involved with the primary metabolism are modulated in glandular trichomes of N. tabacum, providing a plausible explanation for the enhanced biosynthesis of secondary metabolism in the glandular trichomes. Further, comparative gene expression analysis revealed several genes, which display preferential expression in the glandular trichomes and thereby seem to be potential candidate genes for future studies in connection to the discovery of novel trichome specific promoters. The present study also led to the comprehensive identification of 1750 transcription factor genes expressing at a cutoff of FPKM ≥ 1 in the glandular trichomes of N. tabacum. The clustering and co-expression analysis suggested that transcription factor genes belonging to HD-ZIP, ERF, WRKY, MYB, TCP, SRS and DOF families may be the major players in the regulation of gene expression in the glandular trichomes of N. tabacum. To the best of our knowledge, the present work is the first effort towards detailed identification of genes, especially regulatory genes expressing in the glandular trichomes of N. tabacum. The data resource and the empirical findings from present work in all probability must, therefore, provide a reference and background context for future work aiming at deciphering molecular mechanism of regulation of secondary metabolism and gene expression in the glandular trichomes of N. tabacum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Kumar Nautiyal
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Umar Gani
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Priyanka Sharma
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Maridul Kundan
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Mohd Fayaz
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India
| | - Surrinder K Lattoo
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India
| | - Prashant Misra
- Plant Biotechnology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu Tawi, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), New Delhi, India.
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Pottier M, Laterre R, Van Wessem A, Ramirez AM, Herman X, Boutry M, Hachez C. Identification of two new trichome-specific promoters of Nicotiana tabacum. PLANTA 2020; 251:58. [PMID: 32020353 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-020-03347-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION: pRbcS-T1 and pMALD1, two new trichome-specific promoters of Nicotiana tabacum, were identified and their strength and specificity were compared to those of previously described promoters in this species. Nicotiana tabacum has emerged as a suitable host for metabolic engineering of terpenoids and derivatives in tall glandular trichomes, which actively synthesize and secrete specialized metabolites. However, implementation of an entire biosynthetic pathway in glandular trichomes requires the identification of trichome-specific promoters to appropriately drive the expression of the transgenes needed to set up the desired pathway. In this context, RT-qPCR analysis was carried out on wild-type N. tabacum plants to compare the expression pattern and gene expression level of NtRbcS-T1 and NtMALD1, two newly identified genes expressed in glandular trichomes, with those of NtCYP71D16, NtCBTS2α, NtCPS2, and NtLTP1, which were reported in the literature to be specifically expressed in glandular trichomes. We show that NtRbcS-T1 and NtMALD1 are specifically expressed in glandular trichomes like NtCYP71D16, NtCBTS2α, and NtCPS2, while NtLTP1 is also expressed in other leaf tissues as well as in the stem. Transcriptional fusions of each of the six promoters to the GUS-VENUS reporter gene were introduced in N. tabacum by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation. Almost all transgenic lines displayed GUS activity in tall glandular trichomes, indicating that the appropriate cis regulatory elements were included in the selected promoter regions. However, unlike for the other promoters, no trichome-specific line was obtained for pNtLTP1:GUS-VENUS, in agreement with the RT-qPCR data. These data thus provide two new transcription promoters that could be used in metabolic engineering of glandular trichomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Pottier
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
- InBioS-PhytoSYSTEMS, Laboratory of Plant Physiology, University of Liège, 4000, Liège, Belgium
| | - Raphaëlle Laterre
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Astrid Van Wessem
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Aldana M Ramirez
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Xavier Herman
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marc Boutry
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Charles Hachez
- Louvain Institute of Biomolecular Science and Technology, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348, Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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Kaminski KP, Goepfert S, Ivanov NV, Peitsch MC. Production of Valuable Compounds in Tobacco. THE TOBACCO PLANT GENOME 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-29493-9_15] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Bathe U, Tissier A. Cytochrome P450 enzymes: A driving force of plant diterpene diversity. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2019; 161:149-162. [PMID: 30733060 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2018.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In plant terpene biosynthesis, oxidation of the hydrocarbon backbone produced by terpene synthases is typically carried out by cytochrome P450 oxygenases (CYPs). The modifications introduced by CYPs include hydroxylations, sequential oxidations at one position and ring rearrangements and closures. These reactions significantly expand the structural diversity of terpenoids, but also provide anchoring points for further decorations by various transferases. In recent years, there has been a significant increase in reports of CYPs involved in plant terpene pathways. Plant diterpenes represent an important class of metabolites that includes hormones and a number of industrially relevant compounds such as pharmaceutical, aroma or food ingredients. In this review, we provide a comprehensive survey on CYPs reported to be involved in plant diterpene biosynthesis to date. A phylogenetic analysis showed that only few CYP clans are represented in diterpene biosynthesis, namely CYP71, CYP85 and CYP72. Remarkably few CYP families and subfamilies within those clans are involved, indicating specific expansion of these clades in plant diterpene biosynthesis. Nonetheless, the evolutionary trajectory of CYPs of specialized diterpene biosynthesis is diverse. Some are recently derived from gibberellin biosynthesis, while others have a more ancient history with recent expansions in specific plant families. Among diterpenoids, labdane-related diterpenoids represent a dominant class. The availability of CYPs from diverse plant species able to catalyze oxidations in specific regions of the labdane-related backbones provides opportunities for combinatorial biosynthesis to produce novel diterpene compounds that can be screened for biological activities of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulschan Bathe
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany
| | - Alain Tissier
- Department of Cell and Metabolic Biology, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Weinberg 3, 06120 Halle, Germany.
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29
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Chen M, Dong H, Shen S, Wang J, Wu D, Liu B. Quantitative analysis of cembranoids in tobacco leaf by using heart‐cutting two‐dimensional liquid chromatography. SEPARATION SCIENCE PLUS 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/sscp.201900002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Min Chen
- Technology CenterShanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd. Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Huizhong Dong
- Technology CenterShanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd. Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Shihao Shen
- Technology CenterShanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd. Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Jiale Wang
- Technology CenterShanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd. Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Da Wu
- Technology CenterShanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd. Shanghai P. R. China
| | - Baizhan Liu
- Technology CenterShanghai Tobacco Group Co., Ltd. Shanghai P. R. China
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Yan N, Du Y, Liu X, Zhang H, Liu Y, Zhang Z. A Review on Bioactivities of Tobacco Cembranoid Diterpenes. Biomolecules 2019; 9:E30. [PMID: 30654586 PMCID: PMC6359560 DOI: 10.3390/biom9010030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2018] [Revised: 12/27/2018] [Accepted: 01/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cembranoids are carbocyclic diterpenes comprising four isoprene units and are natural products with a parent skeleton consisting of a 14-membered ring. They have gained wide interest in recent years and are a major hotspot in the research of natural product chemistry. Since 1962, various tobacco cembranoid diterpenes have been identified. This review systematically discusses and summarises the excellent antimicrobial, insecticidal, cytotoxic and neuroprotective activities of tobacco cembranoid diterpenes. These compounds show potential to be developed as botanical fungicides, cytotoxic drugs and drugs for the treatment of human immunodeficiency virus, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative diseases. However, there are relatively few studies on the structure⁻activity relationship (SAR) of tobacco cembranoid diterpenes. Therefore, future studies should focus on their structural modification, SAR and biogenic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Kuo YW, Lin JS, Li YC, Jhu MY, King YC, Jeng ST. MicroR408 regulates defense response upon wounding in sweet potato. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2019; 70:469-483. [PMID: 30403812 PMCID: PMC6322576 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/ery381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
MiRNAs play diverse roles in plant development and defense responses by binding to their mRNA targets based on sequence complementarity. Here, we investigated a wound-related miR408 and its target genes in sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas) by small RNA deep sequencing and transcriptome analysis. The expression patterns of miR408 and the miR408 precursor were significantly repressed by wounding and jasmonate (JA). In contrast, expression of the putative target genes IbKCS (3-ketoacyl-CoA synthase 4), IbPCL (plantacyanin), and IbGAUT (galacturonosyltransferase 7-like) of miR408 was increased following wounding, whereas only IbKCS was increased after JA treatment. Target cleavage site mapping and Agrobacterium-mediated transient assay demonstrated that IbKCS, IbPCL, and IbGAUT were the targets of miR408. The expression of miR408 target genes was repressed in transgenic sweet potatoes overexpressing miR408. These data indicated a relationship between miR408 and its target genes. Notably, miR408-overexpressing plants showed a semi-dwarf phenotype and attenuated resistance to insect feeding, while transgenic plants overexpressing IbKCS exhibited more insect resistance than plants overexpressing only the empty vector. Collectively, sweet potato reduces the abundance of miR408 upon wounding to elevate the expression of IbKCS, IbPCL, and IbGAUT. The expression of IbKCS enhances the defense system against herbivore wounding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun-Wei Kuo
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jeng-Shane Lin
- Department of Life Sciences, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi Li
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Min-Yao Jhu
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Chi King
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Tong Jeng
- Institute of Plant Biology and Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
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Liu Y, Jing SX, Luo SH, Li SH. Non-volatile natural products in plant glandular trichomes: chemistry, biological activities and biosynthesis. Nat Prod Rep 2019; 36:626-665. [PMID: 30468448 DOI: 10.1039/c8np00077h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The investigation methods, chemistry, bioactivities, and biosynthesis of non-volatile natural products involving 489 compounds in plant glandular trichomes are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
| | - Shu-Xi Jing
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
| | - Shi-Hong Luo
- College of Bioscience and Biotechnology
- Shenyang Agricultural University
- Shenyang
- P. R. China
| | - Sheng-Hong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Phytochemistry and Plant Resources in West China
- Kunming Institute of Botany
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Kunming 650201
- P. R. China
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33
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Li J, Wang Y, Zheng L, Li Y, Zhou X, Li J, Gu D, Xu E, Lu Y, Chen X, Zhang W. The Intracellular Transporter AtNRAMP6 Is Involved in Fe Homeostasis in Arabidopsis. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2019; 10:1124. [PMID: 31608084 PMCID: PMC6757856 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Accepted: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Natural resistance-associated macrophage proteins (NRAMPs) have been shown to transport a wide range of divalent metal ions, such as manganese (Mn), cadmium (Cd), and Iron (Fe). Iron is an essential micronutrient for plants and Fe deficiency can lead to chlorosis or decreased biomass. AtNRAMP6 has demonstrated the capability to transport Cd, but its physiological function is currently unclear. This study demonstrates that AtNRAMP6 is localized to the Golgi/trans-Golgi network and plays an important role in intracellular Fe homeostasis in the flowering plant genus Arabidopsis. GUS tissue-specific expression revealed that AtNRAMP6 is highly expressed in the lateral roots and young leaves (three to four top leaves) of Arabidopsis. Moreover, knocking out AtNRAMP6 was shown to impair lateral root growth without having a differential effect on the main root under Fe-deficient conditions. Lastly, the expression of AtNRAMP6 was found to exacerbate the sensitivity of the yeast mutant Δccc1 to an excessive amount of Fe. These findings indicate that AtNRAMP6 plays an important role in the growth of Arabidopsis in Fe-deficient conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiyu Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- Institute of Horticulture, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei, China
- Key Laboratory of Genetic Improvement and Ecophysiology of Horticultural Crops, Hefei, China
| | - Yuerong Wang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lu Zheng
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yun Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xueli Zhou
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingjun Li
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dongfang Gu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Ending Xu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yaping Lu
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Wei Zhang,
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
- *Correspondence: Xi Chen, ; Wei Zhang,
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Sui J, Wang C, Liu X, Fang N, Liu Y, Wang W, Yan N, Zhang HB, Du Y, Liu X, Lu T, Zhang Z, Zhang H. Formation of α- and β-Cembratriene-Diols in Tobacco ( Nicotiana tabacum L.) Is Regulated by Jasmonate-Signaling Components via Manipulating Multiple Cembranoid Synthetic Genes. Molecules 2018; 23:E2511. [PMID: 30274345 PMCID: PMC6222485 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23102511] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 09/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cembranoids are a group of natural diterpenoid compounds with pharmaceutical potentials, and the cembratriene-diols produced by Nicotiana (tobacco) species display activities in anti-nicotine addiction and neuron protection. Although the enzymes catalyzing cembratriene-diols' formation in tobacco have been investigated, the regulatory mechanism underlying this physiological process remains unknown. This study has investigated the roles of phytohormone jasmonic acid (JA) in regulating cembratriene-diol formation in N. tabacum cv. TN90 and found that JA and COI1, the receptor protein of the bioactive derivative of JA (i.e., JA-Ile), display critical roles in regulating cembratriene-diols' formation and the expression of cembranoid synthetic genes CBTS, P450 and NtLTP1. Further studies showed that over-expressing either the gene encoding bHLH transcription factor MYC2a or that encoding MYB transcription factor MYB305 could upregulate the cembranoid synthetic genes and enhance the cembranoid production in plants with dysfunction of COI1. Further studies suggest that COI1 and its downstream regulators MYC2a and MYB305 also modulate the trichome secretion, which is correlated with cembranoid formation. Taken together, this study has demonstrated a critical role of JA-signaling components in governing the cembratriene-diol formation and the transcription of cembratriene-diol synthetic genes in tobacco. Findings in this study are of great importance to reveal the molecular regulatory mechanism underlying cembranoid synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinkai Sui
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Chunkai Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Ning Fang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yanhua Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Wenjing Wang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Ning Yan
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Huai-Bao Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Yongmei Du
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Xinmin Liu
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Tiegang Lu
- Biotechnology Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China.
| | - Zhongfeng Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
| | - Hongbo Zhang
- Tobacco Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qingdao 266101, China.
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Hu H, Li J, Delatte T, Vervoort J, Gao L, Verstappen F, Xiong W, Gan J, Jongsma MA, Wang C. Modification of chrysanthemum odour and taste with chrysanthemol synthase induces strong dual resistance against cotton aphids. PLANT BIOTECHNOLOGY JOURNAL 2018; 16:1434-1445. [PMID: 29331089 PMCID: PMC6041446 DOI: 10.1111/pbi.12885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 12/20/2017] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Aphids are pests of chrysanthemum that employ plant volatiles to select host plants and ingest cell contents to probe host quality before engaging in prolonged feeding and reproduction. Changes in volatile and nonvolatile metabolite profiles can disrupt aphid-plant interactions and provide new methods of pest control. Chrysanthemol synthase (CHS) from Tanacetum cinerariifolium represents the first committed step in the biosynthesis of pyrethrin ester insecticides, but no biological role for the chrysanthemol product alone has yet been documented. In this study, the TcCHS gene was over-expressed in Chrysanthemum morifolium and resulted in both the emission of volatile chrysanthemol (ca. 47 pmol/h/gFW) and accumulation of a chrysanthemol glycoside derivative, identified by NMR as chrysanthemyl-6-O-malonyl-β-D-glucopyranoside (ca. 1.1 mM), with no detrimental phenotypic effects. Dual-choice assays separately assaying these compounds in pure form and as part of the headspace and extract demonstrated independent bioactivity of both components against the cotton aphid (Aphis gossypii). Performance assays showed that the TcCHS plants significantly reduced aphid reproduction, consistent with disturbance of aphid probing activities on these plants as revealed by electropenetrogram (EPG) studies. In open-field trials, aphid population development was very strongly impaired demonstrating the robustness and high impact of the trait. The results suggest that expression of the TcCHS gene induces a dual defence system, with both repellence by chrysanthemol odour and deterrence by its nonvolatile glycoside, introducing a promising new option for engineering aphid control into plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao Hu
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMOE Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- BU BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jinjin Li
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMOE Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Thierry Delatte
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Jacques Vervoort
- Laboratory of BiochemistryWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Liping Gao
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMOE Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
- BU BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Francel Verstappen
- Laboratory of Plant PhysiologyWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Wei Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMOE Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
| | - Jianping Gan
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center of Dabie MountainsHuanggang Normal UniversityHuanggangChina
| | - Maarten A. Jongsma
- BU BioscienceWageningen University and ResearchWageningenThe Netherlands
| | - Caiyun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant BiologyMOE Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina
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Le‐Huu P, Rekow D, Krüger C, Bokel A, Heidt T, Schaubach S, Claasen B, Hölzel S, Frey W, Laschat S, Urlacher VB. Chemoenzymatic Route to Oxyfunctionalized Cembranoids Facilitated by Substrate and Protein Engineering. Chemistry 2018; 24:12010-12021. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201802250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2018] [Revised: 06/27/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priska Le‐Huu
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Dominik Rekow
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Claudia Krüger
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Ansgar Bokel
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Tanja Heidt
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sebastian Schaubach
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Birgit Claasen
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sebastian Hölzel
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Wolfgang Frey
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Sabine Laschat
- Institute of Organic ChemistryUniversity Stuttgart Pfaffenwaldring 55 70569 Stuttgart Germany
| | - Vlada B. Urlacher
- Institute of BiochemistryHeinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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37
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Dluge KL, Song Z, Wang B, Tyler Steede W, Xiao B, Liu Y, Dewey RE. Characterization of Nicotiana tabacum genotypes possessing deletion mutations that affect potyvirus resistance and the production of trichome exudates. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:484. [PMID: 29925313 PMCID: PMC6011258 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-018-4839-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 05/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advances in genomics technologies are making it increasingly feasible to characterize breeding lines that carry traits of agronomic interest. Tobacco germplasm lines that carry loci designated VAM and va have been extensively investigated due to their association with potyvirus resistance (both VAM and va) and defects in leaf surface compounds originating from glandular trichomes (VAM only). Molecular studies and classical genetic analyses are consistent with the model that VAM and va represent deletion mutations in the same chromosomal region. In this study, we used RNA-seq analysis, together with emerging tobacco reference genome sequence information to characterize the genomic regions deleted in tobacco lines containing VAM and va. RESULTS Tobacco genotypes TI 1406 (VAM), K326-va and K326 (wild type) were analyzed using RNA-seq to generate a list of genes differentially expressed in TI 1406 and K326-va, versus the K326 control. Candidate genes were localized onto tobacco genome scaffolds and validated as being absent in only VAM, or missing in both VAM and va, through PCR analysis. These results enabled the construction of a map that predicted the relative extent of the VAM and va mutations on the distal end of chromosome 21. The RNA-seq analyses lead to the discovery that members of the cembratrienol synthase gene family are deleted in TI 1406. Transformation of TI 1406 with a cembratrienol synthase cDNA, however, did not recover the leaf chemistry phenotype. Common to both TI 1406 and K326-va was the absence of a gene encoding a specific isoform of a eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eiF4E1.S). Transformation experiments showed that ectopic expression of eiF4E1.S is sufficient to restore potyvirus susceptibility in plants possessing either the va or VAM mutant loci. CONCLUSIONS We have demonstrated the feasibility of using RNA-seq and emerging whole genome sequence resources in tobacco to characterize the VAM and va deletion mutants. These results lead to the discovery of genes underlying some of the phenotypic traits associated with these historically important loci. Additionally, initial size estimations were made for the deleted regions, and dominant markers were developed that are very close to one of the deletion junctions that defines va.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurtis L. Dluge
- Department of Crop and Soils Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Zhongbang Song
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, No. 33 Yuantong St., Kunming, 650021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Bingwu Wang
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, No. 33 Yuantong St., Kunming, 650021 People’s Republic of China
| | - W. Tyler Steede
- Department of Crop and Soils Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
| | - Bingguang Xiao
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, No. 33 Yuantong St., Kunming, 650021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Liu
- Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural Sciences, No. 33 Yuantong St., Kunming, 650021 People’s Republic of China
| | - Ralph E. Dewey
- Department of Crop and Soils Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695 USA
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38
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Zhang H, Zhang S, Yang Y, Jia H, Cui H. Metabolic Flux Engineering of Cembratrien-ol Production in Both the Glandular Trichome and Leaf Mesophyll in Nicotiana tabacum. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2018; 59:566-574. [PMID: 29346685 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcy004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Cembratrien-ol synthase (CBTS) catalyzes the first step in cembranoid biosynthesis, producing cembratrien-ols in plant trichomes. In our previous study, microarray transcriptomes between leaves with trichomes and leaves without trichomes showed that an NtCBTS2 gene was expressed exclusively and abundantly in trichomes. Here, two NtCBTS2 isogenes (NtCBTS2a and NtCBTS2b), derived from a diploid genome donor, Nicotiana sylvestris, were identified from N. tabacum. Both genes were expressed primarily in trichomes, with relatively decreased transcription in flowers and stems, and faint expression in roots, and no expression was detected in leaves lacking trichomes. To demonstrate the feasibility of producing natural product cembratrien-ols in tobacco mesophylls, the mesophylls of 35S:NtCBTS2b transgenic tobacco plants were used in the analysis, suggesting that constitutive expression of NtCBTS2b led to the cembratrien-ol production in mesophylls. Overexpression of NtCBTS2b using either Cauliflower mosaic virus (CaMV) 35S or trichome-specific Cyt P450 oxygenase (CYP) promoters greatly increased aphid resistance by promoting the accumulation of CBT-ols, increased the secretory cell growth in glandular trichomes and increased the levels of various physiological measures, including sugar esters, gibberellins, and cembranoid production. Meanwhile, specifically overexpressing NtCBTS2b in glandular trichomes could most efficiently promote aphid resistance in tobacco plants. Notably, our results indicate the feasibility of utilizing bio-engineering to produce large amounts of CBT-ols, and modify significantly the composition of naturally produced CBT-ols and CBT-diols, thereby promoting aphid resistance in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Songtao Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yongxia Yang
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hongfang Jia
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hong Cui
- Key Laboratory for Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, College of Tobacco Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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Plant secretory structures: more than just reaction bags. Curr Opin Biotechnol 2018; 49:73-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.copbio.2017.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Revised: 08/01/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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40
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Tian N, Liu F, Wang P, Zhang X, Li X, Wu G. The molecular basis of glandular trichome development and secondary metabolism in plants. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plgene.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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Kumar V, Saha D, Thakare DR, Jajoo A, Jain PK, Bhat SR, Srinivasan R. A part of the upstream promoter region of SHN2 gene directs trichome specific expression in Arabidopsis thaliana and heterologous plants. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2017; 264:138-148. [PMID: 28969794 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2017.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A promoter trap mutant line of Arabidopsis carrying a promoterless β-glucuronidase (uidA) gene exhibited GUS expression predominantly in all the trichomes. In this mutant, the T-DNA insertion was localized at 147bp upstream of the putative start codon, ATG, of the At5g11190 (SHN2) gene. Transcript profiling of the SHN2 suggested a constitutive expression of the gene in all the tissues. Deletion analysis of the upstream sequences established that a 565bp (-594/-30) region confers trichome-specific gene expression. The trichomes isolated from young, mature and senesced leaf tissues also showed the presence of SHN2 transcript. The occurrence of multiple TSSs on the SHN2 gene sequence, presence of the SHN2 transcript in the homozygous trip mutant, despite an insertional mutation event, and diverse reporter gene expression pattern driven by 5' and 3' promoter deletion fragments, suggest a complex transcriptional regulation of SHN2 gene in Arabidopsis. The promoter sequence -594/-30 showed a conserved functional role in conferring non-glandular trichome-specific expression in other heterologous systems like Brassica juncea and Solanum lycopersicon. Thus, in the present study T-DNA tagging has led to the identification of a trichome-specific regulatory sequence in the upstream region of a constitutively expressed SHN2 gene. The study also suggests a complex regulation of SHN2 gene. Isolated trichome specific region retains its functions in other systems like Brassica and tomato, hence could be effectively exploited in engineering trichome cells in heterologous crop plants to manipulate traits like biopharming and insect herbivory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vajinder Kumar
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Dipnarayan Saha
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Dhiraj Ramesh Thakare
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | - Anjana Jajoo
- School of Life Sciences, Devi Ahilya Vishwavidyalaya, Indore, Madhya Pradesh, 452010, India.
| | - Pradeep Kumar Jain
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
| | | | - Ramamurthy Srinivasan
- ICAR-National Research Centre on Plant Biotechnology, Pusa Campus, New Delhi, 110012, India.
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Elucidation of terpenoid metabolism in Scoparia dulcis by RNA-seq analysis. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43311. [PMID: 28266568 PMCID: PMC5339715 DOI: 10.1038/srep43311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Scoparia dulcis biosynthesize bioactive diterpenes, such as scopadulcic acid B (SDB), which are known for their unique molecular skeleton. Although the biosynthesis of bioactive diterpenes is catalyzed by a sequence of class II and class I diterpene synthases (diTPSs), the mechanisms underlying this process are yet to be fully identified. To elucidate these biosynthetic machinery, we performed a high-throughput RNA-seq analysis, and de novo assembly of clean reads revealed 46,332 unique transcripts and 40,503 two unigenes. We found diTPSs genes including a putative syn-copalyl diphosphate synthase (SdCPS2) and two kaurene synthase-like (SdKSLs) genes. Besides them, total 79 full-length of cytochrome P450 (CYP450) genes were also discovered. The expression analyses showed selected CYP450s associated with their expression pattern of SdCPS2 and SdKSL1, suggesting that CYP450 candidates involved diterpene modification. SdCPS2 represents the first predicted gene to produce syn-copalyl diphosphate in dicots. In addition, SdKSL1 potentially contributes to the SDB biosynthetic pathway. Therefore, these identified genes associated with diterpene biosynthesis lead to the development of genetic engineering focus on diterpene metabolism in S. dulcis.
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Liu Y, Liu D, Hu R, Hua C, Ali I, Zhang A, Liu B, Wu M, Huang L, Gan Y. AtGIS, a C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factor from Arabidopsis regulates glandular trichome development through GA signaling in tobacco. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 483:209-215. [PMID: 28034756 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.12.164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2016] [Accepted: 12/24/2016] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
Glandular trichome is specialized multicellular structures that have capability to synthesize and secrete secondary metabolites and protect plants from biotic and abiotic stresses. Our previous results revealed that the C2H2 zinc-finger transcription factors (GIS) acts upstream of GL3/EGL3-GL1-TTG1transcriptional activator complex to regulate trichome initiation through GA signal in Arabidopsis. In the present study, we are reporting that ectopic expression of AtGIS could regulate glandular trichome development through GA signaling in tobacco. X-gluc staining of various organs from transgenic plants showed that AtGIS expressed mainly in the glandular trichomes. Statistical analysis demonstrated that over expression of GIS increased significantly glandular trichome production on the leaf, stem, branch, and sepal in tobacco. After PAC treatment, reduction of glandular trichome production in transgenic plants was more severe with compared to wild type plants. Furthermore, GA treatment could induce expression of AtGIS. More importantly, our results also demonstrated that overexpressed AtGIS significantly affect the main components of trichome exudates, such as significantly increase the content of nicotine, Cembratriene-4, 6-diol. Taken together, these results suggest that ectopic expression of AtGIS regulates glandular trichome development and may play a key role in compounds secretion in tobacco.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihua Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dongdong Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic Molecular Physics, Wuhan Center for Magnetic Resonance, CAS Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Changmei Hua
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Imran Ali
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Aidong Zhang
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Bohan Liu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Minjie Wu
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Linli Huang
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yinbo Gan
- Zhejiang Key Lab of Crop Germplasm, Department of Agronomy, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
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Sasse J, Schlegel M, Borghi L, Ullrich F, Lee M, Liu GW, Giner JL, Kayser O, Bigler L, Martinoia E, Kretzschmar T. Petunia hybrida PDR2 is involved in herbivore defense by controlling steroidal contents in trichomes. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2016; 39:2725-2739. [PMID: 27628025 DOI: 10.1111/pce.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Accepted: 08/29/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
As a first line of defense against insect herbivores many plants store high concentrations of toxic and deterrent secondary metabolites in glandular trichomes. Plant Pleiotropic Drug Resistance (PDR)-type ABC transporters are known secondary metabolite transporters, and several have been implicated in pathogen or herbivore defense. Here, we report on Petunia hybrida PhPDR2 as a major contributor to trichome-related chemical defense. PhPDR2 was found to localize to the plasma membrane and be predominantly expressed in multicellular glandular trichomes of leaves and stems. Down-regulation of PhPDR2 via RNA interference (pdr2) resulted in a markedly higher susceptibility of the transgenic plants to the generalist foliage feeder Spodoptera littoralis. Untargeted screening of pdr2 trichome metabolite contents showed a significant decrease in petuniasterone and petuniolide content, compounds, which had previously been shown to act as potent toxins against various insects. Our findings suggest that PhPDR2 plays a leading role in controlling petuniasterone levels in leaves and trichomes of petunia, thus contributing to herbivory resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joëlle Sasse
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Markus Schlegel
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Lorenzo Borghi
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Friederike Ullrich
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Miyoung Lee
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Guo-Wei Liu
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | | | - Oliver Kayser
- Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund, Dortmund, Germany
| | - Laurent Bigler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Zürich, 8008, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Martinoia
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Kretzschmar
- Institute of Plant Biology, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- International Rice Research Institute, Metro Manila, Philippines
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Le-Huu P, Petrović D, Strodel B, Urlacher VB. One-Pot, Two-Step Hydroxylation of the Macrocyclic Diterpenoid β-Cembrenediol Catalyzed by P450 BM3 Mutants. ChemCatChem 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201600973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Priska Le-Huu
- Institute of Biochemistry; Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1, Bldg. 26.42.U1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Dušan Petrović
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6); Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425 Jülich Germany
| | - Birgit Strodel
- Institute of Complex Systems: Structural Biochemistry (ICS-6); Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH; 52425 Jülich Germany
- Institute of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry; Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
| | - Vlada B. Urlacher
- Institute of Biochemistry; Heinrich-Heine University Düsseldorf; Universitätsstrasse 1, Bldg. 26.42.U1 40225 Düsseldorf Germany
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O’Neill EC, Kelly S. Engineering biosynthesis of high-value compounds in photosynthetic organisms. Crit Rev Biotechnol 2016; 37:779-802. [DOI: 10.1080/07388551.2016.1237467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Kelly
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
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Zhao D, Qin LJ, Zhao DG. RNA interference of the nicotine demethylase gene CYP82E4v1 reduces nornicotine content and enhances Myzus persicae resistance in Nicotiana tabacum L. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2016; 107:214-221. [PMID: 27314515 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2016.04.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2015] [Revised: 04/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The CYP82E4v1 gene was identified to encode nicotine demethylase, which catalyzed the conversion of nicotine to nornicotine. In this study, we constructed CYP82E4v1-RNAi vector and genetically transformed tobacco variety K326. The determination results of nicotine and nornicotine content via HPLC demonstrated that there was significant increase of nicotine content and reduction of nornicotine content in transgenic plants compared with those in wild-type plants. Exogenous application of IAA or GA3 could reduce the nicotine content in tobaccos, while ABA or 6-BA could increase the content of nicotine. And the more significant difference of nicotine content change in transgenic plants. Aphid-inoculation experiment demonstrated the number of aphid population in transgenic plants was significantly lower than wild-type plants at 12 d after aphid-inoculation. Meanwhile, the activity of AOEs and PAL in transgenic and wild-type tobacco plants after aphid-inoculation was measured. At 3 d after aphid-inoculation, both AOEs and PAL activity were significantly higher than controls, including wild-type plants with aphid-inoculation and transgenic plants with mock-inoculation. Also, the relative expression of these genes involved in salicylic acid/jasmonic acid (SA/JA) signaling pathways was analyzed at different stages after aphid-inoculation and the results demonstrated that there was significantly higher expression of JA-induced LOX gene in both transgenic and wild-type plants inoculated by aphid than the non-inoculated ones while no significant difference in the expression of SA-induced PR-1a gene among them was found, which indicated the JA-mediated resistance response was activated during aphid infestation. Moreover, although the expression level of BGL (another JA-induced gene) was less significant between the two inoculated tobaccos, it was significantly higher than the plant without inoculation, which was 1.4 and 2.2 folds higher than the non-inoculated controls respectively. To sum up, the improvement of aphid-resistance in transgenic tobaccos was based on nicotine accumulation which might cause nerve and antifeed toxicity and JA-mediated resistance response by enhancing the activities of AOEs and PAL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China; Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - Li-Jun Qin
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China; Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China
| | - De-Gang Zhao
- The Key Laboratory of Plant Resources Conservation and Germplasm Innovation in Mountainous Region (Ministry of Education), Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China; Institute of Agro-Bioengineering and College of Life Sciences, Guizhou University, Guiyang, Guizhou Province, PR China.
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49
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Champagne A, Boutry M. Proteomics of terpenoid biosynthesis and secretion in trichomes of higher plant species. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-PROTEINS AND PROTEOMICS 2016; 1864:1039-49. [PMID: 26873244 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2015] [Revised: 01/12/2016] [Accepted: 02/04/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Among the specialized (secondary) plant metabolites, terpenoids represent the most diverse family and are often involved in the defense against pathogens and herbivores. Terpenoids can be produced both constitutively and in response to the environment. At the front line of this defense strategy are the glandular trichomes, which are organs dedicated primarily to the production of specialized metabolites. Mass spectrometry-based proteomics is a powerful tool, which is very useful to investigate enzymes involved in metabolic pathways, such as the synthesis and secretion of terpenoids in glandular trichomes. Here we review the strategies used to investigate the specific roles of these particular organs from non-model plant species, mainly belonging to the Lamiaceae, Solanaceae, and Cannabaceae families. We discuss how proteomics helps to accurately pinpoint candidate proteins to be functionally characterized, and how technological progresses create opportunities for studying low-abundance proteins, such as the ones related to the synthesis and transport of specialized metabolites. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Plant Proteomics--a bridge between fundamental processes and crop production, edited by Dr. Hans-Peter Mock.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoine Champagne
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Marc Boutry
- Institut des Sciences de la Vie, Université catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.
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50
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Zhao C, Feng X, Tang T, Qiu L. Isolation and Expression Analysis of CYP9A11 and Cytochrome P450 Reductase Gene in the Beet Armyworm (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). JOURNAL OF INSECT SCIENCE (ONLINE) 2015; 15:iev100. [PMID: 26320261 PMCID: PMC4672210 DOI: 10.1093/jisesa/iev100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/03/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (CYPs), as an enzyme superfamily, is widely distributed in organisms and plays a vital function in the metabolism of exogenous and endogenous compounds by interacting with its obligatory redox partner, CYP reductase (CPR). A novel CYP gene (CYP9A11) and CPR gene from the agricultural pest insect Spodoptera exigua were cloned and characterized. The complete cDNA sequences of SeCYP9A11 and SeCPR are 1,931 and 3,919 bp in length, respectively, and contain open reading frames of 1,593 and 2,070 nucleotides, respectively. Analysis of the putative protein sequences indicated that SeCYP9A11 contains a heme-binding domain and the unique characteristic sequence (SRFALCE) of the CYP9 family, in addition to a signal peptide and transmembrane segment at the N-terminal. Alignment analysis revealed that SeCYP9A11 shares the highest sequence similarity with CYP9A13 from Mamestra brassicae, which is 66.54%. The putative protein sequence of SeCPR has all of the classical CPR features, such as an N-terminal membrane anchor; three conserved domain flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD), flavin mononucleotide (FMN), and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) domain; and characteristic binding motifs. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that SeCPR shares the highest identity with HaCPR, which is 95.21%. The SeCYP9A11 and SeCPR genes were detected in the midgut, fat body, and cuticle tissues, and throughout all of the developmental stages of S. exigua. The mRNA levels of SeCYP9A11 and SeCPR decreased remarkably after exposure to plant secondary metabolites quercetin and tannin. The results regarding SeCYP9A11 and SeCPR genes in the current study provide foundation for the further study of S. exigua P450 system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqing Zhao
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China College of Plant Protection, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Xiaoyun Feng
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China *These authors contributed equally to this work
| | - Tao Tang
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China Institute of Plant Protection, Hunan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changsha, China
| | - Lihong Qiu
- College of Science, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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