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Yong‐Lin W, Yan Z, Yan T, Yuan‐Fang K, Yu‐Long H, Jie‐Ming L, Shao‐Pei W, Chun‐Hong D, Xiao‐Fei L. Exploring the Hypoglycaemic Mechanism of Chinese Medicine Xiao‐Ke‐An Based on Target Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 Using Molecular Docking and Dynamics Simulation. ChemistrySelect 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202101661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wang Yong‐Lin
- School of Pharmacy Henan University of Chinese Medicine 156 Jinshui East Road Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Zhuang Yan
- School of Pharmacy Henan University of Chinese Medicine 156 Jinshui East Road Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Tong Yan
- School of Pharmacy Henan University of Chinese Medicine 156 Jinshui East Road Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Kong Yuan‐Fang
- School of Pharmacy Henan University of Chinese Medicine 156 Jinshui East Road Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Hu Yu‐Long
- School of Pharmacy Henan University of Chinese Medicine 156 Jinshui East Road Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Li Jie‐Ming
- School of Pharmacy Henan University of Chinese Medicine 156 Jinshui East Road Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Wang Shao‐Pei
- School of Pharmacy Henan University of Chinese Medicine 156 Jinshui East Road Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Dong Chun‐Hong
- School of Pharmacy Henan University of Chinese Medicine 156 Jinshui East Road Zhengzhou Henan China
| | - Li Xiao‐Fei
- School of Pharmacy Henan University of Chinese Medicine 156 Jinshui East Road Zhengzhou Henan China
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Jiang S, Wu X, Wang Y, Zou J, Zhao X. The potential DPP-4 inhibitors from Xiao-Ke-An improve the glucolipid metabolism via the activation of AKT/GSK-3β pathway. Eur J Pharmacol 2020; 882:173272. [PMID: 32535096 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2020.173272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2020] [Revised: 06/08/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 (DPP-4) is a specific enzyme hydrolyzing the incretin hormone glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) to reduce insulin secretion, meanwhile DPP-4 inhibitors play an important role in diabetic therapy. In present study, 14 potential inhibitors were screened with an inhibition over 50% on DPP-4 activity from Xiao-Ke-An formula (XKA) and 12 of them exhibited a dose-dependently inhibitory effect at concentrations of 5-50 μmol/l. We found 10 DPP-4 inhibitors restrained differentiation of 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes as well as reducing the triglycerides and total cholesterol content in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. Furthermore, 7 DPP-4 inhibitors promoted the glucose consumption in insulin-resistance BNL CL.2 cells. Thereinto, ginsenoside Rk1 up-regulated the protein kinase B (AKT) and glycogen synthase kinase-3 (GSK-3β) phosphorylation expression, while kukoamine B and coptisine hydrochloride obviously increased the phosphorylation of AKT protein and columbamine, panaxadiol, ginsenoside Ro, timosaponin AI significantly promoted the phosphorylation of GSK-3β protein. It's our first effort to confirm those seven compounds could serve as DPP-4 inhibitors to attenuate DPP-4 activities, accompanied with the ability to adjust glucolipid metabolism. Moreover, activating the AKT/GSK-3β signaling pathway to ameliorate insulin resistant may be the anti-diabetic mechanism of XKA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Jiang
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Xueli Wu
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
| | - Yi Wang
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Jingtao Zou
- Tonghua Huaxia Pharmaceutical Company, JiLin, 134000, China.
| | - Xiaoping Zhao
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, 310053, China.
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Similarity of therapeutic networks induced by a multi-component herbal remedy, Ukgansan, in neurovascular unit cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2658. [PMID: 32060346 PMCID: PMC7021700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-59537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurovascular unit, which includes neurons, glial cells, and vascular cells, plays crucial roles in the onset and progression of Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Therefore, effective drugs against AD should be able to target the multi-cellular neurovascular unit and the therapeutic relationships among neurovascular cells should be defined. Here, we examined the therapeutic effects of Ukgansan (UGS), an herbal remedy with multi-targeting capabilities, using in vitro neurovascular unit models and an in vivo model of AD. In addition, we compared the therapeutic networks induced by UGS and its components in different neurovascular cell types. We found that UGS and its components protected neurovascular cells against diverse damaging agents and improved the behavioral patterns of AD model mice. A comparison of UGS- or its components-induced therapeutic networks, constructed from high-throughput data on gene expression, pathway activity, and protein phosphorylation, revealed similarities among neurovascular cell types, especially between BV-2 microglia and HBVP (human brain vascular pericytes). These findings, together with the functional connections between neurovascular cells, can explain the therapeutic effects of UGS. Furthermore, they suggest underlying similarities in the therapeutic mechanisms in different neurovascular cell types.
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Luo TT, Lu Y, Yan SK, Xiao X, Rong XL, Guo J. Network Pharmacology in Research of Chinese Medicine Formula: Methodology, Application and Prospective. Chin J Integr Med 2019; 26:72-80. [PMID: 30941682 DOI: 10.1007/s11655-019-3064-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 364] [Impact Index Per Article: 72.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Chinese medicine (CM) is usually prescribed as CM formula to treat disease. The lack of effective research approach makes it difficult to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of CM formula owing to its complicated chemical compounds. Network pharmacology is increasingly applied in CM formula research in recent years, which is identified suitable for the study of CM formula. In this review, we summarized the methodology of network pharmacology, including network construction, network analysis and network verification. The aim of constructing a network is to achieve the interaction between the bioactive compounds and targets and the interaction between various targets, and then find out and validate the key nodes via network analysis and network verification. Besides, we reviewed the application in CM formula research, mainly including targets discovery, bioactive compounds screening, toxicity evaluation, mechanism research and quality control research. Finally, we proposed prospective in the future and limitations of network pharmacology, expecting to provide new strategy and thinking on study for CM formula.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting-Ting Luo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yuan Lu
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shi-Kai Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, China
| | - Xue Xiao
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Xiang-Lu Rong
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jiao Guo
- Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China. .,Guangdong Metabolic Diseases Research Center of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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Luo YH, Zhu M, Wang DG, Yang YS, Tan T, Zhu H, He JF. Yangxin Tongmai Formula ameliorates impaired glucose tolerance in children with Graves' disease through upregulation of the insulin receptor levels. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2018; 39:923-929. [PMID: 29168473 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2017.94] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Accepted: 06/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Graves' disease (GD) is the leading cause of hyperthyroidism, and the majority of GD patients eventually develop disorders of glucose handling, which further affects their quality of life. Yangxin Tongmai formula (YTF) is modified from a famous formula of traditional Chinese medicine for the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. In this study we investigated the potential effects of YTF in the treatment of pediatric GD patients with impaired glucose tolerance. Forty pediatric GD patients and 20 healthy children were recruited for this clinical study. Based on the glucose tolerance, the GD patients were divided into two groups: 20 patients displayed impaired glucose tolerance, while the other 20 patients displayed normal glucose tolerance. YTF was orally administered for 60 days. YTF administration significantly ameliorated the abnormal glucose tolerance and insulin sensitivity in the GD patients with impaired glucose tolerance. To determine the molecular mechanisms of this observation, the number of plasma insulin receptors was determined by ELISA. Before treatment, the fasting and postprandial levels of the insulin receptor were significantly lower in patients with impaired glucose tolerance compared with those in patients with normal glucose tolerance and healthy children. After YTF treatment, both the fasting and the postprandial circulating insulin receptor levels were upregulated, and close to those in healthy children. Therefore, YTF is a potential effective treatment to enhance glucose handling in GD children with impaired glucose tolerance.
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Yang Z, Li Z, Li Z. DPPH-HPLC-MS assisted rapid identification of endothelial protective substances from Xiao-Ke-An. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2018; 211:188-196. [PMID: 28716572 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2017.07.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Revised: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Xiao-Ke-An formula (XKA) is a Chinese medicine widely used for treating diabetes and associated complications. Endothelial protection is thought to be one of its therapeutic mechanisms. However, the protective effect of XKA on endothelial cells remains unclear, especially in oxidative injury induced endothelial dysfunction. MATERIALS AND METHODS A novel strategy to rapidly screen and identify potential endothelial protective substances from XKA was established by combining the 2,2'-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (DPPH-HPLC-MS) approach with cell-based verification. Firstly, the DPPH-HPLC-MS approach was employed to identify the antioxidants in XKA. Then, the potent endothelial protective effect of XKA, and the potential active substances and mechanism of action were revealed in EA.hy926 cells injured by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (t-BHP). RESULTS XKA exhibited potent antioxidant activity and endothelial protective effect. Phenolic acids derived from Salvia miltiorrhiza Bunge, root and rhizome, xanthones from Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, rhizome, and acteoside from Rehmannia glutinosa (Gaertn.) DC., root, were identified as the major endothelial protective components in XKA. CONCLUSIONS An efficient method for rapid identifying endothelial protective substances from complex mixtures was developed and used to identify the major endothelial protective components in XKA. This method would help reveal the material base of herbal medicine with endothelial protective effect, and could also be applied to discover novel natural-origin endothelial protective substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Yang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China.
| | - Zhenhao Li
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, China.
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A Bioactive Chemical Markers Based Strategy for Quality Assessment of Botanical Drugs: Xuesaitong Injection as a Case Study. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2410. [PMID: 28546540 PMCID: PMC5445085 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02305-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Current chemical markers based quality assessment methods largely fail to reflect intrinsic chemical complexity and multiple mechanisms of action of botanical drugs (BD). The development of novel quality markers is greatly needed. Here we propose bioactive chemical markers (BCM), defined as a group of chemo-markers that exhibit similar pharmacological activities comparable to the whole BD, which can therefore be used to effectively assess the quality of BD. As a proof-of-concept, a BCM-based strategy was developed and applied to Xuesaitong Injection (XST) for assessing the efficacy and consistency of different batches. Firstly, systemic characterization of chemical profile of XST revealed a total number of 97 compounds. Secondly, notoginsenoside R1, ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1 and Rd were identified as BCM of XST on treating cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases according to Adjusted Efficacy Score following an in vivo validation. Analytical method for quantification of BCM was then developed to ensure the efficacy of XST. Finally, chemical fingerprinting was developed and used to evaluate the batch-to-batch consistency. Our present case study on XST demonstrates that BCM-based strategy offers a rational approach for quality assessment of BD and provides a workflow for chemistry, manufacturing, and controls (CMC) study of BD required by regulatory authority.
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Yang Z, Zhu J, Zhang H, Fan X. Investigating chemical features of Panax notoginseng based on integrating HPLC fingerprinting and determination of multiconstituents by single reference standard. J Ginseng Res 2017; 42:334-342. [PMID: 29983615 PMCID: PMC6026368 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgr.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2017] [Accepted: 04/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Panax notoginseng is a highly valued medicine and functional food, whose quality is considered to be influenced by the size, botanical parts, and growth environments. Methods In this study, a HPLC method integrating fingerprinting and determination of multiconstituents by single reference standard was established and adopted to investigate the chemical profiles and active constituent contents of 215 notoginseng samples with different sizes, from different botanical parts and geographical regions. Results Chemical differences among main root, branch root, and rotten root were not distinct, while rhizome and fibrous root could be discriminated from other parts. The notoginseng samples from Wenshan Autonomous Prefecture and cities nearby were similar, whereas samples from cities far away were not. The contents of major active constituents in main root did not correlate with the market price. Conclusion This study provided comprehensive chemical evidence for the rational usage of different parts, sizes, and growth regions of notoginseng in practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Yang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jieqiang Zhu
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhang
- Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Xiaohui Fan
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
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Behl T, Kotwani A. Chinese herbal drugs for the treatment of diabetic retinopathy. J Pharm Pharmacol 2017; 69:223-235. [DOI: 10.1111/jphp.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 11/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To explore the various pharmacological actions and the molecular mechanisms behind them by which Chinese herbs tend to lower the risk of developing microvascular diabetic complications in retina and prevent its further progression.
Key findings
Several Chinese herbs, indeed, elicit potent anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, anti-angiogenic, anti-apoptotic, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma receptor agonistic, platelet-activating factor antagonistic, aldose reductase inhibitory and various other beneficial pharmacological activities, required to counteract the pathological conditions prevalent in retina during diabetes.
Summary
Chinese herbs can potentially be used for the treatment/prevention of diabetic retinopathy owing to the virtue of numerous properties by which they alleviate several hyperglycaemia-induced pathological occurrences in retina. This would provide a natural and safe therapy for diabetic retinopathy, which currently is clinically limited to destructive techniques like laser photocoagulation and vitrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapan Behl
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | - Anita Kotwani
- Department of Pharmacology, Vallabhbhai Patel Chest Institute, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
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Suo T, Liu J, Chen X, Yu H, Wang T, Li C, Wang Y, Wang C, Li Z. Combining Chemical Profiling and Network Analysis to Investigate the Pharmacology of Complex Prescriptions in Traditional Chinese Medicine. Sci Rep 2017; 7:40529. [PMID: 28084407 PMCID: PMC5233960 DOI: 10.1038/srep40529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 12/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a paradigm, combining chemical profiling, absorbed components detection in plasma and network analysis, for investigating the pharmacology of combination drugs and complex formulae. On the one hand, the composition of the formula is investigated comprehensively via mass spectrometry analysis, followed by pharmacological studies of the fractions as well as the plasma concentration testing for the ingredients. On the other hand, both the candidate target proteins and the effective ingredients of the formula are predicted via analyzing the corresponding networks. The most probable active compounds can then be identified by combining the experimental results with the network analysis. In order to illustrate the performance of the paradigm, we apply it to the Danggui-Jianzhong formula (DJF) from traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and predict 4 probably active ingredients, 3 of which are verified experimentally to display anti-platelet activity, i.e., (Z)-Ligustilide, Licochalcone A and Pentagalloylglucose. Moreover, the 3-compound formulae composed of these 3 chemicals show better anti-platelet activity than DJF. In addition, the paradigm predicts the association between these 3 compounds and COX-1, and our experimental validation further shows that such association comes from the inhibitory effects of the compounds on the activity of COX-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tongchuan Suo
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Jinping Liu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Xi Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Hua Yu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Tenglong Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Congcong Li
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Yuefei Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Chunhua Wang
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
| | - Zheng Li
- College of Pharmaceutical Engineering of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China.,Tianjin Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 300193, PR China
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Wang T, Lu M, Du Q, Yao X, Zhang P, Chen X, Xie W, Li Z, Ma Y, Zhu Y. An integrated anti-arrhythmic target network of a Chinese medicine compound, Wenxin Keli, revealed by combined machine learning and molecular pathway analysis. MOLECULAR BIOSYSTEMS 2017; 13:1018-1030. [DOI: 10.1039/c7mb00003k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Deciphering the compound Wenxin Keli's anti-arrhythmic pharmacological mechanism by integrating network pharmacology and experimental verification methods.
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Diabetic Osteoporosis: A Review of Its Traditional Chinese Medicinal Use and Clinical and Preclinical Research. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2016; 2016:3218313. [PMID: 27698674 PMCID: PMC5028800 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3218313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 07/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Aim. The incidence of diabetic osteoporosis (DOP) is increasing due to lack of effective management over the past few decades. This review aims to summarize traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) suitability in the pathogenesis and clinical and preclinical management of DOP. Methods. Literature sources used were from Medline (Pubmed), CNKI (China Knowledge Resource Integrated Database), and CSTJ (China Science and Technology Journal Database) online databases. For the consultation, keywords such as diabetic osteoporosis (DOP), TCM, clinical study, animal experiment, toxicity, and research progress were used in various combinations. Around 100 research papers and reviews were visited. Results. Liver-spleen-kidney insufficiency may result in development of DOP. 18 clinical trials are identified to use TCM compound prescriptions for management of patients with DOP. TCM herbs and their active ingredients are effective in preventing the development of DOP in streptozotocin (STZ) and alloxan as well as STZ combined with ovariectomy insulted rats. Among them, most frequently used TCM herbs in clinical trials are Radix Astragali, Radix et Rhizoma Salviae Miltiorrhizae, Radix Rehmanniae Preparata, and Herba Epimedii. Some of TCM herbs also exhibit toxicities in clinical and preclinical research. Conclusions. TCM herbs may act as the novel sources of anti-DOP drugs by improving bone and glucolipid metabolisms. However, the pathogenesis of DOP and the material base of TCM herbs still merit further study.
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Bai Y, Zang X, Ma J, Xu G. Anti-Diabetic Effect of Portulaca oleracea L. Polysaccharideandits Mechanism in Diabetic Rats. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17081201. [PMID: 27463713 PMCID: PMC5000599 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17081201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2016] [Revised: 06/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a metabolic syndrome caused by multiple genetic and environmental factors. Traditional Chinese medicine preparations have shown a comprehensive and function-regulating characteristic. Purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.) is an annual succulent herb. Currently, there have been some related reports on the treatment of diabetes with purslane. The current study was designed to separate and purify the polysaccharide, a systematic study of its physical and chemical properties, antioxidant activity, and anti-diabetic mechanism, in order to provide a theoretical basis for the development of drugs of purslane. A crude water soluble polysaccharide extracted from purslane was named CPOP (crude Portulaca oleracea L. polysaccharide). Effects of CPOP on bodyweight, glucose tolerance test (GTT), fasting blood glucose (FBG), fasting serum insulin (FINS), insulin sensitivity index (ISI), interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), and superoxygen dehydrogenises (SOD) were investigated. The results indicate that the oral administration of CPOP could significantly increase the body weight and significantly improve the glucose tolerance in diabetic rats. Meanwhile, CPOP could significantly reduce the FBG level, and elevate the FINS level and ISI value in diabetic rats. In addition, CPOP could significantly reduce TNF-α and IL-6 levels in diabetic rats; CPOP could also reduce MDA and SOD activities in the liver tissue of diabetic rats. These results suggest that the anti-diabetic effect of CPOP may be associated with its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Bai
- Pharmaceutical College, Jilin Medical University, Jilin 132011, China.
| | - Xueli Zang
- Department of Pharmacy, Changchun Medical College, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Jinshu Ma
- Department of Pathology, China-Japan Union Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130033, China.
| | - Guangyu Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Beihua University, Jilin 132013, China.
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Yang Z, Wang L, Zhang F, Li Z. Evaluating the antidiabetic effects of Chinese herbal medicine: Xiao-Ke-An in 3T3-L1 cells and KKAy mice using both conventional and holistic omics approaches. BMC COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 15:272. [PMID: 26268726 PMCID: PMC4534019 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-015-0785-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xiao-Ke-An (XKA) is a Chinese medicine widely used for treating type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). It is composed of eight herbal medicines traditionally used for T2D, including Rehmannia glutinosa Libosch, Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bunge, Coptis chinensis Franch, etc. The aim of the present study was to investigate the antidiabetic effects of XKA with both conventional and holistic omics approaches. METHODS The antidiabetic effect of XKA was first investigated in 3T3-L1 cells to study the effect of XKA on adipogenesis in vitro. Oil Red O staining was performed to determine the lipid accumulation. The intracellular total cholesterol (TC) and triglyceride (TG) contents in XKA treated 3T3-L1 cells were also evaluated. The therapeutic effects of XKA was further evaluated in KKAy mice with both conventional and holistic omics approaches. Body weight, fasting and non-fasting blood glucose, and oral glucose tolerance were measured during the experiment. At the time of sacrifice, serum was collected for the measurement of TG, TC, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c). The liver, kidney, spleen, pancreas, heart and adipose tissues were harvested and weighted. The liver was used for further microarray experiment. Omics approaches were adopted to evaluate the holistic rebalancing effect of XKA at molecular network level. RESULTS XKA significantly inhibited adipogenic differentiation, lowered the intracellular TC and TG contents in 3T3-L1 cells. XKA improved the glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism, ameliorated insulin resistance in KKAy mice. Furthermore, XKA also exhibited effective therapeutic effects by reversing the molecular T2D disease network from an unbalanced state. CONCLUSIONS This study investigated the antidiabetic effects of XKA with both conventional and holistic omics approaches, providing both phenotypic evidence and underlying action mechanisms for the clinical use of XKA treating T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhong Yang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Linli Wang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Feng Zhang
- Pharmaceutical Informatics Institute, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Zheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, 300193, China.
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Fangjiomics: revealing adaptive omics pharmacological mechanisms of the myriad combination therapies to achieve personalized medicine. Acta Pharmacol Sin 2015; 36:651-3. [PMID: 26036241 DOI: 10.1038/aps.2015.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
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