1
|
Pal R, Edward K, Ma L, Qiu S, Vargas G. Spectroscopic characterization of oral epithelial dysplasia and squamous cell carcinoma using multiphoton autofluorescence micro-spectroscopy. Lasers Surg Med 2017; 49:866-873. [PMID: 28677822 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Multiphoton autofluorescence microscopy (MPAM) has shown potential in identifying features that are directly related to tissue microstructural and biochemical changes throughout epithelial neoplasia. In this study, we evaluate the autofluorescence spectral characteristics of neoplastic epithelium in dysplasia and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) using multiphoton autofluorescence spectroscopy (MPAS) in an in vivo hamster model of oral neoplasia in order to identify unique signatures that could be used to delineate normal oral mucosa from neoplasia. MATERIALS/METHODS A 9,10-dimethyl-1,2-benzanthracene (DMBA) hamster model of oral precancer and OSCC was used for in vivo MPAM and MPAS. Multiphoton Imaging and spectroscopy were performed with 780 nm excitation while a bandpass emission 450-650 nm was used for MPAM. Autofluorescence spectra was collected in the spectral window of 400-650 nm. RESULTS MPAS with fluorescence excitation at 780 nm revealed an overall red shift of a primary blue-green peak (480-520 nm) that is attributed to NADH and FAD. In the case of oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and some high-grade dysplasia an additional prominent peak at 635 nm, attributed to PpIX was observed. The fluorescence intensity at 635 nm and an intensity ratio of the primary blue-green peak versus 635 nm peak, showed statistically significant difference between control and neoplastic tissue. DISCUSSION Neoplastic transformation in the epithelium is known to alter the intracellular homeostasis of important tissue metabolites such as NADH, FAD, and PpIX, which was observed by MPAS in their native environment. A combination of deep tissue microscopy owing to higher penetration depth of multiphoton excitation and depth resolved spectroscopy could prove to be invaluable in identification of cytologic as well as biomolecular spectral characteristic of oral epithelial neoplasia. Lasers Surg. Med. 49:866-873, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Pal
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555.,Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Kert Edward
- Department of Physics, University of the West Indies, UWI Mona, Kingston 7, Mona, Jamaica
| | - Liang Ma
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Suimin Qiu
- Department of Pathology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| | - Gracie Vargas
- Center for Biomedical Engineering, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555.,Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, The University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, Texas, 77555
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Low KP, Bhuvaneswari R, Thong PS, Bunte RM, Soo KC. Novel delivery of Chlorin e6 using anti-EGFR antibody tagged virosomes for fluorescence diagnosis of oral cancer in a hamster cheek pouch model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2016; 83:143-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 11/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/17/2015] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
3
|
Ebenezar J, Aruna PR, Ganesan S. Native fluorescence spectroscopic characterization of DMBA induced carcinogenesis in mice skin for the early detection of tissue transformation. Analyst 2015; 140:4170-81. [DOI: 10.1039/c4an00650j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The objective of the study is to characterize the endogenous porphyrin fluorescence in a dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA) induced mouse skin tumor model using native fluorescence emission and excitation spectroscopy.
Collapse
|
4
|
Šteffeková Z, Birková A, Bomba A, Mareková M. Early diagnosis of colorectal cancer in rats with DMH induced carcinogenesis by means of urine autofluorescence analysis. Photochem Photobiol 2014; 90:682-5. [PMID: 24918239 DOI: 10.1111/php.12240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Cancer is one of the most highlighted topics of current research. Early detection of this disease allows more effective therapy, hence higher chance of cure. Application of fluorescence spectral techniques into oncological diagnostic is one of the potential alternatives. Chemically induced carcinogenesis in rats is widely used model for exploration of various aspects of colorectal cancer. This study shows value of discriminate analysis of urine fluorescent fingerprint between healthy control group of rats and those with dimethylhydrazine induced early lesions of colorectal cancer. Using fluorescence spectroscopy, significant difference (P < 0.05) between both of group was achieved.
Collapse
|
5
|
Prabhu V, Rao SBS, Chandra S, Kumar P, Rao L, Guddattu V, Satyamoorthy K, Mahato KK. Spectroscopic and histological evaluation of wound healing progression following Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT). J Biophotonics 2012; 5:168-84. [PMID: 22174176 DOI: 10.1002/jbio.201100089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2011] [Revised: 11/23/2011] [Accepted: 11/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
The present study focuses on the evaluation of the effect of He-Ne laser on tissue regeneration by monitoring collagen synthesis in wound granulation tissues in Swiss albino mice using analysis of laser induced fluorescence (LIF) and light microscopy techniques. The spectral analyses of the wound granulation tissues have indicated a dose dependent increase in collagen levels during the post-wounding days. The histological examinations on the other hand have also shown a significant increase in collagen deposition along with the reduced edema, leukocytes, increased granulation tissue, and fibroblast number in the optimal laser dose treated group compared to the non-illuminated controls.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vijendra Prabhu
- Biophysics Unit, Manipal Life Sciences Centre, Manipal University, Manipal 576104, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
6
|
Sivabalan S, Vedeswari CP, Jayachandran S, Koteeswaran D, Pravda C, Aruna PR, Ganesan S. In vivo native fluorescence spectroscopy and nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide/flavin adenine dinucleotide reduction and oxidation states of oral submucous fibrosis for chemopreventive drug monitoring. J Biomed Opt 2010; 15:017010. [PMID: 20210484 DOI: 10.1117/1.3324771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Native fluorescence spectroscopy has shown potential to characterize and diagnose oral malignancy. We aim at extending the native fluorescence spectroscopy technique to characterize normal and oral submucous fibrosis (OSF) patients under pre- and post-treated conditions, and verify whether this method could also be considered in the monitoring of therapeutic prognosis noninvasively. In this study, 28 normal subjects and 28 clinically proven cases of OSF in the age group of 20 to 40 years are diagnosed using native fluorescence spectroscopy. The OSF patients are given dexamethasone sodium phosphate and hyaluronidase twice a week for 6 weeks, and the therapeutic response is monitored using fluorescence spectroscopy. The fluorescence emission spectra of normal and OSF cases of both pre- and post-treated conditions are recorded in the wavelength region of 350 to 600 nm at an excitation wavelength of 330 nm. The statistical significance is verified using discriminant analysis. The oxidation-reduction ratio of the tissue is also calculated using the fluorescence emission intensities of flavin adenine dinucleotide and nicotinamide adinine dinucleotide at 530 and 440 nm, respectively, and they are compared with conventional physical clinical examinations. This study suggests that native fluorescence spectroscopy could also be extended to OSF diagnosis and therapeutic prognosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shanmugam Sivabalan
- Anna University Chennai, Department of Physics, Division of Medical Physics and Lasers, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Abstract
The objective of this study was to assess the diagnostic potential of synchronous fluorescence (SF) spectroscopy (SFS) technique for the detection and characterization of normal and different malignancy stages of moderately differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (MDSCC), poorly differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (PDSCC) cervical tissues. SF spectra were measured from 45 biopsies from 30 patients in vitro. Characteristic, highly resolved peaks and significant spectral differences between normal and MDSCC, PDSCC cervical tissues were obtained. Nine potential ratios were calculated and used as input variables for a discriminant analysis across different groups. The potentiality of the SFS technique was estimated by two discriminant analyses. Discriminant analysis I performed across normal and abnormal (including MDSCC and PDSCC) cervical tissues classified as 100% both original and the cross-validated grouped cases. In discriminant analysis II performed across the three groups, normal, MDSCC and PDSCC, 100% of both original and the cross-validated grouped cases were correctly classified. Using the SFS technique, one can obtain all the key biochemical markers such as tryptophan, collagen, hemoglobin, reduced form of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and flavin adenine dinucleotide in a single scan and hence they can be targeted as tumor markers in the detection of normal from abnormal cervical tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeyasingh Ebenezar
- Division of Medical Physics & Lasers, Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
We instrumented a combined fluorescence spectroscopy and imaging system to characterize the single- and two-photon excited autofluorescence in epithelial tissue. Single-photon fluorescence (SPF) are compared with two-photon fluorescence (TPF) measured at the same location in epithelial tissue. It was found that the SPF and TPF signals excited at corresponding wavelengths are similar in nonkeratinized epithelium, but the SPF and TPF spectra in the keratinized epithelium and the stromal layer are significant different. Specifically, the comparison of SPF signals with TPF signals in keratinized epithelial and stromal layers shows that TPF spectral peaks always have about 15-nm redshift with respect to SPF signals, and the TPF spectra are broader than SPF spectra. The results were generally consistent with the SPF and TPF measurements of pure nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide, flavin adenine dinucleotide, keratin and collagen, the major fluorophores in epithelium and stroma, respectively. The double peak structure of TPF spectra measured from keratinized layer suggests that there may be an unknown fluorophore responsible for the spectral peak in the long wavelength region. Furthermore, the TPF signals excited in a wide range of wavelengths provide accurate information on epithelial structure, which is an important advantage of TPF over SPF spectroscopy in the application for the diagnosis of tissue pathology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zheng
- Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Department of Electronic and Computer Engineering, Kowloon, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
|
10
|
Kalaivani R, Masilamani V, Sivaji K, Elangovan M, Selvaraj V, Balamurugan S, Al-Salhi M. Fluorescence Spectra of Blood Components for Breast Cancer Diagnosis. Photomed Laser Surg 2008; 26:251-6. [DOI: 10.1089/pho.2007.2162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- R. Kalaivani
- Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | - V. Masilamani
- Department of Physics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Sivaji
- Department of Nuclear Physics, University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Chennai, India
| | | | - V. Selvaraj
- National Institute of Epidemiology, ICMR, Chennai, India
| | | | - M.S. Al-Salhi
- Department of Physics, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kurachi C, Fontana CR, Rosa LEB, Bagnato VS. Fluorescence spectroscopy for the detection of tongue carcinoma--validation in an animal model. J Biomed Opt 2008; 13:034018. [PMID: 18601563 DOI: 10.1117/1.2937214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The efficacy of fluorescence spectroscopy to detect squamous cell carcinoma is evaluated in an animal model following laser excitation at 442 and 532 nm. Lesions are chemically induced with a topical DMBA application at the left lateral tongue of Golden Syrian hamsters. The animals are investigated every 2 weeks after the 4th week of induction until a total of 26 weeks. The right lateral tongue of each animal is considered as a control site (normal contralateral tissue) and the induced lesions are analyzed as a set of points covering the entire clinically detectable area. Based on fluorescence spectral differences, four indices are determined to discriminate normal and carcinoma tissues, based on intraspectral analysis. The spectral data are also analyzed using a multivariate data analysis and the results are compared with histology as the diagnostic gold standard. The best result achieved is for blue excitation using the KNN (K-nearest neighbor, a interspectral analysis) algorithm with a sensitivity of 95.7% and a specificity of 91.6%. These high indices indicate that fluorescence spectroscopy may constitute a fast noninvasive auxiliary tool for diagnostic of cancer within the oral cavity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Kurachi
- Universidade de Sao Paulo, Instituto de Fisica de Sao Carlos, Avenida Trabalhador Sancarlense, 400, Centro, 13566-250, Sao Carlos, Sao Paulo, Brazil.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Madhuri S, Vengadesan N, Aruna P, Koteeswaran D, Venkatesan P, Ganesan S. Native Fluorescence Spectroscopy of Blood Plasma in the Characterization of Oral Malignancy¶. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0780197nfsobp2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
13
|
Parmeswaran D, Pushpan SK, Srinivasan A, Kumar MR, Chandrashekar TK, Ganesan S. In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations on the Photodynamic Activity of Core-modified Expanded Porphyrin-Ammonium Salt of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(meso-p-sulfonato phenyl)-25,27,29-trithia Sapphyrin¶†. Photochem Photobiol 2007. [DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)0780487ivaivi2.0.co2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
|
14
|
de Veld DCG, Skurichina M, Witjes MJH, Duin RPW, Sterenborg DJCM, Star WM, Roodenburg JLN. Autofluorescence characteristics of healthy oral mucosa at different anatomical sites. Lasers Surg Med 2003; 32:367-76. [PMID: 12766959 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.10185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Autofluorescence spectroscopy is a promising tool for oral cancer detection. Its reliability might be improved by using a reference database of spectra from healthy mucosa. We investigated the influence of anatomical location on healthy mucosa autofluorescence. STUDY DESIGN/MATERIALS AND METHODS Spectra were recorded from 97 volunteers using seven excitation wavelengths (350-450 nm), 455-867 nm emission. We studied intensity and applied principal component analysis (PCA) with classification algorithms. Class overlap estimates were calculated. RESULTS We observed differences in fluorescence intensity between locations. These were significant but small compared to standard deviations (SD). Normalized spectra looked similar for locations, except for the dorsal side of the tongue (DST) and the vermilion border (VB). Porphyrin-like fluorescence was observed frequently, especially at DST. PCA and classification confirmed VB and DST to be spectrally distinct. The remaining locations showed large class overlaps. CONCLUSIONS No relevant systematic spectral differences have been observed between most locations, allowing the use of one large reference database. For DST and VB separate databases are required.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Diana C G de Veld
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University Hospital Groningen, Groningen, 9700 RB, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Madhuri S, Vengadesan N, Aruna P, Koteeswaran D, Venkatesan P, Ganesan S. Native fluorescence spectroscopy of blood plasma in the characterization of oral malignancy. Photochem Photobiol 2003; 78:197-204. [PMID: 12945589 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0197:nfsobp>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Native fluorescence characteristics of blood plasma were studied in the visible spectral region, at two different excitation wavelengths, 405 and 420 nm, to discriminate patients with different stages of oral malignancy from healthy subjects. The fluorescence spectra of blood plasma of oral malignant subjects exhibit characteristic spectral differences with respect to normal subjects. Different ratios were calculated using the fluorescence intensity values at those emission wavelengths that give characteristic spectral features of each group of experimental subjects studied. These fluorescence intensity ratios were used as input variables for a multiple linear discriminant analysis across different groups. Leave-one out cross-validation was used to check the reliability of each discriminant analysis performed. The discriminant analysis performed across normal and oral cancerous subjects classified 94.7% of the original grouped cases and 93.7% of the cross-validated grouped cases. A classification algorithm was developed on the basis of the score of the discriminant functions (discriminant score) resulted in the analyses. The diagnostic potentiality of the present technique was also estimated in the discrimination of malignant subjects from normal and nonmalignant diseased subjects such as liver diseases. In the discriminant analysis performed across the three groups, normal, oral malignancy (including early and advanced stages) and liver diseases, 99% of the original grouped cases and 95.9% of the cross-validated grouped cases were correctly classified. Similar analysis performed across normal, early stage of oral malignancy, advanced oral malignancy and liver diseases correctly classified 94.9% of the original grouped cases and 91.8% of the cross-validated grouped cases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Madhuri
- Division of Medical Physics and Lasers, Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, India
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Parmeswaran D, Pushpan SK, Srinivasan A, Ravi Kumar M, Chandrashekar TK, Ganesan S. In Vitro and In Vivo Investigations on the Photodynamic Activity of Core-modified Expanded Porphyrin—Ammonium Salt of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(meso-p-sulfonato phenyl)-25,27,29-trithia Sapphyrin¶†. Photochem Photobiol 2003; 78:487-95. [PMID: 14653581 DOI: 10.1562/0031-8655(2003)078<0487:ivaivi>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The core modification of expanded porphyrins has been proved to have better photochemical properties, which are favorable for photodynamic therapy (PDT) applications. In this context, this study was aimed to investigate the in vitro and in vivo photodynamic activity of one such core-modified expanded porphyrin, namely, ammonium salt of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(meso-p-sulfonato phenyl)-25,27,29-trithia sapphyrin. For the in vitro studies, human erythrocytes were used as a membrane semimodel system to investigate the partitioning ability and drug-uptake characteristics. The partition studies on the membrane semimodel system revealed that maximum partitioning occurs at 12 microgm/mL concentration, and from the drug-uptake studies it is observed that maximum amount of the sensitizer is bound to the erythrocyte membranes during a 45 min incubation period. Photohemolysis studies at different concentrations of the sensitizer and exposure time showed maximum damage at 5 microgm/mL and 30 min exposure time. In vivo studies were performed on 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)nthracene-induced superficial squamous cell carcinoma on mouse skin. The sensitizer at a concentration of 2.5% in 2.0% dimethyl sulfoxide was applied topically on the tumor spot. After 1 h incubation the tumor spot was exposed to laser irradiation from Nd-YAG laser at its second harmonic wavelength of 532 nm. The photodynamic efficacy was estimated by tumor volume measurements at regular intervals after the treatment. One month after PDT exposure a 3.9-fold decrease in the tumor volume was observed with respect to the tumor volume before treatment. The treatment efficacy was further confirmed by histological and fluorescence spectroscopic evaluations of the tissue biopsy sample from the treated area. The results of our study suggest that the ammonium salt of 5,10,15,20-tetrakis-(meso-p-sulfonato phenyl)-25,27,29-trithia sapphyrin may find possible applications in the new modality of cancer treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D Parmeswaran
- Division of Medical Physics and Lasers, Department of Physics, Anna University, Chennai, India.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Takeuchi S, Nakanishi H, Yoshida K, Yamamoto S, Tonoki H, Tsukamoto T, Fukushima S, Moriuchi T, Kurita K, Tatematsu M. Isolation of differentiated squamous and undifferentiated spindle carcinoma cell lines with differing metastatic potential from a 4-nitroquinoline N-Oxide-induced tongue carcinoma in a F344 rat. Jpn J Cancer Res 2000; 91:1211-21. [PMID: 11123419 PMCID: PMC5926306 DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2000.tb00907.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One differentiated squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) cell line (RSC3-E2) and two undifferentiated tumor cell lines (RSC3-LM and RSC3-E2R) with different metastatic potential were established from a 4-nitroquinoline N-oxide (4NQO)-induced differentiated SCC in F344 rat tongue. The RSC3-E2 subline was isolated from a parental cell line (RSC3-P) by single cell cloning in vitro, whereas the RSC3-LM subline was isolated from a lung metastatic focus after subcutaneous (s.c.) injection of RSC3-P cells. The RSC3-E2R cell line was isolated from a lung metastatic focus following s.c. injection of RSC3-E2 cells after X-irradiation in vitro. The RSC3-E2 cell line is keratin-positive and grows as a keratinizing tumor in nude mice, whereas RSC3-LM and RSC3-E2R cells are keratin-negative, vimentin-positive and form undifferentiated tumors. When s.c. injected into nude mice, the RSC3-E2 cell line proved to be non-metastatic, while the RSC3-LM cell line was metastatic by both hematogenous and lymphogenous routes, and the RSC3-E2R cell line was metastatic only hematogenously. In vitro relative growth rates and in vitro invasion activity of these cell lines were in the order RSC3-LM > RSC3-E2R > RSC3-E2. Chromosome analysis revealed two peaks with modal chromosome numbers of 83 and 78 for RSC3-P cells and single peaks at 83, 78 and 56 for RSC3-LM, RSC3-E2 and RSC3-E2R cell lines, respectively. Common structural abnormalities on chromosome 11 were shared by all cell lines. Mutation analysis of the p53 gene using a yeast functional assay demonstrated RSC3-LM cell line to have a point mutation at codon 269, whereas RSC3-E2 and RSC3-E2R had double mutations at codons 106 and 170 on each allele. These results suggest that the two undifferentiated RSC3-LM and RSC3-E2R tumor cell lines with different metastatic potential were generated from differentiated SCC cells via different genetic pathways as a consequence of tumor progression in vivo and in vitro, respectively. These cell lines should provide a useful model for understanding mechanisms of hematogenous and lymphogenous metastasis, as well as tumor progression of oral SCCs.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- 4-Nitroquinoline-1-oxide/toxicity
- Animals
- Carcinogens/toxicity
- Carcinoma/chemically induced
- Carcinoma/genetics
- Carcinoma/pathology
- Carcinoma/secondary
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemically induced
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/genetics
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/secondary
- Clone Cells
- Karyotyping
- Lung Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Lung Neoplasms/genetics
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Lung Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymphatic Metastasis
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplasm Metastasis
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/genetics
- Neoplasms, Radiation-Induced/pathology
- Rats
- Rats, Inbred F344
- Tongue/drug effects
- Tongue/pathology
- Tongue Neoplasms/chemically induced
- Tongue Neoplasms/genetics
- Tongue Neoplasms/pathology
- Transplantation, Heterologous
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- X-Rays
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Takeuchi
- Laboratory of Pathology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya 464-8681, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Abstract
Fast and non-invasive, diagnostic techniques based on fluorescence spectroscopy have the potential to link the biochemical and morphologic properties of tissues to individual patient care. One of the most widely explored applications of fluorescence spectroscopy is the detection of endoscopically invisible, early neoplastic growth in epithelial tissue sites. Currently, there are no effective diagnostic techniques for these early tissue transformations. If fluorescence spectroscopy can be applied successfully as a diagnostic technique in this clinical context, it may increase the potential for curative treatment, and thus, reduce complications and health care costs. Steady-state, fluorescence measurements from small tissue regions as well as relatively large tissue fields have been performed. To a much lesser extent, time-resolved, fluorescence measurements have also been explored for tissue characterization. Furthermore, sources of both intrinsic (endogenous fluorophores) and extrinsic fluorescence (exogenous fluorophores) have been considered. The goal of the current report is to provide a comprehensive review on steady-state and time-resolved, fluorescence measurements of neoplastic and non-neoplastic, biologic systems of varying degrees of complexity. First, the principles and methodology of fluorescence spectroscopy are discussed. Next, the endogenous fluorescence properties of cells, frozen tissue sections and excised and intact bulk tissues are presented; fluorescence measurements from both animal and human tissue models are discussed. This is concluded with future perspectives.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N Ramanujam
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Abstract
An attempt has been made to evaluate the normal and cancer blood samples of 7,12-dimethylbenz(a)anthracene (DMBA)-induced mouse skin carcinoma by spectrofluorimetric method. Analysis of acetone extracts of plasma, erythrocyte and erythrocyte membrane showed an alteration around 630 nm when excited at 400 nm by cancer samples, compared to normal samples. The ratio of fluorescent intensity at 530 nm/630 nm was found to be decreased in erythrocyte and plasma and increased in erythrocyte membrane. These changes are not detectable in both hemolysates. It has been suggested that erythrocytes may be the carriers of fluorophors that accumulate in cancer tissue and may be useful in the diagnosis and treatment of malignancies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K Karthikeyan
- University of Madras, Guindy Campus, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Madras, India
| | | | | |
Collapse
|