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Hagi T, Vangveravong S, Takchi R, Gong Q, Goedegebuure SP, Tiriac H, Van Tine BA, Powell MA, Hawkins WG, Spitzer D. The novel drug candidate S2/IAPinh improves survival in models of pancreatic and ovarian cancer. Sci Rep 2024; 14:6373. [PMID: 38493257 PMCID: PMC10944456 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-56928-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Cancer selective apoptosis remains a therapeutic challenge and off-target toxicity has limited enthusiasm for this target clinically. Sigma-2 ligands (S2) have been shown to enhance the cancer selectivity of small molecule drug candidates by improving internalization. Here, we report the synthesis of a novel drug conjugate, which was created by linking a clinically underperforming SMAC mimetic (second mitochondria-derived activator of caspases; LCL161), an inhibitor (antagonist) of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPinh) with the sigma-2 ligand SW43, resulting in the new chemical entity S2/IAPinh. Drug potency was assessed via cell viability assays across several pancreatic and ovarian cancer cell lines in comparison with the individual components (S2 and IAPinh) as well as their equimolar mixtures (S2 + IAPinh) both in vitro and in preclinical models of pancreatic and ovarian cancer. Mechanistic studies of S2/IAPinh-mediated cell death were investigated in vitro and in vivo using syngeneic and xenograft mouse models of murine pancreatic and human ovarian cancer, respectively. S2/IAPinh demonstrated markedly improved pharmacological activity in cancer cell lines and primary organoid cultures when compared to the controls. In vivo testing demonstrated a marked reduction in tumor growth rates and increased survival rates when compared to the respective control groups. The predicted mechanism of action of S2/IAPinh was confirmed through assessment of apoptosis pathways and demonstrated strong target degradation (cellular inhibitor of apoptosis proteins-1 [cIAP-1]) and activation of caspases 3 and 8. Taken together, S2/IAPinh demonstrated efficacy in models of pancreatic and ovarian cancer, two challenging malignancies in need of novel treatment concepts. Our data support an in-depth investigation into utilizing S2/IAPinh for the treatment of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takaomi Hagi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Suwanna Vangveravong
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Rony Takchi
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - Qingqing Gong
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
| | - S Peter Goedegebuure
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Herve Tiriac
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Department of Surgery, Moores Cancer Center, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA, San Diego, USA
| | - Brian A Van Tine
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Medical Oncology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Matthew A Powell
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
- Division of Gynecologic Oncology, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - William G Hawkins
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Dirk Spitzer
- Department of Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
- Alvin J. Siteman Cancer Center, Barnes-Jewish Hospital, and Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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Wu Y, Wen X, Xia Y, Yu X, Lou Y. LncRNAs and regulated cell death in tumor cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1170336. [PMID: 37313458 PMCID: PMC10258353 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1170336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulated Cell Death (RCD) is a mode of cell death that occurs through drug or genetic intervention. The regulation of RCDs is one of the significant reasons for the long survival time of tumor cells and poor prognosis of patients. Long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) which are involved in the regulation of tumor biological processes, including RCDs occurring on tumor cells, are closely related to tumor progression. In this review, we describe the mechanisms of eight different RCDs which contain apoptosis, necroptosis, pyroptosis, NETosis, entosis, ferroptosis, autosis and cuproptosis. Meanwhile, their respective roles in the tumor are aggregated. In addition, we outline the literature that is related to the regulatory relationships between lncRNAs and RCDs in tumor cells, which is expected to provide new ideas for tumor diagnosis and treatment.
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Hojjatipour T, Sohani M, Maali A, Rostami S, Azad M. Aberrant DNA Methylation Status and mRNA Expression Level of SMG1 Gene in Chronic Myeloid Leukemia: A Case-Control Study. CELL JOURNAL 2022; 24. [PMID: 36527348 PMCID: PMC9790066 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2022.8526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED OObjective: Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is a myeloproliferative malignancy with different stages. Aberrant epigenetic modifications, such as DNA methylation, have been introduced as a signature for diverse cancers which also plays a crucial role in CML pathogenesis and development. Suppressor with morphogenetic effect on genitalia (SMG1) gene recently has been brought to the spotlight as a potent tumor suppressor gene that can be suppressed by tumors for further progress. The present study aims to investigate SMG1 status in CML patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this case-control study, peripheral blood from 30 patients with different phases of CML [new case (N)=10, complete molecular remission (CMR)=10, blastic phase (BP)=10] and 10 healthy subjects were collected. Methylation status and expression level of SMG1 gene promoter was assessed by methylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) and quantitative reverse-transcription PCR, respectively. RESULTS MSP results of SMG1 gene promotor in the new case group were methylated (60% methylated, 30% hemimethylated and 10% unmethylated). All CMR and control group patients were unmethylated in the SMG1 gene promoter. In the BP group, methylated SMG1 promoter was seen (50% of patients had a methylated status and 50% had hemimethylated status). In comparison with the healthy subjects, expression level of SMG1 in the new case group was decreased (P<0.01); in the CMR group and BP-CML groups, it was increased (P<0.05). No significant correlation between patients' hematological features and SMG1 methylation was seen. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated that aberrant methylation of SMG1 occurred in CML patients and it had a significant association with SMG1 expression. SMG1 gene promoter showed diverse methylated status and subsequent expression levels in different phases of CML. These findings suggested possible participation of SMG1 suppression in the CML pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tahereh Hojjatipour
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Students Research Center, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahsa Sohani
- Department of Hematology and Blood Transfusion, Students Research Center, School of Allied Medicine, Tehran University of Medical
Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amirhosein Maali
- Department of Immunology, Pasteur Institute of Iran, Tehran, Iran,Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Shahrbano Rostami
- Hematologic Malignancies Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran,P.O.Box: 3419915315Hematologic Malignancies Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIranP.O.Box: 1416634793Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesSchool of ParamedicineQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
Emails:,
| | - Mehdi Azad
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, School of Paramedicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran,P.O.Box: 3419915315Hematologic Malignancies Research CenterTehran University of Medical SciencesTehranIranP.O.Box: 1416634793Department of Medical Laboratory SciencesSchool of ParamedicineQazvin University of Medical SciencesQazvinIran
Emails:,
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A Review of the Current Impact of Inhibitors of Apoptosis Proteins and Their Repression in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071671. [PMID: 35406442 PMCID: PMC8996962 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family of proteins has emerged as a potential pharmacological target in cancer. Abnormal expression of IAPs can lead to dysregulated cell suicide, promoting the development of different pathologies. In several cancer types, members of this protein family are overexpressed while their natural antagonist (Smac) appears to be downregulated, contributing to the acquisition of resistance to traditional therapy. The development of compounds that mimic the action of Smac showed promise in the re-sensitization of the cell suicide defense mechanism in cancer cells, particularly in combination with other treatments. Interaction with other molecules, such as tumor necrosis factor-α, in the tumor microenvironment reveals a complex interplay between IAPs and cancer. Abstract The Inhibitor of Apoptosis (IAP) family possesses the ability to inhibit programmed cell death through different mechanisms; additionally, some of its members have emerged as important regulators of the immune response. Both direct and indirect activity on caspases or the modulation of survival pathways, such as nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), have been implicated in mediating its effects. As a result, abnormal expression of inhibitor apoptosis proteins (IAPs) can lead to dysregulated apoptosis promoting the development of different pathologies. In several cancer types IAPs are overexpressed, while their natural antagonist, the second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases (Smac), appears to be downregulated, potentially contributing to the acquisition of resistance to traditional therapy. Recently developed Smac mimetics counteract IAP activity and show promise in the re-sensitization to apoptosis in cancer cells. Given the modest impact of Smac mimetics when used as a monotherapy, pairing of these compounds with other treatment modalities is increasingly being explored. Modulation of molecules such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) present in the tumor microenvironment have been suggested to contribute to putative therapeutic efficacy of IAP inhibition, although published results do not show this consistently underlining the complex interaction between IAPs and cancer.
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Lan Y, Ng CT, Ong CN, Yu LE, Bay BH. Transcriptomic analysis identifies dysregulated genes and functional networks in human small airway epithelial cells exposed to ambient PM 2.5. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2021; 208:111702. [PMID: 33396033 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.111702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Accepted: 11/19/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Cellular models exhibiting human physiological features of pseudostratified columnar epithelia, provide a more realistic approach for elucidating detailed mechanisms underlying PM2.5-induced pulmonary toxicity. In this study, we characterized the barrier and mucociliary functions of differentiated human small airway epithelial cells (SAECs), cultured at the air-liquid interface (ALI). Due to the presence of mucociliary protection, particle internalization was reduced, with a concomitant decrease in cytotoxicity in differentiated S-ALI cells, as compared to conventional submerged SAEC cultures. After 24-hour exposure to PM2.5 surrogates, 117 up-regulated genes and 156 down-regulated genes were detected in S-ALI cells, through transcriptomic analysis using the Affymetrix Clariom™ S Human Array. Transcription-level changes in >60 signaling pathways, were revealed by functional annotation of the 273 differentially expressed genes, using the PANTHER Gene List Analysis. These pathways are involved in multiple cellular processes, that include inflammation and apoptosis. Exposure to urban PM2.5 led to complex responses in airway epithelia, including a net induction of downstream pro-inflammatory and pro-apoptotic responses. Collectively, this study highlights the importance of using the more advanced ALI model rather than the undifferentiated submerged model, to avoid over-assessment of inhaled particle toxicity in human. The results of our study also suggest that reduction of ambient PM2.5 concentrations would have a protective effect on respiratory health in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Lan
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore
| | - Cheng Teng Ng
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Choon Nam Ong
- NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117549, Singapore
| | - Liya E Yu
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117576, Singapore; NUS Environmental Research Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117411, Singapore
| | - Boon Huat Bay
- Department of Anatomy, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117597, Singapore.
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6
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Pflug KM, Sitcheran R. Targeting NF-κB-Inducing Kinase (NIK) in Immunity, Inflammation, and Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E8470. [PMID: 33187137 PMCID: PMC7696043 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228470] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2020] [Revised: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK), the essential upstream kinase, which regulates activation of the noncanonical NF-κB pathway, has important roles in regulating immunity and inflammation. In addition, NIK is vital for maintaining cellular health through its control of fundamental cellular processes, including differentiation, growth, and cell survival. As such aberrant expression or regulation of NIK is associated with several disease states. For example, loss of NIK leads to severe immune defects, while the overexpression of NIK is observed in inflammatory diseases, metabolic disorders, and the development and progression of cancer. This review discusses recent studies investigating the therapeutic potential of NIK inhibitors in various diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn M. Pflug
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77002, USA
| | - Raquel Sitcheran
- Interdisciplinary Program in Genetics, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA;
- Department of Molecular & Cellular Medicine, Texas A&M University Health Science Center, Bryan, TX 77002, USA
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Tan Y, Wu Q, Zhou F. Targeting acute myeloid leukemia stem cells: Current therapies in development and potential strategies with new dimensions. Crit Rev Oncol Hematol 2020; 152:102993. [PMID: 32502928 DOI: 10.1016/j.critrevonc.2020.102993] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Revised: 05/15/2020] [Accepted: 05/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High relapse rate of acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is still a crucial problem despite considerable advances in anti-cancer therapies. One crucial cause of relapse is the existence of leukemia stem cells (LSCs) with self-renewal ability, which contribute to repeated treatment resistance and recurrence. Treatments targeting LSCs, especially in combination with existing chemotherapy regimens or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation might help achieve a higher complete remission rate and improve overall survival. Many novel agents of different therapeutic strategies that aim to modulate LSCs self-renewal, proliferation, apoptosis, and differentiation are under investigation. In this review, we summarize the latest advances of different therapies in development based on the biological characteristics of LSCs, with particular attention on natural products, synthetic compounds, antibody therapies, and adoptive cell therapies that promote the LSC eradication. We also explore the causes of AML recurrence and proposed potential strategies with new dimensions for targeting LSCs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Tan
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiuji Wu
- Department of Radiation and Medical Oncology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China
| | - Fuling Zhou
- Department of Hematology, Zhongnan Hospital, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430071, People's Republic of China.
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Xu X, Kalac M, Markson M, Chan M, Brody JD, Bhagat G, Ang RL, Legarda D, Justus SJ, Liu F, Li Q, Xiong H, Ting AT. Reversal of CYLD phosphorylation as a novel therapeutic approach for adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL). Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:94. [PMID: 32024820 PMCID: PMC7002447 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2294-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 01/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Adult T-cell leukemia/lymphoma (ATLL) is a malignancy of mature T cells associated with chronic infection by human T-cell lymphotropic virus type-1 (HTLV-1). ATLL patients with aggressive subtypes have dismal outcomes. We demonstrate that ATLL cells co-opt an early checkpoint within the tumor necrosis factor receptor 1 (TNFR1) pathway, resulting in survival advantage. This early checkpoint revolves around an interaction between the deubiquitinase CYLD and its target RIPK1. The status of RIPK1 K63-ubiquitination determines cell fate by creating either a prosurvival signal (ubiquitinated RIPK1) or a death signal (deubiquitinated RIPK1). In primary ATLL samples and in cell line models, an increased baseline level of CYLD phosphorylation was observed. We therefore tested the hypothesis that this modification of CYLD, which has been reported to inhibit its deubiquitinating function, leads to increased RIPK1 ubiquitination and thus provides a prosurvival signal to ATLL cells. CYLD phosphorylation can be pharmacologically reversed by IKK inhibitors, specifically by TBK1/IKKε and IKKβ inhibitors (MRT67307 and TPCA). Both of the IKK sub-families can phosphorylate CYLD, and the combination of MRT67307 and TPCA have a marked effect in reducing CYLD phosphorylation and triggering cell death. ATLL cells overexpressing a kinase-inactive TBK1 (TBK1-K38A) demonstrate lower CYLD phosphorylation and subsequently reduced proliferation. IKK blockade reactivates CYLD, as evidenced by the reduction in RIPK1 ubiquitination, which leads to the association of RIPK1 with the death-inducing signaling complex (DISC) to trigger cell death. In the absence of CYLD, RIPK1 ubiquitination remains elevated following IKK blockade and it does not associate with the DISC. SMAC mimetics can similarly disrupt CYLD phosphorylation and lead to ATLL cell death through reduction of RIPK1 ubiquitination, which is CYLD dependent. These results identify CYLD as a crucial regulator of ATLL survival and point to its role as a potential novel target for pharmacologic modification in this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Xu
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Department of Geriatrics, Hematology & Oncology Ward, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Matko Kalac
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Michael Markson
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Mark Chan
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Joshua D Brody
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Govind Bhagat
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York Presbyterian Hospital, New York, NY, 10032, USA
| | - Rosalind L Ang
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Diana Legarda
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Scott J Justus
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, Hematology & Oncology Ward, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, GuangDong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Qingshan Li
- Department of Hematology, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, GuangDong, 510180, People's Republic of China
| | - Huabao Xiong
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA
| | - Adrian T Ting
- Precision Immunology Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, 10029, USA.
- Department of Immunology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Liu Z, Mar KB, Hanners NW, Perelman SS, Kanchwala M, Xing C, Schoggins JW, Alto NM. A NIK-SIX signalling axis controls inflammation by targeted silencing of non-canonical NF-κB. Nature 2019; 568:249-253. [PMID: 30894749 PMCID: PMC6812682 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-019-1041-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The non-canonical NF-κB signalling cascade is essential for lymphoid organogenesis, B cell maturation, osteoclast differentiation, and inflammation in mammals1,2; dysfunction of this system is associated with human diseases, including immunological disorders and cancer3-6. Although expression of NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK, also known as MAP3K14) is the rate-limiting step in non-canonical NF-κB pathway activation2,7, the mechanisms by which transcriptional responses are regulated remain largely unknown. Here we show that the sine oculis homeobox (SIX) homologue family transcription factors SIX1 and SIX2 are integral components of the non-canonical NF-κB signalling cascade. The developmentally silenced SIX proteins are reactivated in differentiated macrophages by NIK-mediated suppression of the ubiquitin proteasome pathway. Consequently, SIX1 and SIX2 target a subset of inflammatory gene promoters and directly inhibit the trans-activation function of the transcription factors RELA and RELB in a negative feedback circuit. In support of a physiologically pivotal role for SIX proteins in host immunity, a human SIX1 transgene suppressed inflammation and promoted the recovery of mice from endotoxic shock. In addition, SIX1 and SIX2 protected RAS/P53-driven non-small-cell lung carcinomas from inflammatory cell death induced by SMAC-mimetic chemotherapeutic agents (small-molecule activators of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway). Our findings identify a NIK-SIX signalling axis that fine-tunes inflammatory gene expression programs under both physiological and pathological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixu Liu
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Katrina B Mar
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Natasha W Hanners
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Sofya S Perelman
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Mohammed Kanchwala
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Chao Xing
- Eugene McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Bioinformatics, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
- Department of Population and Data Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - John W Schoggins
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Neal M Alto
- Department of Microbiology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA.
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10
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Valiño-Rivas L, Vaquero JJ, Sucunza D, Gutierrez S, Sanz AB, Fresno M, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. NIK as a Druggable Mediator of Tissue Injury. Trends Mol Med 2019; 25:341-360. [PMID: 30926358 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Revised: 02/07/2019] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
NF-κB-inducing kinase (NIK, MAP3K14) is best known as the apical kinase that triggers non-canonical NF-κB activation and by its role in the immune system. Recent data indicate a role for NIK expressed by non-lymphoid cells in cancer, kidney disease, liver injury, glucose homeostasis, osteosarcopenia, vascular calcification, hematopoiesis, and endothelial function. The spectrum of NIK-associated disease now ranges from immunodeficiency (when NIK is defective) to autoimmunity, cancer, sterile inflammation, fibrosis, and metabolic disease when NIK is overactive. The development of novel small-molecule NIK inhibitors has paved the way to test NIK targeting to treat disease in vivo, and may eventually lead to NIK targeting in the clinic. In addition, NIK activators are being explored for specific conditions such as myeloid leukemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Valiño-Rivas
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), and Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Juan José Vaquero
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcala and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - David Sucunza
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcala and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sara Gutierrez
- Departamento de Química Orgánica y Química Inorgánica, Universidad de Alcala and REDINREN, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana B Sanz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), and Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Fresno
- Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas de la UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Ortiz
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), and Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain; These authors contributed equally.
| | - Maria Dolores Sanchez-Niño
- Department of Nephrology and Hypertension, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (IIS) Fundación Jiménez Díaz, School of Medicine, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM), Red de Investigación Renal (REDINREN), and Fundación Renal Íñigo Álvarez de Toledo (FRIAT), Madrid, Spain; These authors contributed equally.
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11
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Beug ST, Cheung HH, Sanda T, St-Jean M, Beauregard CE, Mamady H, Baird SD, LaCasse EC, Korneluk RG. The transcription factor SP3 drives TNF-α expression in response to Smac mimetics. Sci Signal 2019; 12:12/566/eaat9563. [PMID: 30696705 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.aat9563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The controlled production and downstream signaling of the inflammatory cytokine tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) are important for immunity and its anticancer effects. Although chronic stimulation with TNF-α is detrimental to the health of the host in several autoimmune and inflammatory disorders, TNF-α-contrary to what its name implies-leads to cancer formation by promoting cell proliferation and survival. Smac mimetic compounds (SMCs), small-molecule antagonists of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins (IAPs), switch the TNF-α signal from promoting survival to promoting death in cancer cells. Using a genome-wide siRNA screen to identify factors required for SMC-to-TNF-α-mediated cancer cell death, we identified the transcription factor SP3 as a critical molecule in both basal and SMC-induced production of TNF-α by engaging the nuclear factor κB (NF-κB) transcriptional pathway. Moreover, the promotion of TNF-α expression by SP3 activity confers differential sensitivity of cancer versus normal cells to SMC treatment. The key role of SP3 in TNF-α production and signaling will help us further understand TNF-α biology and provide insight into mechanisms relevant to cancer and inflammatory disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shawn T Beug
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Herman H Cheung
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Tarun Sanda
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Martine St-Jean
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Caroline E Beauregard
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
| | - Hapsatou Mamady
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Stephen D Baird
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada
| | - Eric C LaCasse
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada.
| | - Robert G Korneluk
- Apoptosis Research Centre, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, 401 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8L1, Canada. .,Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada
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12
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Giampazolias E, Zunino B, Dhayade S, Bock F, Cloix C, Cao K, Roca A, Lopez J, Ichim G, Proïcs E, Rubio-Patiño C, Fort L, Yatim N, Woodham E, Orozco S, Taraborrelli L, Peltzer N, Lecis D, Machesky L, Walczak H, Albert ML, Milling S, Oberst A, Ricci JE, Ryan KM, Blyth K, Tait SW. Mitochondrial permeabilization engages NF-κB-dependent anti-tumour activity under caspase deficiency. Nat Cell Biol 2017; 19:1116-1129. [PMID: 28846096 PMCID: PMC5624512 DOI: 10.1038/ncb3596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Apoptosis represents a key anti-cancer therapeutic effector mechanism. During apoptosis, mitochondrial outer membrane permeabilization (MOMP) typically kills cells even in the absence of caspase activity. Caspase activity can also have a variety of unwanted consequences that include DNA damage. We therefore investigated whether MOMP-induced caspase-independent cell death (CICD) might be a better way to kill cancer cells. We find that cells undergoing CICD display potent pro-inflammatory effects relative to apoptosis. Underlying this, MOMP was found to stimulate NF-κB activity through the downregulation of inhibitor of apoptosis proteins. Strikingly, engagement of CICD displays potent anti-tumorigenic effects, often promoting complete tumour regression in a manner dependent on intact immunity. Our data demonstrate that by activating NF-κB, MOMP can exert additional signalling functions besides triggering cell death. Moreover, they support a rationale for engaging caspase-independent cell death in cell-killing anti-cancer therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evangelos Giampazolias
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, U.K
| | | | | | - Florian Bock
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, U.K
| | - Catherine Cloix
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, U.K
| | - Kai Cao
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, U.K
| | - Alba Roca
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, U.K
| | - Jonathan Lopez
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, U.K
| | - Gabriel Ichim
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, U.K
| | | | | | - Loic Fort
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute
| | - Nader Yatim
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
| | | | - Susana Orozco
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Program and Dept. of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 981, U.S.A
| | - Lucia Taraborrelli
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Nieves Peltzer
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Daniele Lecis
- Department of Experimental Oncology and Molecular Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori, Milan 20133, Italy
| | | | - Henning Walczak
- Centre for Cell Death, Cancer and Inflammation, UCL Cancer Institute, UCL, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Matthew L. Albert
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology, Department of Immunology, Institut Pasteur, 25 Rue du Docteur Roux, 75015 Paris, France
- Department of Cancer Immunology, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA way, South San Francisco, California 94080, USA
| | - Simon Milling
- Centre for Immunobiology, Institute for Infection, Immunity and Inflammation, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, U.K
| | - Andrew Oberst
- Molecular & Cellular Biology Program and Dept. of Immunology, University of Washington, 750 Republican St., Seattle, WA 981, U.S.A
| | | | | | | | - Stephen W.G. Tait
- Cancer Research UK Beatson Institute
- Institute of Cancer Sciences, University of Glasgow, Garscube Estate, Switchback Road, Glasgow, G61 1BD, U.K
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13
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Soo HC, Chung FFL, Lim KH, Yap VA, Bradshaw TD, Hii LW, Tan SH, See SJ, Tan YF, Leong CO, Mai CW. Cudraflavone C Induces Tumor-Specific Apoptosis in Colorectal Cancer Cells through Inhibition of the Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase (PI3K)-AKT Pathway. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0170551. [PMID: 28107519 PMCID: PMC5249192 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0170551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2016] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cudraflavone C (Cud C) is a naturally-occurring flavonol with reported anti-proliferative activities. However, the mechanisms by which Cud C induced cytotoxicity have yet to be fully elucidated. Here, we investigated the effects of Cud C on cell proliferation, caspase activation andapoptosis induction in colorectal cancer cells (CRC). We show that Cud C inhibits cell proliferation in KM12, Caco-2, HT29, HCC2998, HCT116 and SW48 CRC but not in the non-transformed colorectal epithelial cells, CCD CoN 841. Cud C induces tumor-selective apoptosis via mitochondrial depolarization and activation of the intrinsic caspase pathway. Gene expression profiling by microarray analyses revealed that tumor suppressor genes EGR1, HUWE1 and SMG1 were significantly up-regulated while oncogenes such as MYB1, CCNB1 and GPX2 were down-regulated following treatment with Cud C. Further analyses using Connectivity Map revealed that Cud C induced a gene signature highly similar to that of protein synthesis inhibitors and phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K)-AKT inhibitors, suggesting that Cud C might inhibit PI3K-AKT signaling. A luminescent cell free PI3K lipid kinase assay revealed that Cud C significantly inhibited p110β/p85α PI3K activity, followed by p120γ, p110δ/p85α, and p110α/p85α PI3K activities. The inhibition by Cud C on p110β/p85α PI3K activity was comparable to LY-294002, a known PI3K inhibitor. Cud C also inhibited phosphorylation of AKT independent of NFκB activity in CRC cells, while ectopic expression of myristoylated AKT completely abrogated the anti-proliferative effects, and apoptosis induced by Cud C in CRC. These findings demonstrate that Cud C induces tumor-selective cytotoxicity by targeting the PI3K-AKT pathway. These findings provide novel insights into the mechanism of action of Cud C, and indicate that Cud C further development of Cud C derivatives as potential therapeutic agents is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsien-Chuen Soo
- School of Medicine, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Felicia Fei-Lei Chung
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kuan-Hon Lim
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Veronica Alicia Yap
- School of Pharmacy, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, Semenyih, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Tracey D. Bradshaw
- School of Pharmacy, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, University Park, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Ling-Wei Hii
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Si-Hoey Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Sze-Jia See
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yuen-Fen Tan
- School of Postgraduate Studies, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chee-Onn Leong
- Center for Cancer and Stem Cell Research, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Chun-Wai Mai
- School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
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14
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Yang C, Wang H, Zhang B, Chen Y, Zhang Y, Sun X, Xiao G, Nan K, Ren H, Qin S. LCL161 increases paclitaxel-induced apoptosis by degrading cIAP1 and cIAP2 in NSCLC. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL & CLINICAL CANCER RESEARCH : CR 2016; 35:158. [PMID: 27737687 PMCID: PMC5062899 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-016-0435-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/21/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND LCL161, a novel Smac mimetic, is known to have anti-tumor activity and improve chemosensitivity in various cancers. However, the function and mechanisms of the combination of LCL161 and paclitaxel in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) remain unknown. METHODS Cellular inhibitor of apoptotic protein 1 and 2 (cIAP1&2) expression in NSCLC tissues and adjacent non-tumor tissues were assessed by immunohistochemistry. The correlations between cIAP1&2 expression and clinicopathological characteristics, prognosis were analyzed. Cell viability and apoptosis were measured by MTT assays and Flow cytometry. Western blot and co-immunoprecipitation assay were performed to measure the protein expression and interaction in NF-kB pathway. siRNA-mediated gene silencing and caspases activity assays were applied to demonstrate the role and mechanisms of cIAP1&2 and RIP1 in lung cancer cell apoptosis. Mouse xenograft NSCLC models were used in vivo to determine the therapeutic efficacy of LCL161 alone or in combination with paclitaxel. RESULTS The expression of cIAP1 and cIAP2 in Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) tumors was significantly higher than that in adjacent normal tissues. cIAP1 was highly expressed in patients with late TNM stage NSCLC and a poor prognosis. Positivity for both cIAP1 and cIAP2 was an independent prognostic factor that indicated a poorer prognosis in NSCLC patients. LCL161, an IAP inhibitor, cooperated with paclitaxel to reduce cell viability and induce apoptosis in NSCLC cells. Molecular studies revealed that paclitaxel increased TNFα expression, thereby leading to the recruitment of various factors and the formation of the TRADD-TRAF2-RIP1-cIAP complex. LCL161 degraded cIAP1&2 and released RIP1 from the complex. Subsequently, RIP1 was stabilized and bound to caspase-8 and FADD, thereby forming the caspase-8/RIP1/FADD complex, which activated caspase-8, caspase-3 and ultimately lead to apoptosis. In nude mouse xenograft experiments, the combination of LCL161 and paclitaxel degraded cIAP1,2, activated caspase-3 and inhibited tumor growth with few toxic effects. CONCLUSION Thus, LCL161 could be a useful agent for the treatment of NSCLC in combination with paclitaxel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Huangzhen Wang
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.,Department of Surgical Oncology, Baoji Central Hospital, Baoji, Shaanxi, 721008, China
| | - Boxiang Zhang
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yimeng Chen
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Yamin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Xin Sun
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Guodong Xiao
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Kejun Nan
- Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China
| | - Hong Ren
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
| | - Sida Qin
- Department Two of Thoracic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, Shaanxi, 710061, China.
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15
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Augeri DJ, Langenfeld E, Castle M, Gilleran JA, Langenfeld J. Inhibition of BMP and of TGFβ receptors downregulates expression of XIAP and TAK1 leading to lung cancer cell death. Mol Cancer 2016; 15:27. [PMID: 27048361 PMCID: PMC4822253 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-016-0511-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 03/23/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Bone morphogenetic proteins (BMP) are embryonic proteins that are part of the transforming growth factor (TGFβ) superfamily, which are aberrantly expressed in many carcinomas. Inhibition of BMP receptors with small molecule inhibitors decreases growth and induces death of lung cancer cells, which involves the downregulation of Id1 and Id3 by a Smad dependent mechanism. Developmentally, BMP and TGFβ signaling utilizes Smad-1/5 independent mechanisms to stabilize the expression of X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) and activate TGFβ activated kinase 1 (TAK1), which are known to be potent inhibitors of apoptosis. The role of BMP signaling in regulating XIAP and TAK1 in cancer cells is poorly understood. Furthermore, the interaction between the BMP and TGFβ signaling cascades in regulating the activation of TAK1 in cancer cells has not been elucidated. Methods Feedback regulation between the BMP and TGFβ signaling pathways and their regulation of XIAP, TAK1, and Id1 were examined in lung cancer cells utilizing siRNA and inhibitors targeting BMP type I receptors, inhibitors of BMP and TGFβ type I receptors, and an inhibitor of BMP and TGFβ type I and type II receptors. Results We show that upon inhibition of BMP signaling in lung cancer cells, the TGFβ signaling cascade is activated. Both the BMP and TGFβ pathways activate TAK1, which then increases the expression of Id1. Inhibition of TGFβ signaling increased Id1 expression except when BMP signaling is suppressed, which then causes a dose-related decrease in the expression of Id1. Inhibition of both BMP and TGFβ signaling enhances the downregulation of TAK1. Our data also suggests that the blockade of the BMP type II receptor enhances the downregulation XIAP, which is important in decreasing the activity of TAK1. Knockdown studies demonstrate that both XIAP and TAK1 regulate the survival of lung cancer cells. Conclusions This paper highlights that targeting the BMP and TGFβ type I and type II receptors causes a downregulation of XIAP, TAK1, and Id1 leading to cell death of lung cancer cells. Small molecule inhibitors targeting the BMP and TGFβ receptors represents a potential novel means to treat cancer patients. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12943-016-0511-9) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dave J Augeri
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Elaine Langenfeld
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, MEB 536, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, P.O. Box 19, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903-0019, USA
| | - Monica Castle
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, MEB 536, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, P.O. Box 19, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903-0019, USA
| | - John A Gilleran
- Rutgers Translational Sciences, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - John Langenfeld
- Division of Surgical Oncology, Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, MEB 536, One Robert Wood Johnson Place, P.O. Box 19, New Brunswick, NJ, 08903-0019, USA.
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16
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Mak PY, Mak DH, Ruvolo V, Jacamo R, Kornblau SM, Kantarjian H, Andreeff M, Carter BZ. Apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain modulates second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases mimetic-induced cell death through BIRC2/MAP3K14 signalling in acute myeloid leukaemia. Br J Haematol 2014; 167:376-84. [PMID: 25079338 PMCID: PMC4357400 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Overexpression of the apoptosis repressor with caspase recruitment domain (ARC, also termed NOL3) protein predicts adverse outcome in patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and confers drug resistance to AML cells. The second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases (SMAC, also termed DIABLO) mimetic, birinapant, promotes extrinsic apoptosis in AML cells. SMAC mimetics induce cleavage of cellular inhibitor of apoptosis (cIAP) proteins, leading to stabilization of the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB)-inducing kinase (MAP3K14, also termed NIK) and activation of non-canonical NF-κB signalling. To enhance the therapeutic potential of SMAC mimetics in AML, we investigated the regulation and role of ARC in birinapant-induced apoptosis. We showed that birinapant increases ARC in AML and bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs). Downregulation of MAP3K14 by siRNA decreased ARC levels and suppressed birinapant-induced ARC increase. Reverse-phase protein array analysis of 511 samples from newly diagnosed AML patients showed that BIRC2 (also termed cIAP1) and ARC were inversely correlated. Knockdown of ARC sensitized, while overexpression attenuated, birinapant-induced apoptosis. Furthermore, ARC knockdown in MSCs sensitized co-cultured AML cells to birinapant-induced apoptosis. Our data demonstrate that ARC is regulated via BIRC2/MAP3K14 signalling and its overexpression in AML or MSCs can function as a resistant factor to birinapant-induced leukaemia cell death, suggesting that strategies to inhibit ARC will improve the therapeutic potential of SMAC mimetics.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/drug effects
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/genetics
- Apoptosis Regulatory Proteins/physiology
- Coculture Techniques
- Dipeptides/pharmacology
- Dipeptides/therapeutic use
- Drug Design
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm
- Gene Expression Regulation, Leukemic
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Indoles/therapeutic use
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/genetics
- Inhibitor of Apoptosis Proteins/physiology
- Intracellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins/physiology
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/blood
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/genetics
- Leukemia, Myeloid, Acute/pathology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology
- Mesenchymal Stem Cells/drug effects
- Middle Aged
- Mitochondrial Proteins/physiology
- Molecular Targeted Therapy
- Muscle Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Muscle Proteins/genetics
- Muscle Proteins/physiology
- NF-kappa B/metabolism
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/genetics
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases/physiology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Small Interfering/pharmacology
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/pharmacology
- Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases
- NF-kappaB-Inducing Kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Po Y Mak
- Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
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17
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Han LL, Nan HC, Tian T, Guo H, Hu TH, Wang WJ, Ma JQ, Jiang LL, Guo QQ, Yang CC, Kang XM, Liu Y, Gao Y, Liu QL, Nan KJ. Expression and significance of the novel tumor-suppressor gene SMG-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncol Rep 2014; 31:2569-78. [PMID: 24700316 DOI: 10.3892/or.2014.3125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent studies have demonstrated that SMG-1, a newly characterized member of the family of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related protein kinases (PIKKs), is involved in tumorigenesis as a new tumor suppressor. However, its expression and significance in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remain obscure. The present study investigated SMG-1 expression in HCC tissue specimens, aimed at defining the association with clinicopathological significance. Both immunohistochemistry and qRT-PCR were employed to analyze SMG-1 expression in 157 HCC and corresponding distant normal tissue specimens. The results revealed that expression of SMG-1 was significantly lower in the HCC tissue specimens than that in the distant normal tissues. Moreover, a lower expression level of SMG-1 was significantly correlated with serum α-fetoprotein level (P=0.001), poorly differentiated tumors (P=0.009) and more advanced TNM stage (P<0.001). Further study showed that SMG-1 expression was exactly associated with tumor differentiation and clinical stage in HCC. Kaplan-Meier analysis indicated that low SMG-1 expression was related to poor overall survival, and the prognostic impact of SMG-1 was further confirmed by stratified survival analysis. Importantly, multivariate analysis revealed that low SMG-1 expression was an independent prognostic marker for an unfavorable overall survival. We conclude that SMG-1 is downregulated in HCC and may represent a promising biomarker for predicting the prognosis of HCC, including the prognosis of early-stage patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Li Han
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hao-Cheng Nan
- Department of Surgical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Tao Tian
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Hui Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ting-Hua Hu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Wen-Juan Wang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Jie-Qun Ma
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Li-Li Jiang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qian-Qian Guo
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Cheng-Cheng Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Xiao-Min Kang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Ying Liu
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
| | - Qi-Lun Liu
- Department of Surgical Oncology, General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region 750004, P.R. China
| | - Ke-Jun Nan
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China
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Carter BZ, Mak PY, Mak DH, Shi Y, Qiu Y, Bogenberger JM, Mu H, Tibes R, Yao H, Coombes KR, Jacamo RO, McQueen T, Kornblau SM, Andreeff M. Synergistic targeting of AML stem/progenitor cells with IAP antagonist birinapant and demethylating agents. J Natl Cancer Inst 2014; 106:djt440. [PMID: 24526787 DOI: 10.1093/jnci/djt440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) therapy has limited long-term efficacy because patients frequently develop disease relapse because of the inability of standard chemotherapeutic agents to target AML stem/progenitor cells. Here, we identify deregulated apoptotic components in AML stem/progenitor cells and investigate the individual and combinatorial effects of the novel inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) protein antagonist and second mitochondrial-derived activator of caspases (SMAC) mimetic birinapant and demethylating epigenetic modulators. METHODS Protein expression was measured by reversed-phase protein array in AML patient (n = 511) and normal (n = 21) samples and by western blot in drug-treated cells. The antileukemic activity of birinapant and demethylating agents was assessed in vitro and in an in vivo AML mouse xenograft model (n = 10 mice per group). All statistical tests were two-sided. RESULTS Compared with bulk AML cells, CD34(+)38(-) AML stem/progenitors expressed increased cIAP1 and caspase-8 levels and decreased SMAC levels (one-way analysis of variance followed by Tukey's multiple comparison test, P < .001). Birinapant induced death receptor-/caspase-8-mediated apoptosis in AML cells, including in AML stem/progenitor cells, but not in normal CD34(+) cells. Demethylating agents modulated extrinsic apoptosis pathway components and, when combined with birinapant, were highly synergistic in vitro (combination index < 1), and also more effective in vivo (P < .001, by Student t test, for the median survival of birinapant plus 5-azacytadine vs birinapant alone or vs controls). CONCLUSIONS cIAP1, SMAC, and caspase-8 appear to play a role in AML stem cell survival, and synergistic targeting of these cells with birinapant and demethylating agents shows potential utility in leukemia therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Z Carter
- Affiliations of authors: Section of Molecular Hematology and Therapy, Department of Leukemia (BZC, PYM, DHM, YS, YQ, HM, ROJ, TM, SMK, MA) and Department of Bioinformatics and Computational Biology (HY, KRC), University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX; Division of Hematology and Oncology, Mayo Clinic, Scottsdale, AZ (JMB, RT)
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Poveda J, Tabara LC, Fernandez-Fernandez B, Martin-Cleary C, Sanz AB, Selgas R, Ortiz A, Sanchez-Niño MD. TWEAK/Fn14 and Non-Canonical NF-kappaB Signaling in Kidney Disease. Front Immunol 2013; 4:447. [PMID: 24339827 PMCID: PMC3857575 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasing. However, there is no effective therapy for AKI and current approaches only slow down, but do not prevent progression of CKD. TWEAK is a TNF superfamily cytokine. A solid base of preclinical data suggests a role of therapies targeting the TWEAK or its receptor Fn14 in AKI and CKD. In particular TWEAK/Fn14 targeting may preserve renal function and decrease cell death, inflammation, proteinuria, and fibrosis in mouse animal models. Furthermore there is clinical evidence for a role of TWEAK in human kidney injury including increased tissue and/or urinary levels of TWEAK and parenchymal renal cell expression of the receptor Fn14. In this regard, clinical trials of TWEAK targeting are ongoing in lupus nephritis. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) activation plays a key role in TWEAK-elicited inflammatory responses. Activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway is a critical difference between TWEAK and TNF. TWEAK activation of the non-canonical NF-κB pathways promotes inflammatory responses in tubular cells. However, there is an incomplete understanding of the role of non-canonical NF-κB activation in kidney disease and on its contribution to TWEAK actions in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonay Poveda
- Department of Nephrology, IIS-Fundacion Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid and IRSIN , Madrid , Spain
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Gubanova E, Issaeva N, Gokturk C, Djureinovic T, Helleday T. SMG-1 suppresses CDK2 and tumor growth by regulating both the p53 and Cdc25A signaling pathways. Cell Cycle 2013; 12:3770-80. [PMID: 24107632 DOI: 10.4161/cc.26660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The DNA damage response is coordinated by phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-related kinases, ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK. SMG-1 is the least studied stress-responsive member of this family. Here, we show that SMG-1 regulates the G 1/S checkpoint through both a p53-dependent, and a p53-independent pathway. We identify Cdc25A as a new SMG-1 substrate, and show that cells depleted of SMG-1 exhibit prolonged Cdc25A stability, failing to inactivate CDK2 in response to radiation. Given an increased tumor growth following depletion of SMG-1, our data demonstrate a novel role for SMG-1 in regulating Cdc25A and suppressing oncogenic CDK2 driven proliferation, confirming SMG-1 as a tumor suppressor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgenia Gubanova
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm, Sweden; Science for Life Laboratory; Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Natalia Issaeva
- Department of Surgery, Otolaryngology; Yale University; New Haven, CT USA; Cancer Center; Yale University, New Haven, CT USA
| | - Camilla Gokturk
- Science for Life Laboratory; Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Tatjana Djureinovic
- Department of Molecular Biosciences; The Wenner-Gren Institute; Stockholm University; Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Helleday
- Science for Life Laboratory; Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology; Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics; Karolinska Institute; Stockholm, Sweden
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Smg1 haploinsufficiency predisposes to tumor formation and inflammation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2012; 110:E285-94. [PMID: 23277562 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1215696110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
SMG1 is a member of the phosphoinositide kinase-like kinase family of proteins that includes ATM, ATR, and DNA-PK, proteins with known roles in DNA damage and cellular stress responses. SMG1 has a well-characterized role in nonsense-mediated decay as well as suggested roles in the DNA damage response, resistance to oxidative stress, regulation of hypoxic responses, and apoptosis. To understand the roles of SMG1 further, we generated a Genetrap Smg1 mouse model. Smg1 homozygous KO mice were early embryonic lethal, but Smg1 heterozygous mice showed a predisposition to a range of cancers, particularly lung and hematopoietic malignancies, as well as development of chronic inflammation. These mice did not display deficiencies in known roles of SMG1, including nonsense-mediated decay. However, they showed elevated basal tissue and serum cytokine levels, indicating low-level inflammation before the development of tumors. Smg1 heterozygous mice also showed evidence of oxidative damage in tissues. These data suggest that the inflammation observed in Smg1 haploinsufficiency contributes to susceptibility to cancer and that Smg1-deficient animals represent a model of inflammation-enhanced cancer development.
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Abstract
Since the initial description of apoptosis, a number of different forms of cell death have been described. In this review we will focus on classic caspase-dependent apoptosis and its variations that contribute to diseases. Over fifty years of research have clarified molecular mechanisms involved in apoptotic signaling as well and shown that alterations of these pathways lead to human diseases. Indeed both reduced and increased apoptosis can result in pathology. More recently these findings have led to the development of therapeutic approaches based on regulation of apoptosis, some of which are in clinical trials or have entered medical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartolo Favaloro
- Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Universita' "G. d'Annunzio" Chieti-Pescara, Italy
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Tucci P. Caloric restriction: is mammalian life extension linked to p53? Aging (Albany NY) 2012; 4:525-34. [PMID: 22983298 PMCID: PMC3461340 DOI: 10.18632/aging.100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 08/21/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Caloric restriction, that is limiting food intake, is recognized in mammals as the best characterized and most reproducible strategy for extending lifespan, retarding physiological aging and delaying the onset of age-associated diseases. The aim of this mini review is to argue that p53 is the connection in the abilities of both the Sirt-1 pathway and the TOR pathway to impact on longevity of cells and organisms. This novel, lifespan regulating function of p53 may be evolutionarily more ancient than its relatively recent role in apoptosis and tumour suppression, and is likely to provide many new insights into lifespan modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Tucci
- Medical Research Council, Toxicology Unit, Leicester University, Leicester LE1 9HN, UK.
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Bucur O, Stancu AL, Khosravi-Far R, Almasan A. Analysis of apoptosis methods recently used in Cancer Research and Cell Death & Disease publications. Cell Death Dis 2012; 3:e263. [PMID: 22297295 PMCID: PMC3288344 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2012.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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