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Cui Y, Miao Y, Cao L, Guo L, Cui Y, Yan C, Zeng Z, Xu M, Han T. Activation of melanocortin-1 receptor signaling in melanoma cells impairs T cell infiltration to dampen antitumor immunity. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5740. [PMID: 37714844 PMCID: PMC10504282 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41101-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibition of T cell infiltration dampens antitumor immunity and causes resistance to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) therapy. By in vivo CRISPR screening in B16F10 melanoma in female mice, here we report that loss of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC1R) in melanoma cells activates antitumor T cell response and overcomes resistance to ICB. Depletion of MC1R from another melanocytic melanoma model HCmel1274 also enhances ICB efficacy. By activating the GNAS-PKA axis, MC1R inhibits interferon-gamma induced CXCL9/10/11 transcription, thus impairing T cell infiltration into the tumor microenvironment. In human melanomas, high MC1R expression correlates with reduced CXCL9/10/11 expression, impaired T cell infiltration, and poor patient prognosis. Whereas MC1R activation is restricted to melanoma, GNAS activation by hotspot mutations is observed across diverse cancer types and is associated with reduced CXCL9/10/11 expression. Our study implicates MC1R as a melanoma immunotherapy target and suggests GNAS-PKA signaling as a pan-cancer oncogenic pathway inhibiting antitumor T cell response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yazhong Cui
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Yang Miao
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- PTN Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University, 100084, Beijing, China
| | - Longzhi Cao
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Lifang Guo
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, 100020, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Cui
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Beijing Normal University, 100875, Beijing, China
| | - Chuanzhe Yan
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
- PTN Joint Graduate Program, School of Life Sciences, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China
| | - Zhi Zeng
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, China
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China
| | - Mo Xu
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, China.
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 102206, Beijing, China.
| | - Ting Han
- Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, 100730, Beijing, China.
- National Institute of Biological Sciences, 102206, Beijing, China.
- Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical Research, Tsinghua University, 102206, Beijing, China.
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Chen P, Yang W, Nagaoka K, Huang GL, Miyazaki T, Hong T, Li S, Igarashi K, Takeda K, Kakimi K, Kataoka K, Cabral H. An IL-12-Based Nanocytokine Safely Potentiates Anticancer Immunity through Spatiotemporal Control of Inflammation to Eradicate Advanced Cold Tumors. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2205139. [PMID: 36739605 PMCID: PMC10074049 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Treatment of immunologically cold tumors is a major challenge for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs). Interleukin 12 (IL-12) can invigorate ICIs against cold tumors by establishing a robust antitumor immunity. However, its toxicity and systemic induction of counteracting immunosuppressive signals have hindered translation. Here, IL-12 activity is spatiotemporally controlled for safely boosting efficacy without the stimulation of interfering immune responses by generating a nanocytokine that remains inactive at physiological pH, but unleashes its full activity at acidic tumor pH. The IL-12-based nanocytokine (Nano-IL-12) accumulate and release IL-12 in tumor tissues, eliciting localized antitumoral inflammation, while preventing systemic immune response, counteractive immune reactions, and adverse toxicities even after repeated intravenous administration. The Nano-IL-12-mediated spatiotemporal control of inflammation prompt superior anticancer efficacy, and synergize with ICIs to profoundly inflame the tumor microenvironment and completely eradicate ICI-resistant primary and metastatic tumors. The strategy could be a promising approach toward safer and more effective immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengwen Chen
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Wenqian Yang
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Koji Nagaoka
- Department of ImmunotherapeuticsThe University of Tokyo Hospital7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8655Japan
| | - George Lo Huang
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Takuya Miyazaki
- Red Arrow Therapeutics, Inc.7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐0003Japan
- Kanagawa Institute of Industrial Science and Technology705‐1ShimoimaizumiEbina CityKanagawa243‐0435Japan
| | - Taehun Hong
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Shangwei Li
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
| | - Kazunori Igarashi
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck SurgeryGraduate School of Medicine and Faculty of MedicineThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐0033Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Takeda
- Department of Biofunctional MicrobiotaGraduate School of MedicineJuntendo University2‐1‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8421Japan
- Laboratory of Cell BiologyResearch Support CenterGraduate School of MedicineJuntendo University2‐1‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8421Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kakimi
- Department of ImmunotherapeuticsThe University of Tokyo Hospital7‐3‐1 Hongo, Bunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8655Japan
| | - Kazunori Kataoka
- Innovation Center of NanoMedicine (iCONM)Kawasaki Institute of Industrial Promotion3‐25‐14 Tonomachi, Kawasaki‐kuKawasaki210‐0821Japan
| | - Horacio Cabral
- Department of BioengineeringGraduate School of EngineeringThe University of Tokyo7‐3‐1 HongoBunkyo‐kuTokyo113‐8656Japan
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Efficient oral vaccination by bioengineering virus-like particles with protozoan surface proteins. Nat Commun 2019; 10:361. [PMID: 30664644 PMCID: PMC6341118 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08265-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal and free-living protozoa, such as Giardia lamblia, express a dense coat of variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs) on trophozoites that protects the parasite inside the host’s intestine. Here we show that VSPs not only are resistant to proteolytic digestion and extreme pH and temperatures but also stimulate host innate immune responses in a TLR-4 dependent manner. We show that these properties can be exploited to both protect and adjuvant vaccine antigens for oral administration. Chimeric Virus-like Particles (VLPs) decorated with VSPs and expressing model surface antigens, such as influenza virus hemagglutinin (HA) and neuraminidase (NA), are protected from degradation and activate antigen presenting cells in vitro. Orally administered VSP-pseudotyped VLPs, but not plain VLPs, generate robust immune responses that protect mice from influenza infection and HA-expressing tumors. This versatile vaccine platform has the attributes to meet the ultimate challenge of generating safe, stable and efficient oral vaccines. Giardia lamblia express a dense coat of variant-specific surface proteins (VSPs) on trophozoites that protects the parasite inside the host´s intestine. Here the authors show that stability and immunomodulatory properties of VSPs can be exploited to both protect and adjuvant vaccine antigens for oral administration.
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4
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Fisher SA, Aston WJ, Chee J, Khong A, Cleaver AL, Solin JN, Ma S, Lesterhuis WJ, Dick I, Holt RA, Creaney J, Boon L, Robinson B, Lake RA. Transient Treg depletion enhances therapeutic anti-cancer vaccination. Immun Inflamm Dis 2017; 5:16-28. [PMID: 28250921 PMCID: PMC5322183 DOI: 10.1002/iid3.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 09/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Regulatory T cells (Treg) play an important role in suppressing anti- immunity and their depletion has been linked to improved outcomes. To better understand the role of Treg in limiting the efficacy of anti-cancer immunity, we used a Diphtheria toxin (DTX) transgenic mouse model to specifically target and deplete Treg. METHODS Tumor bearing BALB/c FoxP3.dtr transgenic mice were subjected to different treatment protocols, with or without Treg depletion and tumor growth and survival monitored. RESULTS DTX specifically depleted Treg in a transient, dose-dependent manner. Treg depletion correlated with delayed tumor growth, increased effector T cell (Teff) activation, and enhanced survival in a range of solid tumors. Tumor regression was dependent on Teffs as depletion of both CD4 and CD8 T cells completely abrogated any survival benefit. Severe morbidity following Treg depletion was only observed, when consecutive doses of DTX were given during peak CD8 T cell activation, demonstrating that Treg can be depleted on multiple occasions, but only when CD8 T cell activation has returned to base line levels. Finally, we show that even minimal Treg depletion is sufficient to significantly improve the efficacy of tumor-peptide vaccination. CONCLUSIONS BALB/c.FoxP3.dtr mice are an ideal model to investigate the full therapeutic potential of Treg depletion to boost anti-tumor immunity. DTX-mediated Treg depletion is transient, dose-dependent, and leads to strong anti-tumor immunity and complete tumor regression at high doses, while enhancing the efficacy of tumor-specific vaccination at low doses. Together this data highlight the importance of Treg manipulation as a useful strategy for enhancing current and future cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A. Fisher
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western Australia, QEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- National Research Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Wayne J. Aston
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western Australia, QEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- National Research Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jonathan Chee
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western Australia, QEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- National Research Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Andrea Khong
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western Australia, QEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- National Research Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Amanda L. Cleaver
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western Australia, QEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- National Research Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Jessica N. Solin
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western Australia, QEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- National Research Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Shaokang Ma
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western Australia, QEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- National Research Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - W. Joost Lesterhuis
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western Australia, QEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- National Research Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Ian Dick
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western Australia, QEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- National Research Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Robert A. Holt
- British Columbia Cancer AgencyVancouverBritish ColumbiaCanada
| | - Jenette Creaney
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western Australia, QEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- National Research Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | | | - Bruce Robinson
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western Australia, QEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- National Research Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
| | - Richard A. Lake
- School of Medicine and PharmacologyUniversity of Western Australia, QEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
- National Research Centre for Asbestos Related DiseasesQEII Medical CentreNedlandsWestern AustraliaAustralia
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5
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Courau T, Nehar-Belaid D, Florez L, Levacher B, Vazquez T, Brimaud F, Bellier B, Klatzmann D. TGF- β and VEGF cooperatively control the immunotolerant tumor environment and the efficacy of cancer immunotherapies. JCI Insight 2016; 1:e85974. [PMID: 27699271 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.85974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Tregs imprint an early immunotolerant tumor environment that prevents effective antitumor immune responses. Using transcriptomics of tumor tissues, we identified early upregulation of VEGF and TGF-β pathways compatible with tolerance imprinting. Silencing of VEGF or TGF-β in tumor cells induced early and pleiotropic modulation of immune-related transcriptome signatures in tumor tissues. These were surprisingly similar for both silenced tumors and related to common downstream effects on Tregs. Silencing of VEGF or TGF-β resulted in dramatically delayed tumor growth, associated with decreased Tregs and myeloid-derived suppressor cells and increased effector T cell activation in tumor infiltrates. Strikingly, co-silencing of TGF-β and VEGF led to a substantial spontaneous tumor eradication rate and the combination of their respective inhibitory drugs was synergistic. VEGF and/or TGF-β silencing also restored tumor sensitivity to tumor-specific cell therapies and markedly improved the efficacy of anti-PD-1/anti-CTLA-4 treatment. Thus, TGF-β and VEGF cooperatively control the tolerant environment of tumors and are targets for improved cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tristan Courau
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S 959, Paris, France
| | - Djamel Nehar-Belaid
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S 959, Paris, France
| | - Laura Florez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S 959, Paris, France
| | - Béatrice Levacher
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S 959, Paris, France
| | - Thomas Vazquez
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S 959, Paris, France
| | - Faustine Brimaud
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S 959, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Biotherapies, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapy and Inflamation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU I2B), F-75013, Paris, France
| | - Bertrand Bellier
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S 959, Paris, France
| | - David Klatzmann
- Sorbonne Universités, UPMC University of Paris, Paris, France.,INSERM UMR_S 959, Paris, France.,AP-HP, Groupe Hospitalier Pitié-Salpêtrière, Department of Biotherapies, Clinical Investigation Center in Biotherapy and Inflamation-Immunopathology-Biotherapy Department (DHU I2B), F-75013, Paris, France
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6
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Mezzapelle R, Rrapaj E, Gatti E, Ceriotti C, Marchis FD, Preti A, Spinelli AE, Perani L, Venturini M, Valtorta S, Moresco RM, Pecciarini L, Doglioni C, Frenquelli M, Crippa L, Recordati C, Scanziani E, de Vries H, Berns A, Frapolli R, Boldorini R, D'Incalci M, Bianchi ME, Crippa MP. Human malignant mesothelioma is recapitulated in immunocompetent BALB/c mice injected with murine AB cells. Sci Rep 2016; 6:22850. [PMID: 26961782 PMCID: PMC4785401 DOI: 10.1038/srep22850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2015] [Accepted: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Malignant Mesothelioma is a highly aggressive cancer, which is difficult to diagnose and treat. Here we describe the molecular, cellular and morphological characterization of a syngeneic system consisting of murine AB1, AB12 and AB22 mesothelioma cells injected in immunocompetent BALB/c mice, which allows the study of the interplay of tumor cells with the immune system. Murine mesothelioma cells, like human ones, respond to exogenous High Mobility Group Box 1 protein, a Damage-Associated Molecular Pattern that acts as a chemoattractant for leukocytes and as a proinflammatory mediator. The tumors derived from AB cells are morphologically and histologically similar to human MM tumors, and respond to treatments used for MM patients. Our system largely recapitulates human mesothelioma, and we advocate its use for the study of MM development and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosanna Mezzapelle
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Eltjona Rrapaj
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Elena Gatti
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Chiara Ceriotti
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Francesco De Marchis
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Antonello E Spinelli
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,Medical Physics Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Laura Perani
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo Venturini
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,Diagnostic Radiology Unit, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
| | - Silvia Valtorta
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,IBFM-CNR, Segrate, Italy
| | - Rosa Maria Moresco
- Experimental Imaging Center, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,Health Sciences Dept., Milano Bicocca University, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Claudio Doglioni
- Pathological Anatomy Laboratory, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
| | | | - Luca Crippa
- ISTOVET, Besana in Brianza, Monza e Brianza, Italy
| | | | - Eugenio Scanziani
- Fondazione Filarete, Milano, Italy.,Università degli Studi, Milano, Italy
| | - Hilda de Vries
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anton Berns
- Division of Molecular Genetics, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Renzo Boldorini
- Division of Pathology "Maggiore Della Carità" Hospital, Novara, Italy
| | | | - Marco E Bianchi
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy.,San Raffaele Vita-Salute University, Milano, Italy
| | - Massimo P Crippa
- Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Hospital, Milano, Italy
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7
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Sustained stimulation and expansion of Tregs by IL2 control autoimmunity without impairing immune responses to infection, vaccination and cancer. Clin Immunol 2014; 151:114-26. [PMID: 24576619 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2014.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Revised: 01/22/2014] [Accepted: 02/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 2 (IL2) is the key cytokine supporting survival and function of regulatory T cells (Tregs). We recently reported that low-dose IL2 safely expands/stimulates Tregs and improves autoimmune conditions in humans. Further development of IL2 in autoimmune diseases will require chronic IL2 administration, which could affect beneficial effector immune responses regulated by Tregs. We used recombinant adeno-associated viral vector (rAAV)-mediated gene transfer to continuously release IL2 in mice and assessed its long-term effects on immune responses. A single rAAV-IL2 injection enabled sustained stimulation and expansion of Tregs without inducing Teff activation and prevented diabetes in NOD mice. After several weeks of IL2 production, mice responded normally to a viral challenge and to vaccination, and had pregnancies with offspring that developed normally. They showed no change in the occurrence and growth of chemically-induced tumors. Altogether, chronic low-dose IL2 treatment does not affect beneficial effector immune responses at doses that prevent autoimmune diabetes.
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8
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Darrasse-Jèze G, Podsypanina K. How numbers, nature, and immune status of foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells shape the early immunological events in tumor development. Front Immunol 2013; 4:292. [PMID: 24133490 PMCID: PMC3784046 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2013.00292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The influence of CD4(+)CD25(+)Foxp3(+) regulatory T-cells (Tregs) on cancer progression has been demonstrated in a large number of preclinical models and confirmed in several types of malignancies. Neoplastic processes trigger an increase of Treg numbers in draining lymph nodes, spleen, blood, and tumors, leading to the suppression of anti-tumor responses. Treg-depletion before or early in tumor development may lead to complete tumor eradication and extends survival of mice and humans. However this strategy is ineffective in established tumors, highlighting the critical role of the early Treg-tumor encounters. In this review, after discussing old and new concepts of immunological tumor tolerance, we focus on the nature (thymus-derived vs. peripherally derived) and status (naïve or activated/memory) of the regulatory T-cells at tumor emergence. The recent discoveries in this field suggest that the activation status of Tregs and effector T-cells (Teffs) at the first encounter with the tumor are essential to shape the fate and speed of the immune response across a variety of tumor models. The relative timing of activation/recruitment of anti-tumor cells vs. tolerogenic cells at tumor emergence appears to be crucial in the identification of tumor cells as friend or foe, which has broad implications for the design of cancer immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Darrasse-Jèze
- Faculté de Médecine, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Université Paris Descartes , Paris , France ; Unité 1013, Institut National de la Santé et de le Recherche Médicale, Hôpital Necker , Paris , France ; Immunoregulation and Immunopathology Team, INEM , Paris , France
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9
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Chen T, Darrasse-Jèze G, Bergot AS, Courau T, Churlaud G, Valdivia K, Strominger JL, Ruocco MG, Chaouat G, Klatzmann D. Self-specific memory regulatory T cells protect embryos at implantation in mice. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2013; 191:2273-81. [PMID: 23913969 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1202413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Regulatory T cells (Tregs) play crucial roles in both fetal and tumor development. We recently showed that immunosurveillance by pre-existing CD44(high)CD62L(low) activated/memory Tregs (amTregs) specific for self-Ags protects emergent tumor cells in mice. This Treg response of a memory type is more rapid than and dominates the antitumor response of tumor-specific effector T cells. In this study, we report striking similarities between the early Treg responses to embryo and tumor implantation. Tregs are rapidly recruited to uterus-draining lymph nodes and activated in the first days after embryo implantation in both syngeneic and allogeneic matings; express the markers of the amTreg subset; and are at least in part self-Ag specific, as seen in tumor emergence. Unlike in the tumor emergence setting, however, for which preimmunization against tumor Ags is sufficient for complete tumor eradication even in the presence of Tregs, Treg depletion is additionally required for high frequencies of fetus loss after preimmunization against paternal tissue Ags. Thus, amTregs play a major role in protecting embryos in both naive and preimmune settings. This role and the ensuing therapeutic potential are further highlighted by showing that Treg stimulation, directly by low-dose IL-2 or indirectly by Fms-related tyrosine kinase 3 ligand, led to normal pregnancy rates in a spontaneous abortion-prone model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Chen
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, University Paris 06, F-75013 Paris, France
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10
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Gottrand G, Taleb K, Ragon I, Bergot AS, Goldstein JD, Marodon G. Intrathymic injection of lentiviral vector curtails the immune response in the periphery of normal mice. J Gene Med 2012; 14:90-9. [PMID: 22228582 DOI: 10.1002/jgm.1650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gene transfer in the thymus, based on HIV-derived lentiviral vectors, is a promising avenue for modulation of T cell selection and autoimmunity. However, the impact of intrathymic (IT) injections on an antigen-specific immune response elicited in the periphery of normal mice has not been investigated yet. METHODS Highly concentrated stocks of lentiviral vectors expressing the soluble form of hemaglutinin of the influenza virus (LvHA) were injected in the thymus of normal BALB/c mice. The CD4 and CD8-mediated immune responses to HA after peripheral immunization were measured by various parameters. RESULTS We first show that a lentiviral vector expressing the luciferase was detected for at least 2 months after IT-injections. We then show that the LvHA vector could elicit a functional CD4- and CD8-T cell-mediated immune responses in the peripheral lymphoid organs of BALB/c mice. IT-injection of the LvHA vector significantly curbed this response: lower numbers of transferred HA-specific CD4(+) T cells were found in LvHA-injected compared to control animals. Furthermore, lower frequencies of HA-specific CD8(+) T cells, interferon γ-producing cells and cytotoxic cells were detected from 3 weeks to 3 months in LvHA-injected mice compared to controls. However, these reduced CD8-mediated responses were not increased after depletion of CD25(+) cells in vitro or in vivo. CONCLUSIONS The results obtained in the present study show that injection of the LvHA lentiviral vector significantly curtailed the immune response to the same antigen in the periphery. Increased selection of HA-specific regulatory T cells and negative selection of HA-specific CD8(+) T cell precursors may explain the results. Our work establish the feasibility of IT-injections of lentiviral vectors to manipulate T cell tolerance in the thymus of normal mice, for basic and pre-clinical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëlle Gottrand
- Université Pierre et Marie Curie, UPMC University of Paris 06, Paris, France
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11
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Bergot AS, Kassianos A, Frazer IH, Mittal D. New Approaches to Immunotherapy for HPV Associated Cancers. Cancers (Basel) 2011; 3:3461-95. [PMID: 24212964 PMCID: PMC3759206 DOI: 10.3390/cancers3033461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 08/26/2011] [Accepted: 08/29/2011] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer of women worldwide and is the first cancer shown to be entirely induced by a virus, the human papillomavirus (HPV, major oncogenic genotypes HPV-16 and -18). Two recently developed prophylactic cervical cancer vaccines, using virus-like particles (VLP) technology, have the potential to prevent a large proportion of cervical cancer associated with HPV infection and to ensure long-term protection. However, prophylactic HPV vaccines do not have therapeutic effects against pre-existing HPV infections and do not prevent their progression to HPV-associated malignancy. In animal models, therapeutic vaccines for persisting HPV infection can eliminate transplantable tumors expressing HPV antigens, but are of limited efficacy in inducing rejection of skin grafts expressing the same antigens. In humans, clinical trials have reported successful immunotherapy of HPV lesions, providing hope and further interest. This review discusses possible new approaches to immunotherapy for HPV associated cancer, based on recent advances in our knowledge of the immunobiology of HPV infection, of epithelial immunology and of immunoregulation, with a brief overview on previous and current HPV vaccine clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Sophie Bergot
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.-S.B); (D.M.); Tel.: +61 (07) 3176 2769; Fax: +61 7 3176 5946
| | | | | | - Deepak Mittal
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mails: (A.-S.B); (D.M.); Tel.: +61 (07) 3176 2769; Fax: +61 7 3176 5946
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Abstract
Targeted nanoparticles have the potential to improve drug delivery efficiencies by more than two orders of magnitude, from the ~ 0.1% which is common today. Most pharmacologically agents on the market today are small drug molecules, which diffuse across the body’s blood-tissue barriers and distribute not only into the lesion, but into almost all organs. Drug actions in the non-lesion organs are an inescapable part of the drug delivery principle, causing “side-effects” which limit the maximally tolerable doses and result in inadequate therapy of many lesions. Nanoparticles only cross barriers by design, so side-effects are not built into their mode of operation. Delivery rates of almost 90% have been reported. This review examines the significance of these statements and checks how far they need qualification. What type of targeting is required? Is a single targeting sufficient? What new types of clinical challenge, such as immunogenicity, might attend the use of targeted nanoparticles?
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