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Nasimuzzaman M, van der Loo JCM, Malik P. Production and Purification of Baculovirus for Gene Therapy Application. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 29683451 DOI: 10.3791/57019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Baculovirus has traditionally been used for the production of recombinant protein and vaccine. However, more recently, baculovirus is emerging as a promising vector for gene therapy application. Here, baculovirus is produced by transient transfection of the baculovirus plasmid DNA (bacmid) in an adherent culture of Sf9 cells. Baculovirus is subsequently expanded in Sf9 cells in a serum-free suspension culture until the desired volume is obtained. It is then purified from the culture supernatant using heparin affinity chromatography. Virus supernatant is loaded onto the heparin column which binds baculovirus particles in the supernatant due to the affinity of heparin for baculovirus envelop glycoprotein. The column is washed with a buffer to remove contaminants and baculovirus is eluted from the column with a high-salt buffer. The eluate is diluted to an isotonic salt concentration and baculovirus particles are further concentrated using ultracentrifugation. Using this method, baculovirus can be concentrated up to 500-fold with a 25% recovery of infectious particles. Although the protocol described here demonstrates the production and purification of the baculovirus from cultures up to 1 L, the method can be scaled-up in a closed-system suspension culture to produce a clinical-grade vector for gene therapy application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nasimuzzaman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine;
| | - Johannes C M van der Loo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine; Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine
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2
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Nasimuzzaman M, Lynn D, van der Loo JC, Malik P. Purification of baculovirus vectors using heparin affinity chromatography. MOLECULAR THERAPY-METHODS & CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT 2016; 3:16071. [PMID: 27933303 PMCID: PMC5142510 DOI: 10.1038/mtm.2016.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2016] [Revised: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 09/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Baculoviruses are commonly used for recombinant protein and vaccine production. Baculoviruses are nonpathogenic to vertebrates, have a large packaging capacity, display broad host and cell type tropism, infect both dividing and nondividing cells, and do not elicit strong immune or allergic responses in vivo. Hence, their use as gene delivery vehicles has become increasingly popular in recent years. Moreover, baculovirus vectors carrying mammalian regulatory elements can efficiently transduce and express transgenes in mammalian cells. Based on the finding that heparan sulfate, which is structurally similar to heparin, is an attachment receptor for baculovirus, we developed a novel scalable baculovirus purification method using heparin-affinity chromatography. Baculovirus supernatants were loaded onto a POROS heparin column, washed to remove unbound materials, and eluted with 1.5 mol/l NaCl, which yielded a recovery of purified baculovirus of 85%. After ultracentrifugation, baculovirus titers increased from 200- to 700-fold with overall yields of 26–29%. We further show that baculovirus particles were infectious, normal in morphology and size, despite high-salt elution and shear forces used during purification and concentration. Our chromatography-based purification method is scalable and, together with ultracentrifugation and/or tangential flow filtration, will be suitable for large-scale manufacturing of baculovirus stocks for protein and vaccine production and in gene therapy applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Nasimuzzaman
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Danielle Lynn
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Johannes Cm van der Loo
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
| | - Punam Malik
- Division of Experimental Hematology and Cancer Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA; University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, Ohio, USA
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3
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Makkonen KE, Airenne K, Ylä-Herttulala S. Baculovirus-mediated gene delivery and RNAi applications. Viruses 2015; 7:2099-125. [PMID: 25912715 PMCID: PMC4411692 DOI: 10.3390/v7042099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2015] [Revised: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 04/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Baculoviruses are widely encountered in nature and a great deal of data is available about their safety and biology. Recently, these versatile, insect-specific viruses have demonstrated their usefulness in various biotechnological applications including protein production and gene transfer. Multiple in vitro and in vivo studies exist and support their use as gene delivery vehicles in vertebrate cells. Recently, baculoviruses have also demonstrated high potential in RNAi applications in which several advantages of the virus make it a promising tool for RNA gene transfer with high safety and wide tropism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisa-Emilia Makkonen
- Virtanen Institute, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211 Finland.
| | - Kari Airenne
- Virtanen Institute, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211 Finland.
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttulala
- Virtanen Institute, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio 70211 Finland.
- Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
- Science Service Center, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio 70211, Finland.
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4
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Minai-Tehrani A, Chang SH, Park SB, Cho MH. The O‑glycosylation mutant osteopontin alters lung cancer cell growth and migration in vitro and in vivo. Int J Mol Med 2013; 32:1137-49. [PMID: 24008322 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2013.1483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/27/2013] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteopontin (OPN) is an acidic, glycosylated and phosphorylated protein that plays an essential role in determining the aggressiveness and oncogenic potential of several types of cancer, including lung cancer. The OPN function is highly dependent on post-translational modification (PTM) and regulation of the processes that involve OPN can be mediated through glycosylation. However, the connection between OPN function and its O-glycosylation in lung cancer cells has yet to be investigated. In the present study, this issue was addressed by studying the effects of wild-type (WT) OPN and a triple mutant (TM) of OPN, which was mutated at three O-glycosylation sites in lung cancer cells. It was shown that OPN WT rather than OPN TM induced the OPN‑mediated signaling pathway. The OPN WT expression enhanced cap-dependent protein translation, NF-κB activity and glucose uptake, whereas a reduction was observed in cells treated with OPN TM. The results clearly demonstrated that unlike OPN WT, OPN TM did not increase lung cancer cell growth and migration both in vitro and in a xenograft mouse model. Thus, results of the present study suggested that targeting OPN by introducing OPN TM may be a good strategy for treating lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arash Minai-Tehrani
- Laboratory of Toxicology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul 151‑742, Japan
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5
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Airenne KJ, Hu YC, Kost TA, Smith RH, Kotin RM, Ono C, Matsuura Y, Wang S, Ylä-Herttuala S. Baculovirus: an insect-derived vector for diverse gene transfer applications. Mol Ther 2013; 21:739-49. [PMID: 23439502 PMCID: PMC3616530 DOI: 10.1038/mt.2012.286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 134] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Insect-derived baculoviruses have emerged as versatile and safe workhorses of biotechnology. Baculovirus expression vectors (BEVs) have been applied widely for crop and forest protection, as well as safe tools for recombinant protein production in insect cells. However, BEVs ability to efficiently transduce noninsect cells is still relatively poorly recognized despite the fact that efficient baculovirus-mediated in vitro and ex vivo gene delivery into dormant and dividing vertebrate cells of diverse origin has been described convincingly by many authors. Preliminary proof of therapeutic potential has also been established in preclinical studies. This review summarizes the advantages and current status of baculovirus-mediated gene delivery. Stem cell transduction, preclinical animal studies, tissue engineering, vaccination, cancer gene therapy, viral vector production, and drug discovery are covered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari J Airenne
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Yu-Chen Hu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan
| | - Thomas A Kost
- Biological Reagents and Assay Development, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Richard H Smith
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Robert M Kotin
- Molecular Virology and Gene Therapy Laboratory, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Chikako Ono
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Yoshiharu Matsuura
- Department of Molecular Virology, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, Osaka University, Suita, Japan
| | - Shu Wang
- Institute of Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Seppo Ylä-Herttuala
- Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, A.I. Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Research Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Gene Therapy Unit, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
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6
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Paul A, Shao W, Abbasi S, Shum-Tim D, Prakash S. PAMAM Dendrimer-Baculovirus Nanocomplex for Microencapsulated Adipose Stem Cell-Gene Therapy: In Vitro and in Vivo Functional Assessment. Mol Pharm 2012; 9:2479-88. [DOI: 10.1021/mp3000502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arghya Paul
- Biomedical Technology and Cell
Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Faculty of Medicine, McGill University,
3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Wei Shao
- Biomedical Technology and Cell
Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Faculty of Medicine, McGill University,
3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Sana Abbasi
- Biomedical Technology and Cell
Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Faculty of Medicine, McGill University,
3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
| | - Dominique Shum-Tim
- Divisions of Cardiac Surgery
and Surgical Research, McGill University Health Center, 687 Pine Avenue West, Suite S8.73, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 1A1, Canada
| | - Satya Prakash
- Biomedical Technology and Cell
Therapy Research Laboratory, Department of Biomedical Engineering,
Faculty of Medicine, McGill University,
3775 University Street, Montreal, Quebec, H3A 2B4, Canada
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7
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Suppression of tumor growth in xenograft model mice by small interfering RNA targeting osteopontin delivery using biocompatible poly(amino ester). Int J Pharm 2012; 431:197-203. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2012.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2011] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
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8
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Kaikkonen MU, Ylä-Herttuala S, Airenne KJ. How to avoid complement attack in baculovirus-mediated gene delivery. J Invertebr Pathol 2011; 107 Suppl:S71-9. [PMID: 21784233 DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2011.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2010] [Accepted: 01/03/2011] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Serum inactivation of baculovirus vectors is a significant barrier to the development of these highly efficient vectors for therapeutic gene delivery. In this review we will describe the efforts taken to avoid complement attack by passive or active measures. Evidently good targets for baculovirus-mediated gene delivery include immunoprivileged tissues, such as eye, brain and testis. Similarly baculovirus vectors have also proven their efficacy in an ex vivo setting for tissue engineering. Active measures to inhibit complement include the use of pharmacological inhibitors of complement as well as surface engineering of the baculoviral vectors through the use of synthetic polymers, pseudotyping or display of complement inhibitors. Lessons learned from these studies will significantly increase the possibility of using baculovirus vectors for therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minna U Kaikkonen
- AI Virtanen Institute, Department of Biotechnology and Molecular Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, PO Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
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9
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Merline R, Moreth K, Beckmann J, Nastase MV, Zeng-Brouwers J, Tralhão JG, Lemarchand P, Pfeilschifter J, Schaefer RM, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. Signaling by the matrix proteoglycan decorin controls inflammation and cancer through PDCD4 and MicroRNA-21. Sci Signal 2011; 4:ra75. [PMID: 22087031 PMCID: PMC5029092 DOI: 10.1126/scisignal.2001868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 251] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The mechanisms linking immune responses and inflammation with tumor development are not well understood. Here, we show that the soluble form of the extracellular matrix proteoglycan decorin controls inflammation and tumor growth through PDCD4 (programmed cell death 4) and miR-21 (microRNA-21) by two mechanisms. First, decorin acted as an endogenous ligand of Toll-like receptors 2 and 4 and stimulated production of proinflammatory molecules, including PDCD4, in macrophages. Second, decorin prevented translational repression of PDCD4 by decreasing the activity of transforming growth factor-β1 and the abundance of oncogenic miR-21, a translational inhibitor of PDCD4. Moreover, increased PDCD4 abundance led to decreased release of the anti-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-10, thereby making the cytokine profile more proinflammatory. This pathway operates in both pathogen-mediated and sterile inflammation, as shown here for sepsis and growth retardation of established tumor xenografts, respectively. Decorin was an early response gene evoked by septic inflammation, and protein concentrations of decorin were increased in the plasma of septic patients and mice. In cancer, decorin reduced the abundance of anti-inflammatory molecules and increased that of proinflammatory molecules, thereby shifting the immune response to a proinflammatory state associated with reduced tumor growth. Thus, by stimulating proinflammatory PDCD4 and decreasing the abundance of miR-21, decorin signaling boosts inflammatory activity in sepsis and suppresses tumor growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosetta Merline
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Kristin Moreth
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Janet Beckmann
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Madalina V. Nastase
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Jinyang Zeng-Brouwers
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - José Guilherme Tralhão
- Department of Surgery, Surgery 3, Coimbra University Hospital, 3000-075 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Patricia Lemarchand
- Inserm, UMR915, Université de Nantes, CHU de Nantes, l’Institut du thorax, 44000 Nantes, France
| | - Josef Pfeilschifter
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | - Roland M. Schaefer
- Department of Medicine D, University Hospital of Muenster, 48149 Muenster, Germany
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology, and the Cancer Cell Biology and Signaling Program, Kimmel Cancer Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107 USA
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Pharmazentrum Frankfurt, Institut für Allgemeine Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Klinikum der Goethe-Universität Frankfurt am Main, Theodor-Stern-Kai 7, 60590 Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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10
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Chen CY, Lin CY, Chen GY, Hu YC. Baculovirus as a gene delivery vector: recent understandings of molecular alterations in transduced cells and latest applications. Biotechnol Adv 2011; 29:618-31. [PMID: 21550393 PMCID: PMC7126054 DOI: 10.1016/j.biotechadv.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2011] [Revised: 04/15/2011] [Accepted: 04/15/2011] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Baculovirus infects insects in nature and is non-pathogenic to humans, but can transduce a broad range of mammalian and avian cells. Thanks to the biosafety, large cloning capacity, low cytotoxicity and non-replication nature in the transduced cells as well as the ease of manipulation and production, baculovirus has gained explosive popularity as a gene delivery vector for a wide variety of applications. This article extensively reviews the recent understandings of the molecular mechanisms pertinent to baculovirus entry and cellular responses, and covers the latest advances in the vector improvements and applications, with special emphasis on antiviral therapy, cancer therapy, regenerative medicine and vaccine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chi-Yuan Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
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