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Iwaya Y, Goda K, Kako S, Hattori H, Miyazawa T, Hara D, Hashigami K, Hirayama A, Okamura T, Nagaya T, Umemura T. Association between endoscopic evidence of bile reflux and Barrett's esophagus: A large-scale case-control study. Dig Liver Dis 2024; 56:622-627. [PMID: 38105146 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2023.11.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 11/02/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although bile reflux plays an important role in the development of Barrett's esophagus, the relationship between endoscopic findings of bile reflux and Barrett's esophagus remains unclear. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated whether endoscopic evidence of bile reflux was associated with the presence of Barrett's esophagus. METHODS A retrospective analysis of a prospectively maintained database comprising consecutive patients who underwent screening esophagogastroduodenoscopy was conducted. Endoscopic evidence of bile reflux was defined as the presence of bile-stained fluid in the gastric fundus. We performed multivariate analysis to identify predictive factors that differed significantly between patients with and without Barrett's esophagus. RESULTS Of 4021 patients, 922 (23%) had Barrett's esophagus, and 1000 (25%) showed endoscopic findings of bile reflux. Multivariate analysis revealed endoscopic evidence of bile reflux as the strongest independent factor associated with the presence of Barrett's esophagus (odds ratio [OR] 5.65, 95% confidence interval [CI] 4.71-6.76) in relation to the presence of hiatal hernia (OR 3.30, 95% CI 2.70-4.04) and male gender (OR 1.54, 95% CI 1.24-1.91). CONCLUSIONS Endoscopic evidence of bile reflux was independently associated with the presence of Barrett's esophagus. This finding might help identify patients at future risk of Barrett's esophagus who could benefit from increased endoscopy surveillance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yugo Iwaya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan.
| | - Kenichi Goda
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Dokkyo Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Satoko Kako
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Honoka Hattori
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takayuki Miyazawa
- Endoscopic Examination Center, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Daichi Hara
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Kenta Hashigami
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Atsuhiro Hirayama
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takuma Okamura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Tadanobu Nagaya
- Endoscopic Examination Center, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Japan
| | - Takeji Umemura
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan; Department of Advanced Therapeutic Endoscopy, Shinshu University School of Medicine, Matsumoto, Japan
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2
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Junhai Z, Suqi Z, Beiying D, Zongbiao T, Chuan L, Yanrui W, Weiguo D. Causal relationships between dietary habits and Barrett's esophagus risk: a univariable and multivariable Mendelian randomization study. Food Funct 2024; 15:2474-2484. [PMID: 38329234 DOI: 10.1039/d3fo05273g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Aims: Dietary habits are reported to be associated with Barrett's esophagus (BE) risk; however, whether there is a causal relationship remains controversial. Here, we systematically examined the causal effects of genetically predicted dietary habits on BE risk through a Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis approach. Methods: Data for exposures were obtained from the UK Biobank (UKB), while the summary-level data for outcomes were obtained from a large sample-size GWAS meta-analysis. Genetic variants associated with 17 ordinary dietary habits at the genome-wide significance level were regarded as instrumental variables (IVs). Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted to explore the causal relationships between dietary habits and BE risk. Sensitivity analyses were implemented to evaluate robustness of the results and determine the potential pleiotropy bias. Results: Univariable MR (UVMR) analysis showed that genetic predisposition to alcohol intake frequency, cooked vegetable intake, beef intake, bread intake, fresh fruit intake, salad/raw vegetable intake, and dried fruit intake were associated with BE risk, with all P values <0.05. After adjusting confounders, the effects of four dietary habits on BE risk persisted; multivariable MR (MVMR) analysis revealed that alcohol intake frequency (adjusted odds ratio (OR) = 1.74 (1.34, 2.27); P = 3.42 × 10-5) was causally associated with higher BE risk, the cooked vegetable intake (adjusted OR = 2.64 (1.16, 5.97); P = 0.02) had suggestively increased BE risk, while higher consumption of bread (adjusted OR = 0.54 (0.32-0.91); P = 0.02) and fresh fruit (adjusted OR = 0.34 (0.15, 0.77); P = 0.01) were suggestively associated with lower BE risk. Conclusions: These MR analyses demonstrate evidence of causal relationships between dietary habits and BE risk. These findings provide new insights into targeted dietary intervention strategies for BE prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Junhai
- Department of General Practice, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China
| | - Zeng Suqi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Deng Beiying
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Tan Zongbiao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Liu Chuan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Wu Yanrui
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
| | - Dong Weiguo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430060, Hubei Province, China.
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Montoro-Huguet MA. Dietary and Nutritional Support in Gastrointestinal Diseases of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract (I): Esophagus. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224819. [PMID: 36432505 PMCID: PMC9697263 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The esophagus is the centerpiece of the digestive system of individuals and plays an essential role in transporting swallowed nutrients to the stomach. Diseases of the esophagus can alter this mechanism either by causing anatomical damage that obstructs the lumen of the organ (e.g., peptic, or eosinophilic stricture) or by generating severe motility disorders that impair the progression of the alimentary bolus (e.g., severe dysphagia of neurological origin or achalasia). In all cases, nutrient assimilation may be compromised. In some cases (e.g., ingestion of corrosive agents), a hypercatabolic state is generated, which increases resting energy expenditure. This manuscript reviews current clinical guidelines on the dietary and nutritional management of esophageal disorders such as severe oropharyngeal dysphagia, achalasia, eosinophilic esophagitis, lesions by caustics, and gastroesophageal reflux disease and its complications (Barrett's esophagus and adenocarcinoma). The importance of nutritional support in improving outcomes is also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel A. Montoro-Huguet
- Unit of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, University Hospital San Jorge, 22005 Huesca, Spain;
- Department of Medicine, Psychiatry and Dermatology, University of Zaragoza, 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Health Research Institute (IIS Aragón), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
- Aragón Health Sciences Institute (IACS), 50009 Zaragoza, Spain
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4
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Polese B, Izzo L, Mancino N, Pesce M, Rurgo S, Tricarico MC, Lombardi S, De Conno B, Sarnelli G, Ritieni A. Effect of Dewaxed Coffee on Gastroesophageal Symptoms in Patients with GERD: A Randomized Pilot Study. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14122510. [PMID: 35745239 PMCID: PMC9231412 DOI: 10.3390/nu14122510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2022] [Revised: 06/15/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) is multifactorial pathogenesis characterized by the abnormal reflux of stomach contents into the esophagus. Symptoms are worse after the ingestion of certain foods, such as coffee. Hence, a randomized pilot study conducted on 40 Italian subjects was assessed to verify the effect of standard (SC) and dewaxed coffee (DC) consumption on gastroesophageal reflux symptoms and quality of life in patients with gastrointestinal diseases. The assessment of patient diaries highlighted a significant percentage reduction of symptoms frequency when consuming DC and a significant increase in both heartburn-free and regurgitation-free days. Consequentially, patients had a significant increase of antacid-free days during the DC assumption. Moreover, the polyphenolic profile of coffee pods was ascertained through UHPLC-Q-Orbitrap HRMS analysis. Chlorogenic acids (CGAs) were the most abundant investigated compounds with a concentration level ranging between 7.316 (DC) and 6.721 mg/g (SC). Apart from CGAs, caffeine was quantified at a concentration level of 5.691 mg/g and 11.091 for DC and SC, respectively. While still preliminary, data obtained from the present pilot study provide promising evidence for the efficacy of DC consumption in patients with GERD. Therefore, this treatment might represent a feasible way to make coffee more digestible and better tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Polese
- Digestive and Nutritional Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (N.M.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (B.D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Luana Izzo
- Food Lab, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.R.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-081-678116
| | - Nicola Mancino
- Digestive and Nutritional Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (N.M.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (B.D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Marcella Pesce
- Digestive and Nutritional Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (N.M.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (B.D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Sara Rurgo
- Digestive and Nutritional Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (N.M.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (B.D.C.); (G.S.)
| | | | - Sonia Lombardi
- Food Lab, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.R.)
| | - Barbara De Conno
- Digestive and Nutritional Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (N.M.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (B.D.C.); (G.S.)
| | - Giovanni Sarnelli
- Digestive and Nutritional Pathophysiology Unit, Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Pansini 5, 80131 Naples, Italy; (B.P.); (N.M.); (M.P.); (S.R.); (B.D.C.); (G.S.)
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alberto Ritieni
- Food Lab, Department of Pharmacy, University of Naples “Federico II”, Via Domenico Montesano 49, 80131 Naples, Italy; (S.L.); (A.R.)
- United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization Chair on Health Education and Sustainable Development, University of Naples “Federico II”, 80131 Naples, Italy
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5
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Chen Y, Chen C, Ouyang Z, Duan C, Liu J, Hou X, Bai T. Prevalence and beverage-related risk factors of gastroesophageal reflux disease: An original study in Chinese college freshmen, a systemic review and meta-analysis. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2022; 34:e14266. [PMID: 34585480 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.14266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Beverage-drinking behavior could be a potential risk factor for gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) in young populations. However, GERD prevalence in this population has not been investigated, and beverage consumption's association with GERD remains inconclusive. This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and beverage-related risk factors of GERD among Chinese college freshmen and in youth around the world. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in Chinese college freshmen in September 2019 using random cluster sampling method. Participants completed questionnaires on demographic information, food intake frequency, and GER symptoms. Multivariate logistic regression models were applied to assess the association between beverages and GERD. Studies were retrieved from multiple databases for systemic review. The prevalence of GERD in young populations and beverage-related risk factors were pooled using random-effect models. KEY RESULTS Based on the 3345 individuals who completed the questionnaires, GERD prevalence in Chinese college freshmen is 5.1%. Multivariate analysis showed students who drink green tea daily, and those who drink coffee regularly were more likely to develop GERD compared with those who never drink tea or coffee. The pooled prevalence of GERD in young populations is 18.0%, and frequent alcohol consumption is positively associated with GERD in general population. CONCLUSIONS AND INFERENCES The prevalence of GERD in Chinese college freshmen is significantly lower than that in worldwide youth populations. Alcohol, green tea, and coffee consumption could be potential risk factors for GERD. Future large-scale epidemiological studies are warranted for reliable identification of beverage-related risk factors for GERD in young populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Youli Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Can Chen
- Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhen Ouyang
- Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chaofan Duan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jinsong Liu
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaohua Hou
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Tao Bai
- Division of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
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Ivashynka A, Leone MA, Barizzone N, Cucovici A, Cantello R, Vecchio D, Zuccalà M, Pizzino A, Copetti M, D'Alfonso S, Fontana A. The impact of lifetime coffee and tea loads on Multiple Sclerosis severity. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 47:199-205. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2021.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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7
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Effects of Coffee on the Gastro-Intestinal Tract: A Narrative Review and Literature Update. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14020399. [PMID: 35057580 PMCID: PMC8778943 DOI: 10.3390/nu14020399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of the present research was to review the state of the art on the consequences of drinking coffee at the different levels of the gastrointestinal tract. At some steps of the digestive process, the effects of coffee consumption seem rather clear. This is the case for the stimulation of gastric acid secretion, the stimulation of biliary and pancreatic secretion, the reduction of gallstone risk, the stimulation of colic motility, and changes in the composition of gut microbiota. Other aspects are still controversial, such as the possibility for coffee to affect gastro-esophageal reflux, peptic ulcers, and intestinal inflammatory diseases. This review also includes a brief summary on the lack of association between coffee consumption and cancer of the different digestive organs, and points to the powerful protective effect of coffee against the risk of hepatocellular carcinoma. This review reports the available evidence on different topics and identifies the areas that would most benefit from additional studies.
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8
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Cucovici A, Ivashynka A, Fontana A, Russo S, Mazzini L, Mandrioli J, Lisnic V, Muresanu DF, Leone MA. Coffee and Tea Consumption Impact on Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis Progression: A Multicenter Cross-Sectional Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:637939. [PMID: 34393966 PMCID: PMC8356721 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.637939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/objectives: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a devastating and still untreatable motor neuron disease. The causes of ALS are unknown, but nutritional factors may impact the rate of disease progression. We aimed to ascertain the influence of coffee and tea consumption on ALS progression rate. Subjects/methods: In this multicenter cross-sectional study, we recruited 241 patients, 96 females, and 145 males; the mean age at onset was 59.9 ± 11.8 years. According to El Escorial criteria, 74 were definite ALS, 77 probable, 55 possible, and 35 suspected; 187 patients had spinal onset and 54 bulbar. Patients were categorized into three groups, according to their ΔFS (derived from ALS Functional Rating Scale-Revised score and disease duration from onset): slow (81), intermediate (80), and fast progressors (80). Results: Current coffee consumers were 179 (74.3%), 34 (14.1%) were non-consumers, and 22 (9.1%) were former consumers, whereas six (2.5%) consumed decaffeinated coffee only. The log-ΔFS was weakly correlated with the duration of coffee consumption (p = 0.034), but not with the number of cup-years, or the intensity of coffee consumption (cups/day). Current tea consumers were 101 (41.9%), 6 (2.5%) were former consumers, and 134 (55.6%) were non-consumers. Among current and former consumers, 27 (25.2%) consumed only green tea, 51 (47.7%) only black tea, and 29 (27.1%) both. The log-ΔFS was weakly correlated only with the consumption duration of black tea (p = 0.028) but not with the number of cup-years. Conclusions: Our study does not support the hypothesis that coffee or tea consumption is associated with the ALS progression rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aliona Cucovici
- Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences, University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy.,Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, "Diomid Gherman" Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Andrei Ivashynka
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy.,Department of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Piedmont, Novara, Italy.,Department of Rehabilitation and Functional Recovery, Istituti Clinici Scientifici (ICS) Maugeri, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Bari, Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Fontana
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Sergio Russo
- Innovation and Research Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
| | - Letizia Mazzini
- Department of Neurology, Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) Center, Maggiore della Carità Hospital, Università del Piemonte Orientale, Novara, Italy
| | - Jessica Mandrioli
- Department of Neurosciences, University Hospital of Modena, Modena, Italy
| | - Vitalie Lisnic
- Department of Neuromuscular Diseases, "Diomid Gherman" Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, Chisinau, Moldova.,Department of Neurology nr.1, "Nicolae Testemitanu" State University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Chisinau, Moldova
| | - Dafin Fior Muresanu
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, "Iuliu Hatieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Maurizio Angelo Leone
- Fondazione Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) Casa Sollievo della Sofferenza, San Giovanni Rotondo, Italy
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9
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Zhang M, Hou ZK, Huang ZB, Chen XL, Liu FB. Dietary and Lifestyle Factors Related to Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease: A Systematic Review. Ther Clin Risk Manag 2021; 17:305-323. [PMID: 33883899 PMCID: PMC8055252 DOI: 10.2147/tcrm.s296680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We performed this review to clarify which dietary and lifestyle factors are related to gastroesophageal reflux disease. Through a systematic search of the PubMed, EMBASE, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), and Chinese BioMedical Literature (CBM) databases, we identified articles with clear definitions of GERD, including nonerosive gastroesophageal reflux disease (NERD), reflux esophagitis (RE) and Barrett’s esophagus (BE), that included dietary and lifestyle factors as independent factors affecting the onset of GERD (expressed as odds ratios (ORs) or relative risks (RRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs)). Due to heterogeneity among the studies, we used descriptive statistical analyses to analyze and synthesize each outcome based on the disease type. In total, 72 articles were included, conducted in ten Western countries (26 articles in total) and nine Eastern countries (46 articles in total). We categorized dietary factors into 20 items and lifestyle factors into 11 items. GERD is related to many irregular dietary and lifestyle habits (such as a habit of midnight snacking: OR=5.08, 95% CI 4.03–6.4; skipping breakfast: OR=2.7, 95% CI 2.17–3.35; eating quickly: OR=4.06, 95% CI 3.11–5.29; eating very hot foods: OR=1.81, 95% CI 1.37–2.4; and eating beyond fullness: OR=2.85, 95% CI 2.18–3.73). Vegetarian diets (consumption of nonvegetarian food (no/yes); OR=0.34, 95% CI 0.211–0.545) and no intake of meat (OR=0.841, 95% CI 0.715–0.990) were negatively related to GERD, while meat (daily meat, fish, and egg intake: OR=1.088, 95% CI 1.042-1.135) and fat (high–fat diet: OR=7.568, 95% CI 4.557–8.908) consumption were positively related to GERD. An interval of less than three hours between dinner and bedtime (OR=7.45, 95% CI 3.38–16.4) was positively related to GERD, and proper physical exercise (physical exercise >30 minutes (>3 times/week): OR=0.7, 95% CI 0.6–0.9) was negatively correlated with GERD. Smoking (OR=1.19, 95% CI 1.12–1.264), alcohol consumption (OR=1.278, 95% CI 1.207–1.353) and mental state (poor mental state: OR=1.278, 95% CI 1.207–1.353) were positively correlated with GERD. RE (vitamin C: OR=0.46, 95% CI=0.24–0.90) and BE (vitamin C: OR=0.44,95% CI 0.2-0.98; vitamin E: OR=0.46, 95% CI 0.26–0.83) were generally negatively correlated with antioxidant intake. In conclusion, many dietary and lifestyle factors affect the onset of GERD, and these factors differ among regions and disease types. These findings need to be further confirmed in subsequent studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhang
- Graduate College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zheng-Kun Hou
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Zhi-Bang Huang
- Graduate College, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Xin-Lin Chen
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Health Statistics, College of Basic Medical Science, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Feng-Bin Liu
- Gastroenterology Department, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.,Baiyun Hospital of the First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
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10
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Effects of Coffee and Its Components on the Gastrointestinal Tract and the Brain-Gut Axis. Nutrients 2020; 13:nu13010088. [PMID: 33383958 PMCID: PMC7824117 DOI: 10.3390/nu13010088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Coffee is one of the most popular beverages consumed worldwide. Roasted coffee is a complex mixture of thousands of bioactive compounds, and some of them have numerous potential health-promoting properties that have been extensively studied in the cardiovascular and central nervous systems, with relatively much less attention given to other body systems, such as the gastrointestinal tract and its particular connection with the brain, known as the brain–gut axis. This narrative review provides an overview of the effect of coffee brew; its by-products; and its components on the gastrointestinal mucosa (mainly involved in permeability, secretion, and proliferation), the neural and non-neural components of the gut wall responsible for its motor function, and the brain–gut axis. Despite in vitro, in vivo, and epidemiological studies having shown that coffee may exert multiple effects on the digestive tract, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects on the mucosa, and pro-motility effects on the external muscle layers, much is still surprisingly unknown. Further studies are needed to understand the mechanisms of action of certain health-promoting properties of coffee on the gastrointestinal tract and to transfer this knowledge to the industry to develop functional foods to improve the gastrointestinal and brain–gut axis health.
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11
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Zhang P, Yao L, Chen M, Feng W. Prognostic factors affecting long-term outcomes in patients with brain metastasis from esophageal carcinoma. Chin J Cancer Res 2020; 32:768-777. [PMID: 33446999 PMCID: PMC7797235 DOI: 10.21147/j.issn.1000-9604.2020.06.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective The incidence of brain metastasis from esophageal cancer (BMEC) has increased in recent years. Thus, it is necessary to identify factors that affect long-term outcomes for such patients. Methods From January 1997 to July 2018, consecutive patients (10,043 patients, 31 with brain metastasis) with esophageal cancer (EC) treated at Zhejiang Cancer Hospital were recruited for retrospective analysis. Demographic, clinical, and pathological variables and the survival data were retrieved. Results The median time from diagnosis of EC to diagnosis of brain metastases was 7.67 (range, 0.43−55.20) months. The median survival time of BMEC patients from diagnosis of primary esophageal tumor was 16.7 (range, 2.33−163.30) months and the median survival time from the point of diagnosis of brain metastasis was 6.47 (range, 0.43−148.13) months. Univariate and multivariate analyses showed that the pathology type, EC without chemotherapy, and bone metastasis history were significantly associated with a shorter time interval between the first treatment of EC and brain metastasis. Chemotherapy history after brain metastasis, whole brain radiation therapy (WBRT) history, and surgery were significant predictors for better long-term survival outcomes. Conclusions Our findings indicate that the use of surgery, WBRT, and chemotherapy can achieve the best therapeutic effects for BMEC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zhang
- Department of Radiology Physics, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Lejing Yao
- Department of Radiology Physics, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Ming Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Wei Feng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Cancer Hospital of the University of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Zhejiang Cancer Hospital), Institute of Basic Medicine and Cancer (IBMC), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
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Chen YH, Yu HC, Lin KH, Lin HS, Hsu PI. Prevalence and risk factors for Barrett’s esophagus in Taiwan. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:3231-3241. [PMID: 31333314 PMCID: PMC6626729 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i25.3231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2019] [Revised: 02/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/02/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Barrett’s esophagus (BE) is a pre-malignant condition associated with the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The prevalence of BE in the general populations of Asian countries ranges from 0.06% to 1%. However, with lifestyle changes in Asian countries and adoption of western customs, the prevalence of BE might have increased.
AIM To determine the current prevalence of BE in Taiwan, and to investigate risk factors predicting the presence of BE.
METHODS This retrospective study was conducted at the Health Evaluation Center of Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital in Taiwan. Between January 2015 and December 2015, 3385 subjects undergoing routine esophagogastroduodenoscopy examinations as part of a health check-up at the Health Evaluation Center were included. Patient characteristics and endoscopic findings were carefully reviewed. Lesions with endoscopic findings consistent with BE awaiting histological evaluation were judged as endoscopically suspected esophageal metaplasia (ESEM). BE was defined based on extension of the columnar epithelium ≥ 1 cm above the gastroesophageal junction and was confirmed based on the presence of specialized intestinal metaplasia (IM) in the metaplastic esophageal epithelium. Clinical factors of subjects with BE and subjects without BE were compared, and the risk factors predicting BE were analyzed.
RESULTS A total of 3385 subjects (mean age, 51.29 ± 11.42 years; 57.1% male) were included in the study, and 89 among them were confirmed to have IM and presence of goblet cells via biopsy examination. The majority of these individuals were classified as short segment BE (n = 85). The overall prevalence of BE was 2.6%. Multivariate analysis disclosed that old age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.033; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.012-1.055; P = 0.002], male gender (OR = 2.106; 95%CI: 1.145-3.872; P = 0.017), ingestion of tea (OR = 1.695; 95%CI: 1.043-2.754; P = 0.033), and presence of hiatal hernia (OR = 3.037; 95%CI: 1.765-5.225; P < 0.001) were significant risk factors predicting BE. The independent risk factor for the presence of IM in ESEM lesions was old age alone (OR = 1.029; 95%CI: 1.006-1.053; P = 0.014).
CONCLUSION Current prevalence of BE among the general population in Taiwan is 2.6%. Old age, male gender, ingestion of tea and hiatal hernia are significant risk factors for BE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan-Hua Chen
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Health Evaluation Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Neipu Township, Pingtung County 91202, Taiwan
| | - Hsien-Chung Yu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Health Evaluation Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Institute of Health Care Management, Department of Business Management, National Sun Yat-Sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Kung-Hung Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Health Evaluation Center, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Department of Nursing, Meiho University, Neipu Township, Pingtung County 91202, Taiwan
| | - Huey-Shyan Lin
- Department of Health-Business Administration, Fooyin University, Kaohsiung 83102, Taiwan
| | - Ping-I Hsu
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- National Yang Ming University, Taipei 12221, Taiwan
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Cao H, Huang X, Zhi X, Han C, Li L, Li Y. Association between tea consumption and gastroesophageal reflux disease: A meta-analysis. Medicine (Baltimore) 2019; 98:e14173. [PMID: 30681584 PMCID: PMC6358326 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000014173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is one of the most common digestive system diseases, which is associated with lifestyle and dietary factors. The main mechanism involved in GERD is affected by demographics, lifestyles, and dietary factors. Tea consumption is reported to be associated with GERD, especially in Asian population. However, the effect of tea drinking on GERD risk is still controversial. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between tea consumption and the risk of GERD by meta-analysis. METHODS We searched the published research databases such as PubMed and Embase for studies that were published up to March 2018. The search results were reviewed by 2 authors, and studies that complied with the criteria were selected. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to assess the association between tea consumption and the risk of GERD. RESULTS Twenty-three articles including 30 studies were included in the meta-analysis. The result of meta-analysis showed that tea drinking had no significant association with the risk of GERD. The odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were 1.12 and (0.98-1.27). In subgroup analysis based on geographical region, tea consumption can increase the risk of GERD in East Asia (OR = 1.27, 95% CI = 1.07-1.51), while the risk of GERD was decreased in Middle Asia (OR = 0.77, 95% CI = 0.63-0.95). Besides, in the subgroup of study design, there was a significant association between tea intake and the GERD in cross-sectional study. In no symptom subgroup, the risk of GERD was increased (OR = 1.47, 95% CI = 1.11-1.93). CONCLUSIONS There was no significant relationship between tea consumption and the risk of GERD overall. However, in subgroup analysis, tea drinking may increase the risk of GERD in East Asia and decrease in Middle Asia. To clarify the causality between tea intake and GERD, a more precise study design will be needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongying Cao
- Department of Pathology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong
| | | | - Xiaosong Zhi
- Department of Cell Biology, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai
| | - Cuihong Han
- Department of Pathology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong
| | - Liang Li
- Department of Pathology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong
| | - Yuyi Li
- Department of Proctology, Jining No.1 People's Hospital, Jining, Shandong, China
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Fluid Intake and Beverage Consumption Description and Their Association with Dietary Vitamins and Antioxidant Compounds in Italian Adults from the Mediterranean Healthy Eating, Aging and Lifestyles (MEAL) Study. Antioxidants (Basel) 2018; 7:antiox7040056. [PMID: 29642527 PMCID: PMC5946122 DOI: 10.3390/antiox7040056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 04/03/2018] [Accepted: 04/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to investigate the total water intake (TWI) from drinks and foods and to evaluate the correlation between the different types of drinks on energy and antioxidant intake. The cohort comprised 1602 individuals from the city of Catania in Southern Italy. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to assess dietary and water intake. The mean total water intake was 2.7 L; more than about two thirds of the sample met the European recommendations for water intake. Water and espresso coffee were the most consumed drinks. Alcohol beverages contributed about 3.0% of total energy intake, and sugar sweetened beverages contributed about 1.4%. All antioxidant vitamins were significantly correlated with TWI. However, a higher correlation was found for water from food rather than water from beverages, suggesting that major food contributors to antioxidant vitamin intake might be fruits and vegetables, rather than beverages other than water. A mild correlation was found between fruit juices and vitamin C; coffee, tea and alcohol, and niacin and polyphenols; and milk and vitamin B12. The findings from the present study show that our sample population has an adequate intake of TWI and that there is a healthy association between beverages and dietary antioxidants.
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