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Bosse M, van Loon S. Challenges in quantifying genome erosion for conservation. Front Genet 2022; 13:960958. [PMID: 36226192 PMCID: PMC9549127 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.960958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Massive defaunation and high extinction rates have become characteristic of the Anthropocene. Genetic effects of population decline can lead populations into an extinction vortex, where declining populations show lower genetic fitness, in turn leading to lower populations still. The lower genetic fitness in a declining population due to a shrinking gene pool is known as genetic erosion. Three different types of genetic erosion are highlighted in this review: overall homozygosity, genetic load and runs of homozygosity (ROH), which are indicative of inbreeding. The ability to quantify genetic erosion could be a very helpful tool for conservationists, as it can provide them with an objective, quantifiable measure to use in the assessment of species at risk of extinction. The link between conservation status and genetic erosion should become more apparent. Currently, no clear correlation can be observed between the current conservation status and genetic erosion. However, the high quantities of genetic erosion in wild populations, especially in those species dealing with habitat fragmentation and habitat decline, may be early signs of deteriorating populations. Whole genome sequencing data is the way forward to quantify genetic erosion. Extra screening steps for genetic load and hybridization can be included, since they could potentially have great impact on population fitness. This way, the information yielded from genetic sequence data can provide conservationists with an objective genetic method in the assessment of species at risk of extinction. However, the great complexity of genome erosion quantification asks for consensus and bridging science and its applications, which remains challenging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirte Bosse
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Ecology and Evolution, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Animal Breeding and Genomics, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Mirte Bosse,
| | - Sam van Loon
- Amsterdam Institute for Life and Environment (A-LIFE), Section Ecology and Evolution, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
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Becheler R, Guillemin M, Stoeckel S, Mauger S, Saunier A, Brante A, Destombe C, Valero M. After a catastrophe, a little bit of sex is better than nothing: Genetic consequences of a major earthquake on asexual and sexual populations. Evol Appl 2020; 13:2086-2100. [PMID: 32908606 PMCID: PMC7463374 DOI: 10.1111/eva.12967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Catastrophic events can have profound effects on the demography of a population and consequently on genetic diversity. The dynamics of postcatastrophic recovery and the role of sexual versus asexual reproduction in buffering the effects of massive perturbations remain poorly understood, in part because the opportunity to document genetic diversity before and after such events is rare. Six natural (purely sexual) and seven cultivated (mainly clonal due to farming practices) populations of the red alga Agarophyton chilense were surveyed along the Chilean coast before, in the days after and 2 years after the 8.8 magnitude earthquake in 2010. The genetic diversity of sexual populations appeared sensitive to this massive perturbation, notably through the loss of rare alleles immediately after the earthquake. By 2012, the levels of diversity returned to those observed before the catastrophe, probably due to migration. In contrast, enhanced rates of clonality in cultivated populations conferred a surprising ability to buffer the instantaneous loss of diversity. After the earthquake, farmers increased the already high rate of clonality to maintain the few surviving beds, but most of them collapsed rapidly. Contrasting fates between sexual and clonal populations suggest that betting on strict clonality to sustain production is risky, probably because this extreme strategy hampered adaptation to the brutal environmental perturbation induced by the catastrophe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ronan Becheler
- Centro de Conservación MarinaDepartamento de EcologíaFacultad de Ciencias BiológicasPontificia Universidad Católica de ChileCasillaChile
- UMI 3614Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversidad Austral de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileRoscoffFrance
| | - Marie‐Laure Guillemin
- UMI 3614Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversidad Austral de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileRoscoffFrance
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Solenn Stoeckel
- UMR1349 Institute for Genetics, Environment and Plant ProtectionINRALe RheuFrance
| | - Stéphane Mauger
- UMI 3614Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversidad Austral de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileRoscoffFrance
| | - Alice Saunier
- UMI 3614Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversidad Austral de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileRoscoffFrance
- Instituto de Ciencias Ambientales y EvolutivasFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Austral de ChileValdiviaChile
| | - Antonio Brante
- Departamento de EcologíaFacultad de CienciasUniversidad Católica de la Santísima Concepción (UCSC)ConcepciónChile
- Centro de Investigación en Biodiversidad y Ambientes Sustentables (CIBAS)UCSCConcepciónChile
| | - Christophe Destombe
- UMI 3614Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversidad Austral de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileRoscoffFrance
| | - Myriam Valero
- UMI 3614Evolutionary Biology and Ecology of AlgaeCNRSSorbonne UniversitéUniversidad Austral de ChilePontificia Universidad Católica de ChileRoscoffFrance
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Lacey EA, Takenaka R, LaBarbera K, Tammone MN. Ecological and demographic impacts of a recent volcanic eruption on two endemic patagonian rodents. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0213311. [PMID: 30845255 PMCID: PMC6405110 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0213311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Accepted: 02/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Catastrophic events can significantly impact the demographic processes that shape natural populations of organisms. However, linking the outcomes of such events to specific demographic parameters is often challenging due to a lack of detailed pre-event data. The eruption of the Puyehue-Cordon Caulle volcanic complex on 4 June 2011 had profound consequences for the biota of southwestern Argentina. Our long-term behavioral, ecological, and demographic studies of two species of tuco-tucos (Ctenomys sociabilis and C. haigi) that occur in the region most heavily impacted by ash fall from the eruption provided an unusual opportunity to assess the effects of this event on natural populations of mammals. The post-eruption density of the study population for each species was markedly reduced compared to pre-eruption values, with the relative magnitude of this reduction being greater for the group-living C. sociabilis. The more extensive data set for this species indicated that ash fall from the eruption altered the food resources available to these animals; differences in pre- and post-eruption stable isotope signatures for fur samples from C. sociabilis were consistent with observed changes in vegetation. Per capita female reproductive success was also reduced in this species during the first breeding season following the eruption. Based on our detailed demographic records for C. sociabilis, neither survival of yearling females from 2010 to 2011 nor the percentage of unmarked females in the study population in 2011 differed from pre-eruption values. Instead, the post-eruption decrease in population density for C. sociabilis appeared to reflect reduced within-population recruitment of juvenile females to the 2011 breeding population. Although the eruption did not result in the local extinction of either study population, the demographic consequences detected are likely to have impacted the effective sizes of these populations, creating important opportunities to link specific demographic parameters to previously reported decreases in genetic variability detected after this significant natural event.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eileen A. Lacey
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| | - Risa Takenaka
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Katie LaBarbera
- Museum of Vertebrate Zoology and Department of Integrative Biology, University of California, Berkeley, CA, United States of America
| | - Mauro N. Tammone
- Programa de Estudios Aplicados a la Conservación del Parque Nacional Nahuel Huapi, Bariloche, Río Negro, Argentina
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Suárez-Villota EY, Quercia CA, Nuñez JJ, Gallardo MH, Himes CM, Kenagy GJ. Monotypic status of the South American relictual marsupial Dromiciops gliroides (Microbiotheria). J Mammal 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/jmammal/gyy073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Elkin Y Suárez-Villota
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Camila A Quercia
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - José J Nuñez
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Milton H Gallardo
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Limnológicas, Universidad Austral de Chile, Casilla, Valdivia, Chile
| | - Christopher M Himes
- Burke Museum and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - G J Kenagy
- Burke Museum and Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
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Tavares WC, Seuánez HN. Changes in selection intensity on the mitogenome of subterranean and fossorial rodents respective to aboveground species. Mamm Genome 2018; 29:353-363. [DOI: 10.1007/s00335-018-9748-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2018] [Accepted: 05/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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Genomic data reveal a loss of diversity in two species of tuco-tucos (genus Ctenomys) following a volcanic eruption. Sci Rep 2017; 7:16227. [PMID: 29176629 PMCID: PMC5701162 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-16430-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 11/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Marked reductions in population size can trigger corresponding declines in genetic variation. Understanding the precise genetic consequences of such reductions, however, is often challenging due to the absence of robust pre- and post-reduction datasets. Here, we use heterochronous genomic data from samples obtained before and immediately after the 2011 eruption of the Puyehue-Cordón Caulle volcanic complex in Patagonia to explore the genetic impacts of this event on two parapatric species of rodents, the colonial tuco-tuco (Ctenomys sociabilis) and the Patagonian tuco-tuco (C. haigi). Previous analyses using microsatellites revealed no post-eruption changes in genetic variation in C. haigi, but an unexpected increase in variation in C. sociabilis. To explore this outcome further, we used targeted gene capture to sequence over 2,000 putatively neutral regions for both species. Our data revealed that, contrary to the microsatellite analyses, the eruption was associated with a small but significant decrease in genetic variation in both species. We suggest that genome-level analyses provide greater power than traditional molecular markers to detect the genetic consequences of population size changes, particularly changes that are recent, short-term, or modest in size. Consequently, genomic analyses promise to generate important new insights into the effects of specific environmental events on demography and genetic variation.
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Devillard S, Santin-Janin H, Say L, Pontier D. Linking genetic diversity and temporal fluctuations in population abundance of the introduced feral cat (Felis silvestris catus) on the Kerguelen archipelago. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:5141-53. [PMID: 22098605 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05329.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Chan YL, Hadly EA. Genetic variation over 10,000 years in Ctenomys: comparative phylochronology provides a temporal perspective on rarity, environmental change and demography. Mol Ecol 2011; 20:4592-605. [PMID: 22008209 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2011.05295.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An understanding of how ecological traits influence past species response to environmental change can aid our future predictions of species persistence. We used ancient DNA and serial coalescent modelling in a hypothesis-testing framework to reveal differences in temporal genetic variation over 10,000 years for two species of subterranean rodents that currently differ in rarity (abundance, range size and habitat specificity) and mating system, but that reside in the same volcanically active region. Comparative phylochronologic analyses indicated little genetic change and suggest genetic stability in the solitary widespread Ctenomys haigi over thousands of years. In contrast, we found a pattern of haplotypic turnover in the rare and currently endangered Ctenomys sociabilis. Serial coalescent modelling indicated that the best-fit models of microevolutionary change included gene flow between isolated populations for this species. Although C. haigi and C. sociabilis are congeners that share many life history traits, they have behavioural, habitat-preference and population-size differences that may have resulted in contrasting patterns of temporal variation during periods of environmental change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Chan
- Department of Biology, 371 Serra Mall, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305-5020, USA.
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Ojeda AA. Phylogeography and genetic variation in the South American rodent Tympanoctomys barrerae (Rodentia: Octodontidae). J Mammal 2010. [DOI: 10.1644/09-mamm-a-177.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Van Tuinen M, O'Keefe K, Ramakrishnan U, Hadly EA. Fire and ice: genetic structure of the Uinta ground squirrel (Spermophilus armatus) across the Yellowstone hotspot. Mol Ecol 2008; 17:1776-88. [PMID: 18284571 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2008.03671.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The range of the Uinta ground squirrel, Spermophilus armatus, is centred over one of the most tectonically active regions today, the Yellowstone hotspot. We document the role of Quaternary tectonic and climatic history on the genetic structure of this species by screening museum and extant individuals throughout its range. Phylogeographic, divergence time, and demographic analyses of partial mitochondrial cytochrome b and control region DNA sequences yield insight into the cadence of evolution across three spatiotemporal scales: (i) a relatively deep intraspecific divergence of S. armatus into three lineages coincident with the last major volcanic eruption in the region and maintained by the Snake River Plain; (ii) demographic expansion in two lineages corresponding to the time of last deglaciation of the region; and (iii) a recent (< 50 years) local extinction of the third lineage coincident with climatic change and conversion of habitat for agricultural purposes in eastern Idaho. Beyond these inferences, our study highlights the unique value of museum material to phylogeography, and shows that small mammal recolonization of previously glaciated montane 'islands' differs from northward postglacial expansion observed in areas previously covered by continental ice sheets. Montane 'islands' may harbour high genetic diversity because of admixture and recurrent expansion/extinction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel Van Tuinen
- Department of Biology and Marine Biology, University of North Carolina at Wilmington, Wilmington, NC 28403, USA
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Chan YL, Anderson CNK, Hadly EA. Bayesian estimation of the timing and severity of a population bottleneck from ancient DNA. PLoS Genet 2006; 2:e59. [PMID: 16636697 PMCID: PMC1440876 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.0020059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2005] [Accepted: 03/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
In this first application of the approximate Bayesian computation approach using the serial coalescent, we demonstrated the estimation of historical demographic parameters from ancient DNA. We estimated the timing and severity of a population bottleneck in an endemic subterranean rodent, Ctenomys sociabilis, over the last 10,000 y from two cave sites in northern Patagonia, Argentina. Understanding population bottlenecks is important in both conservation and evolutionary biology. Conservation implications include the maintenance of genetic variation, inbreeding, fixation of mildly deleterious alleles, and loss of adaptive potential. Evolutionary processes are impacted because of the influence of small populations in founder effects and speciation. We found a decrease from a female effective population size of 95,231 to less than 300 females at 2,890 y before present: a 99.7% decline. Our study demonstrates the persistence of a species depauperate in genetic diversity for at least 2,000 y and has implications for modes of speciation in the incredibly diverse rodent genus Ctenomys. Our approach shows promise for determining demographic parameters for other species with ancient and historic samples and demonstrates the power of such an approach using ancient DNA. Modern genetic variation can be used to reconstruct past events in a population's history, such as severe population declines (population bottlenecks). However, ancient DNA has the potential to improve our ability to estimate the timing and severity of such events, increasing our understanding of their causes and consequences. The authors apply a method for estimating historical demography, approximate Bayesian computation, to modern and ancient genetic variation sampled over the last 10,000 y, in order to estimate the timing and severity of a population bottleneck in an endemic Patagonian rodent. Their method shows promise for determining demographic parameters for other species with ancient and historic samples and demonstrates the power of such an approach using ancient DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvonne L Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.
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Cutrera AP, Lacey EA, Busch C. INTRASPECIFIC VARIATION IN EFFECTIVE POPULATION SIZE IN TALAR TUCO-TUCOS (CTENOMYS TALARUM): THE ROLE OF DEMOGRAPHY. J Mammal 2006. [DOI: 10.1644/05-mamm-a-075r1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Hadly EA, van Tuinen M, Chan Y, Heiman K. ANCIENT DNA EVIDENCE OF PROLONGED POPULATION PERSISTENCE WITH NEGLIGIBLE GENETIC DIVERSITY IN AN ENDEMIC TUCO-TUCO (CTENOMYS SOCIABILIS). J Mammal 2003. [DOI: 10.1644/1545-1542(2003)084<0403:adeopp>2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Stuessy TF, Tremetsberger K, Müllner AN, Jankowicz J, Guo YP, Baeza CM, Samuel RM. The melding of systematics and biogeography through investigations at the populational level: examples from the genus Hypochaeris (Asteraceae). Basic Appl Ecol 2003. [DOI: 10.1078/1439-1791-00160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Keller LF, Jeffery KJ, Arcese P, Beaumont MA, Hochachka WM, Smith JN, Bruford MW. Immigration and the ephemerality of a natural population bottleneck: evidence from molecular markers. Proc Biol Sci 2001; 268:1387-94. [PMID: 11429139 PMCID: PMC1088753 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2001.1607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 220] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Population bottlenecks are often invoked to explain low levels of genetic variation in natural populations, yet few studies have documented the direct genetic consequences of known bottlenecks in the wild. Empirical studies of natural population bottlenecks are therefore needed, because key assumptions of theoretical and laboratory studies of bottlenecks may not hold in the wild. Here we present microsatellite data from a severe bottleneck (95% mortality) in an insular population of song sparrows (Melospiza melodia). The major findings of our study are as follows: (i) The bottleneck reduced heterozygosity and allelic diversity nearly to neutral expectations, despite non-random survival of birds with respect to inbreeding and wing length. (ii) All measures of genetic diversity regained pre-bottleneck levels within two to three years of the crash. This rapid recovery was due to low levels of immigration. (iii) The rapid recovery occurred despite a coincident, strong increase in average inbreeding. These results show that immigration at levels that are hard to measure in most field studies can lead to qualitatively very different genetic outcomes from those expected from mutations only. We suggest that future theoretical and empirical work on bottlenecks and metapopulations should address the impact of immigration.
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Affiliation(s)
- L F Keller
- Division of Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biomedical and Life Sciences, Graham Kerr Building, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, UK
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Groves P. Intraspecific variation in mitochondrial DNA of muskoxen, based on control-region sequences. CAN J ZOOL 1997. [DOI: 10.1139/z97-070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The muskox (Ovibos moschatus) is thought to have experienced significant genetic bottlenecks. Despite these bottlenecks, two subspecies of muskox, O. m. wardi and O. m. moschatus, have been commonly accepted, based on morphological differences and geographic separation. The reintroduction of muskoxen to Alaska from Greenland has created a situation in which the proposed subspecies might meet and interbreed as the Alaskan (O. m. wardi) and mainland Canadian (O. m. moschatus) populations expand their ranges. To attempt to define subspecific differences and investigate the appropriateness of potential interbreeding of Alaskan and Canadian mainland muskoxen, control-region sequences of mitochondrial DNA were compared among 37 muskoxen. Extremely little variation was found among all the muskoxen sampled. These results do not allow definition of muskox subspecies and suggest that the different populations may already have mixed. The low levels of variability further support historical and archaeological evidence of repeated bottlenecks throughout the history of the species.
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The successful founder: genetics of introduced Carduelis chloris (greenfinch) populations in New Zealand. Heredity (Edinb) 1996. [DOI: 10.1038/hdy.1996.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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