Effect of visible light on some cellular and immune parameters

Effect of Polarized Light Therapy (Bioptron) on Wound Healing and Microbiota in Diabetic Foot Ulcer: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) complications are the most common cause of morbidity in diabetic patients. Bioptron light therapy is a new adjuvant therapy for wound healing. This study aimed to investigate the effect of polarized light therapy on the healing and microbial nature of DFUs. Methods: Forty type 2 diabetic patients with Wagner grade 1 or 2 DFUs were randomly assigned to one of two groups: the light therapy group, which received Bioptron light therapy using the Bioptron lamp for 12 min three times per week, plus standard wound care, or the control group, which received standard wound care only. Both interventions were given over a 2-month period. Wound surface area, volume, and ulcer microbial cultures were all measured before and after the study period. Results: There was a significant reduction in ulcer surface area between groups in favor of the light therapy group, with a relative ulcer size reduction of 51.44% ± 23.76% compared with 24.5% ± 9.6% in the control group (p < 0.001). Besides, a significant difference was observed between groups in the microbial cultures (p = 0.02); by the end of the 8th week, the number of patients with negative ulcer culture was 12 (60%) in the light therapy group compared with 3 (15%) in the control group. Conclusions: Bioptron light therapy seems to be an effective therapeutic intervention combined with standard care in decreasing wound size and reducing ulcer microbiota for DFUs. It reduces ulcer bacterial infection and speeds up ulcer healing. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT04446767.

Polarized Light Therapy in the Treatment of Wounds: A Review

The most prevalent type of photo therapies are low-level laser therapy (LLLT) and ultraviolet (UV) treatments, which are distinguished by the physical properties of the light employed. However, in latest years, it has been suggested that polarization and an extensive light band including all light spectra are essential aspects in light treatment. Light waves are filtered to align and vibrate in a single plane, resulting in polarized light (PL). Light that has been polarized can penetrate tissues more deeply than light that has not been polarized. The visible light spectrum is very broad. PL varies from other types of light therapy in that it uses a considerably wider spectrum of wavelengths than LLLT or UV. As a result, PLT devices are often less expensive and simple to operate. Since the late 1960s, light therapy has been used to treat anything from neonatal jaundice to psoriasis and vitiligo. Fenyö created a PL source and found that it can stimulate wound healing in a similar way to the low-energy laser. In comparison to the laser, this source of light had numerous gains: lesser prices, fewer hazards, a greater area to be treated, and no sophisticated user expertise. Despite several findings from fundamental research (in vitro, in vivo, and animal trials), practitioners continue to have reservations regarding PL's potency and utility in treating musculoskeletal problems. It is even largely believed that the commercial use of these therapies is validated by a sufficient amount of scientific evidence based on reliable clinical papers. The major goal of this study is to gather information on the use of PL for treatment of various wound types in animal and human investigations.

Electromedical devices in wound healing management: a narrative review

Wound healing is the sum of physiological sequential steps, leading to skin restoration. However, in some conditions, such as diabetes, pressure ulcers (PU) and venous legs ulcers (VLU), healing is a major challenge and requires multiple strategies. In this context, some electromedical devices may accelerate and/or support wound healing, modulating the inflammatory, proliferation (granulation) and tissue-remodelling phases. This review describes some helpful electromedical devices including: ultrasonic-assisted wound debridement; electrotherapy; combined ultrasound and electric field stimulation; low-frequency pulsed electromagnetic fields; phototherapy (for example, laser therapy and light-emitting diode (LED) therapy); biophotonic therapies, and pressure therapies (for example, negative pressure wound therapy, and high pressure and intermittent pneumatic compression) The review focuses on the evidence-based medicine and adequate clinical trial design in relation to these devices.

Irradiation with Polychromatic Incoherent Low Energy Radiation of Human Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells In Vitro: Effects on Cytokine Production

(1) Background: Physical stimuli may activate peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) to secrete cytokines, which may favor pro-inflammatory responses or trigger reparative phenomena. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the action of Polarized Polychromatic Incoherent Low Energy Radiation (PILER) on human in vitro PBMCs, by detection of the possible effects on cytokine production; (2) Methods: isolated PBMCs were irradiated with a PILER lamp at different exposure times, at a distance of 10 cm, before incubation. The supernatants were collected after 24 h and 48 h and cytokines evaluated by ELISA; (3) Results: Our results showed a decrease in the levels of pro-inflammatory IL-12p70, IL-17A, IFN-γ, and TNF-α cytokines, whereas IL-10 and TGF-β1 with regulatory activity increased; (4) Conclusions: PILER irradiation affected the cytokine production by isolated PBMCs driving the immune response toward an anti-inflammatory/reparative profile.

Treatment of non-atopic dermatitis with polarized UV-free polychromatic light: A case report

Non-atopic dermatitis is a common inflammatory condition, which is potentially debilitating and can compromise life quality. Polarized ultraviolet-free polychromatic light is used as therapeutic option for the treatment of wound healing and dermatological conditions. It has not yet been tested in the management of non-atopic dermatitis. In this case report, we present a 67- year-old female patient who had suffered with moderate non-atopic dermatitis for the past 20 years, and had undergone multiple treatments during that time without significant improvement or relief from her symptoms. She was treated for six weeks only with daily light therapy applications (10 minutes/area). Our results showed that light therapy offered a significant reduction in erythema of the affected zones with a concomitant reduction in pruritus and dehydration of the skin, without side effects or discomfort.

[The application of the modern phototherapeutic technologies for the medical rehabilitation of the children]

This literature review is focused on the application of polychromatic and monochromatic polarized light for the treatment of various diseases of the childhood including those in the newborns and the premature babies. The analysis of the data of scientific research gives evidence of the beneficial effect of polychromatic polarized light on the clinical course of various skin diseases in the newborn children. Moreover, the improved immunological and reparative processes were revealed after the surgical interventions for congenital heart defects in the newborns. The light-induced changes in the skin contribute to the realization of therapeutic effects of polarized polychromatic light in such children's diseases as atopic dermatitis, bronchitis, bronchial asthma, neurogenic urinary bladder dysfunction, and the traumatic injuries of the limbs. The biologically positive physiological effects of monochromatic polarized light are known to contribute to the improvement of the clinical and functional status in the children presenting with bronchial asthma and in the patients frequently suffering from acute respiratory diseases. The versatility of the biological effects of polarized light taken together with the possibility of its application from the first days of the child's life, the short duration of the procedure, the absence of unpleasant sensations and contact between the damaged surface and the device as well as the simplicity of using the equipment determine the promising prospects for the use of the proposed method in the clinical pediatric practice.

Polychromatic light (480-3400nm) similar to the terrestrial solar spectrum without its UV component in post-surgical immunorehabilitation of breast cancer patients

To this day, two methods of phototherapy (PT) have been successfully used in post-surgical immunorehabilitation of patients with breast cancer (BC): intravenous laser irradiation of the patients' blood and reinfusion of lympholeukosuspension of BC patients after single irradiation with HeNe laser. The objective of this pilot experimental study was to verify the effectiveness of the percutaneous use of polychromatic visible light combined with polychromatic infrared (pVIS+pIR) radiation similar to the major components of natural solar spectrum in post-surgical management of BC patients. Patients with BC (adenocarcinoma) of I-II stages, n=19 who had undergone mastectomy, were divided into 2 groups. The control group of patients (n=8) underwent a conventional course of post-surgical rehabilitation and sham irradiation. Patients of the PT group (n=11) additionally received 7days of daily treatment with polychromatic light on the sacral area, D=15cm. The PT course began on the day after mastectomy (Bioptron-2 device; Switzerland, 480-3400nm, 95% polarization, 40mW/cm², 24J/cm²). Mastectomy produced many changes in cellular and humoral immunity, which was recorded on the 1st and 8th post-surgical days. The PT course resulted in a faster normalization of post-surgical leukocytosis and activation of cytotoxic CD8⁺ T-lymphocytes (Lym), reduced the elevated concentration in blood of immune complexes and in parallel promoted cytotoxic activity of CD16⁺/CD56⁺ NK-cells. The PT up-regulated the number of NK-cells in patients with its decrease on the 1st post-surgical day and prevented the decrease in the amount of monocytes, CD19⁺ B-Lym, CD3⁺ T-Lym, CD4⁺ T-helpers, activated CD3⁺/HLADR⁺ T-Lym, and the decrease of the phagocytotic capability of neutrophils. PT blocked the down-regulation of the IgM, IgA concentration and abnormally sharp increase of the proinflammatory cytokine IFN-γ content. Therefore, a 7-day course with polychromatic light prevented the development of immunosupression in the BC patients at the early post-mastectomy period.

Correlation of bioelectrical impedance analysis phase angle with changes in oxidative stress on end-stage renal disease patients, before, during, and after dialysis

Chronic kidney disease is a condition that promotes oxidative stress. There are conflicting evidence about the role of hemodialysis on oxidative stress, that are mostly related with the various types of membrane materials used, the quality and type of dialysate, the method used, etc. The phase angle (PhA), which is determined with bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA), measures the functionality of cell membranes. In this study, the correlation of the PhA with parameters of oxidative stress is attempted for the first time. We evaluated parameters of oxidative status as total antioxidant capacity (TAC) in erythrocytes (RBCs) and plasma of patients with ESRD undergoing hemodialysis with low flux synthetic polysulfone membranes. Measurements were recorded from 30 patients (16 men and 14 women) aged 64 ± 14 years before, during, and after dialysis, and in 15 healthy volunteers aged 56 ± 12 years The PhA was obtained by BIA. The plasma TAC increased significantly (41%, p < 0.05). Intracellular TAC noted a non-significant increase. Total antioxidant capacity of the patients before and after hemodialysis was significantly lower from the healthy volunteers (p < 0.05) showing that ESRD patients are at the state of increased oxidative stress. The PhA increased in significantly positive correlation with plasma TAC at the end of hemodialysis. The process of hemodialysis with biocompatible synthetic membranes and bicarbonate dialysate improved plasma TAC. The positive correlation of PhA with extracellular TAC could evolve to a method of oxidative stress estimation by BIA but further research is needed.

Regulatory systemic effect of postsurgical polychromatic light (480-3400 nm) irradiation of breast cancer patients on the proliferation of tumor and normal cells in vitro

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this work was to study the effect of phototherapy (PT) with percutaneous exposures to polychromatic visible and IR light (pVIS + pIR) on breast cancer (BC) patients at the early postmastectomy period, on the growth-promoting (GP) properties of their blood serum, by evaluating its capability to support proliferation of normal and tumor human cells in vitro.

MATERIAL AND METHODS

After mastectomy, one group of patients was treated daily for 1 week on the sacral area with pVIS + pIR light (480-3400 nm, 40 mW/cm(2), 95% polarization, 24 J/cm(2)). The second group used as a control was sham irradiated. Blood serum samples collected before surgery, and 1 and 8 days after surgery, were added (2.5%) into nutrition media for cells instead of 10% of fetal calf serum. Cell targets were cultures of human fibroblasts (FBs), keratinocytes (KCs), three lines of the human BC cells (BT-474, HBL-100, Hs 578T) and cells of human epidermoid carcinoma (A-431). Cell number was evaluated by staining cell nuclei with crystal violet and a spectrometric assay of the extracted dye.

RESULTS

The day after mastectomy there were no significant changes in the GP activity of sera. After a 7-day PT course, an increase of this activity was recorded for normal FBs and KCs by 18% and 24%, respectively, in comparison with presurgical levels. GP activity of the same patients' sera for all tumor cells, BT-474, HBL-100, Hs 578T and A-431, decreased by 32%, 17%, 11%, and 7% respectively. As a result, enhancement of proliferation of KCs and FBs and inhibition of proliferation of tumor cells was seen.

CONCLUSIONS

The results suggest an effect at the systemic level where pVIS + pIR light may stimulate growth of human skin cells and simultaneously downregulate the proliferation of tumor cells, including BC cells. This argues in favor of the oncological safety of PT for BC patients postsurgically.

Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in treatment of recurrent aphthous ulcers - a sham controlled, split mouth follow up study

INTRODUCTION

Apthous ulcers, commonly referred to as canker sores, are the most common ulcerative lesions of the oral mucosa. These are usually painful and are associated with redness, and occasional bleeding from the affected area(s). The aims of treatment are to reduce pain and healing time.

AIMS

To assess clinically the efficacy of Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) on recurrent aphthous ulcers for reduction of pain, lesion size, and healing time and to compare the results with those of a sham control group.

SETTINGS AND DESIGN

A total of 30 patients who presented with two separate aphthous ulcers were included in the study. Each lesion was randomly allotted to either the active treatment group or the sham control group.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Lesions which were included in the active group were treated with LLLT in a single sitting, which was divided into four sessions. Lesions in the sham control group were subjected to similar treatment without activating the LASER unit. Each patient was evaluated for pain, lesion size, and complete healing at the following intervals; immediately post LLLT and one day, two days, and three days follow up. Statistical Analysis : The Student's t-test was used for statistical evaluation of the data.

RESULTS

Complete resolution of the ulcers in the active group was 3.05 ± 1.10 days as compared to 8.90 ± 2.45 days in the sham control group. Immediately, post the LLLT application, complete pain relief was observed in 28 of the 30 patients of the active group.

CONCLUSION

LLLT was effective in relieving pain and reducing the healing time during the treatment of aphthous ulcers.

The effects of daily irradiation with polychromatic visible polarized light on human lymphocyte populations

OBJECTIVE

The goal of this randomized, placebo controlled, double-blind study was to investigate the effects of transcutaneous irradiation with polychromatic visible polarized light (540-780 nm; 68% polarization; power density 3.0 E-10 W/cm(2)) on a subset population of human lymphocytes using flow cytometry.

BACKGROUND DATA

The biomodulation and therapeutic effects of visible light of different wavelengths are well known, but the immunological effects of polychromatic visible polarized light have not been investigated sufficiently.

METHODS

Before and after 28 consecutive days of irradiation, blood samples were collected from the subjects and the population count of the lymphocyte subset was measured.

RESULTS

The absolute count of total lymphocytes, CD3(+) lymphocytes, and CD3(+)CD4(+) lymphocytes increased by 7% (p = 0.023), 9% (p = 0.058), and 13% (p = 0.021), respectively. Yet the absolute count of WBCs, CD3(+)CD8(+), CD19(+), and CD16(+)56(+) lymphocytes did not change significantly.

CONCLUSION

The application of polychromatic visible polarized light with the aforementioned features increases the CD3(+)CD4(+) lymphocyte population. It is suggested that this regimen may be useful for the promotion of natural defenses in cell-mediated immunity.

Biomodulative Effects of Polarized Light on the Healing of Cutaneous Wounds on Nourished and Undernourished Wistar Rats

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to evaluate, by light microcopy, the differences in healing process of cutaneous wounds on nourished or undernourished rats following illumination by polarized light (lambda400-2000 nm) with 20 or 40 J/cm(2).

BACKGROUND DATA

There are some reports in the literature on different effects of polarized light on wound healing. Amongst the factors that interfere with wound healing one is the nutritional status of the subject.

METHODS

Thirty nourished or undernourished Wistar rats had one standardized surgical wound created on the dorsum and were divided into six groups: group 1, control (standard diet); group 2, control (Northeastern Brazilian Basic Diet [DBR]); group 3, standard diet + polarized light (20 J/cm(2)); group 4, standard diet + polarized light (40 J/cm(2)); group 5, DBR + polarized light (20 J/cm(2)); group 6, DBR + polarized light (40 J/cm(2)). The first application of treatment was carried out immediately after wounding and repeated every 24 h during 7 days. The animals were sacrificed, and specimens were taken and routinely processed to wax, cut, and stain with hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and Sirius Red. These were then analyzed under light microscopy. The analysis included re-epitheliialization, inflammatory infiltrate, and fibroblastic proliferation. Sirius Red-stained slides were used to perform descriptive analysis of collagen.

RESULTS

The analysis of the results showed better results in these groups illuminated with 20 J/cm(2).

CONCLUSION

It is concluded that nutritional status influenced the progression of the healing process as well as the quality of the healed tissue, and that the use of polarized light resulted in a positive biomodulatory effect.

Pro- and Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Content in Human Peripheral Blood after Its Transcutaneous (in Vivo) and Direct (in Vitro) Irradiation with Polychromatic Visible and Infrared Light

OBJECTIVE

The aim of this randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind trial was to investigate changes in the content of 10 cytokines in the human peripheral blood after transcutaneous and in vitro irradiation with polychromatic visible and infrared (IR) polarized light at therapeutic dose.

BACKGROUND DATA

The role of cytokines in development of anti-inflammatory, immunomodulatory, and wound-healing effects of visible and IR light remains poorly studied.

METHODS

The sacral area of volunteers was exposed (480-3400 nm, 95% polarization, 12 J/cm(2)); in parallel, the blood samples of the same subjects were irradiated in vitro (2.4 J/cm(2)). Determination of cytokine content was performed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).

RESULTS

A dramatic decrease in the level of pro-inflammatory cytokines TNF-alpha, IL-6, and IFN-gamma was revealed: at 0.5 h after exposure of volunteers (with the initial parameters exceeding the norm), the cytokine contents fell, on average, 34, 12, and 1.5 times. The reduced concentrations of TNF-alpha and IL-6 were preserved after four daily exposures, whereas levels of IFN-gamma and IL-12 decreased five and 15 times. At 0.5 h and at later times, the amount of anti-inflammatory cytokines was found to rise: that of IL-10 rose 2.7-3.5 times (in subjects with normal initial parameters) and of TGF-beta1 1.4-1.5 times (in the cases of its decreased level). A peculiarity of the light effect was a fast rise of IFN-gamma at 3.3-4.0 times in subjects with normal initial values. The content of IL-1beta, IL-2, IFN-alpha, and IL-4 did not change. Similar regularities of the light effects were recorded after in vitro irradiation of blood, as well as on mixing the irradiated and non-irradiated autologous blood at a volume ratio 1:10 (i.e., at modeling the events in a vascular bed of the exposed person when a small amount of the transcutaneously photomodified blood contacts its main circulating volume).

CONCLUSION

Exposure of a small area of the human body to light leads to a fast decrease in the elevated pro-inflammatory cytokine plasma content and to an increase in the the anti-inflammatory factor concentration, which may be an important mechanism of the anti-inflammatory effect of phototherapy. These changes result from transcutaneous photomodification of a small volume of blood and a fast transfer of the light-induced changes to the entire pool of circulating blood.

Polychromatic Light Similar to the Terrestrial Solar Spectrum Without its UV Component Stimulates DNA Synthesis in Human Peripheral Blood Lymphocytes In Vivo and In Vitro

Immunosuppressive effects of the minor component of the terrestrial solar spectrum, UV radiation, have been substantiated over the past several years. This raises the question of what influence the dominant part of the solar spectrum--visible and IR light-would have on the human immune system. In the present randomized, placebo-controlled double-blind study a small area of the body surface of volunteers was irradiated with polychromatic light (480-3400 nm), simulating the significant part of the terrestial sunlight irradiance spectrum and its power density. An average 2.5-fold to three-fold increase in spontaneous and phytohemagglutinin-induced DNA synthesis in peripheral blood lymphocytes (Lym) was revealed at 0.5-24 h after irradiation at a therapeutic dose (12 J/cm(2)) in subjects with low preirradiation levels of both processes. The in vivo findings were echoed in parallel in vitro experiments, when blood drawn from the same subjects was directly irradiated (2.4 J/cm(2)), or when the irradiated blood was mixed 1:10 with nonirradiated autologous blood to model events in the circulation following transcutaneous blood photomodification. Our data suggest that exposure of the human body to polychromatic visible + IR light may photomodify blood in the dermal vasculature of the irradiated area to lead to an immediate transfer of the light-induced effects to Lym of the entire circulating blood, which can result in modulation of Lym functional state at the systemic level.

Polarized Light (400–2000 nm) and Non-ablative Laser (685 nm): A Description of the Wound Healing Process Using Immunohistochemical Analysis

OBJECTIVE

This study aimed to describe, through morphologic and cytochemical analysis, the healing process of wounds submitted (or not) to laser therapy (lambda685 nm) or polarized light (lambda400-2000 nm).

BACKGROUND DATA

There are many reports on different effects of several types of phototherapies on the treatment of distinct conditions, amongst them, on wound healing. Laser therapy and the use of polarized light are still controversial despite successive reports on their positive effects on several biological processes.

METHODS

Thirty male Wistar rats, approximately 4 months old, were used, and standardized excisional wounds were created on their dorsum. The wounds were irradiated in four equidistant points with laser light or illuminated with polarized light, both with doses of 20 or 40 J/cm2. Group 1 acted as untreated controls. Animals were irradiated every 48 h during 7 days, starting immediately after surgery, and were humanely killed on the 8th post-operative day. Specimens were taken and routinely processed and stained with H&E, and for descriptive analysis of myofibroblasts and collagen fibers, the specimens were imunnomarked by smooth muscle alpha-actin and picrosirius stain.

RESULTS

Control specimens showed the presence of ulceration, hyperemia, discrete edema, intense, and diffuse inflammation, collagen deposition was irregular, and myofibroblasts were seen parallel to the wound margins. Wounds treated by laser therapy with a dose of 20 J/cm2 showed mild hyperemia, inflammation varied from moderate to intense, the number of fibroblasts was large, and the distribution of collagen fibers was more regular. Increasing the dose to 40 J/cm2 evidenced exuberant neovascularization, severe hyperemia, moderate to severe inflammation, large collagen deposition, and fewer myofibroblasts. On subjects illuminated with polarized light with a dose of 20 J/cm2, mild to moderate hyperemia was detectable, and collagen matrix was expressive and unevenly distributed; a larger number of myofibroblasts was present and no re-epithelialization was seen. Increasing the dose resulted in mild to moderate hyperemia, no re-epithelialization was seen, edema was discrete, and inflammation was moderate.

CONCLUSION

The use of 685-nm laser light or polarized light with a dose of 20 J/cm2 resulted in increased collagen deposition and better organization on healing wounds, and the number of myofibroblast was increased when polarized light is used.

The influence of ozonated autohemotherapy on oxidative stress in hemodialyzed patients with atherosclerotic ischemia of lower limbs

Ozonated autohemotherapy is used as a complementary medical approach in the treatment of vascular disorders. One of the greatest problems concerning an application of ozone in medicine is its induction of oxidative stress. The standards of ozonotherapy were elaborated recently making this treatment useful and probably non toxic. The aim of the present study was to investigate the influence of ozonated autohemotherapy on the oxidative stress extent in hemodialyzed patients, known to be particularly exposed to generation and deleterious effects of free radicals. Twelve continuously hemodialyzed subjects with atherosclerotic ischemia of the lower limbs were examined in a prospective, controlled, single blind study. Autohemotherapy with blood exposure to oxygen served as a control. The protein and lipid peroxidation products, the reduced glutathione level in red blood cells and free hemoglobin plasma concentration were measured. The study showed that ozonated autohemotherapy with ozone concentration 50 microg/ml per gram of blood induced a significant decrease in glutathione level after 9 sessions of this procedure. Therapy did not cause either the enhancement of protein and lipid peroxidation, or erythrocytes damage. It seems likely that the antioxidant defense system, part of which is glutathione, neutralizes oxidative properties of ozone in this concentration and protects against oxidative cell damage.

Oxidative stress by visible light irradiation suppresses immunoglobulin production in mouse spleen lymphocytes

In this study, we attempted to induce the oxidative stress in mouse spleen lymphocytes with visible light irradiation and examined the effects of lipid peroxidation on immunoglobulin (Ig) production. The spleen lymphocytes were isolated from 8-week-old male balb/c mice and irradiated with 300 W visible light. When the cells were cultured for 72 hr, Ig contents in culture supernatants were decreased gradually by irradiation for over 30 min. The cell viability was also lowered by the irradiation. Intracellular phosphatidylcholine hydroperoxide (PCOOH) levels and thiobarbituric acid-reactive substances (TBARS) values in culture supernatants were measured as indices of lipid peroxidation and we found that Ig production by mouse spleen lymphocytes was suppressed accompanied with the progress of peroxidation of intracellular phospholipids. Cell membrane fluidity was also significantly decreased, but the intracellular Ig level was not changed in the irradiated cells. These results suggest that the peroxidation of intracellular lipids is a cause of the suppression of Ig production by mouse spleen lymphocytes via lowering cell viability and suppressing Ig synthesis and secretion.

Use of photic feedback as an adjunct treatment in a case of Miller Fisher syndrome

Photic Feedback treatment of a patient diagnosed with Miller Fisher syndrome has resulted in the rapid and permanent remission of symptoms. During Photic Feedback treatment, the CD20 appeared to be slightly increased. This may have been associated with changes in humoral immunity. The present clinical observation of a single patient suggests that Photic Feedback treatment should be investigated as a possible adjunct therapy for patients who suffer from polyneuropathies, such as Miller Fisher syndrome, within a carefully controlled clinical trial.