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Tortora M, Cattaneo E, Spaccini L, Iascone M, Scelsa B, Micalizzi A, Novelli A, Lanna M, Righini A, Veggiotti P, Doneda C. Novel Genetic Variant in HUWE1: Prenatal and Postnatal Neuroimaging Phenotype. Neurol Genet 2024; 10:e200169. [PMID: 39139262 PMCID: PMC11319069 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000200169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024]
Abstract
Objectives To provide a comprehensive description of neuroradiologic findings in a patient with a probable pathogenic variant of HUWE1, particularly in relation to pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia. Methods We first report prenatal and postnatal neuroradiologic phenotype of a female patient carrying a HUWE1 likely pathogenic variant and discuss its function. Results An ultrasound shows borderline ventriculomegaly, rotated cerebellar vermis, and dysgenetic corpus callosum. An MR study identify a short, thin corpus callosum, falcine sinus persistence, reduced cerebellar vermis size, wide inferior IV ventricle, and reduced pontine bulging. Discussion HUWE1 is a gene encoding an E3 ubitiquine ligase protein involved in nervous system development, function, and disease. The mechanisms by which HUWE1 gene affects nervous system are still largely unclear, but a growing body of literature described disease-causing variants in this gene. This report may help prenatal diagnostic experts in consider also this entity, especially when dealing with pontine and cerebellar hypoplasia findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario Tortora
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology (M.T., A.R., C.D.); Clinical Genetics Unit (E.C.), Department of Pediatrics; Clinical Genetics Unit (L.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Medical Genetics Laboratory (M.I.), Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Pediatric Neurology Unit (B.S.), Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit (A.M., A.N.), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome; Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini" (M.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, Milan; and Pediatric Neurology Unit (P.V.), "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Cattaneo
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology (M.T., A.R., C.D.); Clinical Genetics Unit (E.C.), Department of Pediatrics; Clinical Genetics Unit (L.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Medical Genetics Laboratory (M.I.), Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Pediatric Neurology Unit (B.S.), Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit (A.M., A.N.), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome; Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini" (M.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, Milan; and Pediatric Neurology Unit (P.V.), "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Luigina Spaccini
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology (M.T., A.R., C.D.); Clinical Genetics Unit (E.C.), Department of Pediatrics; Clinical Genetics Unit (L.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Medical Genetics Laboratory (M.I.), Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Pediatric Neurology Unit (B.S.), Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit (A.M., A.N.), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome; Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini" (M.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, Milan; and Pediatric Neurology Unit (P.V.), "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Iascone
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology (M.T., A.R., C.D.); Clinical Genetics Unit (E.C.), Department of Pediatrics; Clinical Genetics Unit (L.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Medical Genetics Laboratory (M.I.), Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Pediatric Neurology Unit (B.S.), Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit (A.M., A.N.), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome; Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini" (M.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, Milan; and Pediatric Neurology Unit (P.V.), "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Barbara Scelsa
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology (M.T., A.R., C.D.); Clinical Genetics Unit (E.C.), Department of Pediatrics; Clinical Genetics Unit (L.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Medical Genetics Laboratory (M.I.), Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Pediatric Neurology Unit (B.S.), Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit (A.M., A.N.), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome; Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini" (M.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, Milan; and Pediatric Neurology Unit (P.V.), "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Alessia Micalizzi
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology (M.T., A.R., C.D.); Clinical Genetics Unit (E.C.), Department of Pediatrics; Clinical Genetics Unit (L.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Medical Genetics Laboratory (M.I.), Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Pediatric Neurology Unit (B.S.), Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit (A.M., A.N.), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome; Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini" (M.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, Milan; and Pediatric Neurology Unit (P.V.), "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Antonio Novelli
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology (M.T., A.R., C.D.); Clinical Genetics Unit (E.C.), Department of Pediatrics; Clinical Genetics Unit (L.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Medical Genetics Laboratory (M.I.), Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Pediatric Neurology Unit (B.S.), Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit (A.M., A.N.), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome; Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini" (M.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, Milan; and Pediatric Neurology Unit (P.V.), "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Mariano Lanna
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology (M.T., A.R., C.D.); Clinical Genetics Unit (E.C.), Department of Pediatrics; Clinical Genetics Unit (L.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Medical Genetics Laboratory (M.I.), Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Pediatric Neurology Unit (B.S.), Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit (A.M., A.N.), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome; Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini" (M.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, Milan; and Pediatric Neurology Unit (P.V.), "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Righini
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology (M.T., A.R., C.D.); Clinical Genetics Unit (E.C.), Department of Pediatrics; Clinical Genetics Unit (L.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Medical Genetics Laboratory (M.I.), Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Pediatric Neurology Unit (B.S.), Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit (A.M., A.N.), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome; Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini" (M.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, Milan; and Pediatric Neurology Unit (P.V.), "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Pierangelo Veggiotti
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology (M.T., A.R., C.D.); Clinical Genetics Unit (E.C.), Department of Pediatrics; Clinical Genetics Unit (L.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Medical Genetics Laboratory (M.I.), Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Pediatric Neurology Unit (B.S.), Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit (A.M., A.N.), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome; Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini" (M.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, Milan; and Pediatric Neurology Unit (P.V.), "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Doneda
- From the Department of Pediatric Radiology and Neuroradiology (M.T., A.R., C.D.); Clinical Genetics Unit (E.C.), Department of Pediatrics; Clinical Genetics Unit (L.S.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Medical Genetics Laboratory (M.I.), Hospital Papa Giovanni XXIII, Bergamo; Pediatric Neurology Unit (B.S.), Department of Pediatrics, "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital - ASST Fatebenefratelli-Sacco, Milan; Translational Cytogenomics Research Unit (A.M., A.N.), IRCCS Bambino Gesù Pediatric Hospital, Rome; Fetal Therapy Unit "U. Nicolini" (M.L.), Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Buzzi Childrens' Hospital, Milan; and Pediatric Neurology Unit (P.V.), "Vittore Buzzi" Children's Hospital, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences "L. Sacco", University of Milan, Italy
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Santos-Rebouças CB, Boy R, Fernandes GNS, Gonçalves AP, Abdala BB, Gonzalez LGC, Dos Santos JM, Pimentel MMG. A novel Xp11.22 duplication involving HUWE1 in a male with syndromic intellectual disability and additional neurological findings. Eur J Med Genet 2023; 66:104716. [PMID: 36731745 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2023.104716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Revised: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sequence variants and duplications in the HECT, UBA and WWE domain -containing 1 (HUWE1) E3 ubiquitin ligase gene have been associated with X-linked mild to severe intellectual disability (ID), but a solid phenotype pattern among the affected males is still remaining to be established. Here, we report a male patient with sporadic, severe and syndromic ID, carrying a novel and unique 842 kb duplication at Xp11.22, including the dosage-sensitive HUWE1 gene and other fifteen curated RefSeq genes. Expression analysis in the patient and his female relatives confirmed increased HUWE1 mRNA levels, with different X-chromosome inactivation patterns among the female carriers. Our patient differs from those previously described by us and others as he presents encephalomalacia at brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging and diffuse bilaterally and synchronous intercritical irritating paroxysms at electroencephalogram. Overall, our clinical, molecular, and neurological findings sum up the previous data, expanding the phenotype spectrum in Xp11.22 copy gains involving the whole HUWE1 gene in both males and female carriers in light of X-chromosome inactivation patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia B Santos-Rebouças
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
| | - Raquel Boy
- Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela N S Fernandes
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa P Gonçalves
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca B Abdala
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Lucas G C Gonzalez
- Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jussara M Dos Santos
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia M G Pimentel
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Suthakaran N, Wiggins J, Giles A, Opperman KJ, Grill B, Dawson-Scully K. O-GlcNAc transferase OGT-1 and the ubiquitin ligase EEL-1 modulate seizure susceptibility in C. elegans. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0260072. [PMID: 34797853 PMCID: PMC8604358 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0260072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders such as epilepsy and autism have been linked to an imbalance of excitation and inhibition (E/I) in the central nervous system. The simplicity and tractability of C. elegans allows our electroconvulsive seizure (ES) assay to be used as a behavioral readout of the locomotor circuit and neuronal function. C. elegans possess conserved nervous system features such as gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) and GABA receptors in inhibitory neurotransmission, and acetylcholine (Ach) and acetylcholine receptors in excitatory neurotransmission. Our previously published data has shown that decreasing inhibition in the motor circuit, via GABAergic manipulation, will extend the time of locomotor recovery following electroshock. Similarly, mutations in a HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase called EEL-1 leads to impaired GABAergic transmission, E/I imbalance and altered sensitivity to electroshock. Mutations in the human ortholog of EEL-1, called HUWE1, are associated with both syndromic and non-syndromic intellectual disability. Both EEL-1 and its previously established binding protein, OGT-1, are expressed in GABAergic motor neurons, localize to GABAergic presynaptic terminals, and function in parallel to regulate GABA neuron function. In this study, we tested behavioral responses to electroshock in wildtype, ogt-1, eel-1 and ogt-1; eel-1 double mutants. Both ogt-1 and eel-1 null mutants have decreased inhibitory GABAergic neuron function and increased electroshock sensitivity. Consistent with EEL-1 and OGT-1 functioning in parallel pathways, ogt-1; eel-1 double mutants showed enhanced electroshock susceptibility. Expression of OGT-1 in the C. elegans nervous system rescued enhanced electroshock defects in ogt-1; eel-1 double mutants. Application of a GABA agonist, Baclofen, decreased electroshock susceptibility in all animals. Our C. elegans electroconvulsive seizure assay was the first to model a human X-linked Intellectual Disability (XLID) associated with epilepsy and suggests a potential novel role for the OGT-1/EEL-1 complex in seizure susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nirthieca Suthakaran
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jonathan Wiggins
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
| | - Andrew Giles
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, United States of America
| | - Karla J. Opperman
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Brock Grill
- Center for Integrative Brain Research, Seattle Children’s Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, United States of America
| | - Ken Dawson-Scully
- Department of Biological Sciences, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Abdala BB, Gonçalves AP, Dos Santos JM, Boy R, de Carvalho CMB, Grochowski CM, Krepischi ACV, Rosenberg C, Gusmão L, Pehlivan D, Pimentel MMG, Santos-Rebouças CB. Molecular and clinical insights into complex genomic rearrangements related to MECP2 duplication syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104367. [PMID: 34678473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/16/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
MECP2 duplication syndrome (MDS) is caused by copy number variation (CNV) spanning the MECP2 gene at Xq28 and is a major cause of intellectual disability (ID) in males. Herein, we describe two unrelated males harboring non-recurrent complex Xq28 rearrangements associated with MDS. Copy number gains were initially detected by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and further delineated by high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization, familial segregation, expression analysis and X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) evaluation in a carrier mother. SNVs within the rearrangements and/or fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) were used to assess the parental origin of the rearrangements. Patient 1 exhibited an intrachromosomal rearrangement, whose structure is consistent with a triplicated segment presumably embedded in an inverted orientation between two duplicated sequences (DUP-TRP/INV-DUP). The rearrangement was inherited from the carrier mother, who exhibits extreme XCI skewing and subtle psychiatric symptoms. Patient 2 presented a de novo (X;Y) unbalanced translocation resulting in duplication of Xq28 and deletion of Yp, originated in the paternal gametogenesis. Neurodevelopmental trajectory and non-neurological symptoms were consistent with previous reports, with the exception of cerebellar vermis hypoplasia in patient 2. Although both patients share the core MDS phenotype, patient 1 showed MECP2 transcript levels in blood similar to controls. Understanding the molecular mechanisms related to MDS is essential for designing targeted therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Barbosa Abdala
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa Pereira Gonçalves
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jussara Mendonça Dos Santos
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Boy
- Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Carla Rosenberg
- Department of Genetics and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Biosciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Leonor Gusmão
- DNA Diagnostic Laboratory (LDD), State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Davut Pehlivan
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA; Section of Neurology, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Texas, USA
| | - Márcia Mattos Gonçalves Pimentel
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Barros Santos-Rebouças
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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Di Palo A, Siniscalchi C, Salerno M, Russo A, Gravholt CH, Potenza N. What microRNAs could tell us about the human X chromosome. Cell Mol Life Sci 2020; 77:4069-4080. [PMID: 32356180 PMCID: PMC7854456 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-020-03526-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Revised: 03/18/2020] [Accepted: 04/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNA) are small-non coding RNAs endowed with great regulatory power, thus playing key roles not only in almost all physiological pathways, but also in the pathogenesis of several diseases. Surprisingly, genomic distribution analysis revealed the highest density of miRNA sequences on the X chromosome; this evolutionary conserved mammalian feature equips females with a larger miRNA machinery than males. However, miRNAs contribution to some X-related conditions, properties or functions is still poorly explored. With the aim to support and focus research in the field, this review analyzes the literature and databases about X-linked miRNAs, trying to understand how miRNAs could contribute to emerging gender-biased functions and pathological mechanisms, such as immunity and cancer. A fine map of miRNA sequences on the X chromosome is reported, and their known functions are discussed; in addition, bioinformatics functional analyses of the whole X-linked miRNA targetome (predicted and validated) were performed. The emerging scenario points to different gaps in the knowledge that should be filled with future experimental investigations, also in terms of possible implications and pathological perspectives for X chromosome aneuploidy syndromes, such as Turner and Klinefelter syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Armando Di Palo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Chiara Siniscalchi
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Mariacarolina Salerno
- Pediatric Endocrine Unit, Department of Translational Medical Sciences, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - Aniello Russo
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy
| | - Claus Højbjerg Gravholt
- Department of Endocrinology and Internal Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Nicoletta Potenza
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Caserta, Italy.
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Wang Q, Chen P, Liu J, Lou J, Liu Y, Yuan H. Xp11.22 duplications in four unrelated Chinese families: delineating the genotype-phenotype relationship for HSD17B10 and FGD1. BMC Med Genomics 2020; 13:66. [PMID: 32381089 PMCID: PMC7206777 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-020-0728-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Xp11.22 duplications have been reported to contribute to nonsyndromic intellectual disability (ID). The HUWE1 gene has been identified in all male Xp11.22 duplication patients and is associated with nonsyndromic ID. Currently, few Xp11.22 duplication cases have been reported in the Chinese population, with limited knowledge regarding the role of other genes in this interval. CASE PRESENTATION We investigated four unrelated Chinese male Xp11.22 duplication patients, performed a comprehensive clinical evaluation for the patients and discussed the role of other genes in this interval. All patients presented with similar clinical features, including ID, speech impairments and motor delay, which were mostly consistent with those of the Xp11.22 duplication described previously. We searched and compared all cases and noted that one of the probands (Family 1) and DECIPHER case 263,219, who carried small overlapping duplications at Xp11.22 that only covered the entire HSD17B10 gene, also suffered from ID, suggesting the important role of HSD17B10 in this interval. Furthermore, three patients (two probands in Families 3 and 4 and DECIPHER case 249,490) had strikingly similar hypogonadism phenotypes, including micropenis, small testes and cryptorchidism, which have not been previously described in Xp11.22 duplication patients. Interestingly, the FGD1 gene was duplicated only in these three patients. Sufficient evidence has suggested that haploinsufficiency of the FGD1 gene causes Aarskog-Scott syndrome, which is characterized by hypogonadism and other abnormalities. Given that, we are the first group to propose that FGD1 may be a potential dosage-sensitive gene responsible for the hypogonadism observed in our patients. CONCLUSION We reported novel genotypes and phenotypes in Chinese male Xp11.22 duplication patients, and the HSD17B10 and FGD1 genes may be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingming Wang
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523120, China
- Dongguan Institute of Reproductive and Genetic Research, Dongguan, 523120, China
| | - Pengliang Chen
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523120, China
| | - Jianxin Liu
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523120, China
| | - Jiwu Lou
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523120, China
- Dongguan Institute of Reproductive and Genetic Research, Dongguan, 523120, China
| | - Yanhui Liu
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523120, China.
- Dongguan Institute of Reproductive and Genetic Research, Dongguan, 523120, China.
| | - Haiming Yuan
- Dongguan Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital, Dongguan, 523120, China.
- Dongguan Institute of Reproductive and Genetic Research, Dongguan, 523120, China.
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Giles AC, Grill B. Roles of the HUWE1 ubiquitin ligase in nervous system development, function and disease. Neural Dev 2020; 15:6. [PMID: 32336296 PMCID: PMC7184716 DOI: 10.1186/s13064-020-00143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Huwe1 is a highly conserved member of the HECT E3 ubiquitin ligase family. Here, we explore the growing importance of Huwe1 in nervous system development, function and disease. We discuss extensive progress made in deciphering how Huwe1 regulates neural progenitor proliferation and differentiation, cell migration, and axon development. We highlight recent evidence indicating that Huwe1 regulates inhibitory neurotransmission. In covering these topics, we focus on findings made using both vertebrate and invertebrate in vivo model systems. Finally, we discuss extensive human genetic studies that strongly implicate HUWE1 in intellectual disability, and heighten the importance of continuing to unravel how Huwe1 affects the nervous system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew C Giles
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA
| | - Brock Grill
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, Jupiter, Florida, 33458, USA.
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Santos-Rebouças CB, Boy R, Vianna EQ, Gonçalves AP, Piergiorge RM, Abdala BB, Dos Santos JM, Calassara V, Machado FB, Medina-Acosta E, Pimentel MMG. Skewed X-Chromosome Inactivation and Compensatory Upregulation of Escape Genes Precludes Major Clinical Symptoms in a Female With a Large Xq Deletion. Front Genet 2020; 11:101. [PMID: 32194616 PMCID: PMC7064548 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2020.00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In mammalian females, X-chromosome inactivation (XCI) acts as a dosage compensation mechanism that equalizes X-linked genes expression between homo- and heterogametic sexes. However, approximately 12–23% of X-linked genes escape from XCI, being bi-allelic expressed. Herein, we report on genetic and functional data from an asymptomatic female of a Fragile X syndrome family, who harbors a large deletion on the X-chromosome. Array-CGH uncovered that the de novo, terminal, paternally originated 32 Mb deletion on Xq25-q28 spans 598 RefSeq genes, including escape and variable escape genes. Androgen receptor (AR) and retinitis pigmentosa 2 (RP2) methylation assays showed extreme skewed XCI ratios from both peripheral blood and buccal mucosa, silencing the abnormal X-chromosome. Surprisingly, transcriptome-wide analysis revealed that escape and variable escape genes spanning the deletion are mostly upregulated on the active X-chromosome, precluding major clinical/cognitive phenotypes in the female. Metaphase high count, hemizygosity concordance for microsatellite markers, and monoallelic expression of genes within the deletion suggest the absence of mosaicism in both blood and buccal mucosa. Taken together, our data suggest that an additional protective gene-by-gene mechanism occurs at the transcriptional level in the active X-chromosome to counterbalance detrimental phenotype effects of large Xq deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cíntia B Santos-Rebouças
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Raquel Boy
- Pedro Ernesto University Hospital, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Evelyn Q Vianna
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Andressa P Gonçalves
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael M Piergiorge
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Bianca B Abdala
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jussara M Dos Santos
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Veluma Calassara
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Filipe B Machado
- Department of Biological Sciences, Minas Gerais State University, Ubá, Brazil
| | - Enrique Medina-Acosta
- Laboratory of Biotechnology, State University of Northern Rio de Janeiro Darcy Ribeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia M G Pimentel
- Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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9
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Muthusamy B, Nguyen TT, Bandari AK, Basheer S, Selvan LDN, Chandel D, Manoj J, Gayen S, Seshagiri S, Chandra Girimaji S, Pandey A. Exome sequencing reveals a novel splice site variant in HUWE1 gene in patients with suspected Say-Meyer syndrome. Eur J Med Genet 2019; 63:103635. [PMID: 30797980 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2019.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2018] [Revised: 02/11/2019] [Accepted: 02/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Say-Meyer syndrome is a rare and clinically heterogeneous syndrome characterized by trigonocephaly, short stature, developmental delay and hypotelorism. Nine patients with this syndrome have been reported thus far although no causative gene has yet been identified. Here, we report two siblings with clinical phenotypes of Say-Meyer syndrome with moderate to severe intellectual disability and autism spectrum disorder. Cytogenetics and array-based comparative genomic hybridization did not reveal any chromosome abnormalities or copy number alterations. Exome sequencing of the patients revealed a novel X-linked recessive splice acceptor site variant c.145-2A > G in intron 5 of HUWE1 gene in both affected siblings. RT-PCR and sequencing revealed the use of an alternate cryptic splice acceptor site downstream, which led to deletion of six nucleotides resulting loss of two amino acids p.(Cys49-Glu50del) in HUWE1 protein. Deletion of these two amino acids, which are located in a highly conserved region, is predicted to be deleterious and quite likely to affect the function of HUWE1 protein. This is the first report of a potential candidate gene mutation for Say-Meyer syndrome, which was initially described four decades ago.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babylakshmi Muthusamy
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India; Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Thong T Nguyen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Metabolic Disease, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Aravind K Bandari
- Institute of Bioinformatics, International Technology Park, Bangalore, 560066, India; Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India; Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, 576104, Karnataka, India
| | - Salah Basheer
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | | | - Deepshikha Chandel
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Jesna Manoj
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India
| | - Srimonta Gayen
- Department of Molecular Reproduction, Development and Genetics, Division of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science, Bangalore, India
| | - Somasekar Seshagiri
- Department of Molecular Biology and Metabolic Disease, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, CA, 94080, USA
| | - Satish Chandra Girimaji
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, NIMHANS, Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India.
| | - Akhilesh Pandey
- Center for Molecular Medicine, National Institute of Mental Health and Neurosciences (NIMHANS), Hosur Road, Bangalore, 560029, India; Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA; Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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10
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Gonçalves TF, Piergiorge RM, Dos Santos JM, Gusmão J, Pimentel MMG, Santos-Rebouças CB. Network Profiling of Brain-Expressed X-Chromosomal MicroRNA Genes Implicates Shared Key MicroRNAs in Intellectual Disability. J Mol Neurosci 2019; 67:295-304. [PMID: 30604382 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-018-1235-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
MicroRNAs are endogenous non-protein-coding RNA molecules that regulate post-transcriptional gene expression. The majority of human miRNAs are brain-expressed and chromosome X is enriched in miRNA genes. We analyzed the genomic regions of 12 brain-expressed pre-miRNAs located on chromosome X coding for 18 mature miRNAs, aiming to investigate the involvement of miRNA sequence variants on X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). Genomic DNA samples from 135 unrelated Brazilian males with intellectual disability, suggestive of X-linked inheritance, were amplified through polymerase chain reaction and sequenced by Sanger sequencing. Although no sequence variations have been identified, suggesting an intense selective pressure, further computational analysis evidenced that eight mature miRNAs (miR-221-3p/222-3p, miR-223-3p, miR-361-5p, miR-362-5p, miR-504-5p.1, miR-505-3p.1, and miR-505-3p.2) act as critical regulators of X-linked and autosomal ID genes in a fully connected network. Enrichment approaches identify transcription regulation, nervous system development, and regulation of cell proliferation as the main common biological processes among the target ID genes. Besides, a clustered chromosomal coverage of the imputed miRNAs target genes and related regulators was found on X chromosome. Considering the role of miRNAs as fine-tuning regulators of gene expression, a systematic analysis of miRNAs' expression could uncover part of the genetic landscape subjacent to ID, being urgently necessary in patients with this condition, particularly XLID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thainá Fernandez Gonçalves
- Servgen, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael Mina Piergiorge
- Functional Genomics and Bioinformatics Laboratory, Fiocruz, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jussara Mendonça Dos Santos
- Servgen, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jaqueline Gusmão
- Laboratory of Fisheries Genetics and Conservation, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Márcia Mattos Gonçalves Pimentel
- Servgen, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Cíntia Barros Santos-Rebouças
- Servgen, Department of Genetics, Institute of Biology Roberto Alcantara Gomes, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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11
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Moortgat S, Lederer D, Deprez M, Buzatu M, Clapuyt P, Boulanger S, Benoit V, Mary S, Guichet A, Ziegler A, Colin E, Bonneau D, Maystadt I. Expanding the phenotypic spectrum associated with OPHN1 mutations: Report of 17 individuals with intellectual disability but no cerebellar hypoplasia. Eur J Med Genet 2018; 61:442-450. [PMID: 29510240 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2018.03.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Revised: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 03/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the oligophrenin 1 gene (OPHN1) have been identified in patients with X-linked intellectual disability (XLID) associated with cerebellar hypoplasia and ventriculomegaly, suggesting it could be a recognizable syndromic intellectual disability (ID). Affected individuals share additional clinical features including speech delay, seizures, strabismus, behavioral difficulties, and slight facial dysmorphism. OPHN1 is located in Xq12 and encodes a Rho-GTPase-activating protein involved in the regulation of the G-protein cycle. Rho protein members play an important role in dendritic growth and in plasticity of excitatory synapses. Here we report on 17 individuals from four unrelated families affected by mild to severe intellectual disability due to OPHN1 mutations without cerebellar anomaly on brain MRI. We describe clinical, genetic and neuroimaging data of affected patients. Among the identified OPHN1 mutations, we report for the first time a missense mutation occurring in a mosaic state. We discuss the intrafamilial clinical variability of the disease and compare our patients with those previously reported. We emphasize the power of next generation techniques (X-exome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing and targeted multi-gene panel) to expand the phenotypic and mutational spectrum of OPHN1-related ID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stéphanie Moortgat
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium.
| | - Damien Lederer
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marie Deprez
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium; Département de Neuro-pédiatrie, Clinique Sainte-Elisabeth, Namur, Belgium
| | - Marga Buzatu
- Département de Neuro-pédiatrie, Hôpital Civil Marie Curie, Charleroi, Belgium
| | - Philippe Clapuyt
- Department of Radiology, Pediatric Imaging Unit, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Université Catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sébastien Boulanger
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Valérie Benoit
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sandrine Mary
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Agnès Guichet
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital, and UMR INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, Angers, France
| | - Alban Ziegler
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital, and UMR INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, Angers, France
| | - Estelle Colin
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital, and UMR INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, Angers University Hospital, and UMR INSERM 1083, CNRS 6015, Angers, France
| | - Isabelle Maystadt
- Centre de Génétique Humaine, Institut de Pathologie et de Génétique, Charleroi, Gosselies, Belgium
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12
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Arican P, Cavusoglu D, Gencpinar P, Ozyilmaz B, Ozdemir TR, Dundar NO. A De Novo Xp11.23 Duplication in a Girl with a Severe Phenotype: Expanding the Clinical Spectrum. J Pediatr Genet 2017; 7:74-77. [PMID: 29707408 DOI: 10.1055/s-0037-1612598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The Xp11.22-p11.23 duplication syndrome was described in 2009 by Giorda et al and is characterized by intellectual disability, speech delay, and electroencephalography anomalies. We report a case of a 23-month-old girl who presented with epilepsy and global developmental delay and who had a small duplication at Xp11.23. The case we present here is the first case showing the clinical features of Xp11.22-p11.23 duplication syndrome only involving synovial sarcoma, X breakpoint ( SSX ) genes: SSX1 , SSX3 , SSX4 , and SSX9 . This case report contributes to an expanding clinical spectrum of Xp11.22-p11.23 duplication syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Arican
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Dilek Cavusoglu
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Pinar Gencpinar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Berk Ozyilmaz
- Department of Genetics, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Taha Resid Ozdemir
- Department of Genetics, Izmir Tepecik Education and Research Hospital, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Nihal Olgac Dundar
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
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13
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Impaired oxidative stress response characterizes HUWE1-promoted X-linked intellectual disability. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15050. [PMID: 29118367 PMCID: PMC5678168 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15380-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2017] [Accepted: 10/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the HECT, UBA and WWE domain-containing 1 (HUWE1) E3 ubiquitin ligase cause neurodevelopmental disorder X-linked intellectual disability (XLID). HUWE1 regulates essential processes such as genome integrity maintenance. Alterations in the genome integrity and accumulation of mutations have been tightly associated with the onset of neurodevelopmental disorders. Though HUWE1 mutations are clearly implicated in XLID and HUWE1 regulatory functions well explored, currently much is unknown about the molecular basis of HUWE1-promoted XLID. Here we showed that the HUWE1 expression is altered and mutation frequency increased in three different XLID individual (HUWE1 p.R2981H, p.R4187C and HUWE1 duplication) cell lines. The effect was most prominent in HUWE1 p.R4187C XLID cells and was accompanied with decreased DNA repair capacity and hypersensitivity to oxidative stress. Analysis of HUWE1 substrates revealed XLID-specific down-regulation of oxidative stress response DNA polymerase (Pol) λ caused by hyperactive HUWE1 p.R4187C. The subsequent restoration of Polλ levels counteracted the oxidative hypersensitivity. The observed alterations in the genome integrity maintenance may be particularly relevant in the cortical progenitor zones of human brain, as suggested by HUWE1 immunofluorescence analysis of cerebral organoids. These results provide evidence that impairments of the fundamental cellular processes, like genome integrity maintenance, characterize HUWE1-promoted XLID.
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14
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Grau C, Starkovich M, Azamian MS, Xia F, Cheung SW, Evans P, Henderson A, Lalani SR, Scott DA. Xp11.22 deletions encompassing CENPVL1, CENPVL2, MAGED1 and GSPT2 as a cause of syndromic X-linked intellectual disability. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0175962. [PMID: 28414775 PMCID: PMC5393878 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0175962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
By searching a clinical database of over 60,000 individuals referred for array-based CNV analyses and online resources, we identified four males from three families with intellectual disability, developmental delay, hypotonia, joint hypermobility and relative macrocephaly who carried small, overlapping deletions of Xp11.22. The maximum region of overlap between their deletions spanned ~430 kb and included two pseudogenes, CENPVL1 and CENPVL2, whose functions are not known, and two protein coding genes-the G1 to S phase transition 2 gene (GSPT2) and the MAGE family member D1 gene (MAGED1). Deletions of this ~430 kb region have not been previously implicated in human disease. Duplications of GSPT2 have been documented in individuals with intellectual disability, but the phenotypic consequences of a loss of GSPT2 function have not been elucidated in humans or mouse models. Changes in MAGED1 have not been associated with intellectual disability in humans, but loss of MAGED1 function is associated with neurocognitive and neurobehavioral phenotypes in mice. In all cases, the Xp11.22 deletion was inherited from an unaffected mother. Studies performed on DNA from one of these mothers did not show evidence of skewed X-inactivation. These results suggest that deletions of an ~430 kb region on chromosome Xp11.22 that encompass CENPVL1, CENPVL2, GSPT2 and MAGED1 cause a distinct X-linked syndrome characterized by intellectual disability, developmental delay, hypotonia, joint hypermobility and relative macrocephaly. Loss of GSPT2 and/or MAGED1 function may contribute to the intellectual disability and developmental delay seen in males with these deletions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Grau
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Molly Starkovich
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Mahshid S. Azamian
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Fan Xia
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, Unite States of America
| | - Sau Wai Cheung
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Baylor Genetics, Houston, Texas, Unite States of America
| | - Patricia Evans
- Departments of Pediatrics and Neurology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, Texas, United States of America
| | - Alex Henderson
- The Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals, Newcastle upon Tyne, England
| | - Seema R. Lalani
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
| | - Daryl A. Scott
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, United States of America
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15
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Abstract
Newly synthesized transmembrane proteins undergo a series of steps to ensure that only the required amount of correctly folded protein is localized to the membrane. The regulation of protein quality and its abundance at the membrane are often controlled by ubiquitination, a multistep enzymatic process that results in the attachment of ubiquitin, or chains of ubiquitin to the target protein. Protein ubiquitination acts as a signal for sorting, trafficking, and the removal of membrane proteins via endocytosis, a process through which multiple ubiquitin ligases are known to specifically regulate the functions of a number of ion channels, transporters, and signaling receptors. Endocytic removal of these proteins through ubiquitin-dependent endocytosis provides a way to rapidly downregulate the physiological outcomes, and defects in such controls are directly linked to human pathologies. Recent evidence suggests that ubiquitination is also involved in the shedding of membranes and associated proteins as extracellular vesicles, thereby not only controlling the cell surface levels of some membrane proteins, but also their potential transport to neighboring cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms and functions of ubiquitination of membrane proteins and provide specific examples of ubiquitin-dependent regulation of membrane proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Foot
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Tanya Henshall
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sharad Kumar
- Centre for Cancer Biology, University of South Australia, Adelaide, Australia
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16
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Chen LJ, Xu WM, Yang M, Wang K, Chen Y, Huang XJ, Ma QH. HUWE1 plays important role in mouse preimplantation embryo development and the dysregulation is associated with poor embryo development in humans. Sci Rep 2016; 6:37928. [PMID: 27901130 PMCID: PMC5128802 DOI: 10.1038/srep37928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
HUWE1 is a HECT domain containing ubiquitin ligase implicated in neurogenesis, spermatogenesis and cancer development. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the role of HUWE1 in early embryo development. Here we demonstrate that Huwe1 is expressed in both nucleus and cytoplasm of preimplantation mouse embryos as well as gametes. Hypoxia (5% O2) treatment could significantly increase Huwe1 expression during mouse embryo development process. HUWE1 knockdown inhibited normal embryonic development and reduced blastocyst formation, and increased apoptotic cell numbers were observed in the embryos of HUWE1 knockdown group. Human embryo staining result showed that reduced HUWE1 staining was observed in the poor-quality embryos. Furthermore, Western blot result showed that significantly reduced expression of HUWE1 was observed in the villi of miscarriage embryos compared with the normal control, indicating that reduced expression of HUWE1 is related to poor embryo development. Oxidative reagent, H2O2 inhibited HUWE1 expression in human sperm, indicating that HUWE1 expression in sperm is regulated by oxidative stress. In conclusion, these results suggest that HUWE1 protein could contribute to preimplantation embryo development and dysregulated expression of HUWE1 could be related to poor embryo development and miscarriage in IVF clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Chen
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic diseases, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China.,SCU-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, (Sichuan University), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - W M Xu
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic diseases, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China.,SCU-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, (Sichuan University), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - M Yang
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic diseases, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China.,SCU-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, (Sichuan University), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - K Wang
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic diseases, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China.,SCU-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, (Sichuan University), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - Y Chen
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic diseases, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China.,SCU-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, (Sichuan University), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
| | - X J Huang
- College of Animal Science &Technology, Nanjing Agriculture University, Nanjing, China
| | - Q H Ma
- Department of Obstetric and Gynecologic diseases, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China.,SCU-CUHK Joint Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, (Sichuan University), West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, P.R. China
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