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Kenny LA, Armstrong L, Berman M, Brierley J, Crossland D, Dark J, Gardiner D, Large SR, Manas D, Nassar M, Shaw D, Simpson E. Heart Transplantation and Donation After Circulatory Death in Children. A Review of the Technological, Logistical and Ethical Framework. Transpl Int 2025; 38:13801. [PMID: 40026599 PMCID: PMC11867792 DOI: 10.3389/ti.2025.13801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2025] [Indexed: 03/05/2025]
Abstract
Heart transplant for adults following Donation after Circulatory Death (DCD) is well established in many parts of the world, including the United Kingdom (UK). Small child DCD hearts have now been recovered in the UK and internationally utilising novel technologies. Despite these recent advances, extension of this practice to pediatric cardiac transplantation has been slow and difficult despite the severe shortage of donors for children leading to a high number of deaths annually of children waiting for heart transplant. This is in direct contrast with the thriving UK programme of adult DCD heart transplant and pediatric DCD donation for non-cardiac organs. There has been insufficient action in addressing this inequality thus far. Barriers to development of a pediatric cardiac DCD programme are multifaceted: ethical concerns, technological paucity, financial and logistical hurdles. We describe the background, live issues, current developments and how we are driving resources toward a sustainable DCD programme for small children in the UK to provide valuable insights to other countries of the elements and principles at play. This is a call to responsible bodies to take urgent and achievable actions to establish an equitable paediatric DCD cardiac programme for donors, recipients and their families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Amelia Kenny
- Paediatric Heart Unit, Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Congenital Heart Disease Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - Liz Armstrong
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Marius Berman
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joe Brierley
- Paediatric Intensive Care Unit, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - David Crossland
- Paediatric Heart Unit, Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
| | - John Dark
- Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, England, United Kingdom
| | - Dale Gardiner
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Intensive Care Unit, Nottingham University Hospitals NHS Trust, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Stephen Ralph Large
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Papworth Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Derek Manas
- Paediatric Heart Unit, Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- National Health Service Blood and Transplant, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Mohamed Nassar
- Paediatric Heart Unit, Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Congenital Heart Disease Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - David Shaw
- Institute of Biomedical Ethics, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Care and Public Health Research, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Emma Simpson
- Paediatric Heart Unit, Institute of Transplantation, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
- Congenital Heart Disease Research Group, Population Health Sciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, United Kingdom
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Etheridge-Bagley E. Barrett's Power Theory: Re-Conceptualizing the Pediatric Organ Donation Experience With Letter Writing. Nurs Sci Q 2022; 35:427-432. [PMID: 36171709 DOI: 10.1177/08943184221115146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric organ donation is often a time of reported turbulence and isolation for both families involved. Communication through letter writing is a way for those families to connect and heal, if they choose to participate. Barrett's Power as Knowing in Participation in Change Theory, with its accompanying health patterning, is applicable to this experience by facilitating awareness, choices, freedom to act intentionally, and involvement in the change process related to the pediatric organ donation process. Two families' experiences connected through organ donation and letter writing, as conceptualized through the lens of Barrett's Power Theory, supported future use of patterning of knowing participation in change for families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Etheridge-Bagley
- Christine E. Lynn College of Nursing, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, Florida, USA
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