1
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Wang Y, Liu Q, Liang S, Yao M, Zheng H, Hu D, Wang Y. Genetically predicted telomere length and the risk of 11 hematological diseases: a Mendelian randomization study. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:4270-4281. [PMID: 38393686 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Previous studies have demonstrated that various hematologic diseases (HDs) induce alterations in telomere length (TL). The aim of this study is to investigate whether genetically predicted changes in TL have an impact on the risk of developing HDs. METHODS GWAS data for TL and 11 HDs were extracted from the database. The R software package "TwoSampleMR" was employed to conduct a two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis, in order to estimate the influence of TL changes on the risk of developing the 11 HDs. RESULTS We examined the effect of TL changes on the risk of developing the 11 HDs. The IVW results revealed a significant causal association between genetically predicted longer TL and the risk of developing acute lymphocytic leukemia (ALL), acute myeloid leukemia (AML), chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), mantle cell lymphoma (MANTLE), and hodgkin lymphoma (HODGKIN). However, there was no significant causal relationship observed between TL changes and the risk of developing chronic myeloid leukemia (CML), diffuse large b-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), marginal zone b-cell lymphoma (MARGINAL), follicular lymphoma (FOLLICULAR), monocytic leukemia (MONOCYTIC), and mature T/NK-cell lymphomas (TNK). CONCLUSIONS The MR analysis revealed a positive association between genetically predicted longer TL and an increased risk of developing ALL, AML, CLL, MANTLE, and HODGKIN. This study further supports the notion that cells with longer TL have greater proliferative and mutational potential, leading to an increased risk of certain HDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yimin Wang
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Qi Liu
- The First Clinical Medical College, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shibing Liang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Minghao Yao
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huimin Zheng
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Dongqing Hu
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Yifei Wang
- Affiliated Hospital of Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
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2
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Gupta S, Craig JW. Classic Hodgkin lymphoma in young people. Semin Diagn Pathol 2023; 40:379-391. [PMID: 37451943 DOI: 10.1053/j.semdp.2023.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Classic Hodgkin lymphoma (CHL) is a unique form of lymphoid cancer featuring a heterogeneous tumor microenvironment and a relative paucity of malignant Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells with characteristic phenotype. Younger individuals (children, adolescents and young adults) are affected as often as the elderly, producing a peculiar bimodal age-incidence profile that has generated immense interest in this disease and its origins. Decades of epidemiological investigations have documented the populations most susceptible and identified multiple risk factors that can be broadly categorized as either biological or environmental in nature. Most risk factors result in overt immunodeficiency or confer more subtle alterations to baseline health, physiology or immune function. Epstein Barr virus, however, is both a risk factor and well-established driver of lymphomagenesis in a significant subset of cases. Epigenetic changes, along with the accumulation of somatic driver mutations and cytogenetic abnormalities are required for the malignant transformation of germinal center-experienced HRS cell precursors. Chromosomal instability and the influence of endogenous mutational processes are critical in this regard, by impacting genes involved in key signaling pathways that promote the survival and proliferation of HRS cells and their escape from immune destruction. Here we review the principal features, known risk factors and lymphomagenic mechanisms relevant to newly diagnosed CHL, with an emphasis on those most applicable to young people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srishti Gupta
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, 1215 Lee Street, 3rd Floor Hospital Expansion Room 3032, PO Box 800904, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - Jeffrey W Craig
- Department of Pathology, University of Virginia Health System, 1215 Lee Street, 3rd Floor Hospital Expansion Room 3032, PO Box 800904, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA.
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3
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de Lima MF, Freitas MO, Hamedani MK, Rangel-Pozzo A, Zhu XD, Mai S. Consecutive Inhibition of Telomerase and Alternative Lengthening Pathway Promotes Hodgkin's Lymphoma Cell Death. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2299. [PMID: 36140400 PMCID: PMC9496562 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10092299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere maintenance is key during cancer development. Malignant cells can either use telomerase or an alternative lengthening of telomere (ALT) pathway to maintain their telomere length. In Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL), the presence of telomerase activation is established. The activation of ALT has been reported recently. Our data confirm this notion describing co-localization of the phosphorylated form of telomeric repeat-binding factor 1 (pT371-TRF1) with ALT-associated promyelocytic leukemia bodies. Surprisingly, to our knowledge, there are no published studies targeting both telomere maintenance pathways in HL. Consequently, we investigated, for the first time, the effects of both telomerase and ALT inhibition on HL cell viability: We inhibited telomerase and/or ALT, given either individually, simultaneously, or consecutively. We report that the inhibition of telomerase using BIBR1532 followed by ALT inhibition, using trabectedin, caused a decrease of greater than 90% in cell viability in three patient-derived HL cell lines. Our results suggest that HL cells are most vulnerable to the consecutive inhibition of telomerase followed by ALT inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Fabiao de Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Monique Oliveira Freitas
- Genetic Service, Institute of Paediatrics and Puericulture Martagão Gesteira (IPPMG), Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ), Rio de Janeiro 21941-912, Brazil
| | - Mohammad K. Hamedani
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Aline Rangel-Pozzo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
| | - Xu-Dong Zhu
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, McMaster University, Hamilton, ON L8S 4K1, Canada
| | - Sabine Mai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada
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4
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de Lima MF, Lisboa MDO, Terceiro LEL, Rangel-Pozzo A, Mai S. Chromosome Territories in Hematological Malignancies. Cells 2022; 11:cells11081368. [PMID: 35456046 PMCID: PMC9028803 DOI: 10.3390/cells11081368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosomes are organized in distinct nuclear areas designated as chromosome territories (CT). The structural formation of CT is a consequence of chromatin packaging and organization that ultimately affects cell function. Chromosome positioning can identify structural signatures of genomic organization, especially for diseases where changes in gene expression contribute to a given phenotype. The study of CT in hematological diseases revealed chromosome position as an important factor for specific chromosome translocations. In this review, we highlight the history of CT theory, current knowledge on possible clinical applications of CT analysis, and the impact of CT in the development of hematological neoplasia such as multiple myeloma, leukemia, and lymphomas. Accumulating data on nuclear architecture in cancer allow one to propose the three-dimensional nuclear genomic landscape as a novel cancer biomarker for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matheus Fabiao de Lima
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
| | - Mateus de Oliveira Lisboa
- Core for Cell Technology, School of Medicine, Pontifícia Universidade Católica do Paraná—PUCPR, Curitiba 80215-901, Brazil;
| | - Lucas E. L. Terceiro
- Department of Pathology, Max Rady College of Medicine, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 3P5, Canada;
| | - Aline Rangel-Pozzo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Correspondence: (A.R.-P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +1-204-787-2135 (S.M.)
| | - Sabine Mai
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, CancerCare Manitoba Research Institute, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada;
- Correspondence: (A.R.-P.); (S.M.); Tel.: +1-204-787-2135 (S.M.)
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5
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Methylation of Subtelomeric Chromatin Modifies the Expression of the lncRNA TERRA, Disturbing Telomere Homeostasis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063271. [PMID: 35328692 PMCID: PMC8955364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) telomeric repeat-containing RNA (TERRA) has been associated with telomeric homeostasis, telomerase recruitment, and the process of chromosome healing; nevertheless, the impact of this association has not been investigated during the carcinogenic process. Determining whether changes in TERRA expression are a cause or a consequence of cell transformation is a complex task because studies are usually carried out using either cancerous cells or tumor samples. To determine the role of this lncRNA in cellular aging and chromosome healing, we evaluated telomeric integrity and TERRA expression during the establishment of a clone of untransformed myeloid cells. We found that reduced expression of TERRA disturbed the telomeric homeostasis of certain loci, but the expression of the lncRNA was affected only when the methylation of subtelomeric bivalent chromatin domains was compromised. We conclude that the disruption in TERRA homeostasis is a consequence of cellular transformation and that changes in its expression profile can lead to telomeric and genomic instability.
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6
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Imran SAM, Yazid MD, Cui W, Lokanathan Y. The Intra- and Extra-Telomeric Role of TRF2 in the DNA Damage Response. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22189900. [PMID: 34576063 PMCID: PMC8470803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22189900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2) has a well-known function at the telomeres, which acts to protect the telomere end from being recognized as a DNA break or from unwanted recombination. This protection mechanism prevents DNA instability from mutation and subsequent severe diseases caused by the changes in DNA, such as cancer. Since TRF2 actively inhibits the DNA damage response factors from recognizing the telomere end as a DNA break, many more studies have also shown its interactions outside of the telomeres. However, very little has been discovered on the mechanisms involved in these interactions. This review aims to discuss the known function of TRF2 and its interaction with the DNA damage response (DDR) factors at both telomeric and non-telomeric regions. In this review, we will summarize recent progress and findings on the interactions between TRF2 and DDR factors at telomeres and outside of telomeres.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti A. M. Imran
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.)
| | - Muhammad Dain Yazid
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.)
| | - Wei Cui
- Institute of Reproductive and Developmental Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, Du Cane Road, London W12 0NN, UK;
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Centre for Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaacob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur 56000, Malaysia; (S.A.M.I.); (M.D.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +603-9145-7704
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7
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Three-Dimensional Nuclear Telomere Profiling as a Biomarker for Recurrence in Oligodendrogliomas: A Pilot Study. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21228539. [PMID: 33198352 PMCID: PMC7696868 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21228539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/27/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mechanisms of recurrence in oligodendrogliomas are poorly understood. Recurrence might be driven by telomere dysfunction-mediated genomic instability. In a pilot study, we investigated ten patients with oligodendrogliomas at the time of diagnosis (first surgery) and after recurrence (second surgery) using three-dimensional nuclear telomere analysis performed with quantitative software TeloView® (Telo Genomics Corp, Toronto, Ontario, Canada). 1p/19q deletion status of each patient was determined by fluorescent in situ hybridization on touch preparation slides. We found that a very specific 3D telomeric profile was associated with two pathways of recurrence in oligodendrogliomas independent of their 1p/19q status: a first group of 8 patients displayed significantly different 3D telomere profiles between both surgeries (p < 0.0001). Their recurrence happened at a mean of 231.375 ± 117.42 days and a median time to progression (TTP) of 239 days, a period defined as short-term recurrence; and a second group of three patients displayed identical 3D telomere profiles between both surgery samples (p > 0.05). Their recurrence happened at a mean of 960.666 ± 86.19 days and a median TTP of 930 days, a period defined as long-term recurrence. Our results suggest a potential link between nuclear telomere architecture and telomere dysfunction with time to recurrence in oligodendrogliomas, independently of the 1p/19q status.
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8
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Molecular Pathogenesis of Hodgkin Lymphoma: Past, Present, Future. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21186623. [PMID: 32927751 PMCID: PMC7554683 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21186623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the tumorigenesis of classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) and the formation of Reed–Sternberg cells (RS-cells) has evolved drastically in the last decades. More recently, a better characterization of the signaling pathways and the cellular interactions at play have paved the way for new targeted therapy in the hopes of improving outcomes. However, important gaps in knowledge remain that may hold the key for significant changes of paradigm in this lymphoma. Here, we discuss the past, present, and future of cHL, and review in detail the more recent discoveries pertaining to genetic instability, anti-apoptotic signaling pathways, the tumoral microenvironment, and host-immune system evasion in cHL.
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9
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Hodgkin lymphoma: a review of pathological features and recent advances in pathogenesis. Pathology 2020; 52:154-165. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pathol.2019.09.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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10
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Drachenberg D, Awe JA, Rangel Pozzo A, Saranchuk J, Mai S. Advancing Risk Assessment of Intermediate Risk Prostate Cancer Patients. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11060855. [PMID: 31226731 PMCID: PMC6627662 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11060855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The individual risk to progression is unclear for intermediate risk prostate cancer patients. To assess their risk to progression, we examined the level of genomic instability in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) using quantitative three-dimensional (3D) telomere analysis. Data of CTCs from 65 treatment-naïve patients with biopsy-confirmed D’Amico-defined intermediate risk prostate cancer were compared to radical prostatectomy pathology results, which provided a clinical endpoint to the study and confirmed pre-operative pathology or demonstrated upgrading. Hierarchical centroid cluster analysis of 3D pre-operative CTC telomere profiling placed the patients into three subgroups with different potential risk of aggressive disease. Logistic regression modeling of the risk of progression estimated odds ratios with 95% confidence interval (CI) and separated patients into “stable” vs. “risk of aggressive” disease. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve showed an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.77, while prostate specific antigen (PSA) (AUC of 0.59) and Gleason 3 + 4 = 7 vs. 4 + 3 = 7 (p > 0.6) were unable to predict progressive or stable disease. The data suggest that quantitative 3D telomere profiling of CTCs may be a potential tool for assessing a patient’s prostate cancer pre-treatment risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darrel Drachenberg
- Manitoba Prostate Center, Cancer Care Manitoba, Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Julius A Awe
- University of Manitoba, Cell Biology, Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Aline Rangel Pozzo
- University of Manitoba, Cell Biology, Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Jeff Saranchuk
- Manitoba Prostate Center, Cancer Care Manitoba, Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Sabine Mai
- University of Manitoba, Cell Biology, Research Institute of Hematology and Oncology, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
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11
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Delfarah A, Parrish S, Junge JA, Yang J, Seo F, Li S, Mac J, Wang P, Fraser SE, Graham NA. Inhibition of nucleotide synthesis promotes replicative senescence of human mammary epithelial cells. J Biol Chem 2019; 294:10564-10578. [PMID: 31138644 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra118.005806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence is a mechanism by which cells permanently withdraw from the cell cycle in response to stresses including telomere shortening, DNA damage, or oncogenic signaling. Senescent cells contribute to both age-related degeneration and hyperplastic pathologies, including cancer. In culture, normal human epithelial cells enter senescence after a limited number of cell divisions, known as replicative senescence. Here, to investigate how metabolic pathways regulate replicative senescence, we used LC-MS-based metabolomics to analyze senescent primary human mammary epithelial cells (HMECs). We did not observe significant changes in glucose uptake or lactate secretion in senescent HMECs. However, analysis of intracellular metabolite pool sizes indicated that senescent cells exhibit depletion of metabolites from nucleotide synthesis pathways. Furthermore, stable isotope tracing with 13C-labeled glucose or glutamine revealed a dramatic blockage of flux of these two metabolites into nucleotide synthesis pathways in senescent HMECs. To test whether cellular immortalization would reverse these observations, we expressed telomerase in HMECs. In addition to preventing senescence, telomerase expression maintained metabolic flux from glucose into nucleotide synthesis pathways. Finally, we investigated whether inhibition of nucleotide synthesis in proliferating HMECs is sufficient to induce senescence. In proliferating HMECs, both pharmacological and genetic inhibition of ribonucleotide reductase regulatory subunit M2 (RRM2), a rate-limiting enzyme in dNTP synthesis, induced premature senescence with concomitantly decreased metabolic flux from glucose into nucleotide synthesis. Taken together, our results suggest that nucleotide synthesis inhibition plays a causative role in the establishment of replicative senescence in HMECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alireza Delfarah
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Sydney Parrish
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Jason A Junge
- the Translational Imaging Center, Molecular and Computational Biology, and
| | - Jesse Yang
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Frances Seo
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Si Li
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - John Mac
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Pin Wang
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science
| | - Scott E Fraser
- the Translational Imaging Center, Molecular and Computational Biology, and
| | - Nicholas A Graham
- From the Mork Family Department of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, .,the Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California 90089
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12
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Rangel-Pozzo A, Corrêa de Souza D, Schmid-Braz AT, de Azambuja AP, Ferraz-Aguiar T, Borgonovo T, Mai S. 3D Telomere Structure Analysis to DetectGenomic Instability and Cytogenetic Evolutionin Myelodysplastic Syndromes. Cells 2019; 8:cells8040304. [PMID: 30987070 PMCID: PMC6526472 DOI: 10.3390/cells8040304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2019] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The disease course of myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) features chromosome instability and clonal evolution, leading to the sequential acquisition of novel cytogenetic aberrations and the accumulation of these abnormalities in the bone marrow. Although clonal cytogenetic abnormalities can be detected by conventional cytogenetics in 50% of patients with MDS, such distinguishing patterns are lacking in the other 50%. Despite the increase in the prognostic value of some biomarkers, none of them is specific and able to discriminate between stable and unstable patients that subsequently progress to acute myeloid leukemia. This pilot study aimed to investigate the potential use of the 3D telomere profiling to detect genomic instability in MDS patients with or without clonal cytogenetic evolution. The comparison between different time points in patients with cytogenetic changes showed that in the CD34+ MDS cells, there was a significant decrease in the total number of telomeric signals, the average intensity of signals and the total intensity of telomeres. By contrast, the number of aggregates increased during cytogenetic evolution (p < 0.001). This pattern was observed only for MDS patients with cytogenetic evolution but was absent in patients without cytogenetic changes. In conclusion, we demonstrated that the 3D nuclear telomere organization was significantly altered during the MDS disease course, and may have contributed to cytogenetic clonal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline Rangel-Pozzo
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, The Genomic Centre for Cancer Research and Diagnosis, R3E 0V9 Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
| | - Daiane Corrêa de Souza
- Arthur Siqueira Cavalcanti Hematology Institute (HEMORIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-030, Brazil.
| | - Ana Teresa Schmid-Braz
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital das Clínicas, Curitiba, Paraná 80060-240, Brazil.
| | - Ana Paula de Azambuja
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital das Clínicas, Curitiba, Paraná 80060-240, Brazil.
| | - Thais Ferraz-Aguiar
- Arthur Siqueira Cavalcanti Hematology Institute (HEMORIO), Rio de Janeiro 20211-030, Brazil.
| | - Tamara Borgonovo
- Universidade Federal do Paraná, Hospital das Clínicas, Curitiba, Paraná 80060-240, Brazil.
| | - Sabine Mai
- Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, The Genomic Centre for Cancer Research and Diagnosis, R3E 0V9 Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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13
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Mai S. Introduction to the special issue "3D nuclear architecture of the genome". Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2019; 58:405-406. [PMID: 30851140 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 02/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mai
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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14
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Gadji M, Pozzo AR. From cellular morphology to molecular and epigenetic anomalies of myelodysplastic syndromes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 58:474-483. [PMID: 30303583 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a myeloid neoplasm with a propensity for natural evolution or transformation to acute leukemias (AL) over time. Mechanisms for MDS transformation to AL remain poorly understood but are related to genomic instability, which affects the production of the different cell lineages. Genomic instability is also generated by dysfunctional telomeres. Indeed telomeres, the protective ends of chromosomes are the backbone of genome stability. Nuclear telomere remodeling is an early indicator of nuclear remodeling preceding the onset of genomic instability and MDS. This review aims to revisit the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of MDS from morphology and cytogenetics to molecular and epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, this review will highlight and discuss recent breakthroughs in dysfunctional telomeres and nuclear telomere architecture roles in the pathogenesis and physiopathology of MDS in the global context of genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macoura Gadji
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba (UfM), Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), CancerCare Manitoba (CCMB), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Odontology (FMPO), Service of Hematology, National Centre of Blood Transfusion (CNTS), University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aline Rangel Pozzo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba (UfM), Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), CancerCare Manitoba (CCMB), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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15
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Caria P, Dettori T, Frau DV, Lichtenzstejn D, Pani F, Vanni R, Mai S. Characterizing the three-dimensional organization of telomeres in papillary thyroid carcinoma cells. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5175-5185. [PMID: 30328617 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 08/03/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The relationship between the three-dimensional (3D) nuclear telomere architecture and specific genetic alterations in papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), in particular in cancer stem-like cells (CSLCs), has not yet been investigated. We isolated thyrospheres containing CSLCs from B-CPAP, K1, and TPC-1 PTC-derived cell lines, representative of tumors with different genetic backgrounds within the newly identified BRAFV600E -like PTC subgroup, and used immortalized normal human thyrocytes (Nthy-ori 3.1) as control. We performed quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization, 3D imaging, and 3D telomere analysis using TeloView software to examine telomere dysfunction in both parental and thyrosphere cells. Among the 3D telomere profile, a wide heterogeneity was observed, except for telomere intensity. Our findings indicate that CSLCs of each cell line had longer telomeres than parental cells, according to telomere intensity values, which correlate with telomere length. Indeed, the thyrosphere cells had lower numbers of lower-intensity telomeres (≤5,000 arbitrary fluorescent units, a.u.), compared with parental cancer cells, as well as parental control cells, (p < 0.0001). The B-CPAP thyrospheres showed a decreased number of higher intensity telomeres (>17,000 a.u.) than K1 and TPC-1 cells, as well as control cells (p < 0.0001). By selecting PTC-derived cell lines with different genetic backgrounds characteristic of BRAFV600E -like PTC subgroups, we demonstrate that thyrosphere cells with BRAFV600E and TP53 mutations show shorter telomeres than those harboring RET/PTC or BRAFV600E and wild-type TP53. Hence, our data reveal a trend towards a decrease in telomere shortening in CSLCs, representing the early cancer-promoting subpopulation, as opposed to parental cells representing the tumor bulk cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Caria
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Tinuccia Dettori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | | | - Daniel Lichtenzstejn
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Fabiana Pani
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Roberta Vanni
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
| | - Sabine Mai
- Department of Cell Biology, Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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16
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Distinct 3D Structural Patterns of Lamin A/C Expression in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg Cells. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10090286. [PMID: 30149530 PMCID: PMC6162537 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10090286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL) is a B-Cell lymphoma comprised of mononuclear Hodgkin cells (H) and bi- to multi-nucleated Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells. Previous studies revealed that H and RS cells express lamin A/C, a component of the lamina of the nuclear matrix. Since no information was available about the three-dimensional (3D) expression patterns of lamin A/C in H and RS cells, we analyzed the 3D spatial organization of lamin in such cells, using 3D fluorescent microscopy. H and RS cells from cHL derived cell lines stained positive for lamin A/C, in contrast to peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBLs), in which the lamin A/C protein was not detected or weak, although its presence could be transiently increased with lymphocyte activation by lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Most importantly, in H and RS cells, the regular homogeneous and spherically shaped lamin A/C pattern, identified in activated lymphocytes, was absent. Instead, in H and RS cells, lamin staining showed internal lamin A/C structures, subdividing the nuclei into two or more smaller compartments. Analysis of pre-treatment cHL patients' samples replicated the lamin patterns identified in cHL cell lines. We conclude that the investigation of lamin A/C protein could be a useful tool for understanding nuclear remodeling in cHL.
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17
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M'kacher R, Cuceu C, Al Jawhari M, Morat L, Frenzel M, Shim G, Lenain A, Hempel WM, Junker S, Girinsky T, Colicchio B, Dieterlen A, Heidingsfelder L, Borie C, Oudrhiri N, Bennaceur-Griscelli A, Moralès O, Renaud S, Van de Wyngaert Z, Jeandidier E, Delhem N, Carde P. The Transition between Telomerase and ALT Mechanisms in Hodgkin Lymphoma and Its Predictive Value in Clinical Outcomes. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:E169. [PMID: 29848986 PMCID: PMC6025489 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10060169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: We analyzed telomere maintenance mechanisms (TMMs) in lymph node samples from HL patients treated with standard therapy. The TMMs correlated with clinical outcomes of patients. Materials and Methods: Lymph node biopsies obtained from 38 HL patients and 24 patients with lymphadenitis were included in this study. Seven HL cell lines were used as in vitro models. Telomerase activity (TA) was assessed by TRAP assay and verified through hTERT immunofluorescence expression; alternative telomere lengthening (ALT) was also assessed, along with EBV status. Results: Both TA and ALT mechanisms were present in HL lymph nodes. Our findings were reproduced in HL cell lines. The highest levels of TA were expressed in CD30-/CD15- cells. Small cells were identified with ALT and TA. Hodgkin and Reed Sternberg cells contained high levels of PML bodies, but had very low hTERT expression. There was a significant correlation between overall survival (p < 10-3), event-free survival (p < 10-4), and freedom from progression (p < 10-3) and the presence of an ALT profile in lymph nodes of EBV+ patients. Conclusion: The presence of both types of TMMs in HL lymph nodes and in HL cell lines has not previously been reported. TMMs correlate with the treatment outcome of EBV+ HL patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Radhia M'kacher
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et d'Oncologie, IRCM/DSV/CEA, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
- Cell Environment, DNA Damages R&D, Oncology Section, 75020 Paris, France.
| | - Corina Cuceu
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et d'Oncologie, IRCM/DSV/CEA, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
| | - Mustafa Al Jawhari
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et d'Oncologie, IRCM/DSV/CEA, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
| | - Luc Morat
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et d'Oncologie, IRCM/DSV/CEA, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
| | - Monika Frenzel
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et d'Oncologie, IRCM/DSV/CEA, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
| | - Grace Shim
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et d'Oncologie, IRCM/DSV/CEA, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
| | - Aude Lenain
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et d'Oncologie, IRCM/DSV/CEA, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
| | - William M Hempel
- Laboratoire de Radiobiologie et d'Oncologie, IRCM/DSV/CEA, 92265 Fontenay aux Roses, France.
| | - Steffen Junker
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Aarhus, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Theodore Girinsky
- Department of Radiation Therapy, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94808 Villejuif, France.
| | - Bruno Colicchio
- IRIMAS, Institut de Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal, Université de Haute-Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse, France.
| | - Alain Dieterlen
- IRIMAS, Institut de Recherche en Informatique, Mathématiques, Automatique et Signal, Université de Haute-Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse, France.
| | | | - Claire Borie
- Université Paris Sud, Service d'hématologie moléculaire et cytogénétique Paul brousse CHU paris Sud, Inserm UMRS935, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Noufissa Oudrhiri
- Université Paris Sud, Service d'hématologie moléculaire et cytogénétique Paul brousse CHU paris Sud, Inserm UMRS935, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Annelise Bennaceur-Griscelli
- Université Paris Sud, Service d'hématologie moléculaire et cytogénétique Paul brousse CHU paris Sud, Inserm UMRS935, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Olivier Moralès
- CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-Immunoregulation of Virus-induced Cancers Team, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Sarah Renaud
- CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-Immunoregulation of Virus-induced Cancers Team, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Zoé Van de Wyngaert
- CHRU Lille Service des Maladies du Sang, Hopital Huriez, 59000 Lille, France.
| | - Eric Jeandidier
- Service de génétique, Groupe hospitalier de la région de Mulhouse Sud-Alsace, 68093 Mulhouse, France.
| | - Nadira Delhem
- CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-Immunoregulation of Virus-induced Cancers Team, F-59000 Lille, France.
| | - Patrice Carde
- Department of Medicine, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94808 Villejuif, France.
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18
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Cuceu C, Hempel WM, Sabatier L, Bosq J, Carde P, M'kacher R. Chromosomal Instability in Hodgkin Lymphoma: An In-Depth Review and Perspectives. Cancers (Basel) 2018; 10:cancers10040091. [PMID: 29587466 PMCID: PMC5923346 DOI: 10.3390/cancers10040091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2018] [Revised: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The study of Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), with its unique microenvironment and long-term follow-up, has provided exceptional insights into several areas of tumor biology. Findings in HL have not only improved our understanding of human carcinogenesis, but have also pioneered its translation into the clinics. HL is a successful paradigm of modern treatment strategies. Nonetheless, approximately 15–20% of patients with advanced stage HL still die following relapse or progressive disease and a similar proportion of patients are over-treated, leading to treatment-related late sequelae, including solid tumors and organ dysfunction. The malignant cells in HL are characterized by a highly altered genomic landscape with a wide spectrum of genomic alterations, including somatic mutations, copy number alterations, complex chromosomal rearrangements, and aneuploidy. Here, we review the chromosomal instability mechanisms in HL, starting with the cellular origin of neoplastic cells and the mechanisms supporting HL pathogenesis, focusing particularly on the role of the microenvironment, including the influence of viruses and macrophages on the induction of chromosomal instability in HL. We discuss the emerging possibilities to exploit these aberrations as prognostic biomarkers and guides for personalized patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corina Cuceu
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - William M Hempel
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - Laure Sabatier
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
| | - Jacques Bosq
- Departement of Anapathology, Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94805 Villejuif, France.
| | - Patrice Carde
- Department of Hematology Gustave Roussy Cancer Campus, 94800 Villejuif, France.
| | - Radhia M'kacher
- Laboratory of Radiobiology and Oncology and PROCyTOX, DRF, CEA, 91534 Paris-Saclay, France.
- Cell Environment, DNA damages R&D, Oncology section, 75020 Paris, France.
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19
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Wyatt MD, Reilly NM, Patel S, Rajesh P, Schools GP, Smiraldo PG, Pittman DL. Thiopurine-induced mitotic catastrophe in Rad51d-deficient mammalian cells. ENVIRONMENTAL AND MOLECULAR MUTAGENESIS 2018; 59:38-48. [PMID: 28945288 PMCID: PMC5771848 DOI: 10.1002/em.22138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Thiopurines are part of a clinical regimen used for the treatment of autoimmune disorders and childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. However, despite these successes, there are also unintended consequences such as therapy-induced cancer in long-term survivors. Therefore, a better understanding of cellular responses to thiopurines will lead to improved and personalized treatment strategies. RAD51D is an important component of homologous recombination (HR), and our previous work established that mammalian cells defective for RAD51D are more sensitive to the thiopurine 6-thioguanine (6TG) and have dramatically increased numbers of multinucleated cells and chromosome instability. 6TG is capable of being incorporated into telomeres, and interestingly, RAD51D contributes to telomere maintenance, although the precise function of RAD51D at the telomeres remains unclear. We sought here to investigate: (1) the activity of RAD51D at telomeres, (2) the contribution of RAD51D to protect against 6TG-induced telomere damage, and (3) the fates of Rad51d-deficient cells following 6TG treatment. These results demonstrate that RAD51D is required for maintaining the telomeric 3' overhangs. As measured by γ-H2AX induction and foci formation, 6TG induced DNA damage in Rad51d-proficient and Rad51d-deficient cells. However, the extent of γ-H2AX telomere localization following 6TG treatment was higher in Rad51d-deficient cells than in Rad51d-proficient cells. Using live-cell imaging of 6TG-treated Rad51d-deficient cells, two predominant forms of mitotic catastrophe were found to contribute to the formation of multinucleated cells, failed division and restitution. Collectively, these findings provide a unique window into the role of the RAD51D HR protein during thiopurine induction of mitotic catastrophe. Environ. Mol. Mutagen. 59:38-48, 2018. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D. Wyatt
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | - Nicole M. Reilly
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | - Shikha Patel
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | - Preeti Rajesh
- Department of Biotechnology, Sri Guru Granth Sahib World University, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab, India-140406
| | - Gary P. Schools
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
| | | | - Douglas L. Pittman
- Department of Drug Discovery and Biomedical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia SC 29208
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20
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Liu J, Qu Y, Wang G, Wang X, Zhang W, Li J, Wang Z, Li D, Jiang J. Study of morphological and mechanical features of multinuclear and mononuclear SW480 cells by atomic force microscopy. Microsc Res Tech 2017; 81:3-12. [PMID: 28990709 DOI: 10.1002/jemt.22950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2017] [Revised: 07/22/2017] [Accepted: 09/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
This article studies the morphological and mechanical features of multinuclear and mononuclear SW480 colon cancer cells by atomic force microscopy to understand their drug-resistance. The SW480 cells were incubated with the fullerenol concentrations of 1 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml. Morphological and mechanical features including the height, length, width, roughness, adhesion force and Young's modulus of three multinuclear cell groups and three mononuclear cell groups were imaged and analyzed. It was observed that the features of multinuclear cancer cells and mononuclear cancer cells were significantly different after the treatment with fullerenol. The experiment results indicated that the mononuclear SW480 cells were more sensitive to fullerenol than the multinuclear SW480 cells, and the multinuclear SW480 cells exhibited a stronger drug-resistance than the mononuclear SW480 cells. This work provides a guideline for the treatments of multinuclear and mononuclear cancer cells with drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyun Liu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.,Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, United Kingdom
| | - Yingmin Qu
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Guoliang Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Xinyue Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Wenxiao Zhang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Jingmei Li
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China
| | - Zuobin Wang
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.,Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, United Kingdom
| | - Dayou Li
- International Research Centre for Nano Handling and Manufacturing of China, Changchun University of Science and Technology, Changchun, 130022, China.,Institute for Research in Applicable Computing, University of Bedfordshire, Luton, LU1 3JU, United Kingdom
| | - Jinlan Jiang
- Scientific Research Centre of China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University, Changchun, 130033, China
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21
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Disruption of direct 3D telomere-TRF2 interaction through two molecularly disparate mechanisms is a hallmark of primary Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells. J Transl Med 2017; 97:772-781. [PMID: 28436953 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2017.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2016] [Revised: 01/22/2017] [Accepted: 02/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
In classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL), specific changes in the 3D telomere organization cause progression from mononuclear Hodgkin cells (H) to multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells (RS). In a post-germinal center B-cell in vitro model, permanent latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) expression, as observed in Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-associated cHL, results in multinuclearity and complex chromosomal aberrations through downregulation of key element of the shelterin complex, the telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2). Thus, we hypothesized that the three-dimensional (3D) telomere-TRF2 interaction was progressively disturbed during transition from H to RS cells. To this end, we developed and applied for the first time a combined quantitative 3D TRF2-telomere immune fluorescent in situ hybridization (3D TRF2/Telo-Q-FISH) technique to monolayers of primary H and RS cells, and adjacent benign internal control lymphocytes of lymph node biopsy suspensions from diagnostic lymph node biopsies of 14 patients with cHL. We show that H and RS cells are characterized by two distinct patterns of disruption of 3D telomere-TRF2 interaction. Disruption pattern A is defined by massive attrition of telomere signals and a considerable increase of TRF2 signals not associated with telomeres. This pattern is restricted to EBV-negative cHL. Disruption pattern B is defined by telomere de-protection due to an impressive loss of TRF2 signals, physically linked to telomeres. This pattern is typical of, but is not restricted to, LMP1+EBV-associated cHL. In the disruption pattern B group, so-called 'ghost' end-stage RS cells, void of both TRF2 and telomere signals, were identified, whether or not associated with EBV. Our findings demonstrate that two molecularly disparate mechanisms converge on the level of 3D telomere-TRF2 interaction in the formation of RS cells.
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22
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Knecht H, Mai S. LMP1 and Dynamic Progressive Telomere Dysfunction: A Major Culprit in EBV-Associated Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Viruses 2017; 9:v9070164. [PMID: 28654015 PMCID: PMC5537656 DOI: 10.3390/v9070164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2017] [Revised: 06/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV)-encoded latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) is expressed in germinal-center-derived, mononuclear Hodgkin (H) and multinuclear, diagnostic Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells in classical EBV-positive Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). LMP1 expression in EBV-negative H-cell lines results in a significantly increased number of RS cells. In a conditional, germinal-center-derived B-cell in vitro system, LMP1 reversibly down-regulates the shelterin proteins, telomeric repeat binding factor (TRF)1, TRF2, and protection of telomeres (POT)1. This down-regulation is associated with progressive 3D shelterin disruption, resulting in telomere dysfunction, progression of complex chromosomal rearrangements, and multinuclearity. TRF2 appears to be the key player. Thus, we hypothesize that the 3D interaction of telomeres and TRF2 is disrupted in H cells, and directly associated with the formation of H and RS cells. Using quantitative 3D co-immuno-TRF2-telomere fluorescent in situ hybridization (3D TRF2/Telo-Q-FISH) applied to monolayers of primary H and RS cells, we demonstrate TRF2-telomere dysfunction in EBV-positive cHL. However, in EBV-negative cHL a second molecular mechanism characterized by massive up-regulation of TRF2, but attrition of telomere signals, is also identified. These facts point towards a shelterin-related pathogenesis of cHL, where two molecularly disparate mechanisms converge at the level of 3D Telomere-TRF2 interactions, leading to the formation of RS cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Knecht
- Division of Haematology, Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, Montréal, QC H3T 1E2, Canada.
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, The Genomic Centre for Cancer Research and Diagnosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
| | - Sabine Mai
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, The Genomic Centre for Cancer Research and Diagnosis, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB R3E 0V9, Canada.
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23
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Knecht H, Mai S. The Use of 3D Telomere FISH for the Characterization of the Nuclear Architecture in EBV-Positive Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1532:93-104. [PMID: 27873269 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6655-4_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The 3D nuclear architecture is closely related to cellular functions and chromosomes are organized in distinct territories. Quantitative 3D telomere FISH analysis (3D Q-FISH) and 3D super-resolution imaging (3D-SIM) at a resolution up to 80 nm as well as the recently developed combined quantitative 3D TRF2-telomere immune FISH technique (3D TRF2/Telo-Q-FISH) have substantially contributed to elucidate molecular pathogenic mechanisms of hematological diseases. Here we report the methods we applied to uncover major molecular steps involved in the pathogenesis of EBV-associated Hodgkin's lymphoma. These methods allowed us to identify the EBV-encoded oncoprotein LMP1 as a key element in the formation of Hodgkin (H-cell) and multinucleated Reed-Sternberg cells (RS-cell), the diagnostic tumor cell of classical Hodgkin's lymphoma (cHL). LMP1 mediates multinuclearity through downregulation of shelterin proteins, in particular telomere repeat binding factor 2 (TRF2).
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Knecht
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Jewish General Hospital, McGill University, 3755, Chemin de la Côte Ste-Catherine, Montréal, Québec, Canada, H3T 1E2.
| | - Sabine Mai
- Genomic Center for Cancer Research and Diagnosis, Cell Biology, Univeristy of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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24
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Taylor‐Kashton C, Lichtensztejn D, Baloglu E, Senapedis W, Shacham S, Kauffman MG, Kotb R, Mai S. XPO1 Inhibition Preferentially Disrupts the 3D Nuclear Organization of Telomeres in Tumor Cells. J Cell Physiol 2016; 231:2711-9. [PMID: 26991404 PMCID: PMC5111786 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.25378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Previous work has shown that the three-dimensional (3D) nuclear organization of telomeres is altered in cancer cells and the degree of alterations coincides with aggressiveness of disease. Nuclear pores are essential for spatial genome organization and gene regulation and XPO1 (exportin 1/CRM1) is the key nuclear export protein. The Selective Inhibitor of Nuclear Export (SINE) compounds developed by Karyopharm Therapeutics (KPT-185, KPT-330/selinexor, and KPT-8602) inhibit XPO1 nuclear export function. In this study, we investigated whether XPO1 inhibition has downstream effects on the 3D nuclear organization of the genome. This was assessed by measuring the 3D telomeric architecture of normal and tumor cells in vitro and ex vivo. Our data demonstrate for the first time a rapid and preferential disruption of the 3D nuclear organization of telomeres in tumor cell lines and in primary cells ex vivo derived from treatment-naïve newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients. Normal primary cells in culture as well as healthy lymphocyte control cells from the same patients were minimally affected. Using both lymphoid and non-lymphoid tumor cell lines, we found that the downstream effects on the 3D nuclear telomere structure are independent of tumor type. We conclude that the 3D nuclear organization of telomeres is a sensitive indicator of cellular response when treated with XPO1 inhibitors. J. Cell. Physiol. 231: 2711-2719, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl Taylor‐Kashton
- Manitoba Institute of Cell BiologyCancerCare ManitobaUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | - Daniel Lichtensztejn
- Manitoba Institute of Cell BiologyCancerCare ManitobaUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sabine Mai
- Manitoba Institute of Cell BiologyCancerCare ManitobaUniversity of ManitobaWinnipegCanada
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25
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Gopas J, Stern E, Zurgil U, Ozer J, Ben-Ari A, Shubinsky G, Braiman A, Sinay R, Ezratty J, Dronov V, Balachandran S, Benharroch D, Livneh E. Reed-Sternberg cells in Hodgkin's lymphoma present features of cellular senescence. Cell Death Dis 2016; 7:e2457. [PMID: 27831553 PMCID: PMC5287295 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Hodgkin's Lymphoma (HL) is one of the most prevailing malignancies in young adults. Reed–Sternberg (RS) cells in HL have distinctive large cell morphology, are characteristic of the disease and their presence is essential for diagnosis. Enlarged cells are one of the hallmarks of senescence, but whether RS cells are senescent has not been previously investigated. Here we show that RS cells have characteristics of senescent cells; RS cells in HL biopsies specifically express the senescence markers and cell cycle inhibitors p21Cip1 and p16INK4a and are negative for the proliferation marker Ki-67, suggesting that these cells have ceased to proliferate. Moreover, the RS-like cells in HL lines, stained specifically for senescence-associated β-galactosidase (SA-β-gal). Oxidative stress promoted senescence in these cells as demonstrated by their staining for p21Cip1, p16INK4a, p53 and γH2AX. Senescent cells produce copious amounts of inflammatory cytokines termed ‘senescence-associated secretory phenotype' (SASP), primarily regulated by Nuclear Factor κB (NF-κB). Indeed, we show that NF-κB activity and NF-κB-dependent cytokines production (e.g., IL-6, TNF-α, GM-CSF) were elevated in RS-like cells. Furthermore, NF-κB inhibitors, JSH-23 and curcumin reduced IL-6 secretion from RS-like cells. Thus, defining RS cells as senescent offers new insights on the origin of the proinflammatory microenvironment in HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gopas
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.,Department of Oncology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - E Stern
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - U Zurgil
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - J Ozer
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - A Ben-Ari
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - G Shubinsky
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel.,Flow Cytometry Unit, Hematology Laboratory and Institute of Hematology, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - A Braiman
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - R Sinay
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - J Ezratty
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - V Dronov
- Department of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - S Balachandran
- Blood Cell Development and Function Program, Fox Chase Cancer Center, Philadelphia, PA 19111, USA
| | - D Benharroch
- Department of Pathology, Soroka University Medical Center, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - E Livneh
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology Immunology and Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ben Gurion University of The Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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Kuzyk A, Gartner J, Mai S. Identification of Neuroblastoma Subgroups Based on Three-Dimensional Telomere Organization. Transl Oncol 2016; 9:348-56. [PMID: 27567959 PMCID: PMC5006808 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2016.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Using 3D telomere quantitative fluorescence in situ hybridization, we determined the 3D telomere organization of 74 neuroblastoma tissue samples. Hierarchical cluster analysis of the measured telomere parameters identified three subgroups from our patient cohort. These subgroups have unique telomere profiles based on telomere length and nuclear architecture. Subgroups with higher levels of telomere dysfunction were comprised of tumors with greater numbers of telomeres, telomeric aggregates, and short telomeres (P<.0001). Tumors with greater telomere dysfunction were associated with unfavorable tumor characteristics (greater age at diagnosis, unfavorable histology, higher stage of disease, MYCN amplification, and higher MYCN expression) and poor prognostic risk (P<.001). Subgroups with greater telomere dysfunction also had higher intratumor heterogeneity. MYCN overexpression in two neuroblastoma cell lines with constitutively low MYCN expression induced changes in their telomere profile that were consistent with increased telomere dysfunction; this illustrates a functional relationship between MYCN and 3D telomere organization. This study demonstrates the ability to classify neuroblastomas based on the level of telomere dysfunction, which is a novel approach for this cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kuzyk
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology/The Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - John Gartner
- Departments of Pathology and Immunology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sabine Mai
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology/The Research Institute of Oncology and Hematology, Department of Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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27
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Superresolution imaging of telomeres with continuous wave stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscope. Sci China Chem 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s11426-016-0020-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Sunpaweravong S, Sunpaweravong P, Sathitruangsak C, Mai S. Three-dimensional telomere architecture of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma: comparison of tumor and normal epithelial cells. Dis Esophagus 2016; 29:307-13. [PMID: 25625311 DOI: 10.1111/dote.12317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Telomeres are repetitive nucleotide sequences (TTAGGG)n located at the ends of chromosomes that function to preserve chromosomal integrity and prevent terminal end-to-end fusions. Telomere loss or dysfunction results in breakage-bridge-fusion cycles, aneuploidy, gene amplification and chromosomal rearrangements, which can lead to genomic instability and promote carcinogenesis. Evaluating the hypothesis that changes in telomeres contribute to the development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and to determine whether there are differences between young and old patients, we compared the three-dimensional (3D) nuclear telomere architecture in ESCC tumor cells with that of normal epithelial cells obtained from the same patient. Patients were equally divided by age into two groups, one comprising those less than 45 years of age and the other consisting of those over 80 years of age. Tumor and normal epithelial cells located at least 10 cm from the border of the tumor were biopsied in ESCC patients. Hematoxylin and eosin staining was performed for each sample to confirm and identify the cancer and normal epithelial cells. This study was based on quantitative 3D fluorescence in situ hybridization (Q-FISH), 3D imaging and 3D analysis of paraffin-embedded slides. The 3D telomere architecture data were computer analyzed using 100 nuclei per slide. The following were the main parameters compared: the number of signals (number of telomeres), signal intensity (telomere length), number of telomere aggregates, and nuclear volume. Tumor and normal epithelial samples from 16 patients were compared. The normal epithelial cells had more telomere signals and higher intensities than the tumor cells, with P-values of P < 0.0001 and P = 0.0078, respectively. There were no statistically significant differences in the numbers of telomere aggregates or the nuclear volumes between the tumor and normal epithelial cells. Secondary analyses examined the effects of age on 3D telomere architecture and found no statistically significant differences in any parameter tested between the young and old patients in either the tumor or epithelial cells. The 3D nuclear telomeric signature was able to detect differences in telomere architecture between the ESCC and normal epithelial tissues. However, there were no differences observed between the young and old patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sunpaweravong
- Genomic Center for Cancer Research and Diagnosis, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand
| | - P Sunpaweravong
- Genomic Center for Cancer Research and Diagnosis, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand
| | - C Sathitruangsak
- Genomic Center for Cancer Research and Diagnosis, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Songkla, Thailand
| | - S Mai
- Genomic Center for Cancer Research and Diagnosis, Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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29
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Righolt CH, Knecht H, Mai S. DNA Superresolution Structure of Reed-Sternberg Cells Differs Between Long-Lasting Remission Versus Relapsing Hodgkin's Lymphoma Patients. J Cell Biochem 2015; 117:1633-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jcb.25456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan H. Righolt
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology; CancerCare Manitoba; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
| | - Hans Knecht
- Department of Medicine; Jewish General Hospital; McGill University; Montreal Quebec Canada
| | - Sabine Mai
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology; CancerCare Manitoba; University of Manitoba; Winnipeg Manitoba Canada
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30
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Caliò A, Zamò A, Ponzoni M, Zanolin ME, Ferreri AJM, Pedron S, Montagna L, Parolini C, Fraifeld VE, Wolfson M, Yanai H, Pizzolo G, Doglioni C, Vinante F, Chilosi M. Cellular Senescence Markers p16INK4a and p21CIP1/WAF Are Predictors of Hodgkin Lymphoma Outcome. Clin Cancer Res 2015. [PMID: 26199387 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-15-0508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE There is evidence that Hodgkin Reed-Sternberg (HRS) cells in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (cHL) could display some molecular and morphologic markers of cellular senescence (CS). We hypothesized that CS mechanisms may have potential prognostic relevance in cHL and investigated whether the expression of the well-established CS biomarkers p21(CIP1/WAF1) and p16(INK4a) by HRS cells might be predictive of the probability of event-free survival (EFS). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The study analyzed a retrospective cohort of 147 patients and the results were validated on a cohort of 91 patients independently diagnosed and treated in a different institution. p16(INK4a) and p21(CIP1/WAF1) were categorized as dichotomous variables (< or ≥ 30% of HRS cells at diagnosis) and evaluated in univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS Both molecules were independent prognostic factors. A positive staining of one of the two molecules in more than 30% HRS cells predicted a better EFS (P < 0.01). p16(INK4a)/p21(CIP1/WAF1) together as a unique categorical variable (both <30%, either <30%, both ≥ 30%) sorted out three prognostic groups with better, intermediate, or worse outcome either overall or within I-II, bulky and advanced stages. The presence or the lack of the robust expression of p21(CIP1/WAF1) and/or p16(INK4a) defined the prognosis in our series. CONCLUSIONS These findings point to (i) the relevance of CS-related mechanisms in cHL, and to (ii) the prognostic value of a simple, reproducible, and low-cost immunohistochemical evaluation of p16(INK4a) and p21(CIP1/WAF1) expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Caliò
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Alberto Zamò
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Maurilio Ponzoni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Pathology and Lymphoid Malignancies Units, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Maria Elisabetta Zanolin
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Unit of Epidemiology and Medical Statistics, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Andrés J M Ferreri
- Unit of Lymphoid Malignancies, Division of Onco-Hematological Medicine, Department of Onco-Hematology, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Serena Pedron
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Licia Montagna
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudia Parolini
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Vadim E Fraifeld
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Marina Wolfson
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Hagai Yanai
- The Shraga Segal Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Center for Multidisciplinary Research on Aging, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva, Israel
| | - Giovanni Pizzolo
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Claudio Doglioni
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Pathology and Lymphoid Malignancies Units, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Vinante
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
| | - Marco Chilosi
- Department of Pathology and Diagnostic, Anatomic Pathology Section, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
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31
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Kuzyk A, Booth S, Righolt C, Mathur S, Gartner J, Mai S. MYCN overexpression is associated with unbalanced copy number gain, altered nuclear location, and overexpression of chromosome arm 17q genes in neuroblastoma tumors and cell lines. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2015; 54:616-28. [PMID: 26171843 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22273] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2015] [Revised: 05/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
MYCN amplification and MYCN overexpression are poor prognostic factors in neuroblastoma. Tumors with unbalanced chromosome arm 17q gain are often associated with MYCN amplification; however, the relationship between chromosome 17 copy number status and MYCN expression is not known. We investigated the relationship between MYCN expression and chromosome 17 copy number, nuclear location, and gene expression. By performing dual-colored fluorescence in situ hybridization on 16 primary neuroblastomas, we found that those with unbalanced gain of 17q have high MYCN expression, those with no gain have medium expression, and those with numerical gain have low expression (P < 0.0001). We also found that the nuclear location of 17q correlates with chromosome 17 copy number status: copies in tumors with unbalanced gain and no gain of chromosome 17 occupy a more central location than those in tumors with balanced gain (P < 0.0001). We show that a more central nuclear location of 17q coincides with increased expression of genes found within this chromosome arm. To further understand the association between MYCN expression and chromosome 17, we overexpressed MYCN in two low-expressing MYCN cell lines, SHEP and GIMEN. We found that both cell lines had an unbalanced gain of chromosome 17q, a more central nuclear location of the region and increased expression of the 17q genes. Therefore, this study indicates, for the first time, a functional relationship between MYCN overexpression and the gain of 17q in neuroblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Kuzyk
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Samuel Booth
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Christiaan Righolt
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Shubha Mathur
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - John Gartner
- Department of Pathology, University of Manitoba, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
| | - Sabine Mai
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada
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Hartmann K, Illing A, Leithäuser F, Baisantry A, Quintanilla-Martinez L, Rudolph KL. Gene dosage reductions of Trf1 and/or Tin2 induce telomere DNA damage and lymphoma formation in aging mice. Leukemia 2015; 30:749-53. [PMID: 26135248 PMCID: PMC4777776 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Hartmann
- Cooperation Group of the Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) Jena and Ulm University (UULM), Ulm, Germany
| | - A Illing
- Cooperation Group of the Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) Jena and Ulm University (UULM), Ulm, Germany
| | - F Leithäuser
- Department of Pathology, University Hospital of Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - A Baisantry
- Cooperation Group of the Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) Jena and Ulm University (UULM), Ulm, Germany
| | | | - K L Rudolph
- Cooperation Group of the Leibniz Institute for Age Research - Fritz Lipmann Institute (FLI) Jena and Ulm University (UULM), Ulm, Germany.,Faculty of Medicine, Research Group on Molecular Aging, University Hospital Jena (UKJ), Friedrich-Schiller-University (FSU), Jena, Germany
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33
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Krem MM, Press OW, Horwitz MS, Tidwell T. Mechanisms and clinical applications of chromosomal instability in lymphoid malignancy. Br J Haematol 2015; 171:13-28. [PMID: 26018193 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.13507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Lymphocytes are unique among cells in that they undergo programmed DNA breaks and translocations, but that special property predisposes them to chromosomal instability (CIN), a cardinal feature of neoplastic lymphoid cells that manifests as whole chromosome- or translocation-based aneuploidy. In several lymphoid malignancies translocations may be the defining or diagnostic markers of the diseases. CIN is a cornerstone of the mutational architecture supporting lymphoid neoplasia, though it is perhaps one of the least understood components of malignant transformation in terms of its molecular mechanisms. CIN is associated with prognosis and response to treatment, making it a key area for impacting treatment outcomes and predicting prognoses. Here we will review the types and mechanisms of CIN found in Hodgkin lymphoma, non-Hodgkin lymphoma, multiple myeloma and the lymphoid leukaemias, with emphasis placed on pathogenic mutations affecting DNA recombination, replication and repair; telomere function; and mitotic regulation of spindle attachment, centrosome function, and chromosomal segregation. We will discuss the means by which chromosome-level genetic aberrations may give rise to multiple pathogenic mutations required for carcinogenesis and conclude with a discussion of the clinical applications of CIN and aneuploidy to diagnosis, prognosis and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell M Krem
- Department of Medicine and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA.,Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Oliver W Press
- Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marshall S Horwitz
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Timothy Tidwell
- Department of Pathology and Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
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34
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Righolt CH, Guffei A, Knecht H, Young IT, Stallinga S, van Vliet LJ, Mai S. Differences in nuclear DNA organization between lymphocytes, Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells revealed by structured illumination microscopy. J Cell Biochem 2015; 115:1441-8. [PMID: 24590512 PMCID: PMC4231252 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.24800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Advances in light microscopy have enabled the visualization of DNA in the interphase nucleus with more detail than is visible with conventional light microscopy. The nuclear architecture is assumed to be different in cancer cells compared to normal cells. In this paper we have studied, for the first time, the organization of nuclear DNA and that of DNA-free space in control lymphocytes, Hodgkin cells and Reed–Sternberg cells using 3D structured illumination microscopy (SIM). We have observed detail in these SIM images that was not observed in conventional widefield images. We have measured the size distribution of the DNA structure using granulometry and noted a significant, progressive increase in the amount of sub-micron structures from control lymphocytes to Hodgkin cells to Reed–Sternberg cells. The DNA-free space changes as well; “holes” in the DNA distribution start to appear in the malignant cells. We have studied whether these “holes” are nucleoli by staining for upstream binding factor (UBF), a protein associated with the nucleolus. We have found that the relative UBF content progressively and significantly decreases—or is absent—in the DNA-free space when measured as either the Pearson correlation coefficient with the DNA-free space or as the number of “holes” that contain UBF. Similar differences exist within the population of Reed–Sternberg cells between binucleated and multinucleated cells with four or more subnuclei. To our knowledge, this is the first study that investigates the changes of the nuclear DNA structure in any disease with superresolution light microscopy. J. Cell. Biochem. 115: 1441–1448, 2014. © 2014 The Authors. Journal of Cellular Biochemistry published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. This is an open access article under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs License, which permits use and distribution in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited, the use is non-commercial and no modifications or adaptations are made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan H Righolt
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, 675 McDermot Ave, R3E 0V9, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Lorentzweg 1, 2628, CJ Delft, The Netherlands
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35
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LMP1 mediates multinuclearity through downregulation of shelterin proteins and formation of telomeric aggregates. Blood 2015; 125:2101-10. [PMID: 25568351 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-08-594176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) and Burkitt lymphoma are both germinal center-derived B-cell lymphomas. To assess the consequences of permanent latent membrane protein 1 (LMP1) expression as observed in tumor cells of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) -associated HL, we analyzed 3-dimensional (3D) telomere dynamics and measured the expression of shelterin proteins at the transcriptional and translational level and their topographic distribution in the EBV-negative Burkitt cell line BJAB stably transfected with an inducible LMP1 system. Stable LMP1 expression led to a highly significant increase of multinucleated cells, nuclear volume, and 3D telomeric aggregates when compared with the LMP1-suppressed BJAB controls. Most importantly, LMP1 induced a significant downregulation of the shelterin components TRF1, TRF2, and POT1 at the transcriptional and translational level, and this downregulation was reversed after resuppression of LMP1. In addition, as revealed by spectral karyotyping, LMP1 induced "outré" giant cells and hypoploid "ghost" cells. This LMP1-induced multinucleation was blocked upon LMP1-independent TRF2 expression. These results show that LMP1-dependent deregulation of telomere stability and nuclear organization via shelterin downregulation, in particular TRF2, favors chromosomal rearrangements. We speculate that telomeric aggregates and ongoing breakage-bridge-fusion cycles lead to disturbed cytokinesis and finally to multinuclearity, as observed in EBV-associated HL.
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36
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Samassekou O, Bastien N, Lichtensztejn D, Yan J, Mai S, Drouin R. DifferentTP53mutations are associated with specific chromosomal rearrangements, telomere length changes, and remodeling of the nuclear architecture of telomeres. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2014; 53:934-50. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2014] [Accepted: 07/02/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Oumar Samassekou
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology; CancerCare Manitoba; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Nathalie Bastien
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Daniel Lichtensztejn
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology; CancerCare Manitoba; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Ju Yan
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
| | - Sabine Mai
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology; CancerCare Manitoba; Department of Physiology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Manitoba; Winnipeg MB Canada
| | - Régen Drouin
- Division of Genetics; Department of Pediatrics; Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences; Université de Sherbrooke; Sherbrooke QC Canada
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37
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Kongruttanachok N, Cayre YE, Knecht H, Mai S. Rapid Separation of Mononuclear Hodgkin from Multinuclear Reed-Sternberg Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 20:2-6. [DOI: 10.1532/lh96.12023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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38
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Three-dimensional Nuclear Telomere Organization in Multiple Myeloma. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:749-56. [PMID: 24466378 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.13613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2013] [Revised: 11/19/2013] [Accepted: 11/22/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is preceded by monoclonal gammopathy of undetermined significance (MGUS). Up to date, it is difficult to predict an individual's time to disease progression and the treatment response. To examine whether the nuclear telomeric architecture will unravel some of these questions, we carried out. Three-dimensional (3D) telomere analysis on samples from patients diagnosed with MGUS and MM, as well as from patients who went into relapse. Telomere signal intensity, number of telomere aggregates, nuclear volume, and the overall nuclear telomere distribution (a/c ratio) were analyzed. The telomeric profiles allowed for the differentiation of the disease stages. The telomeric profiles of myeloma cells obtained from blood and bone marrow aspirates were identical. Based on this study, we discuss the use of 3D telomere profiling as a potential future tool for risk stratification and personalized treatment decisions.
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Sajesh BV, Lichtensztejn Z, McManus KJ. Sister chromatid cohesion defects are associated with chromosome instability in Hodgkin lymphoma cells. BMC Cancer 2013; 13:391. [PMID: 23962039 PMCID: PMC3751861 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-13-391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/19/2013] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Chromosome instability manifests as an abnormal chromosome complement and is a pathogenic event in cancer. Although a correlation between abnormal chromosome numbers and cancer exist, the underlying mechanisms that cause chromosome instability are poorly understood. Recent data suggests that aberrant sister chromatid cohesion causes chromosome instability and thus contributes to the development of cancer. Cohesion normally functions by tethering nascently synthesized chromatids together to prevent premature segregation and thus chromosome instability. Although the prevalence of aberrant cohesion has been reported for some solid tumors, its prevalence within liquid tumors is unknown. Consequently, the current study was undertaken to evaluate aberrant cohesion within Hodgkin lymphoma, a lymphoid malignancy that frequently exhibits chromosome instability. Methods Using established cytogenetic techniques, the prevalence of chromosome instability and aberrant cohesion was examined within mitotic spreads generated from five commonly employed Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines (L-1236, KM-H2, L-428, L-540 and HDLM-2) and a lymphocyte control. Indirect immunofluorescence and Western blot analyses were performed to evaluate the localization and expression of six critical proteins involved in the regulation of sister chromatid cohesion. Results We first confirmed that all five Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines exhibited chromosome instability relative to the lymphocyte control. We then determined that each Hodgkin lymphoma cell line exhibited cohesion defects that were subsequently classified into mild, moderate or severe categories. Surprisingly, ~50% of the mitotic spreads generated from L-540 and HDLM-2 harbored cohesion defects. To gain mechanistic insight into the underlying cause of the aberrant cohesion we examined the localization and expression of six critical proteins involved in cohesion. Although all proteins produced the expected nuclear localization pattern, striking differences in RAD21 expression was observed: RAD21 expression was lowest in L-540 and highest within HDLM-2. Conclusion We conclude that aberrant cohesion is a common feature of all five Hodgkin lymphoma cell lines evaluated. We further conclude that aberrant RAD21 expression is a strong candidate to underlie aberrant cohesion, chromosome instability and contribute to the development of the disease. Our findings support a growing body of evidence suggesting that cohesion defects and aberrant RAD21 expression are pathogenic events that contribute to tumor development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Babu V Sajesh
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology and the Department of Biochemistry & Medical Genetics, University of Manitoba, ON6010 - 675 McDermot Avenue, Winnipeg, Manitoba MB R3E 0V9, Canada
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Mompart F, Robelin D, Delcros C, Yerle-Bouissou M. 3D organization of telomeres in porcine neutrophils and analysis of LPS-activation effect. BMC Cell Biol 2013; 14:30. [PMID: 23803152 PMCID: PMC3701612 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2121-14-30] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2013] [Accepted: 06/12/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND While the essential role of 3D nuclear architecture on nuclear functions has been demonstrated for various cell types, information available for neutrophils, essential components of the immune system, remains limited. In this study, we analysed the spatial arrangements of telomeres which play a central role in cell fate. Our studies were carried out in swine, which is an excellent model organism for both biomedical research and agronomic applications. We isolated bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC)-containing subtelomeric p and q sequences specific to each porcine chromosome. This allowed us to study the behaviour of p and q telomeres of homologous chromosomes for seven pairs chosen for their difference in length and morphology. This was performed using 3D-FISH on structurally preserved neutrophils, and confocal microscopy. Resting and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated states were investigated to ascertain whether a response to a pathogen aggression modifies this organization. RESULTS The positions of the p and q telomeres relative to the nuclear outer border were determined in the two states. All p telomeres changed their position significantly during the activation process, although the effect was less pronounced for the q telomeres. The patterns of telomeric associations between homologs and their frequencies were analysed for 7 pairs of chromosomes. This analysis revealed that the distribution of pp, qq and pq associations differs significantly among the 7 chromosomes. This distribution does not fit with the theoretical distribution for each chromosome, suggesting that preferential associations occur between subtelomeres. CONCLUSIONS The percentage of nuclei harbouring at least one telomeric association between homologs varies significantly among the chromosomes, the smallest metacentric chromosome SSC12, which is also the richest in gene-density, harbouring the highest value. The distribution of types of telomeric associations is highly dependent on the chromosomes and is not affected by the activation process. The frequencies of telomeric associations are also highly dependent on the type of association and the type of chromosome. Overall, the LPS-activation process induces only minor changes in these patterns of associations. When telomeric associations occur, the associations of p and q arms from the same chromosome are the most frequent, suggesting that "chromosome bending" occurs in neutrophils as previously observed in gametes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florence Mompart
- INRA, UMR 444, Génétique Cellulaire, F-31326 Castanet, Tolosan, France
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Knecht H, Righolt C, Mai S. Genomic Instability: The Driving Force behind Refractory/Relapsing Hodgkin's Lymphoma. Cancers (Basel) 2013; 5:714-25. [PMID: 24216998 PMCID: PMC3730322 DOI: 10.3390/cancers5020714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Revised: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/27/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
In classical Hodgkin’s lymphoma (HL) the malignant mononuclear Hodgkin (H) and multinuclear, diagnostic Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells are rare and generally make up <3% of the total cellular mass of the affected lymph nodes. During recent years, the introduction of laser micro-dissection techniques at the single cell level has substantially improved our understanding of the molecular pathogenesis of HL. Gene expression profiling, comparative genomic hybridization analysis, micro-RNA expression profiling and viral oncogene sequencing have deepened our knowledge of numerous facets of H- and RS-cell gene expression deregulation. The question remains whether disturbed signaling pathways and deregulated transcription factors are at the origin of refractory/relapsing Hodgkin’s lymphoma or whether these hallmarks are at least partially related to another major factor. We recently showed that the 3D nuclear organization of telomeres and chromosomes marked the transition from H- to RS-cells in HL cell lines. This transition is associated with progression of telomere dysfunction, shelterin disruption and progression of complex chromosomal rearrangements. We reported analogous findings in refractory/relapsing HL and identified the shelterin proteins TRF1, TRF2 and POT1 as targets of the LMP1 oncogene in post-germinal center B-cells. Here we summarize our findings, including data not previously published, and propose a model in which progressive disruption of nuclear integrity, a form of genomic instability, is the key-player in refractory/relapsing HL. Therapeutic approaches should take these findings into account.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Knecht
- Division d'Hématologie, Département de Médecine, CHUS, Université de Sherbrooke, Québec, J1H 5N4, Canada.
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Krem MM, Horwitz MS. Mitotic errors, aneuploidy and micronuclei in Hodgkin lymphoma pathogenesis. Commun Integr Biol 2013; 6:e23544. [PMID: 23713010 PMCID: PMC3656006 DOI: 10.4161/cib.23544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2013] [Accepted: 01/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The Reed-Sternberg (RS) cell is the driving force behind Hodgkin lymphoma (HL), a unique malignancy in which the rare RS cell creates an inflammatory microenvironment that recruits a reactive tumor infiltrate. Well-known oncogenic factors such as nuclear factor kappa B (NFκB) signaling and Epstein-Barr virus infection are linked to HL pathogenesis but do not adequately explain the RS cell’s key pathologic features of multi-nucleation, abnormalities of centrosome function and number and aneuploidy. Chromosomal instability is also considered a key pathway in the origin of the RS cell, though the molecular mechanisms have largely been a “black box.” We demonstrated that the midbody kelch domain protein KLHDC8B protects against mitotic errors, centrosomal amplification and chromosomal instability. Here we discuss how the new findings linking KLHDC8B to mitotic integrity and faithful chromosomal segregation are providing mechanistic explanations for the origin of the RS cell and the molecular pathogenesis of chromosomal instability in HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell M Krem
- Department of Medicine; Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine; University of Washington School of Medicine; Seattle, WA USA
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Liu Y, Kirkland B, Shirley J, Wang Z, Zhang P, Stembridge J, Wong W, Takebayashi SI, Gilbert DM, Lenhert S, Guan J. Development of a single-cell array for large-scale DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization. LAB ON A CHIP 2013; 13:1316-24. [PMID: 23370691 PMCID: PMC3594524 DOI: 10.1039/c2lc40364a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
DNA fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) is a powerful cytogenetic assay, but conventional sample-preparation methods for FISH do not support large-scale high-throughput data acquisition and analysis, which are potentially useful for several biomedical applications. To address this limitation, we have developed a novel FISH sample-preparation method based on generating a centimetre-sized cell array, in which all cells are precisely positioned and separated from their neighbours. This method is simple and capable of patterning nonadherent human cells. We have successfully performed DNA FISH on the single-cell arrays, which facilitates analysis of the FISH results with the FISH-FINDER computer program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingru Liu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Brett Kirkland
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - James Shirley
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - Zhibin Wang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Peipei Zhang
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
| | - Jacquelyn Stembridge
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - Wilson Wong
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4390, USA
| | - Shin-ichiro Takebayashi
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - David M. Gilbert
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
| | - Steven Lenhert
- Department of Biological Science, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4295, USA
- Integrative NanoScience Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4370, USA
| | - Jingjiao Guan
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, FAMU-FSU College of Engineering, Florida State University, 2525 Pottsdamer Street, Tallahassee, Florida 32310-2870, USA
- Integrative NanoScience Institute, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-4370, USA
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Adebayo Awe J, Xu MC, Wechsler J, Benali-Furet N, Cayre YE, Saranchuk J, Drachenberg D, Mai S. Three-Dimensional Telomeric Analysis of Isolated Circulating Tumor Cells (CTCs) Defines CTC Subpopulations. Transl Oncol 2013; 6:51-65. [PMID: 23418617 PMCID: PMC3573654 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.12361] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2012] [Revised: 11/11/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulating tumor cells (CTCs) have been identified with the potential to serve as suitable biomarkers for tumor stage and progression, but the availability of effective isolation technique(s) coupled with detailed molecular characterization have been the challenges encountered in making CTCs clinically relevant. For the first time, we combined isolation of CTCs using the ScreenCell filtration technique with quantitative analysis of CTC telomeres by TeloView. This resulted in the identification and molecular characterization of different subpopulations of CTCs in the same patient. Three-dimensional (3D) telomeric analysis was carried out on isolated CTCs of 19 patients that consisted of four different tumor types, namely, prostate, colon, breast, melanoma, and one lung cancer cell line. With telomeric analysis of the filter-isolated CTCs, the level of chromosomal instability (CIN) of the CTCs can be determined. Our study shows that subpopulations of CTCs can be identified on the basis of their 3D telomeric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Adebayo Awe
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Institute of Biomedicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Systems Biology Research Centre, School of Life Sciences, University of Skovde, Skovde, Sweden
| | - Mark Chu Xu
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Janine Wechsler
- ScreenCell, Paris, France
- Department of Pathology, Hôpital Henri Mondor, Créteil, France
| | | | - Yvon E Cayre
- ScreenCell, Paris, France
- Hôpital Robert Debré and Pierre and Marie Curie University, Paris, France
| | - Jeff Saranchuk
- Manitoba Prostate Center, Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Darrel Drachenberg
- Manitoba Prostate Center, Section of Urology, Department of Surgery, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Sabine Mai
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, University of Manitoba, CancerCare Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Samassekou O, Hébert J, Mai S, Yan J. Nuclear remodeling of telomeres in chronic myeloid leukemia. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2013; 52:495-502. [DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2012] [Revised: 12/23/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Mai S. 3D nuclear organization and genomic instability in cancer. BMC Proc 2013; 7 Suppl 2:K17. [PMID: 24764474 PMCID: PMC3624112 DOI: 10.1186/1753-6561-7-s2-k17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Sabine Mai
- Manitoba Institute of Cell Biology, CancerCare Manitoba, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Canada
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Krem MM, Luo P, Ing BI, Horwitz MS. The kelch protein KLHDC8B guards against mitotic errors, centrosomal amplification, and chromosomal instability. J Biol Chem 2012; 287:39083-93. [PMID: 22988245 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m112.390088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant cell in classical Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is the binucleated giant Reed-Sternberg cell. Chromosomal instability and mitotic errors may contribute to HL pathogenesis; one potential mitotic regulator is the kelch protein KLHDC8B, which localizes to the midbody, is expressed during mitosis, and is mutated in a subset of familial and sporadic HL. We report that disrupting KLHDC8B function in HeLa cells, B lymphoblasts, and fibroblasts leads to significant increases in multinucleation, multipolar mitoses, failed abscission, asymmetric segregation of daughter nuclei, formation of anucleated daughter cells, centrosomal amplification, and aneuploidy. We recapitulated the major pathologic features of the Reed-Sternberg cell and concluded that KLHDC8B is essential for mitotic integrity and maintenance of chromosomal stability. The significant impact of KLHDC8B implicates the central roles of mitotic regulation and chromosomal segregation in the pathogenesis of HL and provides a novel molecular mechanism for chromosomal instability in HL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maxwell M Krem
- Department of Pathology and the Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington 98109, USA.
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Selected telomere length changes and aberrant three-dimensional nuclear telomere organization during fast-onset mouse plasmacytomas. Neoplasia 2012; 14:344-51. [PMID: 22577349 DOI: 10.1593/neo.12446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2012] [Revised: 03/30/2012] [Accepted: 04/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Mouse plasmacytoma (PCT) can develop within 45 days when induced by a v-abl/myc replication-deficient retrovirus. This fast-onset PCT development is always associated with trisomy of cytoband E2 of mouse chromosome 11 (11E2). Trisomy of 11E2 was identified as the sole aberration in all fast-onset mouse PCTs in [T38HxBALB/c]N congenic mice, with a reciprocal translocation between chromosome X and 11 (rcpT(X;11)) (Genes Cancer 2010;1:847-858). Using this mouse model, we have now examined the overall and individual telomere lengths in fast-onset PCTs compared with normal B cells using two-dimensional and three-dimensional quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization of telomeres. We found fast-onset PCTs to have a significantly different three-dimensional telomere profile, compared with primary B cells of wild-type littermates with and without rcpT(X;11) (P < .0001 and P = .006, respectively). Our data also indicate for primary PCT cells, from the above mouse strain, that the translocation chromosome carrying 11E2 is the only chromosome with telomere lengthening (P = 4 x 10(-16)). This trend is not seen for T(X;11) in primary B cells of control [T38HxBALB/c]N mice with the rcpT(X;11). This finding supports the concept of individual telomere lengthening of chromosomes that are functionally important for the tumorigenic process.
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Three-dimensional Telomere Signatures of Hodgkin- and Reed-Sternberg Cells at Diagnosis Identify Patients with Poor Response to Conventional Chemotherapy. Transl Oncol 2012; 5:269-77. [PMID: 22937179 DOI: 10.1593/tlo.12142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2012] [Revised: 05/07/2012] [Accepted: 07/15/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In classic Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) the malignant mononuclear Hodgkin (H) and multinuclear Reed-Sternberg (RS) cells are characterized by a distinct three-dimensional nuclear telomere organization with shortening of the telomere length and the formation of telomeric aggregates. We asked if the severity of these telomere changes correlates with the clinical behavior of the disease. We retrospectively evaluated three-dimensional telomere organization by quantitative fluorescent in situ hybridization (Q-FISH) of diagnostic biopsies from 16 patients who were good responders and compared them with 16 diagnostic biopsies of 10 patients with refractory or relapsing HL (eight initial biopsies, four confirming progressions, and four confirming relapses). The H cells from patients with refractory/relapsing disease contained a significantly higher percentage of very small telomeres (P = .027) and telomere aggregates (P = .032) compared with H cells of patients entering rapid remission. These differences were even more significant (P = .002 and P = .013, respectively) when comparing the eight initial diagnostic biopsies of refractory/relapsing HL with diagnostic biopsies of eight patients with ongoing long-lasting remission (mean of 47 months). This specific three-dimensional telomere Q-FISH signature identifies these highly aggressive mononuclear H cells at the first diagnostic biopsy and thus may offer a new molecular marker to optimize initial treatment.
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Londoño-Vallejo JA, Wellinger RJ. Telomeres and telomerase dance to the rhythm of the cell cycle. Trends Biochem Sci 2012; 37:391-9. [PMID: 22727244 DOI: 10.1016/j.tibs.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2012] [Revised: 05/21/2012] [Accepted: 05/25/2012] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The stability of the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes is ensured by functional telomeres, which are composed of short, species-specific direct repeat sequences. The maintenance of telomeres depends on a specialized ribonucleoprotein (RNP) called telomerase. Both telomeres and telomerase are dynamic entities with different physical behaviors and, given their substrate-enzyme relation, they must establish a productive interaction. Regulatory mechanisms controlling this interaction are key missing elements in our understanding of telomere functions. Here, we review the dynamic properties of telomeres and the maturing telomerase RNPs, and summarize how tracking the timing of their dance during the cell cycle will yield insights into chromosome stability mechanisms. Cancer cells often display loss of genome integrity; therefore, these issues are of particular interest for our understanding of cancer initiation or progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Arturo Londoño-Vallejo
- Laboratoire Télomères et Cancer, UMR3244, Institut Curie, 26 rue d'Ulm, 75248 Paris, France; UPMC Université Paris 06, F-75005 Paris, France
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