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Jones N, Nonaka T. Circulating miRNAs as biomarkers for the diagnosis in patients with melanoma: systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Genet 2024; 15:1339357. [PMID: 38419786 PMCID: PMC10899317 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2024.1339357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective: Melanoma is the most aggressive and deadly form of skin cancer, especially at later stages. There is currently no excellent diagnostic test established for the diagnosis of melanoma; however, circulating microRNAs (miRNAs) have shown some promise. We seek to conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis to establish the clinical utility of circulating miRNAs in diagnosing melanoma. Methods: PubMed, Wiley, and Web of Science were searched for studies that determined miRNA sensitivity and specificity in patients with melanoma. The included studies were assessed in Stata, and the sensitivity, specificity, summary receiver operating characteristic (SROC), positive likelihood ratio, negative likelihood ratio, and the area under the SROC curve (AUC) were calculated. Results: 9 studies with 898 melanoma patients were included in the meta-analysis. The circulating miRNAs showed high diagnostic accuracy with a sensitivity of 0.89 (p < 0.001), specificity of 0.85 (p < 0.001), diagnostic odds ratio of 45, and an area under the curve of 0.93. Conclusion: Circulating miRNAs have shown a high diagnostic power in detecting melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Jones
- School of Medicine, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Taichiro Nonaka
- Department of Cellular Biology and Anatomy, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Feist-Weiller Cancer Center, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
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2
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García-Giménez JL, Saadi W, Ortega AL, Lahoz A, Suay G, Carretero J, Pereda J, Fatmi A, Pallardó FV, Mena-Molla S. miRNAs Related to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor Response: A Systematic Review. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:1737. [PMID: 38339019 PMCID: PMC10855819 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25031737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/28/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The advent of immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) has represented a breakthrough in the treatment of many cancers, although a high number of patients fail to respond to ICIs, which is partially due to the ability of tumor cells to evade immune system surveillance. Non-coding microRNAs (miRNAs) have been shown to modulate the immune evasion of tumor cells, and there is thus growing interest in elucidating whether these miRNAs could be targetable or proposed as novel biomarkers for prognosis and treatment response to ICIs. We therefore performed an extensive literature analysis to evaluate the clinical utility of miRNAs with a confirmed direct relationship with treatment response to ICIs. As a result of this systematic review, we have stratified the miRNA landscape into (i) miRNAs whose levels directly modulate response to ICIs, (ii) miRNAs whose expression is modulated by ICIs, and (iii) miRNAs that directly elicit toxic effects or participate in immune-related adverse events (irAEs) caused by ICIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Luis García-Giménez
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.G.-G.); (F.V.P.)
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Consortium Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Wiam Saadi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Nature, Life and Earth Sciences, University of Djillali Bounaama, Khemis Miliana 44225, Algeria;
| | - Angel L. Ortega
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (A.L.O.); (J.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Agustin Lahoz
- Biomarkers and Precision Medicine Unit, Health Research Institute-Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
- Analytical Unit, Health Research Institute-Hospital La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain
| | - Guillermo Suay
- Medical Oncology Department, Hospital Universitari i Politècnic La Fe, 46026 Valencia, Spain;
| | - Julián Carretero
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (A.L.O.); (J.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Javier Pereda
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (A.L.O.); (J.C.); (J.P.)
| | - Ahlam Fatmi
- Department of Microbiology & Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, University of M’sila, M’sila 28000, Algeria;
| | - Federico V. Pallardó
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain; (J.L.G.-G.); (F.V.P.)
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Consortium Center for Biomedical Network Research on Rare Diseases (CIBERER), Institute of Health Carlos III, 46010 Valencia, Spain
| | - Salvador Mena-Molla
- INCLIVA Health Research Institute, INCLIVA, 46010 Valencia, Spain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Valencia, 46100 Burjassot, Spain; (A.L.O.); (J.C.); (J.P.)
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Chakrabortty A, Patton DJ, Smith BF, Agarwal P. miRNAs: Potential as Biomarkers and Therapeutic Targets for Cancer. Genes (Basel) 2023; 14:1375. [PMID: 37510280 PMCID: PMC10378777 DOI: 10.3390/genes14071375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/25/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are single-stranded, non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression post-transcriptionally by binding to messenger RNAs. miRNAs are important regulators of gene expression, and their dysregulation is implicated in many human and canine diseases. Most cancers tested to date have been shown to express altered miRNA levels, which indicates their potential importance in the oncogenic process. Based on this evidence, numerous miRNAs have been suggested as potential cancer biomarkers for both diagnosis and prognosis. miRNA-based therapies have also been tested in different cancers and have provided measurable clinical benefits to patients. In addition, understanding miRNA biogenesis and regulatory mechanisms in cancer can provide important knowledge about resistance to chemotherapies, leading to more personalized cancer treatment. In this review, we comprehensively summarized the importance of miRNA in human and canine cancer research. We discussed the current state of development and potential for the miRNA as both a diagnostic marker and a therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atonu Chakrabortty
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Daniel J Patton
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Bruce F Smith
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
| | - Payal Agarwal
- Scott-Ritchey Research Center, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
- Department of Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849, USA
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Sessa F, Salerno M, Esposito M, Cocimano G, Pisanelli D, Malik A, Khan AA, Pomara C. New Insight into Mechanisms of Cardiovascular Diseases: An Integrative Analysis Approach to Identify TheranoMiRNAs. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076781. [PMID: 37047756 PMCID: PMC10095439 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2023] [Revised: 03/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
MiRNAs regulate both physiological and pathological heart functions. Altered expression of miRNAs is associated with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), making miRNAs attractive therapeutic strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of heart diseases. A recent publication defined, for the first time, the term theranoMiRNA, meaning the miRNAs that may be used both for diagnosis and treatment. The use of in silico tools may be considered fundamental for these purposes, clarifying several molecular aspects, suggesting future directions for in vivo studies. This study aims to explore different bioinformatic tools in order to clarify miRNA interactions with candidate genes, demonstrating the need to use a computational approach when establishing the most probable associations between miRNAs and target genes. This study focused on the functions of miR-133a-3p, miR-21-5p, miR-499a-5p, miR-1-3p, and miR-126-3p, providing an up-to-date overview, and suggests future lines of research in the identification of theranoMiRNAs related to CVDs. Based on the results of the present study, we elucidated the molecular mechanisms that could be linked between miRNAs and CVDs, confirming that these miRNAs play an active role in the genesis and development of heart damage. Given that CVDs are the leading cause of death in the world, the identification of theranoMiRNAs is crucial, hence the need for a definition of in vivo studies in order to obtain further evidence in this challenging field of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francesco Sessa
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Monica Salerno
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Massimiliano Esposito
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Cocimano
- Department of Mental and Physical Health and Preventive Medicine, University of Campania “Vanvitelli”, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Daniela Pisanelli
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Foggia, 71100 Foggia, Italy
| | - Abdul Malik
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Azmat Ali Khan
- Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Laboratory, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristoforo Pomara
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Advanced Technologies “G.F. Ingrassia”, University of Catania, 95121 Catania, Italy
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Allegra A, Cicero N, Tonacci A, Musolino C, Gangemi S. Circular RNA as a Novel Biomarker for Diagnosis and Prognosis and Potential Therapeutic Targets in Multiple Myeloma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14071700. [PMID: 35406472 PMCID: PMC8997050 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14071700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Circular RNAs (circRNAs) are a novel type of covalently closed RNAs involved in several physiological and pathological processes. They display tissue-specific expression and are constant, abundant, and highly conserved, making them perfect markers for diagnosis and prognosis. Several studies have proposed that circRNAs are also differentially produced in malignancies where they have oncogenic effects. Furthermore, circRNAs affecting microRNAs modify the expression profile of several transcription factors which play essential roles in tumors. CircRNAs within the hematopoietic compartment were identified as modulators of mechanisms able to enhance or suppress tumor progression in blood malignancies. Moreover, several circRNAs were suggested to confer resistance to the conventional drugs employed in hematopoietic cancers. In this review, we highlight the growing role and the controlling mechanisms by which circRNAs modify multiple myeloma genesis. We propose that circRNAs can be considered as potential diagnostic and prognostic markers, can induce chemoresistance, and might represent novel therapeutic targets for multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Allegra
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Hematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
- Correspondence:
| | - Nicola Cicero
- Department of Biomedical and Dental Sciences and Morphofunctional Imaging, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Tonacci
- Clinical Physiology Institute, National Research Council of Italy (IFC-CNR), 56124 Pisa, Italy;
| | - Caterina Musolino
- Department of Human Pathology in Adulthood and Childhood “Gaetano Barresi”, Division of Hematology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
| | - Sebastiano Gangemi
- Allergy and Clinical Immunology Unit, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy;
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Chu M, Fan Y, Wu L, Ma X, Sao J, Yao Y, Zhuang W, Zhang C. Knockdown of lncRNA BDNF-AS inhibited the progression of multiple myeloma by targeting the miR-125a/b-5p-BCL2 axis. Immun Ageing 2022; 19:3. [PMID: 34980181 PMCID: PMC8722203 DOI: 10.1186/s12979-021-00258-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose This study aimed to explore the role of long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) BDNF-AS in the progression of multiple myeloma (MM). Methods The expression of BDNF-AS, miR-125a-5p, and miR-125b-5p in MM serum and cell lines were detected by quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR (qRT-PCR). The binding relationships between miR-125a/b-5p and BDNF-AS or Bcl-2 were predicted by Starbase and verified by luciferase reporter assay and RNA immunoprecipitation (RIP) assay. Cell proliferation was evaluated by Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine (EdU) staining assay. Cell migration was evaluated by wound healing assay. The expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins were evaluated by Western blot analysis. The role of BDNF-AS was also investigated in a xenograft tumor model in vivo. Results BDNF-AS was significantly upregulated, while miR-125a-5p and miR-125b-5p were downregulated in MM serum and corresponding cancer cell lines. Knockdown of BDNF-AS effectively inhibited the proliferation and migration of MM.1S and U266 cells, and co-transfection of miR-125a-5p or miR-125b-5p inhibitor and sh-BDNF-AS enhanced cell proliferation and migration compared with that in sh-BDNF-AS group. Knockdown of miR-125a-5p or miR-125b-5p significantly enhanced the proliferation and migration of MM.1S and U266 cells, and co-transfection of sh-Bcl-2 and miR-125a/b-5p inhibitor inhibited cell proliferation compared with that in miR-125a/b-5p inhibitor group. Moreover, knockdown of BDNF-AS increased the expression levels of apoptosis-related proteins (cleaved caspase 3 and cleaved PARP), while knockdown of miR-125a-5p or miR-125b-5p reduced the expression levels of these apoptosis-related proteins compared with knockdown of BDNF-AS. Furthermore, knockdown of BDNF-AS effectively suppressed MM tumor growth in vivo. Conclusion Our findings revealed that knockdown of BDNF-AS inhibited the progression of MM by targeting the miR-125a/b-5p-Bcl-2 axis, indicating that BDNF-AS might serve as a novel drug target for MM. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12979-021-00258-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Chu
- Medical laboratory, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai For Science and Technology, 999 Shiguang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yingchao Fan
- Medical laboratory, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai For Science and Technology, 999 Shiguang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Liting Wu
- Medical laboratory, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai For Science and Technology, 999 Shiguang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Xiaoyan Ma
- Medical laboratory, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai For Science and Technology, 999 Shiguang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Jinfeng Sao
- Medical laboratory, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai For Science and Technology, 999 Shiguang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Yonghua Yao
- Medical laboratory, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai For Science and Technology, 999 Shiguang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Wenfang Zhuang
- Medical laboratory, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai For Science and Technology, 999 Shiguang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
| | - Cui Zhang
- Medical laboratory, Shidong Hospital Affiliated to University of Shanghai For Science and Technology, 999 Shiguang Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai, 200438, China.
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7
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Lu M, Wu Y, Gao W, Tian Y, Wang G, Liu A, Chen W. Novel Non-coding RNA Analysis in Multiple Myeloma Identified Through High-Throughput Sequencing. Front Genet 2021; 12:625019. [PMID: 34108986 PMCID: PMC8181418 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.625019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the potential effects of novel non-coding ribose nucleic acids (ncRNAs) in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). The gene expression profile of plasma cells was used for sequence analysis to explore the expression pattern of ncRNAs in MM. The expression patterns of non-coding RNAs in MM were analyzed by RNA sequencing (whole-transcriptome-specific RNA sequencing). Next, the expression of the selected ncRNAs was verified by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction. Further, the lncRNA-associated competitive endogenous RNA network in MM was elucidated using deep RNA-seq. Differentially expressed (DE) ncRNAs were significantly regulated in patients with MM. DE target lncRNAs were analyzed by cis and trans targeting prediction. Two new lncRNAs were shown to be related to MM oncogenes. MSTRG.155519 played a carcinogenic role in myeloma by targeting CEACAM1; MSTRG.13132 was related to FAM46C. Finally, the network of lncRNA–mRNA–miRNA in MM was constructed in this study. The expression of non-coding RNAs through sequence and functional analyses might be helpful for further studies on the pathogenesis of MM and the development of new MM-targeted therapy for non-coding RNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minqiu Lu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China.,Department of Hematology, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Fourth Medical College of Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yin Wu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Gao
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Guorong Wang
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Aijun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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Rodrigues-Junior DM, Pelarin MFDA, Nader HB, Vettore AL, Pinhal MAS. MicroRNA-1252-5p Associated with Extracellular Vesicles Enhances Bortezomib Sensitivity in Multiple Myeloma Cells by Targeting Heparanase. Onco Targets Ther 2021; 14:455-467. [PMID: 33488100 PMCID: PMC7814994 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s286751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable disease, and patient survival requires a better understanding of this malignancy's molecular aspects. Heparanase (HPSE) is highly expressed in aggressive MM cells and related to tumor growth, metastasis, and bortezomib (BTZ) resistance. Thus, targeting HPSE seems to be a promising approach for MM treatment, and because microRNAs (miRNAs) have emerged as potential regulators of HPSE expression, the use of extracellular vesicles (EVs) can allow the efficient delivery of therapeutic miRNAs. METHODS We used prediction algorithms to identify potential miRNAs that regulate negatively HPSE expression. RT-qPCR was performed to assess miRNAs and HPSE expression in MM lines (U266 and RPMI-8226). Synthetic miRNA mimics were electroporated in MM cells to understand the miRNA contribution in HPSE expression, glycosaminoglycans (GAGs) profile, cell proliferation, and cell death induced by BTZ. EVs derived from HEK293T cells were engineered with miRNAs to evaluate their therapeutic potential combined with BTZ. RESULTS It revealed a direct association between BTZ sensitivity, HPSE, and miR-1252-5p expressions. Moreover, overexpression of miR-1252-5p significantly reduced HPSE expression and HPSE enzymatic activity in MM cells. The higher level of miR-1252-5p was correlated with a reduction of cell viability and higher sensitivity to BTZ. Further, EVs carrying miR-1252-5p increased MM cells' sensitivity to BTZ treatment. CONCLUSION These results showed that miR-1252-5p could negatively regulate HPSE in MM, indicating the use of EVs carrying miR-1252-5p as a potential novel BTZ sensitization approach in MM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dorival Mendes Rodrigues-Junior
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Institute of Medical Biochemistry and Microbiology, Uppsala University, Uppsala, Sweden
| | | | - Helena Bonciani Nader
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
| | - André Luiz Vettore
- Department of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, Brazil
| | - Maria Aparecida Silva Pinhal
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidade Federal de São Paulo (UNIFESP), São Paulo, Brazil
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, Brazil
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW MiRNAs are critical regulators for gene expression. Numerous studies have revealed how miRNAs contribute to the pathogenesis of hematologic malignancies. RECENT FINDINGS The identification of novel miRNA regulatory factors and pathways crucial for miRNA dysregulation has been linked to hematologic malignancies. miRNA expression profiling has shown their potential to predict outcomes and treatment responses. Recently, targeting miRNA biogenesis or pathways has become a promising therapeutic strategy with recent miRNA-therapeutics being developed. SUMMARY We provide a comprehensive overview of the role of miRNAs for diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic potential in hematologic malignancies.
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Rong L, Li H, Li Z, Ouyang J, Ma Y, Song F, Chen Y. FAM83A as a Potential Biological Marker Is Regulated by miR-206 to Promote Cervical Cancer Progression Through PI3K/AKT/mTOR Pathway. Front Med (Lausanne) 2020; 7:608441. [PMID: 33344485 PMCID: PMC7746878 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.608441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objective: Chemotherapy and radiotherapy are effective treatment options for cervical cancer (CC), but their efficacy is limited by short survival rate of about 5 years particularly for advance stage CC. Bioinformatics analysis combined with experimental in vivo and in vitro data can identify potential markers of tumorigenesis and cancer progression to improve CC prognosis and survival rate of the patients. This study aims to investigate the prognostic value of family with sequence similarity 83, member A (FAM83A) gene and miR-206 in promoting CC progression and the involved genetic signaling pathways. Method: This was a bioinformatic analysis study based on RNA sequencing data of The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) databases and verification by in vivo and in vitro experimental data. It was designed to evaluate whether the aberrantly expressed gene signatures could serve as new potential biomarker to improve prognosis prediction in CC. The TCGA RNA sequencing data [306 cervical squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and endocervical adenocarcinoma samples and 13 adjacent samples] and GEO data (GSE9750 and GSE52903 datasets) were integrated and performed a bioinformatics analysis. Results: The results showed that CC-associated FAM83A gene serves as a key regulator of CC development and progression. Functionally, we observed that FAM83A is significantly overexpressed in CC, which is linked to poor overall survival as well as disease-free survival in CC patients. The in-vitro and in-vivo assessments performed after silencing FAM83A revealed that cell proliferation was significantly inhibited and the S-phase cell cycle arrest was induced. Mechanistically, FAM83A plays a role in PI3K/AKT signaling, and its downstream molecules could promote CC cell proliferation. Furthermore, functionality assessments by in-vitro luciferase reporter system and immunoblot analysis showed that miR-206 was the upstream of FAM83A and negatively correlated with FAM83A. Conclusion: The miR-206/FAM83A/PI3K/AKT signaling pathway possibly serves as a critical effector in CC progression indicating the potential prognostic value of FAM83A gene as a novel biomarker for CC progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Rong
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Haiyu Li
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhaodong Li
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Jing Ouyang
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yongping Ma
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Fangzhou Song
- Chongqing Public Health Medical Center, Chongqing, China
| | - Yaokai Chen
- Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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11
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Rastgoo N, Wu J, Liu A, Pourabdollah M, Atenafu EG, Reece D, Chen W, Chang H. Targeting CD47/TNFAIP8 by miR-155 overcomes drug resistance and inhibits tumor growth through induction of phagocytosis and apoptosis in multiple myeloma. Haematologica 2020; 105:2813-2823. [PMID: 33256380 PMCID: PMC7716364 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2019.227579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms of drug resistance in multiple myeloma are poorly understood. Here we show that CD47, an integrin-associated receptor, is significantly upregulated in drug resistant myeloma cells in comparison with parental cells, and that high expression of CD47 detected by immunohistochemistry is associated with shorter progression free and overall survivals in multiple myeloma patients. We show that miR-155 is expressed at low levels in drug resistant myeloma cells and is a direct regulator of CD47 through its 3'UTR. Furthermore, low miR-155 levels are associated with advanced stages of disease. MiR-155 overexpression suppressed CD47 expression on myeloma cell surface, leading to induction of phagocytosis of myeloma cells by macrophages and inhibition of tumor growth. MiR-155 overexpression also re-sensitized drug-resistant myeloma cells to bortezomib leading to cell death through targeting TNFAIP8, a negative mediator of apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. Thus, miR-155 mimics may serve as a promising new therapeutic modality by promoting phagocytosis and inducing apoptosis in patients with refractory/relapsed multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Rastgoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Aijun Liu
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital University Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Maryam Pourabdollah
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Eshetu G. Atenafu
- Department of Biostatistics, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Donna Reece
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Health Network, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Wenming Chen
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital University Beijing, Beijing, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Hematology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital University Beijing, Beijing, China
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12
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Tanasi I, Adamo A, Kamga PT, Bazzoni R, Krampera M. High-throughput analysis and functional interpretation of extracellular vesicle content in hematological malignancies. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2020; 18:2670-2677. [PMID: 33101605 PMCID: PMC7554250 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2020.09.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) are membrane-coated particles secreted by virtually all cell types in response to different stimuli, both in physiological and pathological conditions. Their content generally reflects their biological functions and includes a variety of molecules, such as nucleic acids, proteins and cellular components. The role of EVs as signaling vehicles has been widely demonstrated. In particular, they are actively involved in the pathogenesis of several hematological malignancies (HM), mainly interacting with a number of target cells and inducing functional and epigenetic changes. In this regard, by releasing their cargo, EVs play a pivotal role in the bilateral cross-talk between tumor microenvironment and cancer cells, thus facilitating mechanisms of immune escape and supporting tumor growth and progression. Recent advances in high-throughput technologies have allowed the deep characterization and functional interpretation of EV content. In this review, the current knowledge on the high-throughput technology-based characterization of EV cargo in HM is summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Tanasi
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Annalisa Adamo
- Department of Medicine, Immunology Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Paul Takam Kamga
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Riccardo Bazzoni
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Verona, Italy
| | - Mauro Krampera
- Department of Medicine, Hematology Section, University of Verona, Italy
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13
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MicroRNAs-Based Nano-Strategies as New Therapeutic Approach in Multiple Myeloma to Overcome Disease Progression and Drug Resistance. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093084. [PMID: 32349317 PMCID: PMC7247691 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs, or miRs) are single-strand short non-coding RNAs with a pivotal role in the regulation of physiological- or disease-associated cellular processes. They bind to target miRs modulating gene expression at post-transcriptional levels. Here, we present an overview of miRs deregulation in the pathogenesis of multiple myeloma (MM), and discuss the potential use of miRs/nanocarriers association in clinic. Since miRs can act as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, strategies based on their inhibition and/or replacement represent the new opportunities in cancer therapy. The miRs delivery systems include liposomes, polymers, and exosomes that increase their physical stability and prevent nuclease degradation. Phase I/II clinical trials support the importance of miRs as an innovative therapeutic approach in nanomedicine to prevent cancer progression and drug resistance. Results in clinical practice are promising.
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14
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Chen F, Wang X, Fu S, Wang S, Fu Y, Zhang J, Liu Z. Circular RNA circ-CDYL sponges miR-1180 to elevate yes-associated protein in multiple myeloma. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 245:925-932. [PMID: 32321304 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220918191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT Multiple myeloma (MM) is an extremely complex and heterogeneous disease, and its pathogenesis is poorly understood. Here, we described an important MM-related circular RNA (circRNA), circ-CDYL. It was remarkably increased in both MM cells and plasma. Depletion of circ-CDYL evidently stunted MM growth. Circ-CDYL could absorb miR-1180 and alleviated the repression of miR-1180 on YAP, leading to increased YAP expression, ultimately triggering MM uncontrolled growth. Therefore, our findings advance the understanding of MM pathogenesis, and also raise the possibility of considering circ-CDYL as a potential therapeutic intervention for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Chen
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, P.R. China.,Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Wang
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, P.R. China
| | - Shuang Fu
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, P.R. China
| | - Shaokun Wang
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, P.R. China
| | - Yu Fu
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, P.R. China
| | - Jihong Zhang
- Department of Hematology Laboratory, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, P.R. China
| | - Zhuogang Liu
- Department of Hematology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110022, P.R. China
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15
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Wu H, Liu C, Yang Q, Xin C, Du J, Sun F, Zhou L. MIR145-3p promotes autophagy and enhances bortezomib sensitivity in multiple myeloma by targeting HDAC4. Autophagy 2020; 16:683-697. [PMID: 31242129 PMCID: PMC7138223 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2019.1635380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Revised: 06/19/2019] [Accepted: 06/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable plasma cell malignancy with poor survival. Autophagy, a stress-responsive catabolic process mediated by lysosomal activity, plays a crucial role in the pathophysiology of MM. Growing evidence has indicated that dysregulated microRNAs (miRNAs) are associated with the aberrant autophagy in various human cancers. However, to date, few miRNAs have been reported to directly modulate autophagy in the pathobiology of MM. In this study, we investigated the role of MIR145-3p (microRNA 145-3p) in MM, with focus on cellular processes autophagy and cell death. Our results provided evidence that downregulation of MIR145-3p expression was associated with disease progression in human MM. MIR145-3p triggered autophagic flux through direct targeting of HDAC4 (histone deacetylase 4) in MM cells, leading to enhanced apoptosis. Silencing HDAC4 recapitulated the effects of MIR145-3p, whereas enforced expression of HDAC4 abrogated the effects of MIR145-3p. Furthermore, we showed that suppression of HDAC4 by MIR145-3p resulted in upregulation of the pro-apoptotic protein BCL2L11 and caused MTORC1 inactivation, which in turn led to enhanced autophagy and cell death. Importantly, we demonstrated that MIR145-3p mimic could potentiate the anti-MM activity of bortezomib in both in vitro and in vivo experiments. Overall, our findings indicate that MIR145-3p exerted a tumor suppression function in MM by inducing autophagic cell death and suggest that MIR145-3p-based targeted therapy would represent a novel strategy for MM treatment.Abbreviations: 3-MA: 3-methyladenine; 3'-UTR: 3'-untranslated region; 7-AAD: 7-aminoactinomycin D; ACTB: actin beta; ANXA5: annexin A5; ATG5: autophagy related 5; ATG7: autophagy related 7; B2M: beta-2-microglobulin; BAF: bafilomycin A1; BCL2L11: BCL2 like 11; Bort: bortezomib; CASP3: caspase 3; CCK-8: Cell Counting Kit-8; CQ: chloroquine; Ct: threshold cycle; ctrl: control; DAPI: 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole; GAPDH: glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HDAC4: histone deacetylase 4; ISS: International Staging System; MAP1LC3B: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3 beta; miRNAs: microRNAs; MIR145-3p: microRNA 145-3p; MM: multiple myeloma; mRNA: messenger RNA; MTOR: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PCs: plasma cells; PFS: progression-free survival; qRT-PCR: quantitative reverse transcription PCR; RPS6KB1: ribosomal protein S6 kinase B1; SD: standard deviation; siRNA: small interfering RNA; SQSTM1: sequestosome 1; STV: starvation; TUBB: tubulin beta class I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongkun Wu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chang Liu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Qingyuan Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Chengde Xin
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Juan Du
- Department of Hematology, The Myeloma & Lymphoma Center, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Fenyong Sun
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Tenth People’s Hospital of Tongji University, Shanghai, P.R. China
| | - Lin Zhou
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Changzheng Hospital, Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, P.R. China
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16
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Hu Y, Liu H, Fang C, Li C, Xhyliu F, Dysert H, Bodo J, Habermehl G, Russell BE, Li W, Chappell M, Jiang X, Ondrejka SL, Hsi ED, Maciejewski JP, Yi Q, Anderson KC, Munshi NC, Ao G, Valent JN, Lin J, Zhao J. Targeting of CD38 by the Tumor Suppressor miR-26a Serves as a Novel Potential Therapeutic Agent in Multiple Myeloma. Cancer Res 2020; 80:2031-2044. [PMID: 32193289 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-19-1077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Revised: 08/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is an incurable refractory hematologic malignancy arising from plasma cells in the bone marrow. Here we investigated miR-26a function in multiple myeloma and tested single-wall carbon nanotube delivery of miR-26a in vitro and in vivo. miR-26a was downregulated in patients with multiple myeloma cells compared with plasma cells from healthy donors. miR-26a overexpression inhibited proliferation and migration and induced apoptosis in multiple myeloma cell lines. To identify the targets of miR-26a, RPMI8226-V-miR-26-GFP and RPMI8226-V-GFP cells were cultured using stable isotope labeling by amino acids in cell culture (SILAC) medium, followed by mass spectrometry analysis. In multiple myeloma cells overexpressing miR-26a, CD38 protein was downregulated and subsequently confirmed to be a direct target of miR-26a. Depletion of CD38 in multiple myeloma cells duplicated the multiple myeloma inhibition observed with exogenous expression of miR-26a, whereas restoration of CD38 overcame the inhibition of miR-26a in multiple myeloma cells. In a human multiple myeloma xenograft mouse model, overexpression of miR-26a inhibited CD38 expression, provoked cell apoptosis, and inhibited cell proliferation. Daratumumab is the first CD38 antibody drug for monotherapy and combination therapy for patients with multiple myeloma, but eventually resistance develops. In multiple myeloma cells, CD38 remained at low level during daratumumab treatment, but a high-quality response is sustained. In daratumumab-resistant multiple myeloma cells, CD38 expression was completely restored but failed to correlate with daratumumab-induced cell death. Therefore, a therapeutic strategy to confer selection pressure to maintain low CD38 expression in multiple myeloma cells may have clinical benefit. SIGNIFICANCE: These results highlight the tumor suppressor function of miR-26a via its targeting of CD38 and suggest the therapeutic potential of miR-26a in patients with multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Huimin Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Chuanfeng Fang
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Chen Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,College of Food Science and Technology, Agricultural University of Hebei, Baoding, Hebei, China
| | - Fjorela Xhyliu
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Hayley Dysert
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Juraj Bodo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Gabriel Habermehl
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Benjamin E Russell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Wenjun Li
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.,Department of Gastroenterology, The Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai, China
| | - Marcia Chappell
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Xiaofeng Jiang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Sarah L Ondrejka
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Eric D Hsi
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Robert J. Tomsich Pathology & Laboratory Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jaroslaw P Maciejewski
- Department of Translational Hematology & Oncology Research, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Qing Yi
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Geyou Ao
- Department of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jason N Valent
- Department of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Taussig Cancer Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio
| | - Jianhong Lin
- Department of Genetics and Genome Sciences, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio.
| | - Jianjun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio.
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17
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Trivedi M, Johri P, Singh A, Singh R, Tiwari RK. Latest Tools in Fight Against Cancer: Nanomedicines. Nanobiomedicine (Rij) 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9898-9_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/30/2023] Open
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18
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Taiana E, Favasuli V, Ronchetti D, Todoerti K, Pelizzoni F, Manzoni M, Barbieri M, Fabris S, Silvestris I, Gallo Cantafio ME, Platonova N, Zuccalà V, Maltese L, Soncini D, Ruberti S, Cea M, Chiaramonte R, Amodio N, Tassone P, Agnelli L, Neri A. Long non-coding RNA NEAT1 targeting impairs the DNA repair machinery and triggers anti-tumor activity in multiple myeloma. Leukemia 2019; 34:234-244. [PMID: 31427718 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-019-0542-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2019] [Revised: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The biological role and therapeutic potential of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in multiple myeloma (MM) are still open questions. Herein, we investigated the functional significance of the oncogenic lncRNA nuclear paraspeckle assembly transcript 1 (NEAT1) in MM. Our study demonstrates that NEAT1 expression level is higher in MM than in the majority of hematological malignancies. NEAT1 silencing by novel LNA-gapmeR antisense oligonucleotide inhibits MM cell proliferation and triggers apoptosis in vitro and in vivo murine MM model as well. By transcriptome analyses, we found that NEAT1 targeting downregulates genes involved in DNA repair processes including the Homologous Recombination pathway, which in turn results in massive DNA damage. These findings may explain the synergistic impact on apoptosis observed in MM cell lines co-treated with inhibitors of both NEAT1 and PARP. The translational significance of NEAT1 targeting is further underlined by its synergistic effects with the most common drugs administered for MM treatment, including bortezomib, carfilzomib, and melphalan. Overall, NEAT1 silencing is associated with a chemo-sensitizing effect of both conventional and novel therapies, and its targeting could therefore represent a promising strategy for novel anti-MM therapeutic options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Taiana
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Vanessa Favasuli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Domenica Ronchetti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Katia Todoerti
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Martina Manzoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marzia Barbieri
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Sonia Fabris
- Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Ilaria Silvestris
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | | | | | | | | | - Debora Soncini
- Department of Internal Medicine, DiMI, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Samantha Ruberti
- Department of Internal Medicine, DiMI, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | - Michele Cea
- Department of Internal Medicine, DiMI, University of Genova, Genova, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy.,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Luca Agnelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy. .,Hematology, Fondazione Cà Granda IRCCS Policlinico, Milan, Italy.
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19
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Expanding the repertoire of miRNAs and miRNA-offset RNAs expressed in multiple myeloma by small RNA deep sequencing. Blood Cancer J 2019; 9:21. [PMID: 30783080 PMCID: PMC6381125 DOI: 10.1038/s41408-019-0184-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Microarray analysis of the multiple myeloma (MM) miRNome has unraveled the differential expression of miRNAs in cytogenetic subgroups, their involvement in the tumor biology and their effectiveness in prognostic models. Herein, the small RNA transcriptional landscape in MM has been investigated exploiting the possibilities offered by small RNA-seq, including accurate quantification of known mature species, discovery and characterization of isomiRs, and miRNA-offset RNAs (moRNAs). Matched small RNA-seq and miRNA GeneChip® microarray expression profiles were obtained in a representative panel of 30 primary MM tumors, fully characterized for genomic aberrations and mutations. RNA-seq and microarray gave concordant estimations of known species. Enhanced analysis of RNA-seq data with the miR&moRe pipeline led to the characterization of 655 known and 17 new mature miRNAs and of 74 moRNAs expressed in the considered cohort, 5 of which (moR-150-3p, moR-24-2-5p, moR-421-5p, moR-21-5p, and moR-6724-5p) at high level. Ectopic expression of miR-135a-3p in t(4;14) patients, upregulation of moR-150-3p and moR-21-5p in t(14;16)/t(14;20) samples, and of moR-6724-1-5p in patients overexpressing CCND1 were uncovered and validated by qRT-PCR. Overall, RNA-seq offered a more complete overview of small non-coding RNA in MM tumors, indicating specific moRNAs that demand further investigations to explore their role in MM biology.
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20
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Lin J, Hu Y, Zhao JJ. Repression of Multiple Myeloma Cell Growth In Vivo by Single-wall Carbon Nanotube (SWCNT)-delivered MALAT1 Antisense Oligos. J Vis Exp 2018. [PMID: 30596388 DOI: 10.3791/58598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The single-wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) is a new type of nanoparticle, which has been used to deliver multiple kinds of drugs into cells, such as proteins, oligonucleotides, and synthetic small-molecule drugs. The SWCNT has customizable dimensions, a large superficial area, and can flexibly bind with drugs through different modifications on its surface; therefore, it is an ideal system to transport drugs into cells. Long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) are a cluster of noncoding RNA longer than 200 nt, which cannot be translated to protein but play an important role in biological and pathophysiological processes. Metastasis-associated lung adenocarcinoma transcript 1 (MALAT1) is a highly conserved lncRNA. It was demonstrated that higher MALAT1 levels are related to the poor prognosis of various cancers, including multiple myeloma (MM). We have revealed that MALAT1 regulates DNA repair and cell death in MM; thus, MALAT1 can be considered as a therapeutic target for MM. However, the efficient delivery of the antisense oligo to inhibit/knockdown MALAT1 in vivo is still a problem. In this study, we modify the SWCNT with PEG-2000 and conjugate an anti-MALAT1 oligo to it, test the delivery of this compound in vitro, inject it intravenously into a disseminated MM mouse model, and observe a significant inhibition of MM progression, which indicates that SWCNT is an ideal delivery shuttle for anti-MALAT1 gapmer DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhong Lin
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic; Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School
| | - Yi Hu
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic
| | - Jian-Jun Zhao
- Department of Cancer Biology, Lerner Research Institute, Cleveland Clinic;
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21
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Tian F, Zhan Y, Zhu W, Li J, Tang M, Chen X, Jiang J. MicroRNA-497 inhibits multiple myeloma growth and increases susceptibility to bortezomib by targeting Bcl-2. Int J Mol Med 2018; 43:1058-1066. [PMID: 30535471 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2018.4019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a common severe hematopoietic malignancy occuring in aged population. MicroRNA (miR)‑497 was previously reported to contribute to the apoptosis of other cell types, presumably through targeting B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2). In the present study, miRNA and protein expression levels were detected by reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction and western blot analyses, respectively. The cell proliferation and viability was measured using 3‑(4,5‑dimethylthiazol‑2‑yl)‑2, 5‑diphenyltetrazolium bromide and plate clonality assays, and the cell growth cycle was measured with a flow cytometer. Terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT)‑mediated dUTP nick‑end‑labeling, Annexin V and caspase‑3 activity assays were performed to examine the cell apoptotic rates. The results showed that miR‑497 was markedly decreased, whereas Bcl‑2 was enhanced in MM tissues and cell lines. miR‑497 targeted Bcl‑2 and affected its downstream apoptosis‑related genes. The overexpression of miR‑497 promoted MM cell apoptosis through cell cycle arrest, and decreased colony genesis ability and viability. In addition, miR‑497 increased the sensitivity of MM cells to bortezomib. Taken together, miR‑497 suppressed MM cell proliferation and promoted apoptosis by directly targeting Bcl‑2 and altering the expression of downstream apoptosis‑related proteins. The combination of miR‑497 and bortezomib may enhance drug sensitivity, serving as a potentially available therapeutic method for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faqing Tian
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Yong Zhan
- Department of Pathology, School of Basic Medicine, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan, Guangdong 523808, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhu
- Department of Radiology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China, P.R. China
| | - Juheng Li
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Meiqin Tang
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohui Chen
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
| | - Jian Jiang
- Department of Hematology, Longgang District People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518172, P.R. China
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22
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Yang Q, Shen X, Su Z, Ju S. Emerging roles of noncoding RNAs in multiple myeloma: A review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:7957-7969. [PMID: 30370557 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 09/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematologic malignancy characterized by unrestricted secretion of monoclonal immunoglobulin and uncontrolled plasma cell proliferation. Extra-medullary infiltration and drug resistance are two major obstacles in the treatment of MM. To solve these problems, it is necessary to elucidate the underlying pathological mechanisms and find new therapeutic targets. Noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs), which were once considered "transcriptional noise," have been recognized as crucial regulators in the process of tumorigenesis including MM. Increasing evidence has shown that ncRNAs participate in MM pathogenesis via a series of complex cellular or extracellular processes. This review article summarizes examples of ncRNAs involved in myelosis and discusses their potential as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in the diagnosis and treatment of myelosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Yang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China.,Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Xianjuan Shen
- Research Center of Clinical Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Zhangyao Su
- Medical School of Nantong University, Nantong, China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, China
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23
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Szymczyk A, Macheta A, Podhorecka M. Abnormal microRNA expression in the course of hematological malignancies. Cancer Manag Res 2018; 10:4267-4277. [PMID: 30349361 PMCID: PMC6183594 DOI: 10.2147/cmar.s174476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Research on the carcinogenesis process is currently focused primarily on understanding its genetic basis and molecular abnormalities that may be predictive factors and therapeutic targets. It was clearly confirmed recently that microRNAs are involved in the mechanisms of leukocyte development, differentiation, and apoptosis, as well as in the pathogenesis of proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system. Currently, research strategies allow determination of the deregulation of microRNA profiles in relation to other cytogenetic aberrations, as well as prognostic factors and primary end points. The problem of the possibility of their use as therapeutic targets is also increasingly discussed. In this article, we analyze literature data on abnormalities in microRNA expression in proliferative diseases of the hematopoietic system in the context of classic cytogenetic and molecular aberrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnieszka Szymczyk
- Independent Clinical Transplantology Unit, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland,
| | - Arkadiusz Macheta
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Podhorecka
- Department of Haematooncology and Bone Marrow Transplantation, Medical University of Lublin, Lublin, Poland
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24
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Wu Z, Cai L, Lu J, Wang CD, Guan J, Chen X, Wu J, Zheng W, Wu Z, Li Q, Su Z. MicroRNA-93 mediates cabergoline-resistance by targeting ATG7 in prolactinoma. J Endocrinol 2018; 240:JOE-18-0203.R1. [PMID: 30389900 DOI: 10.1530/joe-18-0203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Accepted: 09/24/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
To date, the management of dopamine agonist (DA)-resistant prolactinomas remains a major clinical problem. Previously, we determined that miRNA-93 expression increases in DA-resistant prolactinomas; however, the role of miRNA-93 in the DA resistance remains largely unexplored. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the susceptibility of tumor cells to cabergoline (CAB) and the autophagy changes in MMQ and GH3 cells after miRNA-93 overexpression or inhibition. We used bioinformatics to identify the potential target of miRNA-93. Subsequently, we analyzed the correlation between miRNA-93 and autophagy-related 7 (ATG7) using protein expression analysis and luciferase assays. Furthermore, the change in the effect of miRNA-93 was measured after ATG7 overexpression. miRNA-93 expression was elevated in DA-resistant prolactinomas, whereas the expression of its identified target, ATG7, was downregulated. miRNA-93 overexpression suppressed the cytotoxic effect of CAB in MMQ and GH3 cells. In contrast, miRNA-93 downregulation enhanced CAB efficiency and promoted cell autophagy, eventually resulting in apoptosis. These results were further confirmed in vivo xenograft models in nude mice. ATG7 overexpression could reverse the inhibitory effect of miRNA-93 on CAB treatment. Taken together, our results suggest that miRNA-93 mediates CAB resistance via autophagy downregulation by targeting ATG7 and serves as a promising therapeutic target for prolactinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zerui Wu
- Z Wu, Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Lin Cai
- L Cai, Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jianglong Lu
- J Lu, Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Cheng De Wang
- C Wang, neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jiaqing Guan
- J Guan, Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Xianbin Chen
- X Chen, Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Jinsen Wu
- J Wu, Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Weiming Zheng
- W Zheng, Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhebao Wu
- Z Wu, Neurosurgery, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Qun Li
- Q Li, Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Zhipeng Su
- Z Su, Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
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25
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Abstract
This study aims to investigate the role of miR-181a in multiple myeloma (MM). Fresh peripheral blood and bone marrows were collected. Expression of miR-181a, BCL-2 mRNA, and NOVA1 mRNA was detected by RT-qPCR. The correlation between miR-181a and clinical features of MM was further analyzed. miR-181a in serum and bone marrow mononuclear cells of MM patients were significantly higher. And, miR-181a level was significantly higher in MM Durie-Salmon stage III than that in stage I+II. miR-181a was positively correlated to Durie-Salmon staging, age, kidney injury, bone injury, β2-MG whereas negatively related to red blood cell, hemoglobin, and albumin. Additionally, BCL-2 and NOVA1 were predicted to be downstream targets of miR-181a. BCL-2 mRNA was significantly higher in the bone marrow mononuclear cells from MM patients. To sum up, the miR-181a expression is increased in peripheral blood and bone marrow of MM patients and is closely related to the clinical pathological indicators of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruili Yuan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an
| | - Jinyu Yang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, An’kang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, An’kang
| | - Jing Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Xi’an Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Xi’an, China
| | - Lina Liu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an
| | - Xuan Guo
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an
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26
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Islas JF, Moreno-Cuevas JE. A MicroRNA Perspective on Cardiovascular Development and Diseases: An Update. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E2075. [PMID: 30018214 PMCID: PMC6073753 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19072075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2018] [Revised: 07/02/2018] [Accepted: 07/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this review, we summarize the latest research pertaining to MicroRNAs (miRs) related to cardiovascular diseases. In today's molecular age, the key clinical aspects of diagnosing and treating these type of diseases are crucial, and miRs play an important role. Therefore, we have made a thorough analysis discussing the most important candidate protagonists of many pathways relating to such conditions as atherosclerosis, heart failure, myocardial infarction, and congenital heart disorders. We approach miRs initially from the fundamental molecular aspects and look at their role in developmental pathways, as well as regulatory mechanisms dysregulated under specific cardiovascular conditions. By doing so, we can better understand their functional roles. Next, we look at therapeutic aspects, including delivery and inhibition techniques. We conclude that a personal approach for treatment is paramount, and so understanding miRs is strategic for cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jose Francisco Islas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Grupo de Investigación con Enfoque Estratégico en Bioingeniería y Medicina Regenerativa, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, NL 64710, Mexico.
| | - Jorge Eugenio Moreno-Cuevas
- Tecnologico de Monterrey, Grupo de Investigación con Enfoque Estratégico en Bioingeniería y Medicina Regenerativa, Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Ave. Morones Prieto 3000, Monterrey, NL 64710, Mexico.
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27
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Zhu B, Ju S, Chu H, Shen X, Zhang Y, Luo X, Cong H. The potential function of microRNAs as biomarkers and therapeutic targets in multiple myeloma. Oncol Lett 2018; 15:6094-6106. [PMID: 29731841 PMCID: PMC5920744 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2018.8157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2016] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM), accounting for ~1% of all types of human cancer and 13% of all hematological malignancies, is characterized by the malignant proliferation of monoclonal plasma cells (PCs) in the bone marrow. MM leads to end stage organ impairment, including bone lesions, renal dysfunction, hypercalcemia and anemia. So far, the specific pathogenesis of MM remains unclear and no early-stage sensitive biomarker of MM has been well characterized. Furthermore, treating MM is difficult, as the majority of patients eventually relapse or become refractory following treatment using presently available methods. To date, a number of studies have demonstrated that microRNAs (miRNAs) may serve crucial functions in the progression of numerous cancers, including MM. During the tumorigenesis and pathogenesis of MM, there are multiple carcinogenic events that involve the pernicious transformation from normal to malignant PCs. miRNAs, as oncogenes or tumor suppressors, regulate MM progression-related signaling pathways. In the present review, the up-to-date preliminary basic studies and associated clinical works on the underlying mechanisms of aberrant miRNA profiling in MM have been summarized, including an evaluation of its value as a potential biomarker and a novel therapeutic strategy for MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingying Zhu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Shaoqing Ju
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Haidan Chu
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Xianjuan Shen
- Surgical Comprehensive Laboratory, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Xi Luo
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
| | - Hui Cong
- Laboratory Medicine Center, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu 226000, P.R. China
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28
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Dysregulation of EZH2/miR-138 axis contributes to drug resistance in multiple myeloma by downregulating RBPMS. Leukemia 2018; 32:2471-2482. [PMID: 29743723 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0140-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Revised: 04/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
EZH2 is highly expressed in multiple myeloma (MM). However, the molecular mechanisms underlying EZH2 overexpression and its role in drug resistance of MM remain undefined. Here we show that EZH2 is upregulated in drug-resistant MM cells and its aberrant overexpression is associated with poor prognosis of MM patients. Overexpression of EZH2 in parental MM cells renders them resistant to anti-myeloma drugs and suppression of EZH2 displays the opposite effects. Using miRNA target scan algorithms, we identify miR-138 as a regulator of EZH2, which is conversely repressed by EZH2-induced H3K27 trimethylation in MM-resistant cell lines and primary tumor cells. Analysis of ChIP-seq dataset and H3K27me3 ChIP reveals that RBPMS is a direct and functionally relevant target of EZH2. RBPMS silencing confers resistance to MM cells and restoration of RBPMS by miR-138 overexpression re-sensitizes the resistant cells to drug. Importantly, in vivo delivery of miR-138 mimics or pharmacological inhibitor of EZH2 in combination with a proteasome inhibitor, bortezomib, induces significant regression of tumors in xenograft model. This study establishes EZH2/miR-138 axis as a potential therapeutic target for MM.
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29
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Amodio N, Stamato MA, Juli G, Morelli E, Fulciniti M, Manzoni M, Taiana E, Agnelli L, Cantafio MEG, Romeo E, Raimondi L, Caracciolo D, Zuccalà V, Rossi M, Neri A, Munshi NC, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Drugging the lncRNA MALAT1 via LNA gapmeR ASO inhibits gene expression of proteasome subunits and triggers anti-multiple myeloma activity. Leukemia 2018; 32:1948-1957. [PMID: 29487387 PMCID: PMC6127082 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-018-0067-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2017] [Revised: 01/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The biological role and therapeutic potential of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in multiple myeloma (MM) are still to be investigated. Here, we studied the functional significance and the druggability of the oncogenic lncRNA MALAT1 in MM. Targeting MALAT1 by novel LNA-gapmeR antisense oligonucleotide antagonized MM cell proliferation and triggered apoptosis both in vitro and in vivo in a murine xenograft model of human MM. Of note, antagonism of MALAT1 downmodulated the two major transcriptional activators of proteasome subunit genes, namely NRF1 and NRF2, and resulted in reduced trypsin, chymotrypsin and caspase-like proteasome activities and in accumulation of polyubiquitinated proteins. NRF1 and NRF2 decrease upon MALAT1 targeting was due to transcriptional activation of their negative regulator KEAP1, and resulted in reduced expression of anti-oxidant genes and increased ROS levels. In turn, NRF1 promoted MALAT1 expression thus establishing a positive feedback loop. Our findings demonstrate a crucial role of MALAT1 in the regulation of the proteasome machinery, and provide proof-of-concept that its targeting is a novel powerful option for the treatment of MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Maria Angelica Stamato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Giada Juli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Fulciniti
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martina Manzoni
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Taiana
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Luca Agnelli
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Enrica Romeo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering, Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Palermo, Italy
| | - Daniele Caracciolo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | | | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Oncology and Hemato-oncology, University of Milan, Milan, Italy.,Hematology Unit, Fondazione IRCCS Cà Granda, Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico, Milan, Italy
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University of Catanzaro, Catanzaro, Italy. .,Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
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30
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Cruz-Gil S, Sanchez-Martinez R, Gomez de Cedron M, Martin-Hernandez R, Vargas T, Molina S, Herranz J, Davalos A, Reglero G, Ramirez de Molina A. Targeting the lipid metabolic axis ACSL/SCD in colorectal cancer progression by therapeutic miRNAs: miR-19b-1 role. J Lipid Res 2018; 59:14-24. [PMID: 29074607 PMCID: PMC5748493 DOI: 10.1194/jlr.m076752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
An abnormal acyl-CoA synthetase/stearoyl-CoA desaturase (ACSL/SCD) lipid network fuels colon cancer progression, endowing cells with invasive and migratory properties. Therapies against this metabolic network may be useful to improve clinical outcomes. Because micro-RNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are important epigenetic regulators, we investigated novel miRNAs targeting this pro-tumorigenic axis; hence to be used as therapeutic or prognostic miRNAs. Thirty-one putative common miRNAs were predicted to simultaneously target the three enzymes comprising the ACSL/SCD network. Target validation by quantitative RT-PCR, Western blotting, and luciferase assays showed miR-544a, miR-142, and miR-19b-1 as major regulators of the metabolic axis, ACSL/SCD Importantly, lower miR-19b-1 expression was associated with a decreased survival rate in colorectal cancer (CRC) patients, accordingly with ACSL/SCD involvement in patient relapse. Finally, miR-19b-1 regulated the pro-tumorigenic axis, ACSL/SCD, being able to inhibit invasion in colon cancer cells. Because its expression correlated with an increased survival rate in CRC patients, we propose miR-19b-1 as a potential noninvasive biomarker of disease-free survival and a promising therapeutic miRNA in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Cruz-Gil
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ruth Sanchez-Martinez
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Gomez de Cedron
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Roberto Martin-Hernandez
- Bioinformatics Unit, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Teodoro Vargas
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Susana Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Jesús Herranz
- Biostatistics Unit, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alberto Davalos
- Disorders of Lipid Metabolism and Molecular Nutrition Group, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guillermo Reglero
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Ramirez de Molina
- Molecular Oncology and Nutritional Genomics of Cancer Group, Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados (IMDEA) Food Institute, CEI UAM+CSIC, Madrid, Spain
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31
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Rastgoo N, Abdi J, Hou J, Chang H. Role of epigenetics-microRNA axis in drug resistance of multiple myeloma. J Hematol Oncol 2017; 10:121. [PMID: 28623912 PMCID: PMC5474298 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-017-0492-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite administration of novel therapies, multiple myeloma (MM) remains incurable with resistance to drugs leading to relapse in most patients. Thus, it is critical to understand the detailed mechanisms underlying the drug resistance of MM and develop more effective therapeutic strategies. Genetic abnormalities are well known to play a central role in MM pathogenesis and therapy resistance; however, epigenetic aberrations mainly affecting the patterns of DNA methylation/histone modifications of genes (especially tumor suppressors) and miRNAs have also been shown to be involved. Importantly, while epigenetic silencing of miRNAs in MM is well documented, some epigenetic markers are known to be direct targets of miRNAs particularly the recently described "epimiRNAs". Drugs targeting epigenetic modifiers (e.g., HDACs, EZH2) can sensitize MM-resistant cells to anti-myeloma drugs and reversibility of epigenetic changes makes these drugs promising therapeutic agents. Therefore, combination of miRNA mimics with inhibitors of epigenetic modifiers would be a more potent therapeutic strategy in MM patients in relapse or refractory to treatments. In this review, we will discuss the findings of recent investigations on epigenetics/miRNA regulatory axis in development of drug resistance in MM and highlight possible approaches for therapeutic applications of such interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasrin Rastgoo
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jahangir Abdi
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Jian Hou
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Hong Chang
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Toronto General Research Institute, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Hematology, Shanghai Chang Zheng Hospital, Shanghai, China
- Department of Laboratory Hematology and Medical Oncology, University Health Network, 200 Elizabeth Street, 11E-413, Toronto, ON M5G 2C4 Canada
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32
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miRNAs in multiple myeloma--a survival relevant complex regulator of gene expression. Oncotarget 2016; 6:39165-83. [PMID: 26472281 PMCID: PMC4770764 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2015] [Accepted: 09/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose microRNAs regulate gene-expression in biological and pathophysiological processes, including multiple myeloma. Here we address i) What are the number and magnitude of changes in miRNA-expression between normal plasma cells and myeloma- or MGUS-samples, and the latter two? ii) What is the biological relevance and how does miRNA-expression impact on gene-expression? iii) Is there a prognostic significance, and what is its background? Experimental design Ninety-two purified myeloma-, MGUS-, normal plasma cell- and myeloma cell line-samples were investigated using miChip-arrays interrogating 559 human miRNAs. Impact on gene-expression was assessed by Affymetrix DNA-microarrays in two cohorts of myeloma patients (n = 677); chromosomal aberrations were assessed by iFISH, survival for 592 patients undergoing up-front high-dose chemotherapy. Results Compared to normal plasma cells, 67/559 miRNAs (12%) with fold changes of 4.6 to −3.1 are differentially expressed in myeloma-, 20 (3.6%) in MGUS-samples, and three (0.5%) between MGUS and myeloma. Expression of miRNAs is associated with proliferation, chromosomal aberrations, tumor mass, and gene expression-based risk-scores. This holds true for target-gene signatures of regulated mRNAs. miRNA-expression confers prognostic significance for event-free and overall survival, as do respective target-gene signatures. Conclusions The myeloma-miRNome confers a pattern of small changes of individual miRNAs impacting on gene-expression, biological functions, and survival.
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Molecular Mechanisms of p53 Deregulation in Cancer: An Overview in Multiple Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17122003. [PMID: 27916892 PMCID: PMC5187803 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17122003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 11/14/2016] [Accepted: 11/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The p53 pathway is inactivated in the majority of human cancers. Although this perturbation frequently occurs through the mutation or deletion of p53 itself, there are other mechanisms that can attenuate the pathway and contribute to tumorigenesis. For example, overexpression of important p53 negative regulators, such as murine double minute 2 (MDM2) or murine double minute 4 (MDM4), epigenetic deregulation, or even alterations in TP53 mRNA splicing. In this work, we will review the different mechanisms of p53 pathway inhibition in cancer with special focus on multiple myeloma (MM), the second most common hematological malignancy, with low incidence of p53 mutations/deletions but growing evidence of indirect p53 pathway deregulation. Translational implications for MM and cancer prognosis and treatment are also reviewed.
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34
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Su R, Gong JN, Chen MT, Song L, Shen C, Zhang XH, Yin XL, Ning HM, Liu B, Wang F, Ma YN, Zhao HL, Yu J, Zhang JW. c-Myc suppresses miR-451⊣YWTAZ/AKT axis via recruiting HDAC3 in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 7:77430-77443. [PMID: 27764807 PMCID: PMC5363596 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant activation of c-Myc plays an important oncogenic role via regulating a series of coding and non-coding genes in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Histone deacetylases (HDACs) can remove acetyl group from histone and regulate gene expression via changing chromatin structure. Here, we found miR-451 is abnormally down-regulated in AML patient samples; c-Myc recruits HDAC3 to form a transcriptional suppressor complex, co-localizes on the miR-451 promoter, epigenetically inhibits its transcription and finally induces its downregulation in AML. Furthermore, our in vitro and in vivo results suggest that miR-451 functions as a tumor suppressor via promoting apoptosis and suppressing malignant cell proliferation. The mechanistic study demonstrated that miR-451 directly targets YWHAZ mRNA and suppresses YWHAZ/AKT signaling in AML. Knockdown of c-Myc results in restoration of miR-451 and inhibition of YWHAZ/AKT signaling. In AML patients, low level of miR-451 is negatively correlated with high levels of c-Myc and YWHAZ, while c-Myc level is positively related to YWHAZ expression. These results suggested that c-Myc⊣miR-451⊣YWHAZ/AKT cascade might play a crucial role during leukemogenesis, and reintroduction of miR-451 could be as a potential strategy for AML therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Su
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Nan Gong
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Ming-Tai Chen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Li Song
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Chao Shen
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xin-Hua Zhang
- Department of Hematology, The 303 Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Yin
- Department of Hematology, The 303 Hospital, Nanning, Guangxi, China
| | - Hong-Mei Ning
- Department of Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation, Affiliated Hospital to Academy of Military Medical Sciences, The 307 Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Bing Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, Translational Medicine Center of Stem Cells, 307-lvy Translational Medicine Center, Laboratory of Oncology, Affiliated Hospital of Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fang Wang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Yan-Ni Ma
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hua-Lu Zhao
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jia Yu
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Jun-Wu Zhang
- The State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Szalat R, Avet-Loiseau H, Munshi NC. Gene Expression Profiles in Myeloma: Ready for the Real World? Clin Cancer Res 2016; 22:5434-5442. [PMID: 28151711 PMCID: PMC5546147 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-16-0867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma is a plasma cell malignancy characterized by molecular and clinical heterogeneity. The outcome of the disease has been dramatically improved with the advent of new drugs in the past few years. However, even in this context of increasing therapeutic options, important challenges remain, such as accurately evaluating patients' prognosis and predicting sensitivity to specific treatments and drug combinations. Transcriptomic studies have largely contributed to help decipher multiple myeloma complexity, characterizing multiple myeloma subgroups distinguished by different outcomes. Microarrays and, more recently, RNA sequencing allow evaluation of expression of coding and noncoding genes, alternate splicing events, mutations, and novel transcriptome modifiers, providing new information regarding myeloma biology, prognostication, and therapy. In this review, we discuss the role and impact of gene expression profiling studies in myeloma. Clin Cancer Res; 22(22); 5434-42. ©2016 AACR SEE ALL ARTICLES IN THIS CCR FOCUS SECTION, "MULTIPLE MYELOMA MULTIPLYING THERAPIES".
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphael Szalat
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Herve Avet-Loiseau
- Centre de Recherche en Cancerologie de Toulouse, Institut National de la Sante et de la Recherche Medicale, Toulouse, France.
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
- Boston Veterans Administration Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts
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Towards Stratified Medicine in Plasma Cell Myeloma. Int J Mol Sci 2016; 17:ijms17101760. [PMID: 27775669 PMCID: PMC5085784 DOI: 10.3390/ijms17101760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2016] [Revised: 09/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Plasma cell myeloma is a clinically heterogeneous malignancy accounting for approximately one to 2% of newly diagnosed cases of cancer worldwide. Treatment options, in addition to long-established cytotoxic drugs, include autologous stem cell transplant, immune modulators, proteasome inhibitors and monoclonal antibodies, plus further targeted therapies currently in clinical trials. Whilst treatment decisions are mostly based on a patient’s age, fitness, including the presence of co-morbidities, and tumour burden, significant scope exists for better risk stratification, sub-classification of disease, and predictors of response to specific therapies. Clinical staging, recurring acquired cytogenetic aberrations, and serum biomarkers such as β-2 microglobulin, and free light chains are in widespread use but often fail to predict the disease progression or inform treatment decision making. Recent scientific advances have provided considerable insight into the biology of myeloma. For example, gene expression profiling is already making a contribution to enhanced understanding of the biology of the disease whilst Next Generation Sequencing has revealed great genomic complexity and heterogeneity. Pathways involved in the oncogenesis, proliferation of the tumour and its resistance to apoptosis are being unravelled. Furthermore, knowledge of the tumour cell surface and its interactions with bystander cells and the bone marrow stroma enhance this understanding and provide novel targets for cell and antibody-based therapies. This review will discuss the development in understanding of the biology of the tumour cell and its environment in the bone marrow, the implementation of new therapeutic options contributing to significantly improved outcomes, and the progression towards more personalised medicine in this disorder.
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Wobus M, Bornhäuser M, Jacobi A, Kräter M, Otto O, Ortlepp C, Guck J, Ehninger G, Thiede C, Oelschlägel U. Association of the EGF-TM7 receptor CD97 expression with FLT3-ITD in acute myeloid leukemia. Oncotarget 2016; 6:38804-15. [PMID: 26462154 PMCID: PMC4770738 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2015] [Accepted: 09/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Internal tandem duplications within the juxtamembrane region of the FMS-like tyrosine kinase receptor FLT3 (FLT3-ITD) represents one of the most common mutations in patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) which results in constitutive aberrant activation, increased proliferation of leukemic progenitors and is associated with an aggressive clinical phenotype. The expression of CD97, an EGF-TM7 receptor, has been linked to invasive behavior in thyroid and colorectal cancer. Here, we have investigated the association of CD97 with FLT3-ITD and its functional consequences in AML.Higher CD97 expression levels have been detected in 208 out of 385 primary AML samples. This was accompanied by a significantly increased bone marrow blast count as well as by mutations in the FLT3 gene. FLT3-ITD expressing cell lines as MV4-11 and MOLM-13 revealed significantly higher CD97 levels than FLT3 wildtype EOL-1, OCI-AML3 and HL-60 cells which were clearly decreased by the tyrosine kinase inhibitors PKC412 and SU5614. CD97 knock down by short hairpin RNA in MV4-11 cells resulted in inhibited trans-well migration towards fetal calf serum (FCS) and lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) being at least in part Rho-A dependent. Moreover, knock down of CD97 led to an altered mechanical phenotype, reduced adhesion to a stromal layer and lower wildtype FLT3 expression.Our results, thus, constitute the first evidence for the functional relevance of CD97 expression in FLT3-ITD AML cells rendering it a potential new theragnostic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manja Wobus
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany.,German Consortium for Translational Cancer Research (DKTK), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Angela Jacobi
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Kräter
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Oliver Otto
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Claudia Ortlepp
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Jochen Guck
- Biotechnology Center, Technische Universität Dresden, Dresden, Germany
| | - Gerhard Ehninger
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Christian Thiede
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Uta Oelschlägel
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplantation, Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
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38
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Xu Y, Chen B, George SK, Liu B. Downregulation of MicroRNA-152 contributes to high expression of DKK1 in multiple myeloma. RNA Biol 2016; 12:1314-22. [PMID: 26400224 DOI: 10.1080/15476286.2015.1094600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) induced bone lesion is one of the most crippling characteristics, and the MM secreted Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) has been reported to play important role in this pathologic process. However, the underlying regulation mechanisms involved in DKK1 expression are still unclear. In this study, we validated the expression patterns of microRNA (miR) 15a, 34a, 152, and 223 in MM cells and identified that miR-152 was significantly downregulated in the MM group compared with the non-MM group, and that miR-152 level was negatively correlated with the expression of DKK1 in the MM cells. Mechanistic studies showed that manipulating miR-152 artificially in MM cells led to changes in DKK-1 expression, and miR-152 blocked DKK1 transcriptional activity by binding to the 3'UTR of DKK1 mRNA. Importantly, we revealed that MM cells stably expressing miR-152 improved the chemotherapy sensitivity, and counteracted the bone disruption in an intrabone-MM mouse model. Our study contributes better understanding of the regulation mechanism of DKK-1 in MM, and opens up the potential for developing newer therapeutic strategies in the MM treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yinyin Xu
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory ; Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China.,d These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Bingda Chen
- b Department of Neurology ; People's Hospital of Bishan District ; Bishan , Chongqing , PR China.,d These authors contributed equally to this study
| | - Suraj K George
- c Department of Hematopathology ; The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center ; Houston , TX USA
| | - Beizhong Liu
- a Department of Clinical Laboratory ; Affiliated Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University ; Chongqing , PR China
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Identification of Long Non-Coding RNAs Deregulated in Multiple Myeloma Cells Resistant to Proteasome Inhibitors. Genes (Basel) 2016; 7:genes7100084. [PMID: 27782060 PMCID: PMC5083923 DOI: 10.3390/genes7100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
While the clinical benefit of proteasome inhibitors (PIs) for multiple myeloma (MM) treatment remains unchallenged, dose-limiting toxicities and the inevitable emergence of drug resistance limit their long-term utility. Disease eradication is compromised by drug resistance that is either present de novo or therapy-induced, which accounts for the majority of tumor relapses and MM-related deaths. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are a broad class of RNA molecules, including long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), that do not encode proteins but play a major role in regulating the fundamental cellular processes that control cancer initiation, metastasis, and therapeutic resistance. While lncRNAs have recently attracted significant attention as therapeutic targets to potentially improve cancer treatment, identification of lncRNAs that are deregulated in cells resistant to PIs has not been previously addressed. We have modeled drug resistance by generating three MM cell lines with acquired resistance to either bortezomib, carfilzomib, or ixazomib. Genome-wide profiling identified lncRNAs that were significantly deregulated in all three PI-resistant cell lines relative to the drug-sensitive parental cell line. Strikingly, certain lncRNAs deregulated in the three PI-resistant cell lines were also deregulated in MM plasma cells isolated from newly diagnosed patients compared to healthy plasma cells. Taken together, these preliminary studies strongly suggest that lncRNAs represent potential therapeutic targets to prevent or overcome drug resistance. More investigations are ongoing to expand these initial studies in a greater number of MM patients to better define lncRNAs signatures that contribute to PI resistance in MM.
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40
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Amodio N, Stamato MA, Gullà AM, Morelli E, Romeo E, Raimondi L, Pitari MR, Ferrandino I, Misso G, Caraglia M, Perrotta I, Neri A, Fulciniti M, Rolfo C, Anderson KC, Munshi NC, Tagliaferri P, Tassone P. Therapeutic Targeting of miR-29b/HDAC4 Epigenetic Loop in Multiple Myeloma. Mol Cancer Ther 2016; 15:1364-75. [PMID: 27196750 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-15-0985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Epigenetic abnormalities are common in hematologic malignancies, including multiple myeloma, and their effects can be efficiently counteracted by a class of tumor suppressor miRNAs, named epi-miRNAs. Given the oncogenic role of histone deacetylases (HDAC) in multiple myeloma, we investigated whether their activity could be antagonized by miR-29b, a well-established epi-miRNA. We demonstrated here that miR-29b specifically targets HDAC4 and highlighted that both molecules are involved in a functional loop. In fact, silencing of HDAC4 by shRNAs inhibited multiple myeloma cell survival and migration and triggered apoptosis and autophagy, along with the induction of miR-29b expression by promoter hyperacetylation, leading to the downregulation of prosurvival miR-29b targets (SP1, MCL-1). Moreover, treatment with the pan-HDAC inhibitor SAHA upregulated miR-29b, overcoming the negative control exerted by HDAC4. Importantly, overexpression or inhibition of miR-29b, respectively, potentiated or antagonized SAHA activity on multiple myeloma cells, as also shown in vivo by a strong synergism between miR-29b synthetic mimics and SAHA in a murine xenograft model of human multiple myeloma. Altogether, our results shed light on a novel epigenetic circuitry regulating multiple myeloma cell growth and survival and open new avenues for miR-29b-based epi-therapeutic approaches in the treatment of this malignancy. Mol Cancer Ther; 15(6); 1364-75. ©2016 AACR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicola Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy.
| | - Maria Angelica Stamato
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Anna Maria Gullà
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Eugenio Morelli
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Enrica Romeo
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Lavinia Raimondi
- Laboratory of Tissue Engineering - Innovative Technology Platforms for Tissue Engineering (PON01-00829), Rizzoli Orthopedic Institute, Palermo, Italy
| | - Maria Rita Pitari
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Ida Ferrandino
- Department of Biology, University "Federico II" of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Gabriella Misso
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Michele Caraglia
- Department of Biochemistry, Biophysics and General Pathology, Second University of Naples, Naples, Italy
| | - Ida Perrotta
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Sciences (Di.B.E.S.T.), Transmission Electron Microscopy Laboratory, Centre for Microscopy and Microanalysis (CM2), University of Calabria, Rende, Italy
| | - Antonino Neri
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Milan, Hematology 1, IRCCS Policlinico Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Mariateresa Fulciniti
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Christian Rolfo
- Oncology Department, Antwerp University Hospital (UZA) and Center for Oncological Research (CORE) Antwerp University, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts. VA Boston Healthcare System, West Roxbury, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Pierosandro Tagliaferri
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - Pierfrancesco Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Graecia University and Translational Medical Oncology Unit, Salvatore Venuta University Campus, Catanzaro, Italy. Sbarro Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Center for Biotechnology, College of Science and Technology, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
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41
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Abdel Malek MAY, Jagannathan S, Malek E, Sayed DM, Elgammal SA, Abd El-Azeem HG, Thabet NM, Driscoll JJ. Molecular chaperone GRP78 enhances aggresome delivery to autophagosomes to promote drug resistance in multiple myeloma. Oncotarget 2016; 6:3098-110. [PMID: 25605012 PMCID: PMC4413640 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.3075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Accepted: 12/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite the clinical benefit of the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib, multiple myeloma (MM) patients invariably relapse through poorly defined mechanisms. Myeloma cells inevitably develop chemoresistance that leads to disease relapse and patient-related deaths. Studies in tumor cell lines and biopsies obtained from patients refractory to therapy have revealed that myeloma cells adapt to stress by inducing expression of glucose-regulated protein 78 (GRP78), an endoplasmic reticulum (ER) chaperone with anti-apoptotic properties. Treatment of myeloma cells with bortezomib increased GRP78 levels and activated GRP78-dependent autophagy. Expression profiling indicated that GRP78-encoding HSPA5 was significantly upregulated in bortezomib-resistant cells. Co-treatment with the anti-diabetic agent metformin suppressed GRP78 and enhanced the anti-proliferative effect of bortezomib. Bortezomib treatment led to GRP78 co-localization with proteotoxic protein aggregates, known as aggresomes. Pharmacologic suppression, genetic ablation or mutational inactivation of GRP78 followed by bortezomib treatment led to the accumulation of aggresomes but impaired autophagy and enhanced anti-myeloma effect of bortezomib. GRP78 was co-immunoprecipitated with the KDEL receptor, an ER quality control regulator that binds proteins bearing the KDEL motif to mediate their retrieval from the Golgi complex back to the ER. Taken together, we demonstrate that inhibition of GRP78 functional activity disrupts autophagy and enhances the anti-myeloma effect of bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed A Y Abdel Malek
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sajjeev Jagannathan
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Ehsan Malek
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Douaa M Sayed
- Department of Clinical Pathology, South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Sahar A Elgammal
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Hanan G Abd El-Azeem
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - Nabila M Thabet
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut, Egypt
| | - James J Driscoll
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA.,University of Cincinnati Cancer Institute, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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42
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Fulciniti M, Amodio N, Bandi RL, Cagnetta A, Samur MK, Acharya C, Prabhala R, D'Aquila P, Bellizzi D, Passarino G, Adamia S, Neri A, Hunter ZR, Treon SP, Anderson KC, Tassone P, Munshi NC. miR-23b/SP1/c-myc forms a feed-forward loop supporting multiple myeloma cell growth. Blood Cancer J 2016; 6:e380. [PMID: 26771806 PMCID: PMC4742623 DOI: 10.1038/bcj.2015.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Deregulated microRNA (miR)/transcription factor (TF)-based networks represent a hallmark of cancer. We report here a novel c-Myc/miR-23b/Sp1 feed-forward loop with a critical role in multiple myeloma (MM) and Waldenstrom's macroglobulinemia (WM) cell growth and survival. We have found miR-23b to be downregulated in MM and WM cells especially in the presence of components of the tumor bone marrow milieu. Promoter methylation is one mechanism of miR-23b suppression in myeloma. In gain-of-function studies using miR-23b mimics-transfected or in miR-23b-stably expressing MM and WM cell lines, we observed a significant decrease in cell proliferation and survival, along with induction of caspase-3/7 activity over time, thus supporting a tumor suppressor role for miR-23b. At the molecular level, miR-23b targeted Sp1 3'UTR and significantly reduced Sp1-driven nuclear factor-κB activity. Finally, c-Myc, an important oncogenic transcription factor known to stimulate MM cell proliferation, transcriptionally repressed miR-23b. Thus MYC-dependent miR-23b repression in myeloma cells may promote activation of oncogenic Sp1-mediated signaling, representing the first feed-forward loop with critical growth and survival role in myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fulciniti
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Amodio
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - R L Bandi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Cagnetta
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - M K Samur
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - C Acharya
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - R Prabhala
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P D'Aquila
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - D Bellizzi
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - G Passarino
- Department of Biology, Ecology and Earth Science (DiBEST), University of Calabria, Arcavacata di Rende, Cosenza, Italy
| | - S Adamia
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - A Neri
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Milan, Hematology 1, IRCCS Policlinico Foundation, Milan, Italy
| | - Z R Hunter
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - S P Treon
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - K C Anderson
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - P Tassone
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Medicine, Magna Græcia University of Catanzaro, Salvatore Venuta Campus, Catanzaro, Italy
| | - N C Munshi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.,VA Boston Healthcare System, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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43
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Mechanisms of Drug Resistance in Relapse and Refractory Multiple Myeloma. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 2015:341430. [PMID: 26649299 PMCID: PMC4663284 DOI: 10.1155/2015/341430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2015] [Revised: 09/24/2015] [Accepted: 10/21/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a hematological malignancy that remains incurable because most patients eventually relapse or become refractory to current treatments. Although the treatments have improved, the major problem in MM is resistance to therapy. Clonal evolution of MM cells and bone marrow microenvironment changes contribute to drug resistance. Some mechanisms affect both MM cells and microenvironment, including the up- and downregulation of microRNAs and programmed death factor 1 (PD-1)/PD-L1 interaction. Here, we review the pathogenesis of MM cells and bone marrow microenvironment and highlight possible drug resistance mechanisms. We also review a potential molecular targeting treatment and immunotherapy for patients with refractory or relapse MM.
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44
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Sedlaříková L, Bešše L, Novosadová S, Kubaczková V, Radová L, Staník M, Krejčí M, Hájek R, Ševčíková S. MicroRNAs in urine are not biomarkers of multiple myeloma. J Negat Results Biomed 2015; 14:16. [PMID: 26399230 PMCID: PMC4581458 DOI: 10.1186/s12952-015-0035-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we aimed to identify microRNA from urine of multiple myeloma patients that could serve as a biomarker for the disease. Results Analysis of urine samples was performed using Serum/Plasma Focus PCR MicroRNA Panel (Exiqon) and verified using individual TaqMan miRNA assays for qPCR. We found 20 deregulated microRNA (p < 0.05); for further validation, we chose 8 of them. Nevertheless, only differences in expression levels of miR-22-3p remained close to statistical significance. Conclusions Our preliminary results did not confirm urine microRNA as a potential biomarker for multiple myeloma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenka Sedlaříková
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Bešše
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Hematology and Oncology, Kantonsspital St. Gallen, St. Gallen, Switzerland.
| | - Soňa Novosadová
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Veronika Kubaczková
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Lenka Radová
- Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Michal Staník
- Department of urologic oncology, Masaryk Memorial Cancer Institute, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Marta Krejčí
- Department of Internal Medicine - Hematooncology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
| | - Roman Hájek
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Hematooncology, Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava and University Hospital Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| | - Sabina Ševčíková
- Babak Myeloma Group, Department of Pathological Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Masaryk University, Brno, Czech Republic. .,Department of Clinical Hematology, University Hospital Brno, Brno, Czech Republic.
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45
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Let-7a-3 hypomethylation is associated with favorable/intermediate karyotypes but not with survival in acute myeloid leukemia. Tumour Biol 2015; 37:491-501. [PMID: 26227220 DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3734-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2015] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant methylation of let-7a-3 promoter has been observed in various malignancies. However, the clinical relevance of let-7a-3 methylation remains poorly known in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study was to investigate the let-7a-3 methylation status and to explore its clinical significance in AML. let-7a-3 promoter was significantly hypomethylated in AML patients compared to controls (median 4.51 vs 0.49) (P = 0.0003). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis discriminated all patients or cytogenetically normal patients from controls with an areas under the ROC curve (AUC) of 0.737 or 0.783, respectively (P < 0.001). Patients with favorable/intermediate karyotypes had significantly higher let-7a-3 unmethylation than controls. Patients with DNMT3A mutations had a trend of high level of let-7a-3 unmethylation than did those with wild-type DNMT3A (median 6.76 vs 3.66, P = 0.096). There was no significant difference in overall survival between patients with and without hypomethylated let-7a-3 (median 12 vs 5 months, P = 0.103). No correlation was observed between the level of let-7a-3 expression and let-7a-3 unmethylation in AML samples (R = 0.197, P = 0.150). However, the level of let-7a-3 expression was increased in a dose-dependent manner in THP-1 line treated with 5-aza-dC, while the methylation density of let-7a-3 promoter decreased with 5-aza-dC dose. Our findings suggest that let-7a-3 hypomethylation is associated with favorable and intermediate karyotypes but not a prognostic predictor for AML patients. Let-7a-3 expression may be partially regulated by promoter methylation.
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Mimura N, Hideshima T, Anderson KC. Novel therapeutic strategies for multiple myeloma. Exp Hematol 2015; 43:732-41. [PMID: 26118499 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a plasma-cell malignancy which remains incurable despite the recent emergence of multiple novel agents. Importantly, recent genetic and molecular analyses have revealed the complexity and heterogeneity of this disease, highlighting the need for therapeutic strategies to eliminate all clones. Moreover, the bone marrow microenvironment, including stromal cells and immune cells, plays a central role in MM pathogenesis, promoting tumor cell growth, survival, and drug resistance. New classes of agents including proteasome inhibitors, immunomodulatory drugs, monoclonal antibodies, and histone deacetylase inhibitors have shown remarkable efficacy; however, novel therapeutic approaches are still urgently needed to further improve patient outcomes. In this review, we discuss the recent advances and future strategies to ultimately develop MM therapies with curative potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoya Mimura
- Department of Transfusion Medicine and Cell Therapy, Chiba University Hospital, Chiba, Japan.
| | - Teru Hideshima
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kenneth C Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center, Department of Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Peng J, Thakur A, Zhang S, Dong Y, Wang X, Yuan R, Zhang K, Guo X. Expressions of miR-181a and miR-20a in RPMI8226 cell line and their potential as biomarkers for multiple myeloma. Tumour Biol 2015; 36:8545-52. [DOI: 10.1007/s13277-015-3600-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
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Szalat R, Munshi NC. Genomic heterogeneity in multiple myeloma. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2015; 30:56-65. [PMID: 25982873 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2015] [Revised: 03/17/2015] [Accepted: 03/19/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Multiple myeloma (MM) is an incurable malignancy in majority of patients characterized by clonal proliferation of plasma cells. To date, treatment is established based on general conditions and age of patients. However, MM is a heterogeneous disease, featured by various subtypes and different outcomes. Thus, the understanding of MM biology is currently a major challenge to eventually cure the disease. During the last decade, karyotype studies and gene expression profiling have identified robust prognostic markers as well as a widespread genomic landscape. More recently, studies of epigenetic, transcriptional modifications and next generation sequencing have allowed characterization of critical genes and pathways, clonal heterogeneity and mutational profiles involved in myelomagenesis. Altogether, these findings constitute important tools to develop new targeted and personalized therapies in MM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raphaël Szalat
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Nikhil C Munshi
- Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States; VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, United States.
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Malek E, Jagannathan S, Driscoll JJ. Correlation of long non-coding RNA expression with metastasis, drug resistance and clinical outcome in cancer. Oncotarget 2014; 5:8027-38. [PMID: 25275300 PMCID: PMC4226665 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.2469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 149] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2014] [Accepted: 09/06/2014] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
The therapeutic response and clinical outcome of patients diagnosed with the same cancer type and that receive identical treatment is highly variable to reflect the genetic heterogeneity within tumor cells. Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are recently discovered molecules that regulate eukaryotic gene expression and represent a significant advance towards a better understanding of the mechanisms that govern cellular growth. NcRNAs are essential for the proper regulation of cell proliferation and survival under physiologic conditions and are deregulated in many pathologies, e.g., human cancers. NcRNAs have been associated with cancer diagnosis, staging, treatment response, metastasis and survival and include distinct subtypes, e.g., long ncRNAs (lncRNAs) and microRNAs (miRNAs). LncRNAs have been linked to essential growth-promoting activities and their deregulation contributes to tumor cell survival. A prominent example is the Hox transcript antisense intergenic lncRNA, HOTAIR, that cooperates with the polycomb repressive complex to reprogram chromatin organization. HOTAIR expression is deregulated in a spectrum of cancers and HOTAIR expression correlates with patient survival. Here, we highlight emerging evidence that supports a role for lncRNAs in cancer with implications for the development of novel diagnostics and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ehsan Malek
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - Sajjeev Jagannathan
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
| | - James J. Driscoll
- The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH
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Jagannathan S, Vad N, Vallabhapurapu S, Vallabhapurapu S, Anderson KC, Driscoll JJ. MiR-29b replacement inhibits proteasomes and disrupts aggresome+autophagosome formation to enhance the antimyeloma benefit of bortezomib. Leukemia 2014; 29:727-38. [PMID: 25234165 PMCID: PMC4360212 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2014.279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2014] [Revised: 08/22/2014] [Accepted: 09/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Evading apoptosis is a cancer hallmark that remains a serious obstacle in current treatment approaches. Although proteasome inhibitors (PIs) have transformed management of multiple myeloma (MM), drug resistance emerges through induction of the aggresome+autophagy pathway as a compensatory protein clearance mechanism. Genome-wide profiling identified microRNAs (miRs) differentially expressed in bortezomib-resistant myeloma cells compared with drug-naive cells. The effect of individual miRs on proteasomal degradation of short-lived fluorescent reporter proteins was then determined in live cells. MiR-29b was significantly reduced in bortezomib-resistant cells as well as in cells resistant to second-generation PIs carfilzomib and ixazomib. Luciferase reporter assays demonstrated that miR-29b targeted PSME4 that encodes the proteasome activator PA200. Synthetically engineered miR-29b replacements impaired the growth of myeloma cells, patient tumor cells and xenotransplants. MiR-29b replacements also decreased PA200 association with proteasomes, reduced the proteasome's peptidase activity and inhibited ornithine decarboxylase turnover, a proteasome substrate degraded through ubiquitin-independent mechanisms. Immunofluorescence studies revealed that miR-29b replacements enhanced the bortezomib-induced accumulation of ubiquitinated proteins but did not reveal aggresome or autophagosome formation. Taken together, our study identifies miR-29b replacements as the first-in-class miR-based PIs that also disrupt the autophagy pathway and highlight their potential to synergistically enhance the antimyeloma effect of bortezomib.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Jagannathan
- 1] The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA [2] Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - N Vad
- 1] The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA [2] Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Vallabhapurapu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - S Vallabhapurapu
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - K C Anderson
- Jerome Lipper Multiple Myeloma Center and LeBow Institute for Myeloma Therapeutics, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J J Driscoll
- 1] The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA [2] Division of Hematology and Oncology, The Vontz Center for Molecular Studies, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA [3] Department of Cancer Biology, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
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