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Mullen NJ, Thakur R, Shukla SK, Chaika NV, Kollala SS, Wang D, He C, Fujii Y, Sharma S, Mulder SE, Sykes DB, Singh PK. ENT1 blockade by CNX-774 overcomes resistance to DHODH inhibition in pancreatic cancer. Cancer Lett 2023; 552:215981. [PMID: 36341997 PMCID: PMC10305837 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2022.215981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH), a key enzyme for de novo synthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides, have failed in clinical trials for various cancers despite robust efficacy in preclinical animal models. To probe for druggable mediators of DHODH inhibitor resistance, we performed a combination screen with a small molecule library against pancreatic cancer cell lines that are highly resistant to the DHODH inhibitor brequinar (BQ). The screen revealed that CNX-774, a preclinical Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) inhibitor, sensitizes resistant cell lines to BQ. Mechanistic studies showed that this effect is independent of BTK and instead results from inhibition of equilibrative nucleoside transporter 1 (ENT1) by CNX-774. We show that ENT1 mediates BQ resistance by taking up extracellular uridine, which is salvaged to generate pyrimidine nucleotides in a DHODH-independent manner. In BQ-resistant cell lines, BQ monotherapy slowed proliferation and caused modest pyrimidine nucleotide depletion, whereas combination treatment with BQ and CNX-774 led to profound cell viability loss and pyrimidine starvation. We also identify N-acetylneuraminic acid accumulation as a potential marker of the therapeutic efficacy of DHODH inhibitors. In an aggressive, immunocompetent pancreatic cancer mouse model, combined targeting of DHODH and ENT1 dramatically suppressed tumor growth and prolonged mouse survival. Overall, our study defines CNX-774 as a previously uncharacterized ENT1 inhibitor and provides strong proof of concept support for dual targeting of DHODH and ENT1 in pancreatic cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas J Mullen
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Ravi Thakur
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73014, USA
| | - Surendra K Shukla
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73014, USA
| | - Nina V Chaika
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Sai Sundeep Kollala
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Dezhen Wang
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - Chunbo He
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73014, USA
| | - Yuki Fujii
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73014, USA
| | - Shikhar Sharma
- Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73014, USA
| | - Scott E Mulder
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA
| | - David B Sykes
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA, 02114, USA
| | - Pankaj K Singh
- Eppley Institute for Research in Cancer and Allied Diseases, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, 68198, USA; Department of Oncology Science, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73014, USA; OU Health Stephenson Cancer Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, 73104, USA.
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2
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Qi W, Yan X, Xu X, Song B, Sun L, Zhao D, Sun L. The effects of cytarabine combined with ginsenoside compound K synergistically induce DNA damage in acute myeloid leukemia cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2020; 132:110812. [PMID: 33059263 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2020.110812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 09/13/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
AML is a kind of hematological malignant tumor that urgently requires different treatment options in order to increase the cure rate and survival rate. Cytarabine (ara-C) is currently the main drug used to treat AML patients and is usually combined with different chemotherapeutic agents. However, due to resistance to ara-C, a new combination is needed to reduce ara-C resistance and improve treatment outcome. As is known to all, ginseng is a traditional Chinese herb; compound K is the principal metabolic product of ginsenoside which also has anti-cancer activity in some cancer cells, while the mechanism is unclear. In our previous study, we found that compound K inhibited AML cell viability and induced apoptosis, and compound K combined with ara-C synergistically induced AML cell proliferation arrest. Thus, we sought to investigate the reason for this by focusing on the mitochondrial dysfunction and DNA damage. In this paper, our results provide a foundation for the clinical evaluation of concomitant administration of compound K and ara-C in order to reduce the resistance to ara-C and improve AML treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenxiu Qi
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiuci Yan
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Xiaohao Xu
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Bailin Song
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liping Sun
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Daqing Zhao
- Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of BioMacromolecules of Chinese Medicine, Jilin Ginseng Academy, Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China
| | - Liwei Sun
- Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine, the Affiliated Hospital to Changchun University of Chinese Medicine, Changchun, Jilin, China; Key Laboratory of Active Substances and Biological Mechanisms of Ginseng Efficacy, Ministry of Education, Changchun, Jilin, China.
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Chlorella sorokiniana Extract Prevents Cisplatin-Induced Myelotoxicity In Vitro and In Vivo. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:7353618. [PMID: 32047579 PMCID: PMC7003270 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7353618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/31/2019] [Accepted: 01/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cisplatin chemotherapy causes myelosuppression and often limits treatment duration and dose escalation in patients. Novel approaches to circumvent or lessen myelotoxicity may improve clinical outcome and quality of life in these patients. Chlorella sorokiniana (CS) is a freshwater unicellular green alga and exhibits encouraging efficacy in immunomodulation and anticancer in preclinical studies. However, the efficacy of CS on chemoprotection remains unclear. We report here, for the first time, that CS extract (CSE) could protect normal myeloid cells and PBMCs from cisplatin toxicity. Also, cisplatin-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells was rescued through reservation of mitochondrial function, inhibition of cytochrome c release to cytosol, and suppression of caspase and PARP activation. Intriguingly, cotreatment of CSE attenuated cisplatin-evoked hypocellularity of bone marrow in mice. Furthermore, we observed the enhancement of CSF-GM activity in bone marrow and spleen in mice administered CSE and cisplatin, along with increased CD11b levels in spleen. In conclusion, we uncovered a novel mechanism of CSE on myeloprotection, whereby potentially supports the use of CSE as a chemoprotector against cisplatin-induced bone marrow toxicity. Further clinical investigation of CSE in combination with cisplatin is warranted.
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Hetzel M, Suzuki T, Hashtchin AR, Arumugam P, Carey B, Schwabbauer M, Kuhn A, Meyer J, Schambach A, Van Der Loo J, Moritz T, Trapnell BC, Lachmann N. Function and Safety of Lentivirus-Mediated Gene Transfer for CSF2RA-Deficiency. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2017; 28:318-329. [PMID: 28854814 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2017.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (hPAP) is a rare disorder of pulmonary surfactant accumulation and hypoxemic respiratory failure caused by mutations in CSF2RA (encoding the granulocyte/macrophage colony-stimulating factor [GM-CSF] receptor α-chain [CD116]), which results in reduced GM-CSF-dependent pulmonary surfactant clearance by alveolar macrophages. While no pharmacologic therapy currently exists for hPAP, it was recently demonstrated that endotracheal instillation of wild-type or gene-corrected mononuclear phagocytes (pulmonary macrophage transplantation [PMT]) results in a significant and durable therapeutic efficacy in a validated murine model of hPAP. To facilitate the translation of PMT therapy to human hPAP patients, a self-inactivating (SIN) lentiviral vector was generated expressing a codon-optimized human CSF2RA-cDNA driven from an EF1α short promoter (Lv.EFS.CSF2RAcoop), and a series of nonclinical efficacy and safety studies were performed in cultured macrophage cell lines and primary human cells. Studies in cytokine-dependent Ba/F3 cells demonstrated efficient transduction, vector-derived CD116 expression proportional to vector copy number, and GM-CSF-dependent cell survival and proliferation. Using a novel cell line constructed to express a normal GM-CSF receptor β subunit and a dysfunctional α subunit (due to a function-altering CSF2RAG196R mutation) that reflects the macrophage disease phenotype of hPAP patients, it was demonstrated that Lv.EFS.CSF2RAcoop transduction restored GM-CSF receptor function. Further, Lv.EFS.CSF2RAcoop transduction of healthy primary CD34+ cells did not adversely affect cell proliferation or affect the cell differentiation program. Results demonstrate Lv.EFS.CSF2RAcoop reconstituted GM-CSF receptor α expression, restoring GM-CSF signaling in hPAP macrophages, and had no adverse effects in the intended target cells, thus supporting testing of PMT therapy of hPAP in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Hetzel
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Takuji Suzuki
- 3 Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.,4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Anna Rafiei Hashtchin
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Paritha Arumugam
- 3 Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.,4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Brenna Carey
- 3 Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.,4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Marc Schwabbauer
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kuhn
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Johann Meyer
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany.,5 Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Johannes Van Der Loo
- 6 The Raymond G. Perelman Center for Cellular and Molecular Therapeutics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia , Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Moritz
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
| | - Bruce C Trapnell
- 3 Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Division of Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center , Cincinnati, Ohio.,4 Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio.,7 Department of Medicine, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Nico Lachmann
- 1 Institute of Experimental Hematology , Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany.,2 REBIRTH Cluster of Excellence, Hannover, Germany
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Mucci A, Kunkiel J, Suzuki T, Brennig S, Glage S, Kühnel MP, Ackermann M, Happle C, Kuhn A, Schambach A, Trapnell BC, Hansen G, Moritz T, Lachmann N. Murine iPSC-Derived Macrophages as a Tool for Disease Modeling of Hereditary Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis due to Csf2rb Deficiency. Stem Cell Reports 2016; 7:292-305. [PMID: 27453007 PMCID: PMC4982988 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2016.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2016] [Revised: 06/23/2016] [Accepted: 06/23/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) represent an innovative source for the standardized in vitro generation of macrophages (Mφ). We here describe a robust and efficient protocol to obtain mature and functional Mφ from healthy as well as disease-specific murine iPSCs. With regard to morphology, surface phenotype, and function, our iPSC-derived Mφ (iPSC-Mφ) closely resemble their counterparts generated in vitro from bone marrow cells. Moreover, when we investigated the feasibility of our differentiation system to serve as a model for rare congenital diseases associated with Mφ malfunction, we were able to faithfully recapitulate the pathognomonic defects in GM-CSF signaling and Mφ function present in hereditary pulmonary alveolar proteinosis (herPAP). Thus, our studies may help to overcome the limitations placed on research into certain rare disease entities by the lack of an adequate supply of disease-specific primary cells, and may aid the development of novel therapeutic approaches for herPAP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adele Mucci
- Research Group Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Junior Research Group Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Street 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jessica Kunkiel
- Research Group Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Takuji Suzuki
- Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Sebastian Brennig
- Research Group Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Junior Research Group Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Street 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Silke Glage
- Institute of Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mark P Kühnel
- Department of Functional and Applied Anatomy, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Mania Ackermann
- Research Group Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Junior Research Group Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Street 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Christine Happle
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Alexandra Kuhn
- Research Group Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Axel Schambach
- Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Division of Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Bruce C Trapnell
- Translational Pulmonary Science Center, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Gesine Hansen
- Department of Pediatric Pneumology, Allergology and Neonatology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover (BREATH), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Thomas Moritz
- Research Group Reprogramming and Gene Therapy, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany
| | - Nico Lachmann
- Junior Research Group Translational Hematology of Congenital Diseases, Cluster of Excellence REBIRTH, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg-Street 1, 30625 Hannover, Germany; Institute of Experimental Hematology, Hannover Medical School, 30625 Hannover, Germany.
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