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Ammeti D, Marzollo A, Gabelli M, Zanchetta ME, Tretti-Parenzan C, Bottega R, Capaci V, Biffi A, Savoia A, Bresolin S, Faleschini M. A novel mutation in MECOM affects MPL regulation in vitro and results in thrombocytopenia and bone marrow failure. Br J Haematol 2023; 203:852-859. [PMID: 37610030 DOI: 10.1111/bjh.19023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/21/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
MECOM-associated syndrome (MECOM-AS) is a rare disease characterized by amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia, progressive bone marrow failure, pancytopenia and radioulnar synostosis with high penetrance. The clinical phenotype may also include finger malformations, cardiac and renal alterations, hearing loss, B-cell deficiency and predisposition to infections. The syndrome, usually diagnosed in the neonatal period because of severe thrombocytopenia, is caused by mutations in the MECOM gene, encoding for the transcription factor EVI1. The mechanism linking the alteration of EVI1 function and thrombocytopenia is poorly understood. In a paediatric patient affected by severe thrombocytopenia, we identified a novel variant of the MECOM gene (p.P634L), whose effect was tested on pAP-1 enhancer element and promoters of targeted genes showing that the mutation impairs the repressive activity of the transcription factor. Moreover, we demonstrated that EVI1 controls the transcriptional regulation of MPL, a gene whose mutations are responsible for congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT), potentially explaining the partial overlap between MECOM-AS and CAMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Ammeti
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Antonio Marzollo
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
| | - Maria Gabelli
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | | | - Caterina Tretti-Parenzan
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | - Roberta Bottega
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Valeria Capaci
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandra Biffi
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | - Anna Savoia
- Department of Engineering for Innovation Medicine, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Silvia Bresolin
- Pediatric Hematology, Oncology and Stem Cell Transplant Division, Padua University Hospital, Padua, Italy
- Maternal and Child Health Department, Padua University, Padua, Italy
| | - Michela Faleschini
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS Burlo Garofolo, Trieste, Italy
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Oved JH, Shah YB, Venella K, Paessler ME, Olson TS. Non-myeloablative conditioning is sufficient to achieve complete donor myeloid chimerism following matched sibling donor bone marrow transplant for myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene ( MPL) mutation-driven congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia: Case report. Front Pediatr 2022; 10:903872. [PMID: 35967582 PMCID: PMC9366100 DOI: 10.3389/fped.2022.903872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is a rare platelet production disorder caused mainly by loss of function biallelic mutations in myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (MPL), the gene encoding the thrombopoietin receptor (TPOR). Patients with MPL-mutant CAMT are not only at risk for life-threatening bleeding events, but many affected individuals will also ultimately develop bone marrow aplasia owing to the absence of thrombopoietin/TPOR signaling required for maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells. Curative allogeneic stem cell transplant for patients with CAMT has historically used myeloablative conditioning; however, given the inherent stem cell defect in MPL-mutant CAMT, a less intensive regimen may prove equally effective with reduced morbidity, particularly in patients with evolving aplasia. METHODS We report the case of a 2-year-old boy with MPL-mutant CAMT and bone marrow hypocellularity who underwent matched sibling donor bone marrow transplant (MSD-BMT) using a non-myeloablative regimen consisting of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide, and antithymocyte globulin (ATG). RESULTS The patient achieved rapid trilinear engraftment and resolution of thrombocytopenia. While initial myeloid donor chimerism was mixed (88% donor), due to the competitive advantage of donor hematopoietic cells, myeloid chimerism increased to 100% by 4 months post-transplant. Donor chimerism and blood counts remained stable through 1-year post-transplant. CONCLUSION This experience suggests that non-myeloablative conditioning is a suitable approach for patients with MPL-mutant CAMT undergoing MSD-BMT and is associated with reduced risks of conditioning-related toxicity compared to traditional myeloablative regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Hai Oved
- Pediatric Transplantation and Cell Therapy, MSK Kids, New York, NY, United States
| | - Yash B Shah
- Cell Therapy and Transplant Section, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Kimberly Venella
- Cell Therapy and Transplant Section, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Michele E Paessler
- Department of Pathology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Timothy S Olson
- Cell Therapy and Transplant Section, Division of Pediatric Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, United States
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Rommel MGE, Hoerster K, Milde C, Schenk F, Roser L, Kohlscheen S, Heinz N, Modlich U. Signaling properties of murine MPL and MPL mutants after stimulation with thrombopoietin and romiplostim. Exp Hematol 2020; 85:33-46.e6. [PMID: 32417303 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2020.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (THPO) and its receptor myeloproliferative leukemia virus oncogene (MPL) regulate hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) quiescence and maintenance, but also megakaryopoiesis. Thrombocytopenias or aplastic anemias can be treated today with THPO peptide mimetics (romiplostim) or small-molecule THPO receptor agonists (e.g., eltrombopag). These THPO mimetics were designed for human application; however, many preclinical studies are performed in murine models. We investigated the activation of wild-type murine MPL (mMPL) by romiplostim. Romiplostim stimulated AKT, ERK1/2, and STAT5 phosphorylation without preference for one of these pathways, however, with a four- to fivefold lower phosphorylation intensity at high concentration. Faster internalization of mMPL after romiplostim binding could be one explanation of reduced signaling. In vitro megakaryocyte differentiation, proliferation, and maturation by romiplostim was less efficient compared with stimulation with mTHPO. We further dissected mMPL signaling by lentiviral overexpression of mMPL mutants with tyrosine (Y)-to-phenylalanine (F) substitutions in the distal cytoplasmic tyrosines 582 (Y582F), 616 (Y616F), and 621 (Y621F) individually and in combination (Y616F_Y621F) and in truncated receptors lacking 53 (Δ53) or 69 (Δ69) C-terminal amino acids. Mutation at tyrosine residue Y582F caused a gain-of-function with baseline activation and increased ERK1/2 phosphorylation upon stimulation. In agreement with this, proliferation in Y582F-32D cells was increased, yet did not rescue in vitro megakaryopoiesis from Mpl-deficient cells. Y616F and Y621F mutated receptors exhibited strongly impaired ERK1/2 and decreased AKT signaling and conferred reduced proliferation to 32D cells upon mTHPO stimulation but a partial correction of immature megakaryopoiesis in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel G E Rommel
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Keven Hoerster
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany; Institute for Transfusion Medicine, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Christian Milde
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Franziska Schenk
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Luise Roser
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Saskia Kohlscheen
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Niels Heinz
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany
| | - Ute Modlich
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, Division of Veterinary Medicine, Paul-Ehrlich-Institut, Langen, Germany.
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Léon C, Dupuis A, Gachet C, Lanza F. The contribution of mouse models to the understanding of constitutional thrombocytopenia. Haematologica 2017; 101:896-908. [PMID: 27478199 DOI: 10.3324/haematol.2015.139394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2016] [Accepted: 05/04/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Constitutional thrombocytopenias result from platelet production abnormalities of hereditary origin. Long misdiagnosed and poorly studied, knowledge about these rare diseases has increased considerably over the last twenty years due to improved technology for the identification of mutations, as well as an improvement in obtaining megakaryocyte culture from patient hematopoietic stem cells. Simultaneously, the manipulation of mouse genes (transgenesis, total or conditional inactivation, introduction of point mutations, random chemical mutagenesis) have helped to generate disease models that have contributed greatly to deciphering patient clinical and laboratory features. Most of the thrombocytopenias for which the mutated genes have been identified now have a murine model counterpart. This review focuses on the contribution that these mouse models have brought to the understanding of hereditary thrombocytopenias with respect to what was known in humans. Animal models have either i) provided novel information on the molecular and cellular pathways that were missing from the patient studies; ii) improved our understanding of the mechanisms of thrombocytopoiesis; iii) been instrumental in structure-function studies of the mutated gene products; and iv) been an invaluable tool as preclinical models to test new drugs or develop gene therapies. At present, the genetic determinants of thrombocytopenia remain unknown in almost half of all cases. Currently available high-speed sequencing techniques will identify new candidate genes, which will in turn allow the generation of murine models to confirm and further study the abnormal phenotype. In a complementary manner, programs of random mutagenesis in mice should also identify new candidate genes involved in thrombocytopenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine Léon
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), France
| | - Arnaud Dupuis
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), France
| | - Christian Gachet
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), France
| | - François Lanza
- UMR_S949, INSERM, Strasbourg, France Etablissement Français du Sang-Alsace (EFS-Alsace), Strasbourg, France Université de Strasbourg, France Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), France
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5
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An incomplete trafficking defect to the cell-surface leads to paradoxical thrombocytosis for human and murine MPL P106L. Blood 2016; 128:3146-3158. [PMID: 28034873 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2016-06-722058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/03/2016] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The mechanisms behind the hereditary thrombocytosis induced by the thrombopoietin (THPO) receptor MPL P106L mutant remain unknown. A complete trafficking defect to the cell surface has been reported, suggesting either weak constitutive activity or nonconventional THPO-dependent mechanisms. Here, we report that the thrombocytosis phenotype induced by MPL P106L belongs to the paradoxical group, where low MPL levels on platelets and mature megakaryocytes (MKs) lead to high serum THPO levels, whereas weak but not absent MPL cell-surface localization in earlier MK progenitors allows response to THPO by signaling and amplification of the platelet lineage. MK progenitors from patients showed no spontaneous growth and responded to THPO, and MKs expressed MPL on their cell surface at low levels, whereas their platelets did not respond to THPO. Transduction of MPL P106L in CD34+ cells showed that this receptor was more efficiently localized at the cell surface on immature than on mature MKs, explaining a proliferative response to THPO of immature cells and a defect in THPO clearance in mature cells. In a retroviral mouse model performed in Mpl-/- mice, MPL P106L could induce a thrombocytosis phenotype with high circulating THPO levels. Furthermore, we could select THPO-dependent cell lines with more cell-surface MPL P106L localization that was detected by flow cytometry and [125I]-THPO binding. Altogether, these results demonstrate that MPL P106L is a receptor with an incomplete defect in trafficking, which induces a low but not absent localization of the receptor on cell surface and a response to THPO in immature MK cells.
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Kohlscheen S, Wintterle S, Schwarzer A, Kamp C, Brugman MH, Breuer DC, Büsche G, Baum C, Modlich U. Inhibition of Thrombopoietin/Mpl Signaling in Adult Hematopoiesis Identifies New Candidates for Hematopoietic Stem Cell Maintenance. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0131866. [PMID: 26147434 PMCID: PMC4493002 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0131866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombopoietin (Thpo) signals via its receptor Mpl and regulates megakaryopoiesis, hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) maintenance and post-transplant expansion. Mpl expression is tightly controlled and deregulation of Thpo/Mpl-signaling is linked to hematological disorders. Here, we constructed an intracellular-truncated, signaling-deficient Mpl protein which is presented on the cell surface (dnMpl). The transplantation of bone marrow cells retrovirally transduced to express dnMpl into wildtype mice induced thrombocytopenia, and a progressive loss of HSC. The aplastic BM allowed the engraftment of a second BM transplant without further conditioning. Functional analysis of the truncated Mpl in vitro and in vivo demonstrated no internalization after Thpo binding and the inhibition of Thpo/Mpl-signaling in wildtype cells due to dominant-negative (dn) effects by receptor competition with wildtype Mpl for Thpo binding. Intracellular inhibition of Mpl could be excluded as the major mechanism by the use of a constitutive-dimerized dnMpl. To further elucidate the molecular changes induced by Thpo/Mpl-inhibition on the HSC-enriched cell population in the BM, we performed gene expression analysis of Lin-Sca1+cKit+ (LSK) cells isolated from mice transplanted with dnMpl transduced BM cells. The gene expression profile supported the exhaustion of HSC due to increased cell cycle progression and identified new and known downstream effectors of Thpo/Mpl-signaling in HSC (namely TIE2, ESAM1 and EPCR detected on the HSC-enriched LSK cell population). We further compared gene expression profiles in LSK cells of dnMpl mice with human CD34+ cells of aplastic anemia patients and identified similar deregulations of important stemness genes in both cell populations. In summary, we established a novel way of Thpo/Mpl inhibition in the adult mouse and performed in depth analysis of the phenotype including gene expression profiling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saskia Kohlscheen
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main and the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Sabine Wintterle
- Institute of Experimental Hematology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Adrian Schwarzer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christel Kamp
- Department of Biostatistik, Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
| | - Martijn H. Brugman
- Department of Immunohematology and Blood Transfusion, Leiden University Medical Center, ZA Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel C. Breuer
- Institute of Experimental Hematology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Guntram Büsche
- Institute of Pathology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Christopher Baum
- Institute of Experimental Hematology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Ute Modlich
- Research Group for Gene Modification in Stem Cells, LOEWE Center for Cell and Gene Therapy Frankfurt/Main and the Paul-Ehrlich-Institute, Langen, Germany
- Institute of Experimental Hematology; Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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7
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Houwing ME, Koopman-Coenen EA, Kersseboom R, Gooskens S, Appel IM, Arentsen-Peters STCJM, de Vries ACH, Reinhardt D, Stary J, Baruchel A, de Haas V, Blink M, Lopes Cardozo RH, Pieters R, Michel Zwaan C, van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM. Somatic thrombopoietin (THPO) gene mutations in childhood myeloid leukemias. Int J Hematol 2015; 102:140-3. [PMID: 25728710 DOI: 10.1007/s12185-015-1759-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2014] [Revised: 02/03/2015] [Accepted: 02/12/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
We report, for the first time, a non-syndromic infant with a reversible myeloproliferative disease that harbors a germline hereditary thrombopoietin (THPO) gene mutation, a condition that is known to induce familial thrombocytosis at increasing age. In order to investigate whether somatic THPO gene mutations play a role in sporadic pediatric myeloproliferative diseases, we performed a mutation screening of a large representative cohort of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia, myeloid leukemia of Down syndrome, and juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia samples and show that gain-of-function THPO mutations are extremely rare in sporadic pediatric myeloproliferative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite E Houwing
- Department of Pediatric Oncology/Hematology, Erasmus MC-Sophia Children's Hospital, Dr Molewaterplein 60, Room Na 16.13, 3015 GJ, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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8
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Alpharetroviral vectors: from a cancer-causing agent to a useful tool for human gene therapy. Viruses 2014; 6:4811-38. [PMID: 25490763 PMCID: PMC4276931 DOI: 10.3390/v6124811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Revised: 11/07/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gene therapy using integrating retroviral vectors has proven its effectiveness in several clinical trials for the treatment of inherited diseases and cancer. However, vector-mediated adverse events related to insertional mutagenesis were also observed, emphasizing the need for safer therapeutic vectors. Paradoxically, alpharetroviruses, originally discovered as cancer-causing agents, have a more random and potentially safer integration pattern compared to gammaretro- and lentiviruses. In this review, we provide a short overview of the history of alpharetroviruses and explain how they can be converted into state-of-the-art gene delivery tools with improved safety features. We discuss development of alpharetroviral vectors in compliance with regulatory requirements for clinical translation, and provide an outlook on possible future gene therapy applications. Taken together, this review is a broad overview of alpharetroviral vectors spanning the bridge from their parental virus discovery to their potential applicability in clinical settings.
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9
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A hyperactive Mpl-based cell growth switch drives macrophage-associated erythropoiesis through an erythroid-megakaryocytic precursor. Blood 2014; 125:1025-33. [PMID: 25343958 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2014-02-555318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Several approaches for controlling hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell expansion, lineage commitment, and maturation have been investigated for improving clinical interventions. We report here that amino acid substitutions in a thrombopoietin receptor (Mpl)--containing cell growth switch (CGS) extending receptor stability improve the expansion capacity of human cord blood CD34(+) cells in the absence of exogenous cytokines. Activation of this CGS with a chemical inducer of dimerization (CID) expands total cells 99-fold, erythrocytes 70-fold, megakaryocytes 0.5-fold, and CD34(+) stem/progenitor cells 4.4-fold by 21 days of culture. Analysis of cells in these expanded populations identified a CID-dependent bipotent erythrocyte-megakaryocyte precursor (PEM) population, and a CID-independent macrophage population. The CD235a(+)/CD41a(+) PEM population constitutes up to 13% of the expansion cultures, can differentiate into erythrocytes or megakaryocytes, exhibits very little expansion capacity, and exists at very low levels in unexpanded cord blood. The CD206(+) macrophage population constitutes up to 15% of the expansion cultures, exhibits high-expansion capacity, and is physically associated with differentiating erythroblasts. Taken together, these studies describe a fundamental enhancement of the CGS expansion platform, identify a novel precursor population in the erythroid/megakaryocytic differentiation pathway of humans, and implicate an erythropoietin-independent, macrophage-associated pathway supporting terminal erythropoiesis in this expansion system.
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10
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Cytological characterization of murine bone marrow and spleen hematopoietic compartments for improved assessment of toxicity in preclinical gene marking models. Ann Hematol 2013; 92:595-604. [PMID: 23307598 DOI: 10.1007/s00277-012-1655-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 12/08/2012] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Gene therapy has proven its potential to cure diseases of the hematopoietic system, but potential adverse reactions related to insertional mutagenesis by integrating gene vectors and chromosomal instability in long-lived repopulating cells have emerged as a major limitation. Preclinical gene therapy in murine models is a powerful model for assessment of gene marking efficiency and adverse reactions. However, changes in the hematologic composition after transplantation with retrovirally modified hematopoietic stem cells have not been well investigated in large cohorts of animals by systematic cytological analyses. In the present study, cytological analyses of bone marrow and spleen were performed in a large cohort (n = 58) of C57BL/6J mice over an extended observation period after gene marking. Interestingly, we observed hematological malignancies in four out of 30 animals transplanted with dLNGFR (truncated form of the human p75 low-affinity nerve growth factor receptor) and tCD34 modified stem/progenitor cells. Our data demonstrate that cytological analysis provides important information for diagnosis of hematological disorders and thus should be included in preclinical studies and performed in each investigated animal. Together with histological analysis, flow cytometric analysis, and other analyses, the quality and predictive value of preclinical gene therapy studies will be improved.
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de Laval B, Pawlikowska P, Petit-Cocault L, Bilhou-Nabera C, Aubin-Houzelstein G, Souyri M, Pouzoulet F, Gaudry M, Porteu F. Thrombopoietin-Increased DNA-PK-Dependent DNA Repair Limits Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Mutagenesis in Response to DNA Damage. Cell Stem Cell 2013; 12:37-48. [DOI: 10.1016/j.stem.2012.10.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2012] [Revised: 09/14/2012] [Accepted: 10/20/2012] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
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12
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Kockar F, Yildrim H, Sagkan RI, Hagemann C, Soysal Y, Anacker J, Hamza AA, Vordermark D, Flentje M, Said HM. Hypoxia and cytokines regulate carbonic anhydrase 9 expression in hepatocellular carcinoma cells in vitro. World J Clin Oncol 2012; 3:82-91. [PMID: 22724087 PMCID: PMC3380102 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v3.i6.82] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2011] [Revised: 05/30/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To study the expression of carbonic anhydrase (CA) 9 in human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) cells.
METHODS: We studied CA9 protein, CA9 mRNA and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein levels in Hep3B cells exposed in different parallel approaches. In one of these approaches, HCC cells were exposed to extreme in vitro hypoxia (24 h 0.1% O2) without or with interleukin (IL)-1, IL-6, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) stimulation for the same hypoxic exposure time or exposed to normoxic oxygenation conditions without or with cytokine stimulation.
RESULTS: The tumour cell line analysed showed a strong hypoxic CA9 mRNA expression pattern in response to prolonged severe hypoxia with cell-line specific patterns and a marked induction of CA9 protein in response to severe hypoxia. These results were paralleled by the results for HIF-1α protein under identical oxygenation conditions with a similar expression tendency to that displayed during the CA9 protein expression experimental series. Continuous stimulation with the cytokines, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β, under normoxic conditions significantly increased the carbonic anhydrase 9 expression level at both the protein and mRNA level, almost doubling the CA9 mRNA and CA9 and HIF-1α protein expression levels found under hypoxia. The findings from these experiments indicated that hypoxia is a positive regulator of CA9 expression in HCC, and the four signal transduction pathways, IL-1, IL-6, TNF-α and TGF-β, positively influence CA9 expression under both normoxic and hypoxic conditions.
CONCLUSION: These findings may potentially be considered in the design of anti- cancer therapeutic approaches involving hypoxia-induced or cytokine stimulatory effects on expression. In addition, they provide evidence of the stimulatory role of the examined cytokine families resulting in an increase in CA9 expression under different oxygenation conditions in human cancer, especially HCC, and on the role of the CA9 gene as a positive disease regulator in human cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feray Kockar
- Feray Kockar, Hatice Yildrim, Department of Biology, Faculty of Art and Science, Balikesir University, 10145 Balikesir, Turkey
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13
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Lachmann N, Brennig S, Pfaff N, Schermeier H, Dahlmann J, Phaltane R, Gruh I, Modlich U, Schambach A, Baum C, Moritz T. Efficient in vivo regulation of cytidine deaminase expression in the haematopoietic system using a doxycycline-inducible lentiviral vector system. Gene Ther 2012; 20:298-307. [PMID: 22592598 DOI: 10.1038/gt.2012.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Regulated transgene expression may reduce transgene-specific and genotoxic risks associated with gene therapy. To prove this concept, we have investigated the suitability of doxycycline (Dox)-inducible human cytidine deaminase (hCDD) overexpression from lentiviral vectors to mediate effective myeloprotection while circumventing the lymphotoxicity observed with constitutive CDD activity. Rapid Dox-mediated transgene induction associated with a 6-17-fold increase in drug resistance was observed in 32D and primary murine bone marrow (BM) cells. Moreover, robust Dox-regulated transgene expression in the entire haematopoietic system was demonstrated for primary and secondary recipients of hCDD-transduced R26-M2rtTA transgenic BM cells. Furthermore, mice were significantly protected from myelosuppressive chemotherapy as evidenced by accelerated recovery of granulocytes (1.9±0.6 vs 1.3±0.3, P=0.034) and platelets (883±194 vs 584±160 10(3) per μl, P=0.011). Minimal transgene expression in the non-induced state and no overt cellular toxicities including lymphotoxicity were detected. Thus, using a relevant murine transplant model our data provide conclusive evidence that drug-resistance transgenes can be expressed in a regulated fashion in the lymphohaematopoietic system, and that Dox-inducible systems may be used to reduce myelotoxic side effect of anticancer chemotherapy or to avoid side effects of high constitutive transgene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Lachmann
- REBIRTH Cluster-of-Excellence, Research Group Reprogramming, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
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14
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Liu L, Ling X, Liang H, Gao Y, Yang H, Shao J, Tang H. Hypomethylation mediated by decreased DNMTs involves in the activation of proto-oncogene MPL in TK6 cells treated with hydroquinone. Toxicol Lett 2012; 209:239-45. [PMID: 22245671 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.12.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2011] [Revised: 12/28/2011] [Accepted: 12/29/2011] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hydroquinone (HQ), one of the most important metabolites derived from benzene, is known to be associated with acute myelogenous leukemia (AML) risk, however, its carcinogenic mechanism remains unclear. In this study, the epigenetic mechanism of HQ exposure was investigated. We characterized the epigenomic response of TK6 cells to HQ exposure, and examined the mRNA expression of DNA methyltransferases (DNMTs) including DNMT1, DNMT3a and DNMT3b, methyl-CpG-binding domain protein 2 (MBD2) and six proto-oncogenes (MPL, RAF1, MYB, MYC, ERBB2 and BRAF). Compared to the control cells, HQ exposure (2.5, 5.0, 10.0 and 20.0 μM for 48 h) resulted in the decrease of DNMTs and MBD2 expression, the global hypomethylation and increase of MPL at mRNA level. Meanwhile, most of these changes were in dose-dependent manner. Moreover, inhibition of DNMTs induced by 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-AZA), an identified DNMT inhibitor, caused more induction of MPL expression at mRNA level compared to the HQ (10.0 μM) pre-treated group. Furthermore, treatment of HQ potentially led to MPL itself hypomethylation (10.0 and 20.0 μM reduced by 47% and 44%, respectively), further revealing that the activation of proto-oncogene MPL was related to hypomethylation in its DNA sequences. In conclusion, hypomethylation, including global and specific hypomethylation, might be involved in the activation of MPL, and the hypomethylation could be induced by decreased DNMTs in TK6 cells exposed to HQ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linhua Liu
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, School of Public Health, Guangdong Medical College, Dongguan 523808, PR China
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15
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Geddis AE. Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2011; 57:199-203. [PMID: 21337678 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.22927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2010] [Accepted: 11/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Congenital amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (CAMT) is clinically characterized by thrombocytopenia presenting at birth in a child without congenital or skeletal malformations, reduced or absent bone marrow megakaryocytes, and eventual progression to bone marrow failure. Molecular studies in most cases confirm homozygous or compound heterozygous mutations in the thrombopoietin receptor c-Mpl. In addition to the clinical importance of recognizing this disorder, characterization of mutations identified in patients with CAMT has led to insights into thrombopoietin receptor structure and function. This review will summarize the diagnosis, pathophysiology, and management of CAMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amy E Geddis
- Pediatric Hematology-Oncology, University of California San Diego, Rady Children's Hospital San Diego, San Diego, California 92123, USA.
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Lentiviral gene transfer regenerates hematopoietic stem cells in a mouse model for Mpl-deficient aplastic anemia. Blood 2011; 117:3737-47. [PMID: 21289307 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2010-09-308262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Thpo/Mpl signaling plays an important role in the maintenance of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) in addition to its role in megakaryopoiesis. Patients with inactivating mutations in Mpl develop thrombocytopenia and aplastic anemia because of progressive loss of HSCs. Yet, it is unknown whether this loss of HSCs is an irreversible process. In this study, we used the Mpl knockout (Mpl(-/-)) mouse model and expressed Mpl from newly developed lentiviral vectors specifically in the physiologic Mpl target populations, namely, HSCs and megakaryocytes. After validating lineage-specific expression in vivo using lentiviral eGFP reporter vectors, we performed bone marrow transplantation of transduced Mpl(-/-) bone marrow cells into Mpl(-/-) mice. We show that restoration of Mpl expression from transcriptionally targeted vectors prevents lethal adverse reactions of ectopic Mpl expression, replenishes the HSC pool, restores stem cell properties, and corrects platelet production. In some mice, megakaryocyte counts were atypically high, accompanied by bone neo-formation and marrow fibrosis. Gene-corrected Mpl(-/-) cells had increased long-term repopulating potential, with a marked increase in lineage(-)Sca1(+)cKit(+) cells and early progenitor populations in reconstituted mice. Transcriptome analysis of lineage(-)Sca1(+)cKit(+) cells in Mpl-corrected mice showed functional adjustment of genes involved in HSC self-renewal.
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17
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Kustikova O, Brugman M, Baum C. The genomic risk of somatic gene therapy. Semin Cancer Biol 2010; 20:269-78. [DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2010.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Revised: 06/02/2010] [Accepted: 06/24/2010] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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18
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Schambach A, Cantz T, Baum C, Cathomen T. Generation and genetic modification of induced pluripotent stem cells. Expert Opin Biol Ther 2010; 10:1089-103. [DOI: 10.1517/14712598.2010.496775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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