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Husain I, Luo X. Apoptotic Donor Cells in Transplantation. Front Immunol 2021; 12:626840. [PMID: 33717145 PMCID: PMC7947657 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.626840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Accepted: 01/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite significant advances in prevention and treatment of transplant rejection with immunosuppressive medications, we continue to face challenges of long-term graft survival, detrimental medication side effects to both the recipient and transplanted organ together with risks for opportunistic infections. Transplantation tolerance has so far only been achieved through hematopoietic chimerism, which carries with it a serious and life-threatening risk of graft versus host disease, along with variability in persistence of chimerism and uncertainty of sustained tolerance. More recently, numerous in vitro and in vivo studies have explored the therapeutic potential of silent clearance of apoptotic cells which have been well known to aid in maintaining peripheral tolerance to self. Apoptotic cells from a donor not only have the ability of down regulating the immune response, but also are a way of providing donor antigens to recipient antigen-presenting-cells that can then promote donor-specific peripheral tolerance. Herein, we review both laboratory and clinical evidence that support the utility of apoptotic cell-based therapies in prevention and treatment of graft versus host disease and transplant rejection along with induction of donor-specific tolerance in solid organ transplantation. We have highlighted the potential limitations and challenges of this apoptotic donor cell-based therapy together with ongoing advancements and attempts made to overcome them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Husain
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Xunrong Luo
- Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, United States
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2
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Lohan P, Treacy O, Morcos M, Donohoe E, O'donoghue Y, Ryan AE, Elliman SJ, Ritter T, Griffin MD. Interspecies Incompatibilities Limit the Immunomodulatory Effect of Human Mesenchymal Stromal Cells in the Rat. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1210-1215. [PMID: 29726063 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSC) are an immunomodulatory cell population which are under preclinical and clinical investigation for a number of inflammatory conditions including transplantation. In this study, a well-established rat corneal transplantation model was used to test the ability of human MSC to prolong corneal allograft rejection-free survival using a pre-transplant intravenous infusion protocol previously shown to be efficacious with allogeneic rat MSC. Surprisingly, pre-transplant administration of human MSC had no effect on corneal allograft survival. In vitro, human MSC failed to produce nitric oxide and upregulate IDO and, as a consequence, could not suppress rat T-cell proliferation. Furthermore, human MSC were not activated by rat pro-inflammatory cytokines. Thus, interspecies incompatibility in cytokine signaling leading to failure of MSC licensing may explain the lack of in vivo efficacy of human MSC in a rat tissue allotransplant model. Interspecies incompatibilities should be taken into consideration when interpreting preclinical data efficacy data in the context of translation to clinical trial. Stem Cells 2018;36:1210-1215.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Lohan
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Oliver Treacy
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Maurice Morcos
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Ellen Donohoe
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Aideen E Ryan
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | | | - Thomas Ritter
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Matthew D Griffin
- Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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3
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Lynch K, Treacy O, Gerlach JQ, Annuk H, Lohan P, Cabral J, Joshi L, Ryan AE, Ritter T. Regulating Immunogenicity and Tolerogenicity of Bone Marrow-Derived Dendritic Cells through Modulation of Cell Surface Glycosylation by Dexamethasone Treatment. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1427. [PMID: 29163502 PMCID: PMC5670353 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cellular therapies and dendritic cell vaccines show promise for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, the prolongation of graft survival in transplantation, and in educating the immune system to fight cancers. Cell surface glycosylation plays a crucial role in the cell–cell interaction, uptake of antigens, migration, and homing of DCs. Glycosylation is known to change with environment and the functional state of DCs. Tolerogenic DCs (tDCs) are commonly generated using corticosteroids including dexamethasone, however, to date, little is known on how corticosteroid treatment alters glycosylation and what functional consequences this may have. Here, we present a comprehensive profile of rat bone marrow-derived dendritic cells, examining their cell surface glycosylation profile before and after Dexa treatment as resolved by both lectin microarrays and lectin-coupled flow cytometry. We further examine the functional consequences of altering cell surface glycosylation on immunogenicity and tolerogenicity of DCs. Dexa treatment of rat DCs leads to profoundly reduced expression of markers of immunogenicity (MHC I/II, CD80, CD86) and pro-inflammatory molecules (IL-6, IL-12p40, inducible nitric oxide synthase) indicating a tolerogenic phenotype. Moreover, by comprehensive lectin microarray profiling and flow cytometry analysis, we show that sialic acid (Sia) is significantly upregulated on tDCs after Dexa treatment, and that this may play a vital role in the therapeutic attributes of these cells. Interestingly, removal of Sia by neuraminidase treatment increases the immunogenicity of immature DCs and also leads to increased expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines while tDCs are moderately protected from this increase in immunogenicity. These findings may have important implications in strategies aimed at increasing tolerogenicity where it is advantageous to reduce immune activation over prolonged periods. These findings are also relevant in therapeutic strategies aimed at increasing the immunogenicity of cells, for example, in the context of tumor specific immunotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Lynch
- School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Oliver Treacy
- School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Jared Q Gerlach
- School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Glycoscience Group, NCBES National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Heidi Annuk
- Glycoscience Group, NCBES National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Paul Lohan
- School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Joana Cabral
- School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Lokesh Joshi
- Glycoscience Group, NCBES National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Aideen E Ryan
- School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland.,Discipline of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, School of Medicine, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Ritter
- School of Medicine, Regenerative Medicine Institute (REMEDI), National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
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Muramatsu K, Tajima Y, Kaneko R, Yanagita Y, Hirai H, Hiura N. Characterization of poly(L-glutamic acid)-grafted hyaluronan as a novel candidate medicine and biomedical device for intra-articular injection. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 105:3006-3016. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2017] [Accepted: 06/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuaki Muramatsu
- Division of Life Science and Engineering; School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama-cho, Hiki-gun; Saitama 350-0394 Japan
| | - Yuya Tajima
- Division of Life Science and Engineering; School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama-cho, Hiki-gun; Saitama 350-0394 Japan
| | - Rin Kaneko
- Division of Life Science and Engineering; School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama-cho, Hiki-gun; Saitama 350-0394 Japan
| | - Yuta Yanagita
- Division of Life Science and Engineering; School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama-cho, Hiki-gun; Saitama 350-0394 Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hirai
- Division of Life Science and Engineering; School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama-cho, Hiki-gun; Saitama 350-0394 Japan
| | - Nana Hiura
- Division of Life Science and Engineering; School of Science and Engineering, Tokyo Denki University, Ishizaka, Hatoyama-cho, Hiki-gun; Saitama 350-0394 Japan
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehran Zarei-Ghanavati
- Eye Research Center, Farabi Eye Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton, Eastern Road, England BN2 5BF
| | - Christopher Liu
- Sussex Eye Hospital, Brighton, Eastern Road, England BN2 5BF
- Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, England
- Tongdean Eye Clinic, Hove, England
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Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are antigen-presenting cells that normally play a critical role in stimulating T-cell-dependent immune responses. However, tolerogenic DCs (CD11cMHC-IICD80CD86) induce immune tolerance by stimulating regulatory T cells (Tregs: CD4CD25Foxp3). Although tolerogenic DCs are used to treat autoimmune diseases and to prevent transplantation rejection, the mechanisms by which they regulate alloimmunity are poorly understood. Here, we review our previous studies aiming to elucidate the mechanisms involved in immune rejection of corneal allografts using a corneal transplant model. We found that donor-derived tolerogenic DCs significantly prolonged corneal allograft survival by suppressing indirect allosensitization. We also reported the precise distribution of intraepithelial corneal DCs, termed Langerhans cells (LCs: CD11cLangerinMHC-II) in the cornea, which we maintain play a critical role in regulating corneal immunity. By confocal microscopy, we constructed 3-dimensional images of corneal LCs, which demonstrated that their cell bodies are present in the basal cell layer of the corneal epithelium. Furthermore, LC dendrites extend toward the ocular surface, but do not connect to epithelial tight junctions, indicating that they cannot directly interact with ocular surface antigens. We confirm the potential of DC therapy for corneal graft rejection and report the function of intraepithelial DCs (LCs) in the normal cornea.
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Yoo S, Ha SJ. Generation of Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells and Their Therapeutic Applications. Immune Netw 2016; 16:52-60. [PMID: 26937232 PMCID: PMC4770100 DOI: 10.4110/in.2016.16.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 02/05/2016] [Accepted: 02/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs) are professional antigen-presenting cells (APCs) that bridge innate and adaptive immune responses, thereby leading to immune activation. DCs have been known to recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns such as lipopolysaccharides (LPS) and nucleic acids via their pattern recognition receptors, which trigger signaling of their maturation and effector functions. Furthermore, DCs take up and process antigens as a form of peptide loaded on the major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and present them to T cells, which are responsible for the adaptive immune response. Conversely, DCs can also play a role in inducing immune suppression under specific circumstances. From this perspective, the role of DCs is related to tolerance rather than immunity. Immunologists refer to these special DCs as tolerogenic DCs (tolDCs). However, the definition of tolDCs is controversial, and there is limited information on their development and characteristics. In this review, we discuss the current concept of tolDCs, cutting-edge methods for generating tolDCs in vitro, and future applications of tolDCs, including clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seungbo Yoo
- System Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sang-Jun Ha
- System Immunology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, College of Life Science & Biotechnology, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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Treacy O, Fahy G, Ritter T, O'Flynn L. Corneal Immunosuppressive Mechanisms, Anterior Chamber-Associated Immune Deviation (ACAID) and Their Role in Allograft Rejection. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1371:205-14. [PMID: 26530803 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3139-2_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Corneal transplantation is the most frequently performed transplant procedure in humans. Human leukocyte antigen matching, while imperative for other types of organ transplants, is usually not performed before cornea transplantation. With the use of topical steroid immunosuppressants, which are subsequently tailed off to almost zero, most corneal transplants will not be rejected in recipients with low risk of graft rejection. This phenomenon has been described as immune privilege by Medawar many years ago. However, this immune privilege is relative and can be easily eroded, e.g. by postoperative nonspecific inflammation or other causes of corneal or ocular inflammation. Interestingly, corneas that are at high risk of rejection have a higher failure rate than other organs. Considerable progress has been made in recent years to provide a better understanding of corneal immune privilege. This chapter will review current knowledge on ocular immunosuppressive mechanisms including anterior chamber-associated immune deviation and discuss their role(s) in corneal allograft rejection. Ultimately, this evolving information will be of benefit in developing therapeutic strategies to prevent corneal transplant rejection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Treacy
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Gerry Fahy
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Galway, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Thomas Ritter
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Institute, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.
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A novel cyclic helix B peptide inhibits dendritic cell maturation during amelioration of acute kidney graft rejection through Jak-2/STAT3/SOCS1. Cell Death Dis 2015; 6:e1993. [PMID: 26610206 PMCID: PMC4670942 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2015.338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2015] [Revised: 09/22/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
We recently synthesized a novel proteolysis-resistant cyclic helix B peptide (CHBP) that exhibits promising renoprotective effects. Dendritic cells (DCs) play an activation role in acute rejection (AR). Thus, the present study was designed to investigate the effects of CHBP on DCs in a rat renal transplantation model. The left kidney was harvested from male Lewis rats and then transplanted into male Wistar rats with or without CHBP treatment. Five successive treatment doses of CHBP after transplantation significantly ameliorated AR with lower histological injury, apoptosis and CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell infiltration in renal allografts. CHBP reduced IFN-γ and IL-1β levels but increased IL-4 and IL-10 levels in the serum. The number of mature DCs was significantly decreased in renal allografts treated with CHBP. In addition, incubating DCs with CHBP in vitro led to reduction in TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β and IL-12 levels and increase of IL-10 expression at the protein level in the supernatant. Mechanistically, CHBP inhibited TLR activation-induced DC maturation by increasing SOCS1 expression through Jak-2/STAT3 signaling. In conclusion, CHBP suppresses renal allograft AR by inhibiting the maturation of DCs via Jak-2/STAT3/SOCS1 signaling, suggesting that CHBP may be an potential therapeutic drug for treating renal AR.
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Treacy O, O'Flynn L, Ryan AE, Morcos M, Lohan P, Schu S, Wilk M, Fahy G, Griffin MD, Nosov M, Ritter T. Mesenchymal stem cell therapy promotes corneal allograft survival in rats by local and systemic immunomodulation. Am J Transplant 2014; 14:2023-36. [PMID: 25307035 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.12828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 04/30/2014] [Accepted: 05/12/2014] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being investigated extensively due to their ability to dampen immune responses. Here, we tested the ability of MSCs from three distinct sources to prolong rat corneal allograft survival. A fully allogeneic rat cornea transplant model (DA to LEW) was used. Recipient rats received 1 × 10(6) MSCs (syn [LEW], allo [DA] or third-party [Wistar Furth]) intravenously 7 days before transplantation and again on the day of transplantation (day 0). A high percentage of untreated and syn-MSC treated allografts were rejected (80% and 100%, respectively). Preactivation of syn-MSCs with interferon gamma also failed to prolong allograft survival. Conversely, corneal allograft survival was significantly prolonged in allo-MSC treated (90%) and third-party MSC treated (80%) allograft recipients. Flow cytometric analysis revealed less infiltrating natural killer T cells in corneas of both allo- and third-party MSC treated animals, coupled with a higher proportion of splenic CD4+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells, compared to controls. In the case of allo- and third-party MSCs, results from a delayed-type hypersensitivity assay clearly showed that hypo-responsiveness was specific for corneal donor-associated allo-antigens. Thus, allo- and third-party MSC treatment prolongs corneal allograft survival by suppressing peripheral immune responses and promoting an intragraft immunoregulatory milieu.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Treacy
- College of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Regenerative Medicine Institute, National Centre for Biomedical Engineering Science, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
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Gordon JR, Ma Y, Churchman L, Gordon SA, Dawicki W. Regulatory dendritic cells for immunotherapy in immunologic diseases. Front Immunol 2014; 5:7. [PMID: 24550907 PMCID: PMC3907717 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2014.00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
We recognize well the abilities of dendritic cells to activate effector T cell (Teff cell) responses to an array of antigens and think of these cells in this context as pre-eminent antigen-presenting cells, but dendritic cells are also critical to the induction of immunologic tolerance. Herein, we review our knowledge on the different kinds of tolerogenic or regulatory dendritic cells that are present or can be induced in experimental settings and humans, how they operate, and the diseases in which they are effective, from allergic to autoimmune diseases and transplant tolerance. The primary conclusions that arise from these cumulative studies clearly indicate that the agent(s) used to induce the tolerogenic phenotype and the status of the dendritic cell at the time of induction influence not only the phenotype of the dendritic cell, but also that of the regulatory T cell responses that they in turn mobilize. For example, while many, if not most, types of induced regulatory dendritic cells lead CD4+ naïve or Teff cells to adopt a CD25+Foxp3+ Treg phenotype, exposure of Langerhans cells or dermal dendritic cells to vitamin D leads in one case to the downstream induction of CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cell responses, while in the other to Foxp3− type 1 regulatory T cells (Tr1) responses. Similarly, exposure of human immature versus semi-mature dendritic cells to IL-10 leads to distinct regulatory T cell outcomes. Thus, it should be possible to shape our dendritic cell immunotherapy approaches for selective induction of different types of T cell tolerance or to simultaneously induce multiple types of regulatory T cell responses. This may prove to be an important option as we target diseases in different anatomic compartments or with divergent pathologies in the clinic. Finally, we provide an overview of the use and potential use of these cells clinically, highlighting their potential as tools in an array of settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- John R Gordon
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK , Canada
| | - Yanna Ma
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK , Canada
| | - Laura Churchman
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK , Canada
| | - Sara A Gordon
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK , Canada
| | - Wojciech Dawicki
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan , Saskatoon, SK , Canada
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