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Guo Z, Zhang Z, Deng Y, Wang J, Ye D, Liu J, Liu Y. Probing H_{2} Double Ionization with Bicircular Laser Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:143201. [PMID: 38640361 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.143201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
We present a kinematically complete study on strong-field double ionization of H_{2} molecules in two-color bicircular laser fields. The releasing times of electrons and protons are recorded with the double-hand attoclock. We observe the relative emission angles of two electrons oscillate with the kinetic energy release of protons, indicating the internal concerted four-body fragmentation. Using a three-dimensional molecular semiclassical ensemble model, we have disentangled the attosecond correlated electron emission in H_{2} double ionization. This work reveals the strong electron-nuclear coupling in the molecular bond breaking and may open up a new approach to experimentally accessing the intramolecular electron and bond dynamics with bicircular fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenning Guo
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhihe Zhang
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongkai Deng
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jiguo Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Difa Ye
- National Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, Beijing 100088, China
| | - Jie Liu
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Graduate School, China Academy of Engineering Physics, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Yunquan Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Mesoscopic Physics and Frontiers Science Center for Nano-optoelectronics, School of Physics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Center for Applied Physics and Technology, HEDPS, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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2
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Min Y, Xu X, Lv X, Zhang Y, Lu Y, Hao X, Tan J. Probing the electron motion in molecules using forward-scattering photoelectron holography. OPTICS EXPRESS 2024; 32:857-870. [PMID: 38175105 DOI: 10.1364/oe.513783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Charge migration initiated by the coherent superposition of several electronic states is a basic process in intense laser-matter interactions. Observing this process on its intrinsic timescale is one of the central goals of attosecond science. Here, using forward-scattering photoelectron holography we theoretically demonstrate a scheme to probe the charge migration in molecules. In our scheme, by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation, the photoelectron momentum distributions (PEMDs) for strong-field tunneling ionization of the molecule are obtained. For a superposition state, it is shown that an intriguing shift of the holographic interference appears in the PEMDs, when the molecule is aligned perpendicularly to the linearly polarized laser field. With the quantum-orbit analysis, we demonstrate that this shift of the interference fringes is caused by the time evolution of the non-stationary superposition state. By analyzing the dependence of the shift on the final parallel momentum of the electrons, the relative phase and the expansion coefficient ratio of the two electronic states involved in the superposition state are determined accurately. Our study provides an efficient method for probing the charge migration in molecules. It will facilitate the application of the forward-scattering photoelectron holography to survey the electronic dynamics in more complex molecules.
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Wang Z, Hu X, Xue X, Zhou S, Li X, Yang Y, Zhou J, Shu Z, Zhao B, Yu X, Gong M, Wang Z, Ma P, Wu Y, Chen X, Wang J, Ren X, Wang C, Ding D. Directly imaging excited state-resolved transient structures of water induced by valence and inner-shell ionisation. Nat Commun 2023; 14:5420. [PMID: 37669964 PMCID: PMC10480213 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-41204-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Real-time imaging of transient structure of the electronic excited state is fundamentally critical to understand and control ultrafast molecular dynamics. The ejection of electrons from the inner-shell and valence level can lead to the population of different excited states, which trigger manifold ultrafast relaxation processes, however, the accurate imaging of such electronic state-dependent structural evolutions is still lacking. Here, by developing the laser-induced electron recollision-assisted Coulomb explosion imaging approach and molecular dynamics simulations, snapshots of the vibrational wave-packets of the excited (A) and ground states (X) of D2O+ are captured simultaneously with sub-10 picometre and few-femtosecond precision. We visualise that θDOD and ROD are significantly increased by around 50∘ and 10 pm, respectively, within approximately 8 fs after initial ionisation for the A state, and the ROD further extends 9 pm within 2 fs along the ground state of the dication in the present condition. Moreover, the ROD can stretch more than 50 pm within 5 fs along autoionisation state of dication. The accuracies of the results are limited by the simulations. These results provide comprehensive structural information for studying the fascinating molecular dynamics of water, and pave the way towards to make a movie of excited state-resolved ultrafast molecular dynamics and light-induced chemical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenzhen Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaoqing Hu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaorui Xue
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Shengpeng Zhou
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Xiaokai Li
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Yizhang Yang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhou
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China
| | - Zheng Shu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Banchi Zhao
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Xitao Yu
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Maomao Gong
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physic, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
- School of Physics and Information Technology, Shaanxi Normal University, 710119, Xi' an, China
| | - Zhenpeng Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088, Beijing, China
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physic, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Pan Ma
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China
| | - Yong Wu
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088, Beijing, China.
- HEDPS, Center of Applied Physics and Technology, Peking University, 100871, Beijing, China.
| | - Xiangjun Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at Microscale and Department of Modern Physic, University of Science and Technology of China, 230026, Hefei, China
| | - Jianguo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Computational Physics, Institute of Applied Physics and Computational Mathematics, 100088, Beijing, China
| | - Xueguang Ren
- School of Physics, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China.
| | - Chuncheng Wang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
| | - Dajun Ding
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Physics and Jilin Provincial Key Laboratory of Applied Atomic and Molecular Spectroscopy, Jilin University, 130012, Changchun, China.
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4
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Li X, Xia W, Tian Y, Ren S. Highly collimated intense radiation from electron collisions with a tightly focused linearly polarized laser pulse. APPLIED OPTICS 2023; 62:3959-3966. [PMID: 37706706 DOI: 10.1364/ao.489807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
The use of high-energy radiation generated by electron collisions with a laser pulse is an effective method to treat cancer. In this paper, the spatial properties of radiation produced by electron collisions with a tightly focused linearly polarized laser pulse are investigated. Theoretical derivations and numerical simulations within the framework of classical electrodynamics show that the stronger the laser intensity, the higher the initial electron energy, and the longer the laser pulse, which can produce greater radiation power. An increase in the laser intensity expands the range of electron radiation and therefore reduces the collimation of the radiation. The collimation in the radiation is better when colliding with an electron of higher initial energy. The phenomenon that the radiated power of the electron varies periodically with the initial phase of the laser is also found. The results of this paper have important implications to produce strongly radiating and highly collimated rays.
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Kim HY, Garg M, Mandal S, Seiffert L, Fennel T, Goulielmakis E. Attosecond field emission. Nature 2023; 613:662-666. [PMID: 36697865 PMCID: PMC9876796 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05577-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Field emission of electrons underlies great advances in science and technology, ranging from signal processing at ever higher frequencies1 to imaging of the atomic-scale structure of matter2 with picometre resolution. The advancing of electron microscopy techniques to enable the complete visualization of matter on the native spatial (picometre) and temporal (attosecond) scales of electron dynamics calls for techniques that can confine and examine the field emission on sub-femtosecond time intervals. Intense laser pulses have paved the way to this end3,4 by demonstrating femtosecond confinement5,6 and sub-optical cycle control7,8 of the optical field emission9 from nanostructured metals. Yet the measurement of attosecond electron pulses has remained elusive. We used intense, sub-cycle light transients to induce optical field emission of electron pulses from tungsten nanotips and a weak replica of the same transient to directly investigate the emission dynamics in real time. Access to the temporal properties of the electron pulses rescattering off the tip surface, including the duration τ = (53 as ± 5 as) and chirp, and the direct exploration of nanoscale near fields open new prospects for research and applications at the interface of attosecond physics and nano-optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Y. Kim
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - M. Garg
- grid.419552.e0000 0001 1015 6736Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - S. Mandal
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - L. Seiffert
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - T. Fennel
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | - E. Goulielmakis
- grid.10493.3f0000000121858338Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, Rostock, Germany
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6
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Allum F, McManus J, Denby O, Burt M, Brouard M. Photoionization and Photofragmentation Dynamics of I 2 in Intense Laser Fields: A Velocity-Map Imaging Study. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:8577-8587. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Felix Allum
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Joseph McManus
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Oskar Denby
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Michael Burt
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Mark Brouard
- Chemistry Research Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
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7
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Gope K, Livshits E, Bittner DM, Baer R, Strasser D. An "inverse" harpoon mechanism. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabq8084. [PMID: 36170355 PMCID: PMC9519053 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abq8084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Electron-transfer reactions are ubiquitous in chemistry and biology. The electrons' quantum nature allows their transfer across long distances. For example, in the well-known harpoon mechanism, electron transfer results in Coulombic attraction between initially neutral reactants, leading to a marked increase in the reaction rate. Here, we present a different mechanism in which electron transfer from a neutral reactant to a multiply charged cation results in strong repulsion that encodes the electron-transfer distance in the kinetic energy release. Three-dimensional coincidence imaging allows to identify such "inverse" harpoon products, predicted by nonadiabatic molecular dynamics simulations to occur between H2 and HCOH2+ following double ionization of isolated methanol molecules. These dynamics are experimentally initiated by single-photon double ionization with ultrafast extreme ultraviolet pulses, produced by high-order harmonic generation. A detailed comparison of measured and simulated data indicates that while the relative probability of long-range electron-transfer events is correctly predicted, theory overestimates the electron-transfer distance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krishnendu Gope
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Ester Livshits
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and the Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Dror M. Bittner
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
| | - Roi Baer
- Fritz Haber Research Center for Molecular Dynamics and the Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Corresponding author. (R.B.); (D.S.)
| | - Daniel Strasser
- Institute of Chemistry, The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Jerusalem 91904, Israel
- Corresponding author. (R.B.); (D.S.)
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8
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Maxwell AS, Madsen LB, Lewenstein M. Entanglement of orbital angular momentum in non-sequential double ionization. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4706. [PMID: 35948552 PMCID: PMC9365801 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-32128-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Entanglement has a capacity to enhance imaging procedures, but this remains unexplored for attosecond imaging. Here, we elucidate that possibility, addressing orbital angular momentum (OAM) entanglement in ultrafast processes. In the correlated process non-sequential double ionization (NSDI) we demonstrate robust photoelectron entanglement. In contrast to commonly considered continuous variables, the discrete OAM allows for a simpler interpretation, computation, and measurement of entanglement. The logarithmic negativity reveals that the entanglement is robust to incoherence and an entanglement witness minimizes the number of measurements to detect the entanglement, both quantities are related to OAM coherence terms. We quantify the entanglement for a range of targets and field parameters to find the most entangled photoelectron pairs. This methodology provides a general way to use OAM to quantify and measure entanglement, well-suited to attosecond processes, and can be exploited to enhance imaging capabilities through correlated measurements, or for generation of OAM-entangled electrons. In strong field ionization, entanglement between an electron and an ion has been discussed previously. Here the authors explore orbital angular momentum entanglement between the electrons released in non-sequential double ionization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew S Maxwell
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain. .,Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark.
| | - Lars Bojer Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Maciej Lewenstein
- ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Carl Friedrich Gauss 3, 08860, Castelldefels, Barcelona, Spain.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
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9
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Mullins T, Karamatskos ET, Wiese J, Onvlee J, Rouzée A, Yachmenev A, Trippel S, Küpper J. Picosecond pulse-shaping for strong three-dimensional field-free alignment of generic asymmetric-top molecules. Nat Commun 2022; 13:1431. [PMID: 35301292 PMCID: PMC8931173 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28951-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Fixing molecules in space is a crucial step for the imaging of molecular structure and dynamics. Here, we demonstrate three-dimensional (3D) field-free alignment of the prototypical asymmetric top molecule indole using elliptically polarized, shaped, off-resonant laser pulses. A truncated laser pulse is produced using a combination of extreme linear chirping and controlled phase and amplitude shaping using a spatial-light-modulator (SLM) based pulse shaper of a broadband laser pulse. The angular confinement is detected through velocity-map imaging of H+ and C2+ fragments resulting from strong-field ionization and Coulomb explosion of the aligned molecules by intense femtosecond laser pulses. The achieved three-dimensional alignment is characterized by comparing the result of ion-velocity-map measurements for different alignment directions and for different times during and after the alignment laser pulse to accurate computational results. The achieved strong three-dimensional field-free alignment of [Formula: see text] demonstrates the feasibility of both, strong three-dimensional alignment of generic complex molecules and its quantitative characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Terry Mullins
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Evangelos T Karamatskos
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Joss Wiese
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jolijn Onvlee
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.,Institute for Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, Heijendaalseweg 135, 6525 AJ, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Rouzée
- Max Born Institute, Max-Born-Straße 2a, 12489, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andrey Yachmenev
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Sebastian Trippel
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.,Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jochen Küpper
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Physics, Universität Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany. .,Department of Chemistry, Universität Hamburg, Martin-Luther-King-Platz 6, 20146, Hamburg, Germany. .,Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Universität of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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10
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Kochetov V, Bokarev SI. RhoDyn: A ρ-TD-RASCI Framework to Study Ultrafast Electron Dynamics in Molecules. J Chem Theory Comput 2021; 18:46-58. [PMID: 34965135 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.1c01097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This article presents the program module RhoDyn as part of the OpenMOLCAS project intended to study ultrafast electron dynamics within the density-matrix-based time-dependent restricted active space configuration interaction framework (ρ-TD-RASCI). The formalism allows for the treatment of spin-orbit coupling effects, accounts for nuclear vibrations in the form of a vibrational heat bath, and naturally incorporates (auto)ionization effects. Apart from describing the theory behind and the program workflow, the paper also contains examples of its application to the simulations of the linear L2,3 absorption spectra of a titanium complex, high harmonic generation in the hydrogen molecule, ultrafast charge migration in benzene and iodoacetylene, and spin-flip dynamics in the core excited states of iron complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vladislav Kochetov
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Strasse 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
| | - Sergey I Bokarev
- Institut für Physik, Universität Rostock, A.-Einstein-Strasse 23-24, 18059 Rostock, Germany
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11
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Shestaev E, Hädrich S, Walther N, Eidam T, Klenke A, Seres I, Bengery Z, Jójárt P, Várallyay Z, Börzsönyi Á, Limpert J. Carrier-envelope offset stable, coherently combined ytterbium-doped fiber CPA delivering 1 kW of average power. OPTICS LETTERS 2020; 45:6350-6353. [PMID: 33258809 DOI: 10.1364/ol.409410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
We present a carrier-envelope offset (CEO) stable ytterbium-doped fiber chirped-pulse amplification system employing the technology of coherent beam combining and delivering more than 1 kW of average power at a pulse repetition rate of 80 MHz. The CEO stability of the system is 220 mrad rms, characterized out-of-loop with an f-to-2f interferometer in a frequency offset range of 10 Hz to 20 MHz. The high-power amplification system boosts the average power of the CEO stable oscillator by five orders of magnitude while increasing the phase noise by only 100 mrad. No evidence of CEO noise deterioration due to coherent beam combining is found. Low-frequency CEO fluctuations at the chirped-pulse amplifier are suppressed by a "slow loop" feedback. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first demonstration of a coherently combined laser system delivering an outstanding average power and high CEO stability at the same time.
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12
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Mondal T, Varandas AJC. Effect of initial vibrational excitation on the methane cation sub-femtosecond photodynamics. Mol Phys 2020. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2020.1752403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Hyderabad, India
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science, Zuarinagar, Goa, India
| | - A. J. C. Varandas
- School of Physics and Physical Engineering, Qufu Normal University, Qufu, People's Republic of China
- Department of Chemistry, and Chemistry Center, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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13
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Frotscher A, Gómez-Ramos M, Obertelli A, Doornenbal P, Authelet G, Baba H, Calvet D, Château F, Chen S, Corsi A, Delbart A, Gheller JM, Giganon A, Gillibert A, Isobe T, Lapoux V, Matsushita M, Momiyama S, Motobayashi T, Niikura M, Otsu H, Paul N, Péron C, Peyaud A, Pollacco EC, Roussé JY, Sakurai H, Santamaria C, Sasano M, Shiga Y, Shimizu N, Steppenbeck D, Takeuchi S, Taniuchi R, Uesaka T, Wang H, Yoneda K, Ando T, Arici T, Blazhev A, Browne F, Bruce AM, Carroll R, Chung LX, Cortés ML, Dewald M, Ding B, Dombradi Z, Flavigny F, Franchoo S, Giacoppo F, Górska M, Gottardo A, Hadyńska-Klęk K, Korkulu Z, Koyama S, Kubota Y, Jungclaus A, Lee J, Lettmann M, Linh BD, Liu J, Liu Z, Lizarazo C, Louchart C, Lozeva R, Matsui K, Miyazaki T, Moschner K, Nagamine S, Nakatsuka N, Nita C, Nishimura S, Nobs CR, Olivier L, Ota S, Patel Z, Podolyák Z, Rudigier M, Sahin E, Saito TY, Shand C, Söderström PA, Stefan IG, Sumikama T, Suzuki D, Orlandi R, Vaquero V, Vajta Z, Werner V, Wimmer K, Wu J, Xu Z. Sequential Nature of (p,3p) Two-Proton Knockout from Neutron-Rich Nuclei. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2020; 125:012501. [PMID: 32678621 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.125.012501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 06/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Twenty-one two-proton knockout (p,3p) cross sections were measured from neutron-rich nuclei at ∼250 MeV/nucleon in inverse kinematics. The angular distribution of the three emitted protons was determined for the first time, demonstrating that the (p,3p) kinematics are consistent with two sequential proton-proton collisions within the projectile nucleus. Ratios of (p,3p) over (p,2p) inclusive cross sections follow the trend of other many-nucleon removal reactions, further reinforcing the sequential nature of (p,3p) in neutron-rich nuclei.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Frotscher
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Gómez-Ramos
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Obertelli
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - P Doornenbal
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - G Authelet
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H Baba
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - D Calvet
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - F Château
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - S Chen
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - A Corsi
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Delbart
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J-M Gheller
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Giganon
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Gillibert
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - T Isobe
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - V Lapoux
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Matsushita
- Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo, RIKEN campus, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Momiyama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Motobayashi
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Niikura
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - H Otsu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - N Paul
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C Péron
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Peyaud
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E C Pollacco
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - J-Y Roussé
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - H Sakurai
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C Santamaria
- IRFU, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, F-91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - M Sasano
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Y Shiga
- Department of Physics, Rikkyo University, 3-34-1 Nishi-Ikebukuro, Toshima, Tokyo 172-8501, Japan
| | - N Shimizu
- Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - D Steppenbeck
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - S Takeuchi
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - R Taniuchi
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Uesaka
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - H Wang
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - K Yoneda
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - T Ando
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Arici
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Justus-Liebig-Universität Giessen, D-35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - A Blazhev
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - F Browne
- School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - A M Bruce
- School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - R Carroll
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - L X Chung
- Institute for Nuclear Science & Technology, VINATOM, P.O. Box 5T-160, Nghia Do, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - M L Cortés
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - M Dewald
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - B Ding
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
| | - Zs Dombradi
- MTA Atomki, P.O. Box 51, Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - F Flavigny
- Present affiliation: LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex 04, France
| | - S Franchoo
- Present affiliation: LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex 04, France
| | - F Giacoppo
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - M Górska
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - A Gottardo
- Present affiliation: LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex 04, France
| | - K Hadyńska-Klęk
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Z Korkulu
- MTA Atomki, P.O. Box 51, Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - S Koyama
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - Y Kubota
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo, RIKEN campus, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - A Jungclaus
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - J Lee
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - M Lettmann
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - B D Linh
- Institute for Nuclear Science & Technology, VINATOM, P.O. Box 5T-160, Nghia Do, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - J Liu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
| | - Z Liu
- Institute of Modern Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou 730000, People's Republic of China
- School of Nuclear Science and Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - C Lizarazo
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
- GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, D-64291 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - C Louchart
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - R Lozeva
- IPHC, CNRS/IN2P3, Université de Strasbourg, F-67037 Strasbourg, France
- CSNSM, CNRS/IN2P3, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay Campus, France
| | - K Matsui
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - T Miyazaki
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - K Moschner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Universität zu Köln, D-50937 Köln, Germany
| | - S Nagamine
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Nakatsuka
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - C Nita
- Horia Hulubei National Institute of Physics and Nuclear Engineering (IFIN-HH), RO-077125 Bucharest, Romania
| | - S Nishimura
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - C R Nobs
- School of Computing Engineering and Mathematics, University of Brighton, Brighton BN2 4GJ, United Kingdom
| | - L Olivier
- Present affiliation: LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex 04, France
| | - S Ota
- Center for Nuclear Study, The University of Tokyo, RIKEN campus, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
| | - Z Patel
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - Zs Podolyák
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - M Rudigier
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - E Sahin
- Department of Physics, University of Oslo, N-0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - T Y Saito
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - C Shand
- Department of Physics, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7XH, United Kingdom
| | - P-A Söderström
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Extreme Light Infrastructure-Nuclear Physics (ELI-NP), 077125 Bucharest-Măgurele, Romania
| | - I G Stefan
- Present affiliation: LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex 04, France
| | - T Sumikama
- Department of Physics, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - D Suzuki
- Present affiliation: LPC Caen, ENSICAEN, Université de Caen, CNRS/IN2P3, 14050 Caen Cedex 04, France
| | - R Orlandi
- Advanced Science Research Center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - V Vaquero
- Instituto de Estructura de la Materia, CSIC, 28006 Madrid, Spain
| | - Zs Vajta
- MTA Atomki, P.O. Box 51, Debrecen H-4001, Hungary
| | - V Werner
- Institut für Kernphysik, Technische Universität Darmstadt, D-64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - K Wimmer
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- Department of Physics, The University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - J Wu
- RIKEN Nishina Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198, Japan
- School of Physics and State Key Laboratory of Nuclear Physics and Technology, Peking University, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Z Xu
- Department of Physics, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong
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14
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Setting the photoelectron clock through molecular alignment. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2546. [PMID: 32439923 PMCID: PMC7242449 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16270-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The interaction of strong laser fields with matter intrinsically provides a powerful tool for imaging transient dynamics with an extremely high spatiotemporal resolution. Here, we study strong-field ionisation of laser-aligned molecules, and show a full real-time picture of the photoelectron dynamics in the combined action of the laser field and the molecular interaction. We demonstrate that the molecule has a dramatic impact on the overall strong-field dynamics: it sets the clock for the emission of electrons with a given rescattering kinetic energy. This result represents a benchmark for the seminal statements of molecular-frame strong-field physics and has strong impact on the interpretation of self-diffraction experiments. Furthermore, the resulting encoding of the time-energy relation in molecular-frame photoelectron momentum distributions shows the way of probing the molecular potential in real-time, and accessing a deeper understanding of electron transport during strong-field interactions. Interaction of strong laser fields with matter provides powerful tools to image transient dynamics with high spatiotemporal resolution. The authors investigate strong-field ionisation of laser-aligned molecules showing the effect of molecular alignment on the photoelectron dynamics and the resulting influence of the molecular frame in imaging experiments.
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Figueira de Morisson Faria C, Maxwell AS. It is all about phases: ultrafast holographic photoelectron imaging. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2020; 83:034401. [PMID: 31778986 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ab5c91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Photoelectron holography constitutes a powerful tool for the ultrafast imaging of matter, as it combines high electron currents with subfemtosecond resolution, and gives information about transition amplitudes and phase shifts. Similarly to light holography, it uses the phase difference between the probe and the reference waves associated with qualitatively different ionization events for the reconstruction of the target and for ascertaining any changes that may occur. These are major advantages over other attosecond imaging techniques, which require elaborate interferometric schemes in order to extract phase differences. For that reason, ultrafast photoelectron holography has experienced a huge growth in activity, which has led to a vast, but fragmented landscape. The present review is an organizational effort towards unifying this landscape. This includes a historic account in which a connection with laser-induced electron diffraction is established, a summary of the main holographic structures encountered and their underlying physical mechanisms, a broad discussion of the theoretical methods employed, and of the key challenges and future possibilities. We delve deeper in our own work, and place a strong emphasis on quantum interference, and on the residual Coulomb potential.
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16
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Hanus V, Kangaparambil S, Larimian S, Dorner-Kirchner M, Xie X, Schöffler MS, Paulus GG, Baltuška A, Staudte A, Kitzler-Zeiler M. Subfemtosecond Tracing of Molecular Dynamics during Strong-Field Interaction. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:263201. [PMID: 31951453 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.263201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
We introduce and experimentally demonstrate a method where the two intrinsic timescales of a molecule, the slow nuclear motion and the fast electronic motion, are simultaneously measured in a photoelectron photoion coincidence experiment. In our experiment, elliptically polarized, 750 nm, 4.5 fs laser pulses were focused to an intensity of 9×10^{14} W/cm^{2} onto H_{2}. Using coincidence imaging, we directly observe the nuclear wave packet evolving on the 1sσ_{g} state of H_{2}^{+} during its first round-trip with attosecond temporal and picometer spatial resolution. The demonstrated method should enable insight into the first few femtoseconds of the vibronic dynamics of ionization-induced unimolecular reactions of larger molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Václav Hanus
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | | | - Seyedreza Larimian
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | | | - Xinhua Xie
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
- SwissFEL, Paul Scherrer Institute, 5232 Villigen PSI, Switzerland
| | - Markus S Schöffler
- Institut für Kernphysik, Goethe-Universität Frankfurt, 60438 Frankfurt, Germany, EU
| | - Gerhard G Paulus
- Institute for Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, 07743 Jena, Germany, EU
| | - Andrius Baltuška
- Photonics Institute, Technische Universität Wien, 1040 Vienna, Austria, EU
| | - André Staudte
- Joint Laboratory for Attosecond Science of the National Research Council and the University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario K1A 0R6, Canada
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17
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Ji Q, Pan S, He P, Wang J, Lu P, Li H, Gong X, Lin K, Zhang W, Ma J, Li H, Duan C, Liu P, Bai Y, Li R, He F, Wu J. Timing Dissociative Ionization of H_{2} Using a Polarization-Skewed Femtosecond Laser Pulse. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2019; 123:233202. [PMID: 31868470 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.123.233202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Revised: 11/09/2019] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
We experimentally observe the bond stretching time of one-photon and net-two-photon dissociation pathways of singly ionized H_{2} molecules driven by a polarization-skewed femtosecond laser pulse. By measuring the angular distributions of the ejected photoelectron and nuclear fragments in coincidence, the cycle-changing polarization of the laser field enables us to clock the photon-ionization starting time and photon-dissociation stopping time, analogous to a stopwatch. After the single ionization of H_{2}, our results show that the produced H_{2}^{+} takes almost the same time in the one-photon and net-two-photon dissociation pathways to stretch to the internuclear distance of the one-photon coupled dipole-transition between the ground and excited electronic states. The spatiotemporal mapping character of the polarization-skewed laser field provides us a straightforward route to clock the ultrafast dynamics of molecules with sub-optical-cycle time resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinying Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Shengzhe Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Peilun He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Junping Wang
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Peifen Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Xiaochun Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Kang Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Wenbin Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Junyang Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Hanxiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Chungang Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ya Bai
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Ruxin Li
- State Key Laboratory of High Field Laser Physics, Shanghai Institute of Optics and Fine Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 201800, China
| | - Feng He
- Key Laboratory for Laser Plasmas (Ministry of Education) and School of Physics and Astronomy, Collaborative Innovation Center of IFSA (CICIFSA), Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jian Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Precision Spectroscopy, East China Normal University, Shanghai 200062, China
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030006, China
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18
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Voznyuk O, Jochim B, Zohrabi M, Broin A, Averin R, Carnes KD, Ben-Itzhak I, Wells E. Adaptive strong-field control of vibrational population in NO 2+. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124310. [DOI: 10.1063/1.5115504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- O. Voznyuk
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
| | - Bethany Jochim
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - M. Zohrabi
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - Adam Broin
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
| | - R. Averin
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
| | - K. D. Carnes
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - I. Ben-Itzhak
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - E. Wells
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, South Dakota 57197, USA
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Yang L, Reimers JR, Kobayashi R, Hush NS. Competition between charge migration and charge transfer induced by nuclear motion following core ionization: Model systems and application to Li 2. J Chem Phys 2019; 151:124108. [PMID: 31575213 DOI: 10.1063/1.5117246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Attosecond and femtosecond spectroscopies present opportunities for the control of chemical reaction dynamics and products, as well as for quantum information processing; we address the somewhat unique situation of core-ionization spectroscopy which, for dimeric chromophores, leads to strong valence charge localization and hence tightly paired potential-energy surfaces of very similar shape. Application is made to the quantum dynamics of core-ionized Li2 +. This system is chosen as Li2 is the simplest stable molecule facilitating both core ionization and valence ionization. First, the quantum dynamics of some model surfaces are considered, with the surprising result that subtle differences in shape between core-ionization paired surfaces can lead to dramatic differences in the interplay between electronic charge migration and charge transfer induced by nuclear motion. Then, equation-of-motion coupled-cluster calculations are applied to determine potential-energy surfaces for 8 core-excited state pairs, calculations believed to be the first of their type for other than the lowest-energy core-ionized molecular pair. While known results for the lowest-energy pair suggest that Li2 + is unsuitable for studying charge migration, higher-energy pairs are predicted to yield results showing competition between charge migration and charge transfer. Central is a focus on the application of Hush's 1975 theory for core-ionized X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy to understand the shapes of the potential-energy surfaces and hence predict key features of charge migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Likun Yang
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures and Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Jeffrey R Reimers
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Rika Kobayashi
- International Centre for Quantum and Molecular Structures and Department of Physics, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China
| | - Noel S Hush
- School of Molecular Biosciences, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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Tan J, Zhou Y, Li M, He M, Liu Y, Lu P. Accurate measurement of laser intensity using photoelectron interference in strong-field tunneling ionization. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:20063-20075. [PMID: 30119322 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.020063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Accurate determination of laser intensity is of fundamental importance to study various phenomena in intense laser-atom/molecule interactions. We theoretically demonstrate a scheme to measure laser intensity by examining the holographic structure originating from the interference between the direct and near-forward rescattering electrons in strong-field tunneling ionization. By adding a weak second-harmonic field with polarization orthogonal to the strong fundamental driving field, the interference pattern oscillates with the changing relative phases of the two-color fields. Interestingly, the amplitude of this oscillation in the photoelectron momentum spectrum depends on the parallel momentum. With the quantum-orbit analysis, we show that the amplitude of the oscillation minimizes when the time difference between the recollision and ionization of near-forward rescattering electron is half cycle of the fundamental driving field. This enables us to measure accurately the laser intensity by seeking the minimum of the oscillation amplitude. Moreover, we show that this minimum can be determined without scanning the relative phases, instead, by just monitoring the interference patterns for two relative phases. This facilitates the application of our scheme in experiment.
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21
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Gazibegović-Busuladžić A, Becker W, Milošević DB. Helicity asymmetry in strong-field ionization of atoms by a bicircular laser field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:12684-12697. [PMID: 29801305 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.012684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 04/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ionization of atoms by an intense bicircular laser field is considered, which consists of two coplanar corotating or counterrotating circularly polarized field components with frequencies that are integer multiples of a fundamental frequency. Emphasis is on the effect of a reversal of the helicities of the two field components on the photoelectron spectra. The velocity maps of the liberated electrons are calculated using the direct strong-field approximation (SFA) and its improved version (ISFA), which takes into account rescattering off the parent ion. Under the SFA all symmetries of the driving field are preserved in the velocity map while the ISFA violates certain reflection symmetries. This allows one to assess the significance of rescattering in actual data obtained from an experiment or a numerical simulation.
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22
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Kraus PM, Wörner HJ. Perspektiven für das Verständnis fundamentaler Elektronenkorrelationen durch Attosekundenspektroskopie. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201702759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Kraus
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Schweiz
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23
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Kraus PM, Wörner HJ. Perspectives of Attosecond Spectroscopy for the Understanding of Fundamental Electron Correlations. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:5228-5247. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201702759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2017] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Peter M. Kraus
- Department of Chemistry; University of California; Berkeley California 94720 USA
| | - Hans Jakob Wörner
- Laboratorium für Physikalische Chemie; ETH Zürich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zürich Switzerland
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24
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He M, Li Y, Zhou Y, Li M, Cao W, Lu P. Direct Visualization of Valence Electron Motion Using Strong-Field Photoelectron Holography. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:133204. [PMID: 29694204 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.133204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Watching the valence electron move in molecules on its intrinsic timescale has been one of the central goals of attosecond science and it requires measurements with subatomic spatial and attosecond temporal resolutions. The time-resolved photoelectron holography in strong-field tunneling ionization holds the promise to access this realm. However, it remains to be a challenging task hitherto. Here we reveal how the information of valence electron motion is encoded in the hologram of the photoelectron momentum distribution (PEMD) and develop a novel approach of retrieval. As a demonstration, applying it to the PEMDs obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for the prototypical molecule H_{2}^{+}, the attosecond charge migration is directly visualized with picometer spatial and attosecond temporal resolutions. Our method represents a general approach for monitoring attosecond charge migration in more complex polyatomic and biological molecules, which is one of the central tasks in the newly emerging attosecond chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingrui He
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yang Li
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yueming Zhou
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Min Li
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Wei Cao
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Peixiang Lu
- School of Physics and Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Laboratory of Optical Information Technology, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China
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25
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Abstract
Above-threshold ionization of atoms in strong laser fields is extensively studied for its overwhelming importance and universality. However, its counterpart, above-threshold dissociation of molecules in strong laser fields, is hard to be observed, although it has been predicted for decades. In this paper, by measuring the momenta of photoelectron and dissociative fragments coincidently, we successfully obtained distinct nuclear energy peaks of the high-order above-threshold dissociation, which must appear simultaneously with the above-threshold ionization. The coexistence of high-order above-threshold dissociation and high-order above-threshold ionization in molecular dissociative ionization offers a perspective to disentangle the complex electron–nuclear correlation in molecules and to image the molecular orbitals, and so on. Electrons bound to atoms or molecules can simultaneously absorb multiple photons via the above-threshold ionization featured with discrete peaks in the photoelectron spectrum on account of the quantized nature of the light energy. Analogously, the above-threshold dissociation of molecules has been proposed to address the multiple-photon energy deposition in the nuclei of molecules. In this case, nuclear energy spectra consisting of photon-energy spaced peaks exceeding the binding energy of the molecular bond are predicted. Although the observation of such phenomena is difficult, this scenario is nevertheless logical and is based on the fundamental laws. Here, we report conclusive experimental observation of high-order above-threshold dissociation of H2 in strong laser fields where the tunneling-ionized electron transfers the absorbed multiphoton energy, which is above the ionization threshold to the nuclei via the field-driven inelastic rescattering. Our results provide an unambiguous evidence that the electron and nuclei of a molecule as a whole absorb multiple photons, and thus above-threshold ionization and above-threshold dissociation must appear simultaneously, which is the cornerstone of the nowadays strong-field molecular physics.
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26
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Zhai C, Zhang X, Zhu X, He L, Zhang Y, Wang B, Zhang Q, Lan P, Lu P. Single-shot molecular orbital tomography with orthogonal two-color fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:2775-2784. [PMID: 29401813 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.002775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Molecular orbital tomography (MOT) based on high-order-harmonic generation opens a way to track the molecular electron dynamics or even follow a chemical reaction. However, the real-time imaging of the evolution of electron orbitals is hampered by the multi-shot measurement of high-order harmonics. Here, we report a single-shot MOT scheme with orthogonal two-color (OTC) fields. This scheme enables the tomographic imaging of molecular orbital with single-shot measurement in experiment, owing to the two-dimensional manipulation of the electron motion in OTC fields. Our work paves the way towards tracking the molecular electron dynamics with combined attosecond temporal and sub-Ångström spatial resolutions.
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27
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Crassee I, Gallmann L, Gäumann G, Matthews M, Yanagisawa H, Feurer T, Hengsberger M, Keller U, Osterwalder J, Wörner HJ, Wolf JP. Strong field transient manipulation of electronic states and bands. STRUCTURAL DYNAMICS (MELVILLE, N.Y.) 2017; 4:061505. [PMID: 29308417 PMCID: PMC5739908 DOI: 10.1063/1.4996424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2017] [Accepted: 09/18/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In the present review, laser fields are so strong that they become part of the electronic potential, and sometimes even dominate the Coulomb contribution. This manipulation of atomic potentials and of the associated states and bands finds fascinating applications in gases and solids, both in the bulk and at the surface. We present some recent spectacular examples obtained within the NCCR MUST in Switzerland.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Crassee
- Applied Physics, GAP, University of Geneva, 22 Ch. de Pinchat, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | | | - G Gäumann
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstr 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Matthews
- Applied Physics, GAP, University of Geneva, 22 Ch. de Pinchat, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
| | - H Yanagisawa
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - T Feurer
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Bern, Sidlerstr 5, 3012 Bern, Switzerland
| | - M Hengsberger
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - U Keller
- Department of Physics, Institute for Quantum Electronics, ETH-Zurich, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J Osterwalder
- Department of Physics, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstr 190, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - H J Wörner
- Physical Chemistry Laboratory, ETHZ, Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2, 8093 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - J P Wolf
- Applied Physics, GAP, University of Geneva, 22 Ch. de Pinchat, 1211 Geneva 4, Switzerland
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28
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Tancogne-Dejean N, Mücke OD, Kärtner FX, Rubio A. Ellipticity dependence of high-harmonic generation in solids originating from coupled intraband and interband dynamics. Nat Commun 2017; 8:745. [PMID: 28963478 PMCID: PMC5622149 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-00764-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 07/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The strong ellipticity dependence of high-harmonic generation (HHG) in gases enables numerous experimental techniques that are nowadays routinely used, for instance, to create isolated attosecond pulses. Extending such techniques to solids requires a fundamental understanding of the microscopic mechanism of HHG. Here we use first-principles simulations within a time-dependent density-functional framework and show how intraband and interband mechanisms are strongly and differently affected by the ellipticity of the driving laser field. The complex interplay between intraband and interband effects can be used to tune and improve harmonic emission in solids. In particular, we show that the high-harmonic plateau can be extended by as much as 30% using a finite ellipticity of the driving field. We furthermore demonstrate the possibility to generate, from single circularly polarized drivers, circularly polarized harmonics. Our work shows that ellipticity provides an additional knob to experimentally optimize HHG in solids.The mechanisms of high-order harmonic generation in bulk system and dilute gas are different. Here the authors use first-principle methods to explore the ellipticity dependence and control of the HHG in periodic solids by involving the interband and intraband dynamics in Si and MgO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Tancogne-Dejean
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
| | - Oliver D Mücke
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Franz X Kärtner
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany
- The Hamburg Center for Ultrafast Imaging, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
- Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Angel Rubio
- Max Planck Institute for the Structure and Dynamics of Matter, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
- European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility (ETSF), Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science CFEL, Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, Notkestraße 85, 22607, Hamburg, Germany.
- Physics Department, University of Hamburg, Luruper Chaussee 149, 22761, Hamburg, Germany.
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29
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30
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Jochim B, Siemering R, Zohrabi M, Voznyuk O, Mahowald JB, Schmitz DG, Betsch KJ, Berry B, Severt T, Kling NG, Burwitz TG, Carnes KD, Kling MF, Ben-Itzhak I, Wells E, de Vivie-Riedle R. The importance of Rydberg orbitals in dissociative ionization of small hydrocarbon molecules in intense laser fields. Sci Rep 2017; 7:4441. [PMID: 28667335 PMCID: PMC5493692 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04638-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Much of our intuition about strong-field processes is built upon studies of diatomic molecules, which typically have electronic states that are relatively well separated in energy. In polyatomic molecules, however, the electronic states are closer together, leading to more complex interactions. A combined experimental and theoretical investigation of strong-field ionization followed by hydrogen elimination in the hydrocarbon series C2D2, C2D4 and C2D6 reveals that the photofragment angular distributions can only be understood when the field-dressed orbitals rather than the field-free orbitals are considered. Our measured angular distributions and intensity dependence show that these field-dressed orbitals can have strong Rydberg character for certain orientations of the molecule relative to the laser polarization and that they may contribute significantly to the hydrogen elimination dissociative ionization yield. These findings suggest that Rydberg contributions to field-dressed orbitals should be routinely considered when studying polyatomic molecules in intense laser fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bethany Jochim
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - R Siemering
- Department für Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandt-Strasse 11, D-81377, München, Germany
| | - M Zohrabi
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - O Voznyuk
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - J B Mahowald
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - D G Schmitz
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - K J Betsch
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ben Berry
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - T Severt
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Nora G Kling
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - T G Burwitz
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA
| | - K D Carnes
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - M F Kling
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA.,Department für Physik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Am Coulombwall 1, D-85748, Garching, Germany
| | - I Ben-Itzhak
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Department of Physics, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - E Wells
- Department of Physics, Augustana University, Sioux Falls, SD 57197, USA.
| | - R de Vivie-Riedle
- Department für Chemie, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Butenandt-Strasse 11, D-81377, München, Germany.
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31
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Villeneuve DM, Hockett P, Vrakking MJJ, Niikura H. Coherent imaging of an attosecond electron wave packet. Science 2017; 356:1150-1153. [DOI: 10.1126/science.aam8393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- D. M. Villeneuve
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
- Joint Attosecond Science Laboratory, National Research Council and University of Ottawa, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - Paul Hockett
- National Research Council of Canada, 100 Sussex Drive, Ottawa, ON K1A 0R6, Canada
| | - M. J. J. Vrakking
- Max-Born-Institut, Max Born Straße 2A, D-12489 Berlin, Germany
- Fachbereich Physik, Freie Universität Berlin, Arnimallee 14, 14195 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiromichi Niikura
- Department of Applied Physics, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjyuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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32
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Nisoli M, Decleva P, Calegari F, Palacios A, Martín F. Attosecond Electron Dynamics in Molecules. Chem Rev 2017; 117:10760-10825. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.6b00453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 261] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nisoli
- Department
of Physics, Politecnico di Milano, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento
di Scienze Chimiche e Farmaceutiche, Universitá di Trieste and IOM- CNR, 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Francesca Calegari
- Institute for Photonics and Nanotechnologies, IFN-CNR, 20133 Milano, Italy
- Center for Free-Electron Laser Science, DESY, 22607 Hamburg, Germany
- Department
of Physics, University of Hamburg, 20355 Hamburg, Germany
| | - Alicia Palacios
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento
de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed
Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
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33
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Zhao H, Liu C, Zheng Y, Zeng Z, Li R. Attosecond chirp effect on the transient absorption spectrum of laser-dressed helium atom. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:7707-7718. [PMID: 28380889 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.007707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We theoretically investigate the attosecond transient absorption spectrum of helium atom in the presence of an infrared-dressed laser pulse upon scanning their relative delay, with the particular emphasis on the chirp effect of the attosecond pulse. By numerically solving the fully three-dimensional time-dependent Schrödinger equation, we identify the attoscecond chirp can induce the temporal shift of the absorption spectrogram along the delay axis. Additionally, it is found that the extent of the temporal shift is dependent on both the position of the absorption line and the infrared pulse wavelength, which is well confirmed and reproduced by a three-level model. Moreover, we demonstrate that the observed features can be quantitatively explained in terms of the indirect two-photon absorption processes through some virtual states. This effect might provide a way to measure the chirp of attosecond pulse in an all-optical way.
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34
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Kozák M, McNeur J, Leedle KJ, Deng H, Schönenberger N, Ruehl A, Hartl I, Harris JS, Byer RL, Hommelhoff P. Optical gating and streaking of free electrons with sub-optical cycle precision. Nat Commun 2017; 8:14342. [PMID: 28120930 PMCID: PMC5288495 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms14342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The temporal resolution of ultrafast electron diffraction and microscopy experiments is currently limited by the available experimental techniques for the generation and characterization of electron bunches with single femtosecond or attosecond durations. Here, we present proof of principle experiments of an optical gating concept for free electrons via direct time-domain visualization of the sub-optical cycle energy and transverse momentum structure imprinted on the electron beam. We demonstrate a temporal resolution of 1.2±0.3 fs. The scheme is based on the synchronous interaction between electrons and the near-field mode of a dielectric nano-grating excited by a femtosecond laser pulse with an optical period duration of 6.5 fs. The sub-optical cycle resolution demonstrated here is promising for use in laser-driven streak cameras for attosecond temporal characterization of bunched particle beams as well as time-resolved experiments with free-electron beams.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Kozák
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - J. McNeur
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - K. J. Leedle
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - H. Deng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - N. Schönenberger
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
| | - A. Ruehl
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - I. Hartl
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron DESY, D-22607 Hamburg, Germany
| | - J. S. Harris
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - R. L. Byer
- Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA
| | - P. Hommelhoff
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg (FAU), Staudtstrasse 1, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
- Max-Planck-Institute for the Science of Light, Staudtstrasse 2, 91058 Erlangen, Germany
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35
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Montero-Cabrera LA, Pérez-Badell Y, Piris M, Montero-Alejo AL, García de la Vega JM, Varandas AJ. Similarity measures between excited singlet and triplet electron densities in linear acenes: an application to singlet fission. Mol Phys 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/00268976.2016.1255799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Montero-Cabrera
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
- Department of Chemistry, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | | | - Mario Piris
- Kimika Fakultatea, Euskal Herriko Unibertsitatea (UPV/EHU), and Donostia International Physics Center (DIPC), Donostia, Spain
- IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ana L. Montero-Alejo
- Facultad de Química, Universidad de La Habana, La Habana, Cuba
- Departamento de Física, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad de Chile, Ñuñoa, Chile
| | - José M. García de la Vega
- Departamento de Química Física Aplicada, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - António J.C. Varandas
- Departamento de Química and Centro de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
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36
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High-energy electron emission from metallic nano-tips driven by intense single-cycle terahertz pulses. Nat Commun 2016; 7:13405. [PMID: 27830701 PMCID: PMC5109587 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms13405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Accepted: 09/29/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrons ejected from atoms and subsequently driven to high energies in strong laser fields enable techniques from attosecond pulse generation to imaging with rescattered electrons. Analogous processes govern strong-field electron emission from nanostructures, where long wavelength radiation and large local field enhancements hold the promise for producing electrons with substantially higher energies, allowing for higher resolution time-resolved imaging. Here we report on the use of single-cycle terahertz pulses to drive electron emission from unbiased nano-tips. Energies exceeding 5 keV are observed, substantially greater than previously attained at higher drive frequencies. Despite large differences in the magnitude of the respective local fields, we find that the maximum electron energies are only weakly dependent on the tip radius, for 10 nm<R<1,000 nm. Due to the single-cycle nature of the field, the high-energy electron emission is predicted to be confined to a single burst, potentially enabling a variety of applications. High-energy electron sources are powerful tools for investigating dynamics at atomic and subatomic scales. Here, Li and Jones demonstrate the terahertz-driven emission of electrons with energies exceeding five kiloelectronvolts from nano-tips and study its dependence on the tip radius.
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37
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Decleva P, Quadri N, Perveaux A, Lauvergnat D, Gatti F, Lasorne B, Halász GJ, Vibók Á. Attosecond electronic and nuclear quantum photodynamics of ozone monitored with time and angle resolved photoelectron spectra. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36613. [PMID: 27819356 PMCID: PMC5098203 DOI: 10.1038/srep36613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Recently we reported a series of numerical simulations proving that it is possible in principle to create an electronic wave packet and subsequent electronic motion in a neutral molecule photoexcited by a UV pump pulse within a few femtoseconds. We considered the ozone molecule: for this system the electronic wave packet leads to a dissociation process. In the present work, we investigate more specifically the time-resolved photoelectron angular distribution of the ozone molecule that provides a much more detailed description of the evolution of the electronic wave packet. We thus show that this experimental technique should be able to give access to observing in real time the creation of an electronic wave packet in a neutral molecule and its impact on a chemical process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piero Decleva
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita' di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1I - 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Nicola Quadri
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Universita' di Trieste, Via L. Giorgieri 1I - 34127 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aurelie Perveaux
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - David Lauvergnat
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique, CNRS, Université Paris-Sud, F-91405 Orsay, France
| | - Fabien Gatti
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Benjamin Lasorne
- Institut Charles Gerhardt, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, F-34095 Montpellier, France
| | - Gábor J Halász
- Department of Information Technology, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, PO Box 400, Hungary
| | - Ágnes Vibók
- Department of Theoretical Physics, University of Debrecen, H-4002 Debrecen, PO Box 400, Hungary.,ELI-ALPS, ELI-HU Non-Profit Ltd, Dugonics tér 13, H-6720 Szeged, Hungary
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38
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Li Y, Zhou Y, He M, Li M, Lu P. Identifying backward-rescattering photoelectron hologram with orthogonal two-color laser fields. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:23697-23706. [PMID: 27828206 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.023697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Backscattering photoelectron hologram (BPH) originating from direct and backward-rescattering electrons encodes important structural information and ultrafast dynamics of the underlying processes. However, the BPH is usually overshadowed by other interference structures in the photoelectrons momentum spectra, preventing a direct extraction of information using BPH. Here we theoretically demonstrate disentanglement of the BPH from other types of interference with the orthogonal two-color field, where a weak orthogonal component is used to streak the BPH. By carefully adjusting the relative phase of the two-color field, the BPH is effectively separated from other interferences in the photoelectron momentum spectra and thus the BPH is unambiguously identified. This takes a significant step to time-resolved imaging of the attosecond dynamics with strong-field photoelectron holography.
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39
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Arrell CA, Ojeda J, Mewes L, Grilj J, Frassetto F, Poletto L, van Mourik F, Chergui M. Laser-Assisted Photoelectric Effect from Liquids. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:143001. [PMID: 27740777 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.143001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The laser-assisted photoelectric effect from liquid surfaces is reported for the first time. Photoelectrons generated by 35.6 eV radiation from a liquid microjet of water under vacuum are dressed with a ℏω=1.55 eV laser field. The subsequent redistribution of the photoelectron energies consists in the appearance of sidebands shifted by energies equivalent to ℏω, 2ℏω, and 3ℏω. The response has been modeled to the third order and combined with energy-resolved measurements. This result opens the possibility to investigate the dynamics at surfaces of liquid solutions and provide information about the electron emission process from a liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Arrell
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, ISIC, Station 6, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Ojeda
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, ISIC, Station 6, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - L Mewes
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, ISIC, Station 6, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - J Grilj
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, ISIC, Station 6, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Frassetto
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - L Poletto
- National Research Council of Italy-Institute of Photonics and Nanotechnologies (CNR-IFN), via Trasea 7, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - F van Mourik
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, ISIC, Station 6, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M Chergui
- Laboratory of Ultrafast Spectroscopy and the Lausanne Centre for Ultrafast Science, ISIC, Station 6, Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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40
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Yu C, Jiang S, Cao X, Yuan G, Wu T, Bai L, Lu R. Interference effects on harmonic generation from H 2 + in nonhomogeneous laser field. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:19736-19745. [PMID: 27557250 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.019736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
By solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation both in simplified one-dimensional coordinate and three-dimensional cylindrical coordinate systems, the high-order harmonic generation from H2 + in spatially symmetric and asymmetric nonhomogeneous laser fields was studied. At large internuclear distances, minima were clearly observed in high energy part of harmonic spectra, which can be attributed to two-center interference in diatomic molecule. Compared with previous studies, the minima in nonhomogeneous laser field are more distinct. Remarkably, the positions of the minima are different in these two types of fields, which demonstrate that interference effects are greatly influenced by laser parameters. Besides, the asymmetric nonhomogeneous field leads to an asymmetric recollision of the ionized electron, and both odd and even order harmonics could be emitted, which is explained in detail based on quantum dynamics calculations.
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41
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Wang X, Xu H, Atia-Tul-Noor A, Hu BT, Kielpinski D, Sang RT, Litvinyuk IV. Isotope Effect in Tunneling Ionization of Neutral Hydrogen Molecules. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:083003. [PMID: 27588855 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.083003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
It has been recently predicted theoretically that due to nuclear motion light and heavy hydrogen molecules exposed to strong electric field should exhibit substantially different tunneling ionization rates [O. I. Tolstikhin, H. J. Worner, and T. Morishita, Phys. Rev. A 87, 041401(R) (2013)]. We studied that isotope effect experimentally by measuring relative ionization yields for each species in a mixed H_{2}/D_{2} gas jet interacting with intense femtosecond laser pulses. In a reaction microscope apparatus, we detected ionic fragments from all contributing channels (single ionization, dissociation, and sequential double ionization) and determined the ratio of total single ionization yields for H_{2} and D_{2}. The measured ratio agrees quantitatively with the prediction of the generalized weak-field asymptotic theory in an apparent failure of the frozen-nuclei approximation.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wang
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - H Xu
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - A Atia-Tul-Noor
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - B T Hu
- School of Nuclear Science & Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - D Kielpinski
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - R T Sang
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Coherent X-Ray Science, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
| | - I V Litvinyuk
- Centre for Quantum Dynamics and Australian Attosecond Science Facility, Griffith University, Nathan, QLD 4111, Australia
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42
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Xia J, Liu X, Zhou W, Wang F, Wu H. Transformation between divacancy defects induced by an energy pulse in graphene. NANOTECHNOLOGY 2016; 27:274004. [PMID: 27243358 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/27/27/274004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The mutual transformations among the four typical divacancy defects induced by a high-energy pulse were studied via molecular dynamics simulation. Our study revealed all six possible mutual transformations and found that defects transformed by absorbing energy to overcome the energy barrier with bonding, debonding, and bond rotations. The reversibility of defect transformations was also investigated by potential energy analysis. The energy difference was found to greatly influence the transformation reversibility. The direct transformation path was irreversible if the energy difference was too large. We also studied the correlation between the transformation probability and the input energy. It was found that the transformation probability had a local maxima at an optimal input energy. The introduction of defects and their structural evolutions are important for tailoring the exceptional properties and thereby performances of graphene-based devices, such as nanoporous membranes for the filtration and desalination of water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Xia
- CAS Key Laboratory of Mechanical Behavior and Design of Materials, Department of Modern Mechanics, CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230027, People's Republic of China
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43
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Kübel M, Siemering R, Burger C, Kling NG, Li H, Alnaser AS, Bergues B, Zherebtsov S, Azzeer AM, Ben-Itzhak I, Moshammer R, de Vivie-Riedle R, Kling MF. Steering Proton Migration in Hydrocarbons Using Intense Few-Cycle Laser Fields. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:193001. [PMID: 27232019 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.193001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Proton migration is a ubiquitous process in chemical reactions related to biology, combustion, and catalysis. Thus, the ability to manipulate the movement of nuclei with tailored light within a hydrocarbon molecule holds promise for far-reaching applications. Here, we demonstrate the steering of hydrogen migration in simple hydrocarbons, namely, acetylene and allene, using waveform-controlled, few-cycle laser pulses. The rearrangement dynamics is monitored using coincident 3D momentum imaging spectroscopy and described with a widely applicable quantum-dynamical model. Our observations reveal that the underlying control mechanism is due to the manipulation of the phases in a vibrational wave packet by the intense off-resonant laser field.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kübel
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - R Siemering
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - C Burger
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - Nora G Kling
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas-State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - H Li
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A S Alnaser
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Physics Department, American University of Sharjah, P.O. Box 26666, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - B Bergues
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - S Zherebtsov
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85748 Garching, Germany
| | - A M Azzeer
- Department of Physics & Astronomy, King-Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - I Ben-Itzhak
- J.R. Macdonald Laboratory, Physics Department, Kansas-State University, Manhattan, Kansas 66506, USA
| | - R Moshammer
- Max Planck Institute of Nuclear Physics, D-69117 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - R de Vivie-Riedle
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-81377 München, Germany
| | - M F Kling
- Department of Physics, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, D-85748 Garching, Germany
- Max Planck Institute of Quantum Optics, D-85748 Garching, Germany
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44
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Zhou Y, Tolstikhin OI, Morishita T. Near-Forward Rescattering Photoelectron Holography in Strong-Field Ionization: Extraction of the Phase of the Scattering Amplitude. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:173001. [PMID: 27176518 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.173001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We revisit the concept of near-forward rescattering strong-field photoelectron holography introduced by Y. Huismans et al. [Science 331, 61 (2011)]. The recently developed adiabatic theory is used to show how the phase of the scattering amplitude for near-forward rescattering of an ionized electron by the parent ion is encoded in and can be read out from the corresponding interference pattern in photoelectron momentum distributions (PEMDs) produced in the ionization of atoms and molecules by intense laser pulses. A procedure to extract the phase is proposed. Its application to PEMDs obtained by solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a model atom yields results in good agreement with scattering calculations. This establishes a novel general approach to extracting structural information from strong-field observables capable of providing time-resolved imaging of ultrafast processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueming Zhou
- School of Physics, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Oleg I Tolstikhin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Toru Morishita
- Department of Engineering Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu-shi, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
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45
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Endo T, Matsuda A, Fushitani M, Yasuike T, Tolstikhin OI, Morishita T, Hishikawa A. Imaging Electronic Excitation of NO by Ultrafast Laser Tunneling Ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 116:163002. [PMID: 27152798 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.116.163002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Tunneling-ionization imaging of photoexcitation of NO has been demonstrated by using few-cycle near-infrared intense laser pulses (8 fs, 800 nm, 1.1×10^{14} W/cm^{2}). The ion image of N^{+} fragment ions produced by dissociative ionization of NO in the ground state, NO (X^{2}Π,2π)→NO^{+}+e^{-}→N^{+}+O+e^{-}, exhibits a characteristic momentum distribution peaked at 45° with respect to the laser polarization direction. On the other hand, a broad distribution centered at ∼0° appears when the A^{2}Σ^{+} (3sσ) excited state is prepared as the initial state by deep-UV photoexcitation. The observed angular distributions are in good agreement with the corresponding theoretical tunneling ionization yields, showing that the fragment anisotropy reflects changes of the highest-occupied molecular orbital by photoexcitation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoyuki Endo
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Akitaka Matsuda
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mizuho Fushitani
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | | | - Oleg I Tolstikhin
- Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology, Dolgoprudny 141700, Russia
| | - Toru Morishita
- Institute for Advanced Science, The University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofu-ga-oka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
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46
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Hassan MT, Luu TT, Moulet A, Raskazovskaya O, Zhokhov P, Garg M, Karpowicz N, Zheltikov AM, Pervak V, Krausz F, Goulielmakis E. Optical attosecond pulses and tracking the nonlinear response of bound electrons. Nature 2016; 530:66-70. [DOI: 10.1038/nature16528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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Mondal T, Varandas AJC. On Extracting Subfemtosecond Data from Femtosecond Quantum Dynamics Calculations: The Methane Cation. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 10:3606-16. [PMID: 26588505 DOI: 10.1021/ct500388k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- T Mondal
- Departamento de Química, and Centro de Química, Universidade de Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal.,Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology & Science , Pilani - K.K. Birla Goa Campus, Goa 403 726, India
| | - A J C Varandas
- Departamento de Química, and Centro de Química, Universidade de Coimbra , 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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48
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Mondal T, Varandas AJC. Structural evolution of the methane cation in subfemtosecond photodynamics. J Chem Phys 2015; 143:014304. [PMID: 26156480 DOI: 10.1063/1.4922906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
An ab initio quantum dynamics study has been performed to explore the structural rearrangement of ground state CH4 (+) in subfemtosecond resolved photodynamics. The method utilizes time-dependent wave-packet propagation on the X˜(2)T2 electronic manifold of the title cation in full dimensionality, including nonadiabatic coupling of the three electronic sheets. Good agreement is obtained with recent experiments [Baker et al., Science 312, 424 (2006)] which use high-order harmonic generation to probe the attosecond proton dynamics. The novel results provide direct theoretical support of the observations while unravelling the underlying details. With the geometrical changes obtained by calculating the expectation values of the nuclear coordinates as a function of time, the structural evolution is predicted to begin through activation of the totally symmetric a1 and doubly degenerate e modes. While the former retains the original Td symmetry of the cation, the Jahn-Teller active e mode conducts it to a D2d structure. At ∼1.85 fs, the intermediate D2d structure is further predicted to rearrange to local C2v minimum geometry via Jahn-Teller active bending vibrations of t2 symmetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mondal
- Department of Chemistry, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani - K. K. Birla Goa Campus, Zuarinagar, Goa 403 726, India
| | - A J C Varandas
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Química, Universidade de Coimbra, 3004-535 Coimbra, Portugal
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49
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Yue L, Madsen LB. Characterization of Molecular Breakup by Very Intense Femtosecond XUV Laser Pulses. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 115:033001. [PMID: 26230785 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.115.033001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We study the breakup of H2+ exposed to superintense, femtosecond laser pulses with frequencies greater than that corresponding to the ionization potential. By solving the time-dependent Schrödinger equation in an extensive field parameter range, it is revealed that highly nonresonant dissociation channels can dominate over ionization. By considering field-dressed Born-Oppenheimer potential energy curves in the reference frame following a free electron in the field, we propose a simple physical model that characterizes this dissociation mechanism. The model is used to predict control of vibrational excitation, magnitude of the dissociation yields, and nuclear kinetic energy release spectra. Finally, the joint energy spectrum for the ionization process illustrates the energy sharing between the electron and the nuclei and the correlation between ionization and dissociation processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lun Yue
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Lars Bojer Madsen
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, DK-8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
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50
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Petersen I, Henkel J, Lein M. Signatures of molecular orbital structure in lateral electron momentum distributions from strong-field ionization. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2015; 114:103004. [PMID: 25815929 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.103004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Strong-field ionization of aligned diatomic and polyatomic molecules such as O2, N2, C2H4, and others in circularly polarized laser fields is investigated theoretically. By calculating the emission-angle-resolved lateral width of the momentum distribution perpendicular to the polarization plane, we show that nodal planes in molecular orbitals are directly imprinted on the angular dependence of the width. We demonstrate that orbital symmetries can be distinguished with the information obtained by observing the lateral width in addition to the angular distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingo Petersen
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Jost Henkel
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
| | - Manfred Lein
- Institut für Theoretische Physik and Centre for Quantum Engineering and Space-Time Research (QUEST), Leibniz Universität Hannover, Appelstraße 2, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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