1
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Chiang HJ, Nishiwaki Y, Chiang WC, Masai I. Male germ cell-associated kinase is required for axoneme formation during ciliogenesis in zebrafish photoreceptors. Dis Model Mech 2024; 17:dmm050618. [PMID: 38813692 PMCID: PMC11273301 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.050618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Vertebrate photoreceptors are highly specialized retinal neurons that have cilium-derived membrane organelles called outer segments, which function as platforms for phototransduction. Male germ cell-associated kinase (MAK) is a cilium-associated serine/threonine kinase, and its genetic mutation causes photoreceptor degeneration in mice and retinitis pigmentosa in humans. However, the role of MAK in photoreceptors is not fully understood. Here, we report that zebrafish mak mutants show rapid photoreceptor degeneration during embryonic development. In mak mutants, both cone and rod photoreceptors completely lacked outer segments and underwent apoptosis. Interestingly, zebrafish mak mutants failed to generate axonemes during photoreceptor ciliogenesis, whereas basal bodies were specified. These data suggest that Mak contributes to axoneme development in zebrafish, in contrast to mouse Mak mutants, which have elongated photoreceptor axonemes. Furthermore, the kinase activity of Mak was found to be critical in ciliary axoneme development and photoreceptor survival. Thus, Mak is required for ciliogenesis and outer segment formation in zebrafish photoreceptors to ensure intracellular protein transport and photoreceptor survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hung-Ju Chiang
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Tancha, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Yuko Nishiwaki
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Tancha, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Wei-Chieh Chiang
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Tancha, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
| | - Ichiro Masai
- Developmental Neurobiology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Tancha, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan
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2
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D’Gama PP, Jeong I, Nygård AM, Trinh AT, Yaksi E, Jurisch-Yaksi N. Ciliogenesis defects after neurulation impact brain development and neuronal activity in larval zebrafish. iScience 2024; 27:110078. [PMID: 38868197 PMCID: PMC11167523 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 05/19/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Cilia are slender, hair-like structures extending from cell surfaces and playing essential roles in diverse physiological processes. Within the nervous system, primary cilia contribute to signaling and sensory perception, while motile cilia facilitate cerebrospinal fluid flow. Here, we investigated the impact of ciliary loss on neural circuit development using a zebrafish line displaying ciliogenesis defects. We found that cilia defects after neurulation affect neurogenesis and brain morphology, especially in the cerebellum, and lead to altered gene expression profiles. Using whole brain calcium imaging, we measured reduced light-evoked and spontaneous neuronal activity in all brain regions. By shedding light on the intricate role of cilia in neural circuit formation and function in the zebrafish, our work highlights their evolutionary conserved role in the brain and sets the stage for future analysis of ciliopathy models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Percival P. D’Gama
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skalgssons gate 1, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Inyoung Jeong
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skalgssons gate 1, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Andreas Moe Nygård
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skalgssons gate 1, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Anh-Tuan Trinh
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Algorithms in the Cortex, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Algorithms in the Cortex, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University School of Medicine, Davutpaşa Caddesi, No:4, Topkapı 34010, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Erling Skalgssons gate 1, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Algorithms in the Cortex, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
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3
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Xie S, Naslavsky N, Caplan S. Emerging insights into CP110 removal during early steps of ciliogenesis. J Cell Sci 2024; 137:jcs261579. [PMID: 38415788 PMCID: PMC10941660 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.261579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium is an antenna-like projection from the plasma membrane that serves as a sensor of the extracellular environment and a crucial signaling hub. Primary cilia are generated in most mammalian cells, and their physiological significance is highlighted by the large number of severe developmental disorders or ciliopathies that occur when primary ciliogenesis is impaired. Primary ciliogenesis is a tightly regulated process, and a central early regulatory step is the removal of a key mother centriole capping protein, CP110 (also known as CCP110). This uncapping allows vesicles docked on the distal appendages of the mother centriole to fuse to form a ciliary vesicle, which is bent into a ciliary sheath as the microtubule-based axoneme grows and extends from the mother centriole. When the mother centriole migrates toward the plasma membrane, the ciliary sheath fuses with the plasma membrane to form the primary cilium. In this Review, we outline key early steps of primary ciliogenesis, focusing on several novel mechanisms for removal of CP110. We also highlight examples of ciliopathies caused by genetic variants that encode key proteins involved in the early steps of ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuwei Xie
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Naava Naslavsky
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| | - Steve Caplan
- Department of Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
- Fred and Pamela Buffett Cancer Center, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
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4
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Tang D, Zheng K, Zhu J, Jin X, Bao H, Jiang L, Li H, Wang Y, Lu Y, Liu J, Liu H, Tang C, Feng S, Dong X, Xu L, Yin Y, Dang S, Wei X, Ren H, Dong B, Dai L, Cheng W, Wan M, Li Z, Chen J, Li H, Kong E, Wang K, Lu K, Qi S. ALS-linked C9orf72-SMCR8 complex is a negative regulator of primary ciliogenesis. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2023; 120:e2220496120. [PMID: 38064514 PMCID: PMC10723147 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2220496120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Massive GGGGCC (G4C2) repeat expansion in C9orf72 and the resulting loss of C9orf72 function are the key features of ~50% of inherited amyotrophic lateral sclerosis and frontotemporal dementia cases. However, the biological function of C9orf72 remains unclear. We previously found that C9orf72 can form a stable GTPase activating protein (GAP) complex with SMCR8 (Smith-Magenis chromosome region 8). Herein, we report that the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex is a major negative regulator of primary ciliogenesis, abnormalities in which lead to ciliopathies. Mechanistically, the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex suppresses the primary cilium as a RAB8A GAP. Moreover, based on biochemical analysis, we found that C9orf72 is the RAB8A binding subunit and that SMCR8 is the GAP subunit in the complex. We further found that the C9orf72-SMCR8 complex suppressed the primary cilium in multiple tissues from mice, including but not limited to the brain, kidney, and spleen. Importantly, cells with C9orf72 or SMCR8 knocked out were more sensitive to hedgehog signaling. These results reveal the unexpected impact of C9orf72 on primary ciliogenesis and elucidate the pathogenesis of diseases caused by the loss of C9orf72 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kaixuan Zheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiangli Zhu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang453000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xi Jin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hui Bao
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lan Jiang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Huihui Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yichang Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Lu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiaming Liu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hang Liu
- Division of Life Science, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou511458, People’s Republic of China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chengbing Tang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shijian Feng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiuju Dong
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Liangting Xu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yike Yin
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shangyu Dang
- Division of Life Science, Center of Systems Biology and Human Health, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, People’s Republic of China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Guangzhou), Guangzhou511458, People’s Republic of China
- HKUST-Shenzhen Research Institute, Nanshan, Shenzhen518057, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haiyan Ren
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Biao Dong
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- Sichuan Real & Best Biotech Co., Ltd., Chengdu610219, People’s Republic of China
| | - Lunzhi Dai
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meihua Wan
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhonghan Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jing Chen
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Hong Li
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Eryan Kong
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang453000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Kefeng Lu
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shiqian Qi
- Department of Urology, Institute of Urology, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, West China Hospital, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, and National Collaborative Innovation Center, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
- National Health Commission Key Lab of Transplant Engineering and Immunology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu610041, People’s Republic of China
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5
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Sourisse JM, Bonzi LC, Semmelhack J, Schunter C. Warming affects routine swimming activity and novel odour response in larval zebrafish. Sci Rep 2023; 13:21075. [PMID: 38030737 PMCID: PMC10687225 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-48287-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Temperature is a primary factor affecting the physiology of ectothermic animals and global warming of water bodies may therefore impact aquatic life. Understanding the effects of near-future predicted temperature changes on the behaviour and underlying molecular mechanisms of aquatic animals is of particular importance, since behaviour mediates survival. In this study, we investigate the effects of developmental temperature on locomotory behaviour and olfactory learning in the zebrafish, Danio rerio. We exposed zebrafish from embryonic stage to either control (28 °C) or elevated temperature (30 °C) for seven days. Overall, warming reduced routine swimming activity and caused upregulation of metabolism and neuron development genes. When exposed to olfactory cues, namely catfish cue, a non-alarming but novel odour, and conspecifics alarming cue, warming differently affected the larvae response to the two cues. An increase in locomotory activity and a large transcriptional reprogramming was observed at elevated temperature in response to novel odour, with upregulation of cell signalling, neuron development and neuron functioning genes. As this response was coupled with the downregulation of genes involved in protein translation and ATP metabolism, novel odour recognition in future-predicted thermal conditions would require energetic trade-offs between expensive baseline processes and responsive functions. To evaluate their learning abilities at both temperatures, larvae were conditioned with a mixture of conspecifics alarm cue and catfish cue. Regardless of temperature, no behavioural nor gene expression changes were detected, reinforcing our findings that warming mainly affects zebrafish molecular response to novel odours. Overall, our results show that future thermal conditions will likely impact developing stages, causing trade-offs following novel olfactory detection in the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jade M Sourisse
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lucrezia C Bonzi
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Julie Semmelhack
- The Division of Life Science, Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Clearwater Bay, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Celia Schunter
- The Swire Institute of Marine Science, School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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6
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Hiyamizu S, Qiu H, Tsurumi Y, Hamada Y, Katoh Y, Nakayama K. Dynein-2-driven intraciliary retrograde trafficking indirectly requires multiple interactions of IFT54 in the IFT-B complex with the dynein-2 complex. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059976. [PMID: 37309605 PMCID: PMC10320715 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Within cilia, the dynein-2 complex needs to be transported as an anterograde cargo to achieve its role as a motor to drive retrograde trafficking of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery containing IFT-A and IFT-B complexes. We previously showed that interactions of WDR60 and the DYNC2H1-DYNC2LI1 dimer of dynein-2 with multiple IFT-B subunits, including IFT54, are required for the trafficking of dynein-2 as an IFT cargo. However, specific deletion of the IFT54-binding site from WDR60 demonstrated only a minor effect on dynein-2 trafficking and function. We here show that the C-terminal coiled-coil region of IFT54, which participates in its interaction with the DYNC2H1-DYNC2LI1 dimer of dynein-2 and with IFT20 of the IFT-B complex, is essential for IFT-B function, and suggest that the IFT54 middle linker region between the N-terminal WDR60-binding region and the C-terminal coiled-coil is required for ciliary retrograde trafficking, probably by mediating the effective binding of IFT-B to the dynein-2 complex, and thereby ensuring dynein-2 loading onto the anterograde IFT trains. The results presented here agree with the notion predicted from the previous structural models that the dynein-2 loading onto the anterograde IFT train relies on intricate, multivalent interactions between the dynein-2 and IFT-B complexes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shunya Hiyamizu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Hantian Qiu
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuta Tsurumi
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Hamada
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Department of Physiological Chemistry, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
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7
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Aljiboury AA, Ingram E, Krishnan N, Ononiwu F, Pal D, Manikas J, Taveras C, Hall NA, Da Silva J, Freshour J, Hehnly H. Rab8, Rab11, and Rab35 coordinate lumen and cilia formation during zebrafish left-right organizer development. PLoS Genet 2023; 19:e1010765. [PMID: 37186603 PMCID: PMC10212091 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Revised: 05/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
An essential process during Danio rerio's left-right organizer (Kupffer's Vesicle, KV) formation is the formation of a motile cilium by developing KV cells which extends into the KV lumen. Beating of motile cilia within the KV lumen directs fluid flow to establish the embryo's left-right axis. However, the timepoint at which KV cells start to form cilia and how cilia formation is coordinated with KV lumen formation have not been examined. We identified that nascent KV cells form cilia at their centrosomes at random intracellular positions that then move towards a forming apical membrane containing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR). Using optogenetic clustering approaches, we found that Rab35 positive membranes recruit Rab11 to modulate CFTR delivery to the apical membrane, which is required for lumen opening, and subsequent cilia extension into the lumen. Once the intracellular cilia reach the CFTR positive apical membrane, Arl13b-positive cilia extend and elongate in a Rab8 dependent manner into the forming lumen once the lumen reaches an area of 300 μm2. These studies demonstrate the need to acutely coordinate Rab8, Rab11, and Rab35-mediated membrane trafficking events to ensure appropriate timing in lumen and cilia formation during KV development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abrar A. Aljiboury
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Eric Ingram
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Nikhila Krishnan
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Favour Ononiwu
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Debadrita Pal
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Julie Manikas
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Christopher Taveras
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Nicole A. Hall
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Jonah Da Silva
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Judy Freshour
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
| | - Heidi Hehnly
- Biology Department, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
- BioInspired Institute, Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York, United States of America
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8
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Zhao H, Khan Z, Westlake CJ. Ciliogenesis membrane dynamics and organization. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2023; 133:20-31. [PMID: 35351373 PMCID: PMC9510604 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2022.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Ciliogenesis is a complex multistep process used to describe assembly of cilia and flagella. These organelles play essential roles in motility and signaling on the surface of cells. Cilia are built at the distal ends of centrioles through the formation of an axoneme that is surrounded by the ciliary membrane. As is the case in the biogenesis of other cellular organelles, regulators of membrane trafficking play essential roles in ciliogenesis, albeit with a unique feature that membranes are organized around microtubule-based structures. Membrane association with the distal end of the centriole is a critical initiating step for ciliogenesis. Studies of this process in different cell types suggests that a singular mechanism may not be utilized to initiate cilium assembly. In this review, we focus on recent insights into cilium biogenesis and the roles membrane trafficking regulators play in described ciliogenesis mechanisms with relevance to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijie Zhao
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Ziam Khan
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Center for Cancer Research, NCI Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental, Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA.
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9
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Wesselman HM, Gatz AE, Wingert RA. Visualizing multiciliated cells in the zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 175:129-161. [PMID: 36967138 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Ciliated cells serve vital functions in the body ranging from mechano- and chemo-sensing to fluid propulsion. Specialized cells with bundles dozens to hundreds of motile cilia known as multiciliated cells (MCCs) are essential as well, where they direct fluid movement in locations such as the respiratory, central nervous and reproductive systems. Intriguingly, the appearance of MCCs has been noted in the kidney in several disease conditions, but knowledge about their contributions to the pathobiology of these states has remained a mystery. As the mechanisms contributing to ciliopathic diseases are not yet fully understood, animal models serve as valuable tools for studying cilia development and how alterations in ciliated cell function impacts disease progression. Like other vertebrates, the zebrafish, Danio rerio, has numerous ciliated tissues. Among these, the embryonic kidney (or pronephros) is comprised of both monociliated cells and MCCs and therefore provides a setting to investigate both ciliated cell fate choice and ciliogenesis. Considering the zebrafish nephron resembles the segmentation and function of human nephrons, the zebrafish provide a tractable model for studying conserved ciliogenesis pathways in vivo. In this chapter, we provide an overview of ciliated cells with a special focus on MCCs, and present a suite of methods that can be used to visualize ciliated cells and their features in the developing zebrafish. Further, these methods enable precise quantification of ciliated cell number and various cilia-related characteristics.
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10
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Petriman NA, Loureiro‐López M, Taschner M, Zacharia NK, Georgieva MM, Boegholm N, Wang J, Mourão A, Russell RB, Andersen JS, Lorentzen E. Biochemically validated structural model of the 15-subunit intraflagellar transport complex IFT-B. EMBO J 2022; 41:e112440. [PMID: 36354106 PMCID: PMC9753473 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2022112440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are ubiquitous eukaryotic organelles impotant for cellular motility, signaling, and sensory reception. Cilium formation requires intraflagellar transport of structural and signaling components and involves 22 different proteins organized into intraflagellar transport (IFT) complexes IFT-A and IFT-B that are transported by molecular motors. The IFT-B complex constitutes the backbone of polymeric IFT trains carrying cargo between the cilium and the cell body. Currently, high-resolution structures are only available for smaller IFT-B subcomplexes leaving > 50% structurally uncharacterized. Here, we used Alphafold to structurally model the 15-subunit IFT-B complex. The model was validated using cross-linking/mass-spectrometry data on reconstituted IFT-B complexes, X-ray scattering in solution, diffraction from crystals as well as site-directed mutagenesis and protein-binding assays. The IFT-B structure reveals an elongated and highly flexible complex consistent with cryo-electron tomographic reconstructions of IFT trains. The IFT-B complex organizes into IFT-B1 and IFT-B2 parts with binding sites for ciliary cargo and the inactive IFT dynein motor, respectively. Interestingly, our results are consistent with two different binding sites for IFT81/74 on IFT88/70/52/46 suggesting the possibility of different structural architectures for the IFT-B1 complex. Our data present a structural framework to understand IFT-B complex assembly, function, and ciliopathy variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Narcis A Petriman
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Marta Loureiro‐López
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark
| | - Michael Taschner
- Department of Fundamental MicrobiologyUniversity of LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Nevin K Zacharia
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | | | - Niels Boegholm
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - Jiaolong Wang
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
| | - André Mourão
- Institute of Structural BiologyHelmholtz Zentrum MünchenNeuherbergGermany
| | | | - Jens S Andersen
- Department for Biochemistry and Molecular BiologyUniversity of Southern DenmarkOdense MDenmark
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and GeneticsAarhus UniversityAarhus CDenmark
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11
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Chrystal PW, Lambacher NJ, Doucette LP, Bellingham J, Schiff ER, Noel NCL, Li C, Tsiropoulou S, Casey GA, Zhai Y, Nadolski NJ, Majumder MH, Tagoe J, D'Esposito F, Cordeiro MF, Downes S, Clayton-Smith J, Ellingford J, Mahroo OA, Hocking JC, Cheetham ME, Webster AR, Jansen G, Blacque OE, Allison WT, Au PYB, MacDonald IM, Arno G, Leroux MR. The inner junction protein CFAP20 functions in motile and non-motile cilia and is critical for vision. Nat Commun 2022; 13:6595. [PMID: 36329026 PMCID: PMC9633640 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-33820-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Motile and non-motile cilia are associated with mutually-exclusive genetic disorders. Motile cilia propel sperm or extracellular fluids, and their dysfunction causes primary ciliary dyskinesia. Non-motile cilia serve as sensory/signalling antennae on most cell types, and their disruption causes single-organ ciliopathies such as retinopathies or multi-system syndromes. CFAP20 is a ciliopathy candidate known to modulate motile cilia in unicellular eukaryotes. We demonstrate that in zebrafish, cfap20 is required for motile cilia function, and in C. elegans, CFAP-20 maintains the structural integrity of non-motile cilia inner junctions, influencing sensory-dependent signalling and development. Human patients and zebrafish with CFAP20 mutations both exhibit retinal dystrophy. Hence, CFAP20 functions within a structural/functional hub centered on the inner junction that is shared between motile and non-motile cilia, and is distinct from other ciliopathy-associated domains or macromolecular complexes. Our findings suggest an uncharacterised pathomechanism for retinal dystrophy, and potentially for motile and non-motile ciliopathies in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul W Chrystal
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Nils J Lambacher
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Lance P Doucette
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Elena R Schiff
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Nicole C L Noel
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Chunmei Li
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada
| | - Sofia Tsiropoulou
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - Geoffrey A Casey
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Yi Zhai
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Nathan J Nadolski
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohammed H Majumder
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Julia Tagoe
- Lethbridge Outreach Genetics Service, Alberta Health Services, Lethbridge, AB, Canada
| | - Fabiana D'Esposito
- Western Eye Hospital, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
- ICORG, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | | | - Susan Downes
- Oxford Eye Hospital, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Jill Clayton-Smith
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, St Mary's Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Health Innovation Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jamie Ellingford
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Division of Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
- Genomics England, London, UK
| | - Omar A Mahroo
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Jennifer C Hocking
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Division of Anatomy, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - Andrew R Webster
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK
| | - Gert Jansen
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Oliver E Blacque
- School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science, Conway Institute, University College Dublin, Belfield, Dublin 4, Ireland
| | - W Ted Allison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Ping Yee Billie Au
- Department of Medical Genetics, Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
| | - Ian M MacDonald
- Department of Medical Genetics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.
| | - Gavin Arno
- UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, London, UK.
- Moorfields Eye Hospital, London, UK.
- North Thames Genomic Laboratory Hub, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK.
| | - Michel R Leroux
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
- Centre for Cell Biology, Development, and Disease, Simon Fraser University, Burnaby, BC, Canada.
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12
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Finetti F, Onnis A, Baldari CT. IFT20: An Eclectic Regulator of Cellular Processes beyond Intraflagellar Transport. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232012147. [PMID: 36292997 PMCID: PMC9603483 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232012147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Initially discovered as the smallest component of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system, the IFT20 protein has been found to be implicated in several unconventional mechanisms beyond its essential role in the assembly and maintenance of the primary cilium. IFT20 is now considered a key player not only in ciliogenesis but also in vesicular trafficking of membrane receptors and signaling proteins. Moreover, its ability to associate with a wide array of interacting partners in a cell-type specific manner has expanded the function of IFT20 to the regulation of intracellular degradative and secretory pathways. In this review, we will present an overview of the multifaceted role of IFT20 in both ciliated and non-ciliated cells.
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13
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Mdm1 ablation results in retinal degeneration by specific intraflagellar transport defects of photoreceptor cells. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:833. [PMID: 36171205 PMCID: PMC9519634 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05237-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
Mouse double minute 1 (Mdm1) might be involved in the function and structure of centrioles and age-related retinal degeneration. However, the mechanism by which Mdm1 deficiency causes retinal degeneration remains unknown. We confirmed that the Mdm1 protein is localized at the connecting cilium (CC) of photoreceptor cells in the retina. The electroretinograms of 6-week-old Mdm1-/- mice revealed decreased vision, which was eventually lost, and outer segment (OS) photoreceptor degeneration was evident on postnatal day 7, with complete loss of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) observed at 35 weeks. Mdm1-/- mouse retinas showed mislocalization of opsins in the photoreceptor cells, indicating particular intraflagellar transport (IFT) defects, and entrapment of the nuclei in the ONL by microvilli of retinal pigment epithelial cells, leading to apoptosis in the ONL. These results suggest that Mdm1 ablation causes specific IFT defects, which prevents the OS from continuously replenishing new discs, resulting in retinal degeneration.
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14
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Schellens RTW, Slijkerman RWN, Hetterschijt L, Peters T, Broekman S, Clemént A, Westerfield M, Phillips JB, Boldt K, Kremer H, De Vrieze E, Van Wijk E. Affinity purification of in vivo assembled whirlin-associated protein complexes from the zebrafish retina. J Proteomics 2022; 266:104666. [PMID: 35788411 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2022.104666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in WHRN lead to Usher syndrome type 2d or to non-syndromic hearing impairment. The WHRN-encoded gene product whirlin directly interacts with the intracellular regions of the other two Usher syndrome type 2-associated proteins, usherin and ADGRV1. In photoreceptor cells, this protein complex constitutes fibrous links between the periciliary membrane and the connecting cilium. However, the molecular mechanism(s) of retinal degeneration due to compromised formation and function of the USH2-associated protein complex remains elusive. To unravel this pathogenic mechanism, we isolated and characterized whirlin-associated protein complexes from zebrafish photoreceptor cells. We generated transgenic zebrafish that express Strep/FLAG-tagged Whrna, a zebrafish ortholog of human whirlin, under the control of a photoreceptor-specific promoter. Affinity purification of Strep/FLAG-tagged Whrna and associated proteins from adult transgenic zebrafish retinas followed by mass spectrometry identified 19 novel candidate associated proteins. Pull down experiments and dedicated yeast two-hybrid assays confirmed the association of Whrna with 7 of the co-purified proteins. Several of the co-purified proteins are part of the synaptic proteome, which indicates a role for whirlin in the photoreceptor synapse. Future studies will elucidate which of the newly identified protein-protein interactions contribute to the development of the retinal phenotype observed in USH2d patients. SIGNIFICANCE: Since protein-protein interactions identified using targeted in vitro studies do not always recapitulate interactions that are functionally relevant in vivo, we established a transgenic zebrafish line that stably expresses a Strep/FLAG-tagged ortholog of human whirlin (SF-Whrna) in photoreceptor cells. Affinity purification of in vivo-assembled SF-Whrna-associated protein complexes from retinal lysates followed by mass spectrometry, identified 19 novel candidate interaction partners, many of which are enriched in the synaptic proteome. Two human orthologs of the identified candidate interaction partners, FRMPD4 and Kir2.3, were validated as direct interaction partners of human whirlin using a yeast two-hybrid assay. The strong connection of whirlin with postsynaptic density proteins was not identified in previous in vitro protein-protein interaction assays, presumably due to the absence of a biologically relevant context. Isolation and identification of in vivo-assembled whirlin-associated protein complexes from the tissue of interest is therefore a powerful methodology to obtain novel insight into tissue specific protein-protein interactions and has the potential to improve significantly our understanding of the function of whirlin and the molecular pathogenesis underlying Usher syndrome type 2.
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Affiliation(s)
- R T W Schellens
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - R W N Slijkerman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - L Hetterschijt
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - T Peters
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - S Broekman
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - A Clemént
- University of Oregon, OR 97403, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America
| | - M Westerfield
- University of Oregon, OR 97403, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America.
| | - J B Phillips
- University of Oregon, OR 97403, Eugene, Oregon, United States of America.
| | - K Boldt
- Institute for Ophthalmic Research, University of Tübingen, D-72076 Tübingen, Germany.
| | - H Kremer
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - E De Vrieze
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
| | - E Van Wijk
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Radboud University Medical Center, 6525GA Nijmegen, the Netherlands; Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, 6500GL Nijmegen, the Netherlands.
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15
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Visualizing multiciliated cells in the zebrafish. Methods Cell Biol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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16
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Zhu P, Xu J, Wang Y, Zhao C. Loss of Ift74 Leads to Slow Photoreceptor Degeneration and Ciliogenesis Defects in Zebrafish. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179329. [PMID: 34502236 PMCID: PMC8431285 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based structures projecting from the cell surface that perform diverse biological functions. Ciliary defects can cause a wide range of genetic disorders known collectively as ciliopathies. Intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins are essential for the assembly and maintenance of cilia by transporting proteins along the axoneme. Here, we report a lack of Ift74, a core IFT-B protein, leading to ciliogenesis defects in multiple organs during early zebrafish development. Unlike rapid photoreceptor cell death in other ift-b mutants, the photoreceptors of ift74 mutants exhibited a slow degeneration process. Further experiments demonstrated that the connecting cilia of ift74 mutants were initially formed but failed to maintain, which resulted in slow opsin transport efficiency and eventually led to photoreceptor cell death. We also showed that the large amount of maternal ift74 transcripts deposited in zebrafish eggs account for the main reason of slow photoreceptor degeneration in the mutants. Together, our data suggested Ift74 is critical for ciliogenesis and that Ift proteins play variable roles in different types of cilia during early zebrafish development. To our knowledge, this is the first study to show ift-b mutant that displays slow photoreceptor degeneration in zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Zhu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (P.Z.); (J.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Jingjin Xu
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (P.Z.); (J.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Yadong Wang
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (P.Z.); (J.X.); (Y.W.)
| | - Chengtian Zhao
- Institute of Evolution & Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China; (P.Z.); (J.X.); (Y.W.)
- Laboratory for Marine Biology and Biotechnology, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao 266003, China
- Sars-Fang Centre, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Marine Genetics and Breeding, College of Marine Life Sciences, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Correspondence:
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17
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Ciliopathy genes are required for apical secretion of Cochlin, an otolith crystallization factor. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2021; 118:2102562118. [PMID: 34244442 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2102562118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report that important regulators of cilia formation and ciliary compartment-directed protein transport function in secretion polarity. Mutations in cilia genes cep290 and bbs2, involved in human ciliopathies, affect apical secretion of Cochlin, a major otolith component and a determinant of calcium carbonate crystallization form. We show that Cochlin, defective in human auditory and vestibular disorder, DFNA9, is secreted from small specialized regions of vestibular system epithelia. Cells of these regions secrete Cochlin both apically into the ear lumen and basally into the basal lamina. Basally secreted Cochlin diffuses along the basal surface of vestibular epithelia, while apically secreted Cochlin is incorporated into the otolith. Mutations in a subset of ciliopathy genes lead to defects in Cochlin apical secretion, causing abnormal otolith crystallization and behavioral defects. This study reveals a class of ciliary proteins that are important for the polarity of secretion and delineate a secretory pathway that regulates biomineralization.
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18
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Łysyganicz PK, Pooranachandran N, Liu X, Adamson KI, Zielonka K, Elworthy S, van Eeden FJ, Grierson AJ, Malicki JJ. Loss of Deacetylation Enzymes Hdac6 and Sirt2 Promotes Acetylation of Cytoplasmic Tubulin, but Suppresses Axonemal Acetylation in Zebrafish Cilia. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:676214. [PMID: 34268305 PMCID: PMC8276265 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.676214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 05/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia are evolutionarily highly conserved organelles with important functions in many organs. The extracellular component of the cilium protruding from the plasma membrane comprises an axoneme composed of microtubule doublets, arranged in a 9 + 0 conformation in primary cilia or 9 + 2 in motile cilia. These microtubules facilitate transport of intraflagellar cargoes along the axoneme. They also provide structural stability to the cilium, which may play an important role in sensory cilia, where signals are received from the movement of extracellular fluid. Post-translational modification of microtubules in cilia is a well-studied phenomenon, and acetylation on lysine 40 (K40) of alpha tubulin is prominent in cilia. It is believed that this modification contributes to the stabilization of cilia. Two classes of enzymes, histone acetyltransferases and histone deacetylases, mediate regulation of tubulin acetylation. Here we use a genetic approach, immunocytochemistry and behavioral tests to investigate the function of tubulin deacetylases in cilia in a zebrafish model. By mutating three histone deacetylase genes (Sirt2, Hdac6, and Hdac10), we identify an unforeseen role for Hdac6 and Sirt2 in cilia. As expected, mutation of these genes leads to increased acetylation of cytoplasmic tubulin, however, surprisingly it caused decreased tubulin acetylation in cilia in the developing eye, ear, brain and kidney. Cilia in the ear and eye showed elevated levels of mono-glycylated tubulin suggesting a compensatory mechanism. These changes did not affect the length or morphology of cilia, however, functional defects in balance was observed, suggesting that the level of tubulin acetylation may affect function of the cilium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł K Łysyganicz
- The Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | | | - Xinming Liu
- The School of Clinical Dentistry, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Kathryn I Adamson
- The Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Katarzyna Zielonka
- The Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Stone Elworthy
- The Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Fredericus J van Eeden
- The Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J Grierson
- The Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Sheffield Institute for Translational Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
| | - Jarema J Malicki
- The Bateson Centre, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom.,Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
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19
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Peralta M, Ortiz Lopez L, Jerabkova K, Lucchesi T, Vitre B, Han D, Guillemot L, Dingare C, Sumara I, Mercader N, Lecaudey V, Delaval B, Meilhac SM, Vermot J. Intraflagellar Transport Complex B Proteins Regulate the Hippo Effector Yap1 during Cardiogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 32:107932. [PMID: 32698004 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.107932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2019] [Revised: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 06/29/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cilia and the intraflagellar transport (IFT) proteins involved in ciliogenesis are associated with congenital heart diseases (CHDs). However, the molecular links between cilia, IFT proteins, and cardiogenesis are yet to be established. Using a combination of biochemistry, genetics, and live-imaging methods, we show that IFT complex B proteins (Ift88, Ift54, and Ift20) modulate the Hippo pathway effector YAP1 in zebrafish and mouse. We demonstrate that this interaction is key to restrict the formation of the proepicardium and the myocardium. In cellulo experiments suggest that IFT88 and IFT20 interact with YAP1 in the cytoplasm and functionally modulate its activity, identifying a molecular link between cilia-related proteins and the Hippo pathway. Taken together, our results highlight a noncanonical role for IFT complex B proteins during cardiogenesis and shed light on a mechanism of action for ciliary proteins in YAP1 regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Peralta
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Laia Ortiz Lopez
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Katerina Jerabkova
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Tommaso Lucchesi
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, Paris, France; INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France
| | - Benjamin Vitre
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Dong Han
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, Paris, France; INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Laurent Guillemot
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, Paris, France; INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Chaitanya Dingare
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Izabela Sumara
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France
| | - Nadia Mercader
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland; Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), Madrid, Spain
| | - Virginie Lecaudey
- Institute for Cell Biology and Neurosciences, Goethe University of Frankfurt, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Benedicte Delaval
- Centre de Recherche en Biologie Cellulaire de Montpellier (CRBM), CNRS, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Sigolène M Meilhac
- Imagine-Institut Pasteur, Laboratory of Heart Morphogenesis, Paris, France; INSERM UMR1163, Université Paris Descartes, Paris, France
| | - Julien Vermot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France; Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U964, Illkirch, France; Université de Strasbourg, Illkirch, France; Sorbonne Université, Collège Doctoral, F-75005, Paris, France; Department of Bioengineering, Imperial College London, London, UK.
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20
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Qiao Y, Wang Z, Bunikyte R, Chen X, Jin S, Qi X, Cai D, Feng S. Cobalt chloride-simulated hypoxia elongates primary cilia in immortalized human retina pigment epithelial-1 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 555:190-195. [PMID: 33823365 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.03.097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Primary cilia are microtubule-based organelles that are involved in sensing micro-environmental cues and regulating cellular homeostasis via triggering signaling cascades. Hypoxia is one of the most common environmental stresses that organ and tissue cells may often encounter during embryogenesis, cell differentiation, infection, inflammation, injury, cerebral and cardiac ischemia, or tumorigenesis. Although hypoxia has been reported to promote or inhibit primary ciliogenesis in different tissues or cultured cell lines, the role of hypoxia in ciliogenesis is controversial and still unclear. Here we investigated the primary cilia change under cobalt chloride (CoCl2)-simulated hypoxia in immortalized human retina pigment epithelial-1 (hTERT RPE-1) cells. We found CoCl2 treatment elongated primary cilia in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The prolonged cilia recovered back to near normal length when CoCl2 was washed out from the cell culture medium. Under CoCl2-simulated hypoxia, the protein expression levels of HIF-1/2α and acetylated-α-tubulin (cilia marker) were increased, while the protein expression level of Rabaptin-5 is decreased during hypoxia. Taken together, our results suggest that hypoxia may elongate primary cilia by downregulating Rabaptin-5 involved endocytosis. The coordination between endocytosis and ciliogenesis may be utilized by cells to adapt to hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Qiao
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Zhengduo Wang
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Raimonda Bunikyte
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Shuang Jin
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Xufeng Qi
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China
| | - Dongqing Cai
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
| | - Shanshan Feng
- Key Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine, Ministry of Education, International Base of Collaboration for Science and Technology (JNU), The Ministry of Science and Technology & Guangdong Province, Department of Developmental and Regenerative Biology, Jinan University, Guangzhou, 510632, China.
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21
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Finetti F, Cassioli C, Cianfanelli V, Zevolini F, Onnis A, Gesualdo M, Brunetti J, Cecconi F, Baldari CT. The Intraflagellar Transport Protein IFT20 Recruits ATG16L1 to Early Endosomes to Promote Autophagosome Formation in T Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:634003. [PMID: 33829015 PMCID: PMC8019791 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.634003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Lymphocyte homeostasis, activation and differentiation crucially rely on basal autophagy. The fine-tuning of this process depends on autophagy-related (ATG) proteins and their interaction with the trafficking machinery that orchestrates the membrane rearrangements leading to autophagosome biogenesis. The underlying mechanisms are as yet not fully understood. The intraflagellar transport (IFT) system, known for its role in cargo transport along the axonemal microtubules of the primary cilium, has emerged as a regulator of autophagy in ciliated cells. Growing evidence indicates that ciliogenesis proteins participate in cilia-independent processes, including autophagy, in the non-ciliated T cell. Here we investigate the mechanism by which IFT20, an integral component of the IFT system, regulates basal T cell autophagy. We show that IFT20 interacts with the core autophagy protein ATG16L1 and that its CC domain is essential for its pro-autophagic activity. We demonstrate that IFT20 is required for the association of ATG16L1 with the Golgi complex and early endosomes, both of which have been identified as membrane sources for phagophore elongation. This involves the ability of IFT20 to interact with proteins that are resident at these subcellular localizations, namely the golgin GMAP210 at the Golgi apparatus and Rab5 at early endosomes. GMAP210 depletion, while leading to a dispersion of ATG16L1 from the Golgi, did not affect basal autophagy. Conversely, IFT20 was found to recruit ATG16L1 to early endosomes tagged for autophagosome formation by the BECLIN 1/VPS34/Rab5 complex, which resulted in the local accumulation of LC3. Hence IFT20 participates in autophagosome biogenesis under basal conditions by regulating the localization of ATG16L1 at early endosomes to promote autophagosome biogenesis. These data identify IFT20 as a new regulator of an early step of basal autophagy in T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chiara Cassioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Valentina Cianfanelli
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy
| | | | - Anna Onnis
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Monica Gesualdo
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Jlenia Brunetti
- Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, Siena, Italy
| | - Francesco Cecconi
- Cell Stress and Survival Unit, Center for Autophagy, Recycling and Disease (CARD), Danish Cancer Society Research Center, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Pediatric Hemato-Oncology and Cell and Gene Therapy, IRCCS Bambino Gesù Children's Hospital, Rome, Italy.,Department of Biology, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy
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22
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The Transition Zone Protein AHI1 Regulates Neuronal Ciliary Trafficking of MCHR1 and Its Downstream Signaling Pathway. J Neurosci 2021; 41:3932-3943. [PMID: 33741721 DOI: 10.1523/jneurosci.2993-20.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 03/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Abelson-helper integration site 1 (AHI1) gene encodes for a ciliary transition zone localizing protein that when mutated causes the human ciliopathy, Joubert syndrome. We prepared and examined neuronal cultures derived from male and female embryonic Ahi1 +/+ and Ahi1 -/- mice (littermates) and found that the distribution of ciliary melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 (MchR1) was significantly reduced in Ahi1 -/- neurons; however, the total and surface expression of MchR1 on Ahi1 -/- neurons was similar to controls (Ahi1 +/+). This indicates that a pathway for MchR1 trafficking to the surface plasma membrane is intact, but the process of targeting MchR1 into cilia is impaired in Ahi1-deficient mouse neurons, indicating a role for Ahi1 in localizing MchR1 to the cilium. Mouse Ahi1 -/- neurons that fail to accumulate MchR1 in the ciliary membrane have significant decreases in two downstream MchR1 signaling pathways [cAMP and extracellular signal-regulated kinase (Erk)] on MCH stimulation. These results suggest that the ciliary localization of MchR1 is necessary and critical for MchR1 signaling, with Ahi1 participating in regulating MchR1 localization to cilia, and further supporting cilia as critical signaling centers in neurons.SIGNIFICANCE STATEMENT Our work here demonstrates that neuronal primary cilia are powerful and focused signaling centers for the G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), melanin-concentrating hormone receptor-1 (MCHR1), with a role for the ciliary transition zone protein, Abelson-helper integration site 1 (AHI1), in mediating ciliary trafficking of MCHR1. Moreover, our manuscript further expands the repertoire of cilia functions on neurons, a cell type that has not received significant attention in the cilia field. Lastly, our work demonstrates the significant influence of ciliary GPCR signaling in the overall signaling of neurons.
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23
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Stypulkowski E, Feng Q, Joseph I, Farrell V, Flores J, Yu S, Sakamori R, Sun J, Bandyopadhyay S, Das S, Dobrowolski R, Bonder EM, Chen MH, Gao N. Rab8 attenuates Wnt signaling and is required for mesenchymal differentiation into adipocytes. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100488. [PMID: 33662399 PMCID: PMC8042397 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Differentiation of mesenchymal stem cells into adipocyte requires coordination of external stimuli and depends upon the functionality of the primary cilium. The Rab8 small GTPases are regulators of intracellular transport of membrane-bound structural and signaling cargo. However, the physiological contribution of the intrinsic trafficking network controlled by Rab8 to mesenchymal tissue differentiation has not been fully defined in vivo and in primary tissue cultures. Here, we show that mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) lacking Rab8 have severely impaired adipocyte differentiation in vivo and ex vivo. Immunofluorescent localization and biochemical analyses of Rab8a-deficient, Rab8b-deficient, and Rab8a and Rab8b double-deficient MEFs revealed that Rab8 controls the Lrp6 vesicular compartment, clearance of basal signalosome, traffic of frizzled two receptor, and thereby a proper attenuation of Wnt signaling in differentiating MEFs. Upon induction of adipogenesis program, Rab8a- and Rab8b-deficient MEFs exhibited severely defective lipid-droplet formation and abnormal cilia morphology, despite overall intact cilia growth and ciliary cargo transport. Our results suggest that intracellular Rab8 traffic regulates induction of adipogenesis via proper positioning of Wnt receptors for signaling control in mesenchymal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewa Stypulkowski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Qiang Feng
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ivor Joseph
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Victoria Farrell
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Juan Flores
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Shiyan Yu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Ryotaro Sakamori
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Jiaxin Sun
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | | | - Soumyashree Das
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Radek Dobrowolski
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Edward M Bonder
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA
| | - Miao-Hsueh Chen
- Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Nutrition Research Center, Houston, Texas, USA.
| | - Nan Gao
- Department of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, New Jersey, USA; Rutgers Cancer Institute of New Jersey, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA.
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24
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Yang H, Zhang F, Long H, Lin Y, Liao J, Xia H, Huang K. IFT20 Mediates the Transport of Cell Migration Regulators From the Trans-Golgi Network to the Plasma Membrane in Breast Cancer Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:632198. [PMID: 33748116 PMCID: PMC7968458 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.632198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
IFT20 is a subunit of the intraflagellar transport (IFT) system essential for the formation and function of cilia. Besides predominant research in the cilia field, some IFT subunits perform extraciliary roles in non-ciliated cancer cells. However, the specific roles of IFT subunits in tumorigenesis remain unknown. Here, we found that knockout of IFT20 in mouse breast cancer cells lacking primary cilia promoted epithelial mesenchymal transitions (EMTs), active lamellipodia formation, and cell migration. IFT20 localized at the trans-Golgi and trans-Golgi network (TGN), and displayed vesicular co-distributions with Rab8a, the marker of TGN-to-plasma membrane vesicular trafficking. Proximity-dependent biotin identification (BioID) and colocalization analyzes showed that Numb and Ctnnal1, whose depletion promoted cell migration, co-localized with IFT20 at the trans-Golgi/TGN or intracellular transport vesicles. Furthermore, Strep-Tactin pulldown assays revealed an interaction between IFT20 and Ctnnal1 or Numb. Loss of IFT20 lowered the expression of actin-associated Tagln2, whose knockdown promoted cell migration. Thus, the extraciliary function of ITF20 in breast cancer cell was associated with the negative regulation of migration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fan Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Huan Long
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Yiwen Lin
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Jiahui Liao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST & KLOBM), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Haibin Xia
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine Ministry of Education (Hubei-MOST & KLOBM), Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Kaiyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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25
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Abstract
Ciliogenesis describes the assembly of cilia in interphase cells. Several hundred proteins have been linked to ciliogenesis, which proceeds through a highly coordinated multistage process at the distal end of centrioles requiring membranes. In this short review, we focus on recently reported insights into the biogenesis of the primary cilium membrane and its association with other ciliogenic processes in the intracellular ciliogenesis pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saurabh Shakya
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
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26
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Zang J, Neuhauss SCF. Biochemistry and physiology of zebrafish photoreceptors. Pflugers Arch 2021; 473:1569-1585. [PMID: 33598728 PMCID: PMC8370914 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-021-02528-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Revised: 01/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
All vertebrates share a canonical retina with light-sensitive photoreceptors in the outer retina. These photoreceptors are of two kinds: rods and cones, adapted to low and bright light conditions, respectively. They both show a peculiar morphology, with long outer segments, comprised of ordered stacks of disc-shaped membranes. These discs host numerous proteins, many of which contribute to the visual transduction cascade. This pathway converts the light stimulus into a biological signal, ultimately modulating synaptic transmission. Recently, the zebrafish (Danio rerio) has gained popularity for studying the function of vertebrate photoreceptors. In this review, we introduce this model system and its contribution to our understanding of photoreception with a focus on the cone visual transduction cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Zang
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrase 190, CH - 8057, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Stephan C F Neuhauss
- Department of Molecular Life Sciences, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrase 190, CH - 8057, Zürich, Switzerland.
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27
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Deretic D, Lorentzen E, Fresquez T. The ins and outs of the Arf4-based ciliary membrane-targeting complex. Small GTPases 2021; 12:1-12. [PMID: 31068062 PMCID: PMC7781591 DOI: 10.1080/21541248.2019.1616355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The small GTPase Arf4-based ciliary membrane-targeting complex recognizes specific targeting signals within sensory receptors and regulates their directed movement to primary cilia. Activated Arf4 directly binds the VxPx ciliary-targeting signal (CTS) of the light-sensing receptor rhodopsin. Recent findings revealed that at the trans-Golgi, marked by the small GTPase Rab6, activated Arf4 forms a functional complex with rhodopsin and the Arf guanine nucleotide exchange factor (GEF) GBF1, providing positive feedback that drives further Arf4 activation in ciliary trafficking. Arf4 function is conserved across diverse cell types; however, it appears that not all its aspects are conserved across species, as mouse Arf4 is a natural mutant in the conserved α3 helix, which is essential for its interaction with rhodopsin. Generally, activated Arf4 regulates the assembly of the targeting nexus containing the Arf GAP ASAP1 and the Rab11a-FIP3-Rabin8 dual effector complex, which controls the assembly of the highly conserved Rab11a-Rabin8-Rab8 ciliary-targeting module. It was recently found that this module interacts with the R-SNARE VAMP7, likely in its activated, c-Src-phosphorylated form. Rab11 and Rab8 bind VAMP7 regulatory longin domain (LD), whereas Rabin8 interacts with the SNARE domain, capturing VAMP7 for delivery to the ciliary base and subsequent pairing with the cognate SNAREs syntaxin 3 and SNAP-25. This review will focus on the implications of these novel findings that further illuminate the role of well-ordered Arf and Rab interaction networks in targeting of sensory receptors to primary cilia. Abbreviations: CTS: Ciliary-Targeting Signal; GAP: GTPase Activating Protein; GEF: Guanine Nucleotide Exchange Factor; RTC(s), Rhodopsin Transport Carrier(s); SNARE: Soluble N-ethylmaleimide-sensitive Factor Attachment Protein Receptor; TGN: Trans-Golgi Network.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dusanka Deretic
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
- Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Esben Lorentzen
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Theresa Fresquez
- Departments of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
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28
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Santhanam A, Shihabeddin E, Atkinson JA, Nguyen D, Lin YP, O’Brien J. A Zebrafish Model of Retinitis Pigmentosa Shows Continuous Degeneration and Regeneration of Rod Photoreceptors. Cells 2020; 9:cells9102242. [PMID: 33036185 PMCID: PMC7599532 DOI: 10.3390/cells9102242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 09/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
More than 1.5 million people suffer from Retinitis Pigmentosa, with many experiencing partial to complete vision loss. Regenerative therapies offer some hope, but their development is challenged by the limited regenerative capacity of mammalian model systems. As a step toward investigating regenerative therapies, we developed a zebrafish model of Retinitis Pigmentosa that displays ongoing regeneration. We used Tol2 transgenesis to express mouse rhodopsin carrying the P23H mutation and an epitope tag in zebrafish rod photoreceptors. Adult and juvenile fish were examined by immunofluorescence, TUNEL and BrdU incorporation assays. P23H transgenic fish expressed the transgene in rods from 3 days post fertilization onward. Rods expressing the mutant rhodopsin formed very small or no outer segments and the mutant protein was delocalized over the entire cell. Adult fish displayed thinning of the outer nuclear layer (ONL) and loss of rod outer segments, but retained a single, sparse row of rods. Adult fish displayed ongoing apoptotic cell death in the ONL and an abundance of proliferating cells, predominantly in the ONL. There was a modest remodeling of bipolar and Müller glial cells. This transgenic fish will provide a useful model system to study rod photoreceptor regeneration and integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abirami Santhanam
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.O.); Tel.: +1-713-500-5995 (A.S.); +1-713-500-5983 (J.O.)
| | - Eyad Shihabeddin
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
- The MD Anderson Cancer Center/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Joshua A. Atkinson
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - Duc Nguyen
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - Ya-Ping Lin
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
| | - John O’Brien
- Ruiz Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, McGovern Medical School, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, TX 77030, USA; (E.S.); (J.A.A.); (D.N.); (Y.-P.L.)
- The MD Anderson Cancer Center/UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Correspondence: (A.S.); (J.O.); Tel.: +1-713-500-5995 (A.S.); +1-713-500-5983 (J.O.)
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29
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Upadhyai P, Guleria VS, Udupa P. Characterization of primary cilia features reveal cell-type specific variability in in vitro models of osteogenic and chondrogenic differentiation. PeerJ 2020; 8:e9799. [PMID: 32884864 PMCID: PMC7444507 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.9799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Primary cilia are non-motile sensory antennae present on most vertebrate cell surfaces. They serve to transduce and integrate diverse external stimuli into functional cellular responses vital for development, differentiation and homeostasis. Ciliary characteristics, such as length, structure and frequency are often tailored to distinct differentiated cell states. Primary cilia are present on a variety of skeletal cell-types and facilitate the assimilation of sensory cues to direct skeletal development and repair. However, there is limited knowledge of ciliary variation in response to the activation of distinct differentiation cascades in different skeletal cell-types. C3H10T1/2, MC3T3-E1 and ATDC5 cells are mesenchymal stem cells, preosteoblast and prechondrocyte cell-lines, respectively. They are commonly employed in numerous in vitro studies, investigating the molecular mechanisms underlying osteoblast and chondrocyte differentiation, skeletal disease and repair. Here we sought to evaluate the primary cilia length and frequencies during osteogenic differentiation in C3H10T1/2 and MC3T3-E1 and chondrogenic differentiation in ATDC5 cells, over a period of 21 days. Our data inform on the presence of stable cilia to orchestrate signaling and dynamic alterations in their features during extended periods of differentiation. Taken together with existing literature these findings reflect the occurrence of not only lineage but cell-type specific variation in ciliary attributes during differentiation. These results extend our current knowledge, shining light on the variabilities in primary cilia features correlated with distinct differentiated cell phenotypes. It may have broader implications in studies using these cell-lines to explore cilia dependent cellular processes and treatment modalities for skeletal disorders centered on cilia modulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priyanka Upadhyai
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishal Singh Guleria
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
| | - Prajna Udupa
- Department of Medical Genetics, Kasturba Medical College, Manipal, Manipal Academy of Higher Education, Manipal, Karnataka, India
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30
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Nakayama K, Katoh Y. Architecture of the IFT ciliary trafficking machinery and interplay between its components. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:179-196. [PMID: 32456460 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1768206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Cilia and flagella serve as cellular antennae and propellers in various eukaryotic cells, and contain specific receptors and ion channels as well as components of axonemal microtubules and molecular motors to achieve their sensory and motile functions. Not only the bidirectional trafficking of specific proteins within cilia but also their selective entry and exit across the ciliary gate is mediated by the intraflagellar transport (IFT) machinery with the aid of motor proteins. The IFT-B complex, which is powered by the kinesin-2 motor, mediates anterograde protein trafficking from the base to the tip of cilia, whereas the IFT-A complex together with the dynein-2 complex mediates retrograde protein trafficking. The BBSome complex connects ciliary membrane proteins to the IFT machinery. Defects in any component of this trafficking machinery lead to abnormal ciliogenesis and ciliary functions, and results in a broad spectrum of disorders, collectively called the ciliopathies. In this review article, we provide an overview of the architectures of the components of the IFT machinery and their functional interplay in ciliary protein trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Nakayama
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yohei Katoh
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan
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31
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Kon T, Omori Y, Fukuta K, Wada H, Watanabe M, Chen Z, Iwasaki M, Mishina T, Matsuzaki SIS, Yoshihara D, Arakawa J, Kawakami K, Toyoda A, Burgess SM, Noguchi H, Furukawa T. The Genetic Basis of Morphological Diversity in Domesticated Goldfish. Curr Biol 2020; 30:2260-2274.e6. [PMID: 32392470 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Although domesticated goldfish strains exhibit highly diversified phenotypes in morphology, the genetic basis underlying these phenotypes is poorly understood. Here, based on analysis of transposable elements in the allotetraploid goldfish genome, we found that its two subgenomes have evolved asymmetrically since a whole-genome duplication event in the ancestor of goldfish and common carp. We conducted whole-genome sequencing of 27 domesticated goldfish strains and wild goldfish. We identified more than 60 million genetic variations and established a population genetic structure of major goldfish strains. Genome-wide association studies and analysis of strain-specific variants revealed genetic loci associated with several goldfish phenotypes, including dorsal fin loss, long-tail, telescope-eye, albinism, and heart-shaped tail. Our results suggest that accumulated mutations in the asymmetrically evolved subgenomes led to generation of diverse phenotypes in the goldfish domestication history. This study is a key resource for understanding the genetic basis of phenotypic diversity among goldfish strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tetsuo Kon
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Omori
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Kentaro Fukuta
- Center for Genome Informatics, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Hironori Wada
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masakatsu Watanabe
- Laboratory of Pattern Formation, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 1-3 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka
| | - Zelin Chen
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Miki Iwasaki
- College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, Kitasato University, Sagamihara, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Tappei Mishina
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | | | - Daiki Yoshihara
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Jumpei Arakawa
- Yatomi Station, Aichi Fisheries Research Institute, Yatomi, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koichi Kawakami
- Laboratory of Molecular and Developmental Biology, National Institute of Genetics, and Department of Genetics, The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), Mishima, Japan
| | - Atsushi Toyoda
- Comparative Genomics Laboratory, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Shawn M Burgess
- Translational and Functional Genomics Branch, National Human Genome Research Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Hideki Noguchi
- Center for Genome Informatics, Joint Support-Center for Data Science Research, Research Organization of Information and Systems, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan; Advanced Genomics Center, National Institute of Genetics, Yata 1111, Mishima, Shizuoka 411-8540, Japan
| | - Takahisa Furukawa
- Laboratory for Molecular and Developmental Biology, Institute for Protein Research, Osaka University, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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32
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Maharjan Y, Lee JN, Kwak SA, Dutta RK, Park C, Choe SK, Park R. TMEM135 regulates primary ciliogenesis through modulation of intracellular cholesterol distribution. EMBO Rep 2020; 21:e48901. [PMID: 32157776 PMCID: PMC7202201 DOI: 10.15252/embr.201948901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2019] [Revised: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Recent evidence has linked the lysosomal cholesterol accumulation in Niemann–Pick type C1 with anomalies associated with primary ciliogenesis. Here, we report that perturbed intracellular cholesterol distribution imposed by lysosomal cholesterol accumulation during TMEM135 depletion is closely associated with impaired ciliogenesis. TMEM135 depletion does not affect the formation of the basal body and the ciliary transition zone. TMEM135 depletion severely blunts Rab8 trafficking to the centrioles without affecting the centriolar localization of Rab11 and Rabin8, the upstream regulators of Rab8 activation. Although TMEM135 depletion prevents enhanced IFT20 localization at the centrioles, ciliary vesicle formation is not affected. Furthermore, enhanced IFT20 localization at the centrioles is dependent on Rab8 activation. Supplementation of cholesterol in complex with cyclodextrin rescues Rab8 trafficking to the centrioles and Rab8 activation, thereby recovering primary ciliogenesis in TMEM135‐depleted cells. Taken together, our data suggest that TMEM135 depletion prevents ciliary vesicle elongation, a characteristic of impaired Rab8 function. Our study thus reveals a previously uncharacterized effect of erroneous intracellular cholesterol distribution on impairing Rab8 function and primary ciliogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunash Maharjan
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Joon No Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong Ae Kwak
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Raghbendra Kumar Dutta
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Channy Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology and Center for Metabolic Function Regulation, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan, Korea
| | - Raekil Park
- Department of Biomedical Science & Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science & Technology, Gwangju, Korea
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33
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Yang H, Huang K. Dissecting the Vesicular Trafficking Function of IFT Subunits. Front Cell Dev Biol 2020; 7:352. [PMID: 32010685 PMCID: PMC6974671 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2019.00352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Intraflagellar transport (IFT) was initially identified as a transport machine with multiple protein subunits, and it is essential for the assembly, disassembly, and maintenance of cilium/flagellum, which serves as the nexus of extracellular-to-intracellular signal integration. To date, in addition to its well-established and indispensable roles in ciliated cells, most IFT subunits have presented more general functions of vesicular trafficking in the non-ciliated cells. Thus, this review aims to summarize the recent progress on the vesicular trafficking functions of the IFT subunits and to highlight the issues that may arise in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China.,Institute of Hydrobiology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Kaiyao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
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34
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Thouvenin O, Keiser L, Cantaut-Belarif Y, Carbo-Tano M, Verweij F, Jurisch-Yaksi N, Bardet PL, van Niel G, Gallaire F, Wyart C. Origin and role of the cerebrospinal fluid bidirectional flow in the central canal. eLife 2020; 9:e47699. [PMID: 31916933 PMCID: PMC6989091 DOI: 10.7554/elife.47699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) contributes to body axis formation and brain development. Here, we investigated the unexplained origins of the CSF flow bidirectionality in the central canal of the spinal cord of 30 hpf zebrafish embryos and its impact on development. Experiments combined with modeling and simulations demonstrate that the CSF flow is generated locally by caudally-polarized motile cilia along the ventral wall of the central canal. The closed geometry of the canal imposes the average flow rate to be null, explaining the reported bidirectionality. We also demonstrate that at this early stage, motile cilia ensure the proper formation of the central canal. Furthermore, we demonstrate that the bidirectional flow accelerates the transport of particles in the CSF via a coupled convective-diffusive transport process. Our study demonstrates that cilia activity combined with muscle contractions sustain the long-range transport of extracellular lipidic particles, enabling embryonic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Thouvenin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
- ESPCI Paris, PSL University, CNRS, Institut LangevinParisFrance
| | - Ludovic Keiser
- Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and InstabilitiesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Yasmine Cantaut-Belarif
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Martin Carbo-Tano
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Frederik Verweij
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Hôpital Saint-Anne, Université Descartes, INSERM U1266ParisFrance
| | - Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience, Centre for Neural Computation, The Faculty of MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, The Faculty of MedicineNorwegian University of Science and TechnologyTrondheimNorway
| | - Pierre-Luc Bardet
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
| | - Guillaume van Niel
- Institute of Psychiatry and Neuroscience of Paris, Hôpital Saint-Anne, Université Descartes, INSERM U1266ParisFrance
| | - Francois Gallaire
- Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics and InstabilitiesÉcole Polytechnique Fédérale de LausanneLausanneSwitzerland
| | - Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle épinière (ICM), Sorbonne Universités, UPMC Univ Paris 06, Inserm, CNRS, AP-HP, Hôpital Pitié-SalpêtrièreParisFrance
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35
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A high throughput zebrafish chemical screen reveals ALK5 and non-canonical androgen signalling as modulators of the pkd2 -/- phenotype. Sci Rep 2020; 10:72. [PMID: 31919453 PMCID: PMC6952374 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56995-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/17/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD) is the most common monogenic cause of end-stage renal failure in humans and results from germline mutations in PKD1 or PKD2. Despite the recent approval of tolvaptan, safer and more effective alternative drugs are clearly needed to slow disease progression. As a first step in drug discovery, we conducted an unbiased chemical screen on zebrafish pkd2 mutant embryos using two publicly available compound libraries (Spectrum, PKIS) totalling 2,367 compounds to identify novel treatments for ADPKD. Using dorsal tail curvature as the assay readout, three major chemical classes (steroids, coumarins, flavonoids) were identified from the Spectrum library as the most promising candidates to be tested on human PKD1 cystic cells. Amongst these were an androgen, 5α−androstane 3,17-dione, detected as the strongest enhancer of the pkd2 phenotype but whose effect was found to be independent of the canonical androgen receptor pathway. From the PKIS library, we identified several ALK5 kinase inhibitors as strong suppressors of the pkd2 tail phenotype and in vitro cyst expansion. In summary, our results identify ALK5 and non-canonical androgen receptors as potential therapeutic targets for further evaluation in drug development for ADPKD.
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36
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Jung E, Choi TI, Lee JE, Kim CH, Kim J. ESCRT subunit CHMP4B localizes to primary cilia and is required for the structural integrity of the ciliary membrane. FASEB J 2019; 34:1331-1344. [PMID: 31914703 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901778r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 11/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Proteins specialized in the detection, generation, or stabilization of membrane curvature play important roles in establishing various morphologies of cells and cellular organelles. Primary cilia are cellular organelles that protrude from the cell surface using a microtubule-based cytoskeleton called the axoneme as a structural support. It is unclear whether the integrity of the high curvature of the ciliary membrane depends on membrane curvature-related proteins. Charged Multivesicular Body Protein 4B (CHMP4B), a subunit of the endosomal sorting complexes required for transport (ESCRT), can stabilize membrane curvature. Here we show that CHMP4B is involved in the assembly and maintenance of primary cilia. CHMP4B was localized to primary cilia in mammalian cells. Knockdown of CHMP4B interfered with cilium assembly and also caused fragmentation of preexisting cilia. By contrast, cilium formation was unaffected by the interruption of the ESCRT-dependent endocytic degradation pathway. Morpholino (MO)-mediated CHMP4B depletion in zebrafish embryos induced characteristic phenotypes of ciliary defects such as curved body axis, hydrocephalus, otolith malformation, and kidney cyst. Our study reveals a new role for the multifunctional protein CHMP4B as a key factor in maintaining the structural integrity of primary cilia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunji Jung
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Tae-Ik Choi
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Ji-Eun Lee
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, Samsung Advanced Institute for Health Sciences & Technology (SAIHST), Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cheol-Hee Kim
- Department of Biology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Korea
| | - Joon Kim
- Biomedical Science and Engineering Interdisciplinary Program, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea.,Graduate School of Medical Science and Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, Korea
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37
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Wang G, Hu HB, Chang Y, Huang Y, Song ZQ, Zhou SB, Chen L, Zhang YC, Wu M, Tu HQ, Yuan JF, Wang N, Pan X, Li AL, Zhou T, Zhang XM, He K, Li HY. Rab7 regulates primary cilia disassembly through cilia excision. J Cell Biol 2019; 218:4030-4041. [PMID: 31619485 PMCID: PMC6891077 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201811136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 07/07/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Wang et al. identify Rab7 as a novel regulator of primary cilia disassembly. Their findings demonstrate that Rab7 localization to primary cilia is required for intraciliary F-actin polymerization, which is indispensable for the regulation of cilia ectocytosis and disassembly. The primary cilium is a sensory organelle that protrudes from the cell surface. Primary cilia undergo dynamic transitions between assembly and disassembly to exert their function in cell signaling. In this study, we identify the small GTPase Rab7 as a novel regulator of cilia disassembly. Depletion of Rab7 potently induced spontaneous ciliogenesis in proliferating cells and promoted cilia elongation during quiescence. Moreover, Rab7 performs an essential role in cilia disassembly; knockdown of Rab7 blocked serum-induced ciliary resorption, and active Rab7 was required for this process. Further, we demonstrate that Rab7 depletion significantly suppresses cilia tip excision, referred to as cilia ectocytosis, which has been identified as required for cilia disassembly. Mechanically, the failure of F-actin polymerization at the site of excision of cilia tips caused suppression of cilia ectocytosis on Rab7 depletion. Overall, our results suggest a novel function for Rab7 in regulating cilia ectocytosis and cilia disassembly via control of intraciliary F-actin polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China.,Cancer Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai, China
| | - Huai-Bin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China.,Beijing Key Laboratory for Pediatric Diseases of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, MOE Key Laboratory of Major Diseases in Children, Beijing Pediatric Research Institute, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University, National Center for Children's Health, Beijing, China
| | - Yan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Zeng-Qing Song
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Shi-Bo Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Liang Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Yu-Cheng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Min Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Hai-Qing Tu
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Jin-Feng Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Na Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xin Pan
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Ai-Ling Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Tao Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Xue-Min Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Kun He
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China
| | - Hui-Yan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Proteomics, National Center of Biomedical Analysis, Beijing, China .,Cancer Research Institute of Jilin University, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin, China
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38
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Hashimoto Y, Greco TM, Cristea IM. Contribution of Mass Spectrometry-Based Proteomics to Discoveries in Developmental Biology. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1140:143-154. [PMID: 31347046 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-15950-4_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Understanding multicellular organism development from a molecular perspective is no small feat, yet this level of comprehension affords clinician-scientists the ability to identify root causes and mechanisms of congenital diseases. Inarguably, the maturation of molecular biology tools has significantly contributed to the identification of genetic loci that underlie normal and aberrant developmental programs. In combination with cell biology approaches, these tools have begun to elucidate the spatiotemporal expression and function of developmentally-regulated proteins. The emergence of quantitative mass spectrometry (MS) for biological applications has accelerated the pace at which these proteins can be functionally characterized, driving the construction of an increasingly detailed systems biology picture of developmental processes. Here, we review the quantitative MS-based proteomic technologies that have contributed significantly to understanding the role of proteome regulation in developmental processes. We provide a brief overview of these methodologies, focusing on their ability to provide precise and accurate proteome measurements. We then highlight the use of discovery-based and targeted mass spectrometry approaches in model systems to study cellular differentiation states, tissue phenotypes, and spatiotemporal subcellular organization. We also discuss the current application and future perspectives of MS proteomics to study PTM coordination and the role of protein complexes during development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yutaka Hashimoto
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Todd M Greco
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Ileana M Cristea
- Department of Molecular Biology, Lewis Thomas Laboratory, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA.
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39
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Cassioli C, Baldari CT. A Ciliary View of the Immunological Synapse. Cells 2019; 8:E789. [PMID: 31362462 PMCID: PMC6721628 DOI: 10.3390/cells8080789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Revised: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 07/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The primary cilium has gone from being a vestigial organelle to a crucial signaling hub of growing interest given the association between a group of human disorders, collectively known as ciliopathies, and defects in its structure or function. In recent years many ciliogenesis proteins have been observed at extraciliary sites in cells and likely perform cilium-independent functions ranging from regulation of the cytoskeleton to vesicular trafficking. Perhaps the most striking example is the non-ciliated T lymphocyte, in which components of the ciliary machinery are repurposed for the assembly and function of the immunological synapse even in the absence of a primary cilium. Furthermore, the specialization traits described at the immunological synapse are similar to those seen in the primary cilium. Here, we review common regulators and features shared by the immunological synapse and the primary cilium that document the remarkable homology between these structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Cassioli
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Cosima T Baldari
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy.
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40
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Abstract
Rods and cones are retinal photoreceptor neurons required for our visual sensation. Because of their highly polarized structures and well-characterized processes of G protein-coupled receptor-mediated phototransduction signaling, these photoreceptors have been excellent models for studying the compartmentalization and sorting of proteins. Rods and cones have a modified ciliary compartment called the outer segment (OS) as well as non-OS compartments. The distinct membrane protein compositions between OS and non-OS compartments suggest that the OS is separated from the rest of the cellular compartments by multiple barriers or gates that are selectively permissive to specific cargoes. This review discusses the mechanisms of protein sorting and compartmentalization in photoreceptor neurons. Proper sorting and compartmentalization of membrane proteins are required for signal transduction and transmission. This review also discusses the roles of compartmentalized signaling, which is compromised in various retinal ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshikazu Imanishi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, Ohio 44106, USA;
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41
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Elworthy S, Savage AM, Wilkinson RN, Malicki JJ, Chico TJA. The role of endothelial cilia in postembryonic vascular development. Dev Dyn 2019; 248:410-425. [PMID: 30980582 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2018] [Revised: 03/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cilia are essential for morphogenesis and maintenance of many tissues. Loss-of-function of cilia in early Zebrafish development causes a range of vascular defects, including cerebral hemorrhage and reduced arterial vascular mural cell coverage. In contrast, loss of endothelial cilia in mice has little effect on vascular development. We therefore used a conditional rescue approach to induce endothelial cilia ablation after early embryonic development and examined the effect on vascular development and mural cell development in postembryonic, juvenile, and adult Zebrafish. RESULTS ift54(elipsa)-mutant Zebrafish are unable to form cilia. We rescued cilia formation and ameliorated the phenotype of ift54 mutants using a novel Tg(ubi:loxP-ift54-loxP-myr-mcherry,myl7:EGFP)sh488 transgene expressing wild-type ift54 flanked by recombinase sites, then used a Tg(kdrl:cre)s898 transgene to induce endothelial-specific inactivation of ift54 at postembryonic ages. Fish without endothelial ift54 function could survive to adulthood and exhibited no vascular defects. Endothelial inactivation of ift54 did not affect development of tagln-positive vascular mural cells around either the aorta or the caudal fin vessels, or formation of vessels after tail fin resection in adult animals. CONCLUSIONS Endothelial cilia are not essential for development and remodeling of the vasculature in juvenile and adult Zebrafish when inactivated after embryogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stone Elworthy
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Aaron M Savage
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Robert N Wilkinson
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Jarema J Malicki
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Biomedical Science, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - Timothy J A Chico
- The Bateson Centre & Department of Infection, Immunity & Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield Medical School, Sheffield, UK
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42
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Johnson CA. Obituary: Jarema Malicki (1965-2019). Development 2019. [DOI: 10.1242/dev.176677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT
Jarema Malicki, a pioneer in developmental studies of the vertebrate retina, died on 4th January 2019, shortly after being diagnosed with cancer. Here, I reflect on Jarema's life and work, with a particular focus on his research interests in zebrafish as a model organism for vertebrate retinogenesis and human ciliopathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Colin A. Johnson
- Leeds Institute of Medical Research, The University of Leeds, Wellcome Trust Brenner Building, Beckett Street, Leeds LS9 7TF, UK
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43
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Insinna C, Lu Q, Teixeira I, Harned A, Semler EM, Stauffer J, Magidson V, Tiwari A, Kenworthy AK, Narayan K, Westlake CJ. Investigation of F-BAR domain PACSIN proteins uncovers membrane tubulation function in cilia assembly and transport. Nat Commun 2019; 10:428. [PMID: 30683896 PMCID: PMC6347608 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08192-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/20/2018] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
The intracellular ciliogenesis pathway requires membrane trafficking, fusion, and reorganization. Here, we demonstrate in human cells and zebrafish that the F-BAR domain containing proteins PACSIN1 and -2 play an essential role in ciliogenesis, similar to their binding partner and membrane reorganizer EHD1. In mature cilia, PACSINs and EHDs are dynamically localized to the ciliary pocket membrane (CPM) and transported away from this structure on membrane tubules along with proteins that exit the cilium. PACSINs function early in ciliogenesis at the ciliary vesicle (CV) stage to promote mother centriole to basal body transition. Remarkably, we show that PACSIN1 and EHD1 assemble membrane t7ubules from the developing intracellular cilium that attach to the plasma membrane, creating an extracellular membrane channel (EMC) to the outside of the cell. Together, our work uncovers a function for F-BAR proteins and membrane tubulation in ciliogenesis and explains how the intracellular cilium emerges from the cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Insinna
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Quanlong Lu
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Isabella Teixeira
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Adam Harned
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Elizabeth M Semler
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Jim Stauffer
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Valentin Magidson
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Ajit Tiwari
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Anne K Kenworthy
- Department of Molecular Physiology and Biophysics, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, 37232, USA
| | - Kedar Narayan
- Center for Molecular Microscopy, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21701, USA
- Cancer Research Technology Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA
| | - Christopher J Westlake
- Laboratory of Cellular and Developmental Signaling, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD, 21702, USA.
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Olstad EW, Ringers C, Hansen JN, Wens A, Brandt C, Wachten D, Yaksi E, Jurisch-Yaksi N. Ciliary Beating Compartmentalizes Cerebrospinal Fluid Flow in the Brain and Regulates Ventricular Development. Curr Biol 2019; 29:229-241.e6. [PMID: 30612902 PMCID: PMC6345627 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Motile cilia are miniature, propeller-like extensions, emanating from many cell types across the body. Their coordinated beating generates a directional fluid flow, which is essential for various biological processes, from respiration to reproduction. In the nervous system, ependymal cells extend their motile cilia into the brain ventricles and contribute to cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow. Although motile cilia are not the only contributors to CSF flow, their functioning is crucial, as patients with motile cilia defects develop clinical features, like hydrocephalus and scoliosis. CSF flow was suggested to primarily deliver nutrients and remove waste, but recent studies emphasized its role in brain development and function. Nevertheless, it remains poorly understood how ciliary beating generates and organizes CSF flow to fulfill these roles. Here, we study motile cilia and CSF flow in the brain ventricles of larval zebrafish. We identified that different populations of motile ciliated cells are spatially organized and generate a directional CSF flow powered by ciliary beating. Our investigations revealed that CSF flow is confined within individual ventricular cavities, with little exchange of fluid between ventricles, despite a pulsatile CSF displacement caused by the heartbeat. Interestingly, our results showed that the ventricular boundaries supporting this compartmentalized CSF flow are abolished during bodily movement, highlighting that multiple physiological processes regulate the hydrodynamics of CSF flow. Finally, we showed that perturbing cilia reduces hydrodynamic coupling between the brain ventricles and disrupts ventricular development. We propose that motile-cilia-generated flow is crucial in regulating the distribution of CSF within and across brain ventricles. Spatially organized motile cilia with rotational beats create directional CSF flow Ciliary beating, heartbeat, and locomotion generate distinct components of CSF flow Joint action of these components balances CSF compartmentalization and dispersion Disruption of ciliary beating leads to ventricular defects during brain development
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie W Olstad
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Christa Ringers
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Jan N Hansen
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway; Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Biophysical Imaging, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Adinda Wens
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Cecilia Brandt
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway
| | - Dagmar Wachten
- Institute of Innate Immunity, Department of Biophysical Imaging, University Hospital, University of Bonn, Sigmund-Freud-Str. 25, 53127 Bonn, Germany
| | - Emre Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Edvard Griegs Gate 8, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
| | - Nathalie Jurisch-Yaksi
- Kavli Institute for Systems Neuroscience and Centre for Neural Computation, The Faculty of Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Olav Kyrres Gate 9, 7030 Trondheim, Norway; Department of Neurology and Clinical Neurophysiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Edvard Griegs Gate 8, 7030 Trondheim, Norway.
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45
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Kandachar V, Tam BM, Moritz OL, Deretic D. An interaction network between the SNARE VAMP7 and Rab GTPases within a ciliary membrane-targeting complex. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.222034. [PMID: 30404838 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.222034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2018] [Accepted: 10/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The Arf4-rhodopsin complex (mediated by the VxPx motif in rhodopsin) initiates expansion of vertebrate rod photoreceptor cilia-derived light-sensing organelles through stepwise assembly of a conserved trafficking network. Here, we examine its role in the sorting of VAMP7 (also known as TI-VAMP) - an R-SNARE possessing a regulatory longin domain (LD) - into rhodopsin transport carriers (RTCs). During RTC formation and trafficking, VAMP7 colocalizes with the ciliary cargo rhodopsin and interacts with the Rab11-Rabin8-Rab8 trafficking module. Rab11 and Rab8 bind the VAMP7 LD, whereas Rabin8 (also known as RAB3IP) interacts with the SNARE domain. The Arf/Rab11 effector FIP3 (also known as RAB11FIP3) regulates VAMP7 access to Rab11. At the ciliary base, VAMP7 forms a complex with the cognate SNAREs syntaxin 3 and SNAP-25. When expressed in transgenic animals, a GFP-VAMP7ΔLD fusion protein and a Y45E phosphomimetic mutant colocalize with endogenous VAMP7. The GFP-VAMP7-R150E mutant displays considerable localization defects that imply an important role of the R-SNARE motif in intracellular trafficking, rather than cognate SNARE pairing. Our study defines the link between VAMP7 and the ciliary targeting nexus that is conserved across diverse cell types, and contributes to general understanding of how functional Arf and Rab networks assemble SNAREs in membrane trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasundhara Kandachar
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
| | - Beatrice M Tam
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Orson L Moritz
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 3N9, Canada
| | - Dusanka Deretic
- Department of Surgery, Division of Ophthalmology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA .,Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA
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Pkd2l1 is required for mechanoception in cerebrospinal fluid-contacting neurons and maintenance of spine curvature. Nat Commun 2018; 9:3804. [PMID: 30228263 PMCID: PMC6143598 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-06225-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Accepted: 08/20/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Defects in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow may contribute to idiopathic scoliosis. However, the mechanisms underlying detection of CSF flow in the central canal of the spinal cord are unknown. Here we demonstrate that CSF flows bidirectionally along the antero-posterior axis in the central canal of zebrafish embryos. In the cfap298tm304 mutant, reduction of cilia motility slows transport posteriorly down the central canal and abolishes spontaneous activity of CSF-contacting neurons (CSF-cNs). Loss of the sensory Pkd2l1 channel nearly abolishes CSF-cN calcium activity and single channel opening. Recording from isolated CSF-cNs in vitro, we show that CSF-cNs are mechanosensory and require Pkd2l1 to respond to pressure. Additionally, adult pkd2l1 mutant zebrafish develop an exaggerated spine curvature, reminiscent of kyphosis in humans. These results indicate that CSF-cNs are mechanosensory cells whose Pkd2l1-driven spontaneous activity reflects CSF flow in vivo. Furthermore, Pkd2l1 in CSF-cNs contributes to maintenance of natural curvature of the spine. Alteration of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow and cilia defects are clinically associated with idiopathic scoliosis. This study shows that transient receptor potential channel Pkd2l1 is required for mechanosensory function of neurons detecting CSF flow and normal spine curvature development in zebrafish.
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47
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Mapping Cellular Polarity Networks Using Mass Spectrometry-based Strategies. J Mol Biol 2018; 430:3545-3564. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2018.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2018] [Revised: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Cantaut-Belarif Y, Sternberg JR, Thouvenin O, Wyart C, Bardet PL. The Reissner Fiber in the Cerebrospinal Fluid Controls Morphogenesis of the Body Axis. Curr Biol 2018; 28:2479-2486.e4. [PMID: 30057305 PMCID: PMC6089837 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.05.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/25/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Organ development depends on the integration of coordinated long-range communication between cells. The cerebrospinal fluid composition and flow properties regulate several aspects of central nervous system development, including progenitor proliferation, neurogenesis, and migration [1-3]. One understudied component of the cerebrospinal fluid, described over a century ago in vertebrates, is the Reissner fiber. This extracellular thread forming early in development results from the assembly of the SCO-spondin protein in the third and fourth brain ventricles and central canal of the spinal cord [4]. Up to now, the function of the Reissner fiber has remained elusive, partly due to the lack of genetic invalidation models [4]. Here, by mutating the scospondin gene, we demonstrate that the Reissner fiber is critical for the morphogenesis of a straight posterior body axis. In zebrafish mutants where the Reissner fiber is lost, ciliogenesis and cerebrospinal fluid flow are intact but body axis morphogenesis is impaired. Our results also explain the frequently observed phenotype that mutant embryos with defective cilia exhibit defects in body axis curvature. Here, we reveal that these mutants systematically fail to assemble the Reissner fiber. We show that cilia promote the formation of the Reissner fiber and that the fiber is necessary for proper body axis morphogenesis. Our study sets the stage for future investigations of the mechanisms linking the Reissner fiber to the control of body axis curvature during vertebrate development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine Cantaut-Belarif
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Jenna R Sternberg
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France
| | - Olivier Thouvenin
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France; Institut Langevin ESPCI, PSL Research University, CNRS UMR 7587, 1 Rue Jussieu, 75005 Paris, France
| | - Claire Wyart
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France.
| | - Pierre-Luc Bardet
- Institut du Cerveau et de la Moelle Épinière (ICM), Inserm U 1127, CNRS UMR 7225, Sorbonne Université, 75013 Paris, France.
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Song P, Perkins BD. Developmental expression of the zebrafish Arf-like small GTPase paralogs arl13a and arl13b. Gene Expr Patterns 2018; 29:82-87. [PMID: 30009987 DOI: 10.1016/j.gep.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 07/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Members of the Arf-like (Arl) family of small GTP-binding proteins regulate a number of cellular functions and play important roles in cilia structure and signaling. The small GTPase Arl13a is a close paralog to Arl13b, a small GTPase required for normal cilia formation that causes Joubert Syndrome when mutated. As mutation of arl13b causes a slow retinal degeneration in zebrafish (Song et al., 2016), we hypothesized that expression of arl13a may provide functional redundancy. We determined the expression domains of arl13a and arl13b during zebrafish development and examined subcellular localization by expression of fluorescence fusion proteins. Both genes are widely expressed during early cell division and gastrulation and Arl13a and Arl13b both localize to microtubules in ciliated and dividing cells of the early zebrafish embryo. Between 2 and 5 days post fertilization (dpf), arl13b is expressed in neural tissues while expression of arl13a is downregulated by 2 dpf and restricted to craniofacial structures. These results indicate that arl13a and arl13b have evolved different roles and that arl13a does not function in the zebrafish retina.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Song
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA
| | - Brian D Perkins
- Department of Ophthalmic Research, Cole Eye Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, 44195, USA.
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50
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Abstract
Cilia are microtubule-based organelles extending from a basal body at the surface of eukaryotic cells. Cilia regulate cell and fluid motility, sensation and developmental signaling, and ciliary defects cause human diseases (ciliopathies) affecting the formation and function of many tissues and organs. Over the past decade, various Rab and Rab-like membrane trafficking proteins have been shown to regulate cilia-related processes such as basal body maturation, ciliary axoneme extension, intraflagellar transport and ciliary signaling. In this review, we provide a comprehensive overview of Rab protein ciliary associations, drawing on findings from multiple model systems, including mammalian cell culture, mice, zebrafish, C. elegans, trypanosomes, and green algae. We also discuss several emerging mechanistic themes related to ciliary Rab cascades and functional redundancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver E Blacque
- a School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Noemie Scheidel
- a School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin , Ireland
| | - Stefanie Kuhns
- a School of Biomolecular and Biomedical Science , University College Dublin , Belfield, Dublin , Ireland
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