1
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Li X, Che Y, Chen L, Liu T, Wang K, Liu L, Yang H, Pyzer-Knapp EO, Cooper AI. Sequential closed-loop Bayesian optimization as a guide for organic molecular metallophotocatalyst formulation discovery. Nat Chem 2024:10.1038/s41557-024-01546-5. [PMID: 38862641 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-024-01546-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/13/2024]
Abstract
Conjugated organic photoredox catalysts (OPCs) can promote a wide range of chemical transformations. It is challenging to predict the catalytic activities of OPCs from first principles, either by expert knowledge or by using a priori calculations, as catalyst activity depends on a complex range of interrelated properties. Organic photocatalysts and other catalyst systems have often been discovered by a mixture of design and trial and error. Here we report a two-step data-driven approach to the targeted synthesis of OPCs and the subsequent reaction optimization for metallophotocatalysis, demonstrated for decarboxylative sp3-sp2 cross-coupling of amino acids with aryl halides. Our approach uses a Bayesian optimization strategy coupled with encoding of key physical properties using molecular descriptors to identify promising OPCs from a virtual library of 560 candidate molecules. This led to OPC formulations that are competitive with iridium catalysts by exploring just 2.4% of the available catalyst formulation space (107 of 4,500 possible reaction conditions).
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaobo Li
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis Materials, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Reactive Chemistry on Solid Surfaces, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, China.
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
| | - Yu Che
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Linjiang Chen
- School of Chemistry and School of Computer Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
| | - Tao Liu
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Kewei Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, China
| | - Lunjie Liu
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Haofan Yang
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | | | - Andrew I Cooper
- Materials Innovation Factory and Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
- Leverhulme Research Centre for Functional Materials Design, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK.
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2
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Pfund B, Gejsnæs-Schaad D, Lazarevski B, Wenger OS. Picosecond reactions of excited radical ion super-reductants. Nat Commun 2024; 15:4738. [PMID: 38834625 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-49006-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/06/2024] Open
Abstract
Classical photochemistry requires nanosecond excited-state lifetimes for diffusion-controlled reactions. Excited radicals with picosecond lifetimes have been implied by numerous photoredox studies, and controversy has arisen as to whether they can actually be catalytically active. We provide direct evidence for the elusive pre-association between radical ions and substrate molecules, enabling photoinduced electron transfer beyond the diffusion limit. A strategy based on two distinct light absorbers, mimicking the natural photosystems I and II, is used to generate excited radicals, unleashing extreme reduction power and activating C(sp2)-Cl and C(sp2)-F bonds. Our findings provide a long-sought mechanistic understanding for many previous synthetically-oriented works and permit more rational future photoredox reaction development. The newly developed excitation strategy pushes the current limits of reactions based on multi-photon excitation and very short-lived but highly redox active species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Björn Pfund
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruno Lazarevski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Oliver S Wenger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
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3
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Patra S, Nandasana BN, Valsamidou V, Katayev D. Mechanochemistry Drives Alkene Difunctionalization via Radical Ligand Transfer and Electron Catalysis. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402970. [PMID: 38829256 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2024] [Revised: 05/08/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
A general and modular protocol is reported for olefin difunctionalization through mechanochemistry, facilitated by cooperative radical ligand transfer (RLT) and electron catalysis. Utilizing mechanochemical force and catalytic amounts of 2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidinyloxyl (TEMPO), ferric nitrate can leverage nitryl radicals, transfer nitrooxy-functional group via RLT, and mediate an electron catalysis cycle under room temperature. A diverse range of activated and unactivated alkenes exhibited chemo- and regioselective 1,2-nitronitrooxylation under solvent-free or solvent-less conditions, showcasing excellent functional group tolerance. Mechanistic studies indicated a significant impact of mechanochemistry and highlighted the radical nature of this nitrative difunctionalization process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subrata Patra
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Bhargav N Nandasana
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Vasiliki Valsamidou
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
| | - Dmitry Katayev
- Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry, and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Bern, Freiestrasse 3, Bern, 3012, Switzerland
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4
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Zheng Y, Dong QX, Wen SY, Ran H, Huang HM. Di-π-ethane Rearrangement of Cyano Groups via Energy-Transfer Catalysis. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38788197 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c04370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2024]
Abstract
Molecular rearrangement occupies a pivotal position among fundamental transformations in synthetic chemistry. Radical translocation has emerged as a prevalent synthetic tool, efficiently facilitating the migration of diverse functional groups. In contrast, the development of di-π-methane rearrangement remains limited, particularly in terms of the translocation of cyano functional groups. This is primarily attributed to the energetically unfavorable three-membered-ring transition state. Herein, we introduce an unprecedented di-π-ethane rearrangement enabled by energy-transfer catalysis under visible light conditions. This innovative open-shell rearrangement boasts broad tolerance toward a range of functional groups, encompassing even complex drug and natural product derivatives. Overall, the reported di-π-ethane rearrangement represents a complementary strategy to the development of radical translocation enabled by energy-transfer catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Zheng
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Qi-Xin Dong
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Shu-Ya Wen
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Ran
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
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5
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Song J, Hou N, Liu X, Bi G, Wang Y, Mu Y. Directional Formation of Reactive Oxygen Species Via a Non-Redox Catalysis Strategy That Bypasses Electron Transfer Process. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024:e2405832. [PMID: 38759109 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202405832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
A broad range of chemical transformations driven by catalytic processes necessitates the electron transfer between catalyst and substrate. The redox cycle limitation arising from the inequivalent electron donation and acceptance of the involved catalysts, however, generally leads to their deactivation, causing substantial economic losses and environmental risks. Here, a "non-redox catalysis" strategy is provided, wherein the catalytic units are constructed by atomic Fe and B as dual active sites to create tensile force and electric field, which allows directional self-decomposition of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) molecules through internal electron transfer to form singlet oxygen, bypassing the need of electron transfer between catalyst and PMS. The proposed catalytic approach with non-redox cycling of catalyst contributes to excellent stability of the active centers while the generated reactive oxygen species find high efficiency in long-term catalytic pollutant degradation and selective organic oxidation synthesis in aqueous phase. This work offers a new avenue for directional substrate conversion, which holds promise to advance the design of alternative catalytic pathways for sustainable energy conversion and valuable chemical production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junsheng Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nannan Hou
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Xiaocheng Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Guangyu Bi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
| | - Yang Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
- Department of Colloid Chemistry, Max Planck Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Yang Mu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Urban Pollutant Conversion, Department of Environmental Science and Engineering, University of Science & Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, P. R. China
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6
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Lu YN, Che C, Zhen G, Chang X, Dong XQ, Wang CJ. Visible-light-enabled stereoselective synthesis of functionalized cyclohexylamine derivatives via [4 + 2] cycloadditions. Chem Sci 2024; 15:6507-6514. [PMID: 38699278 PMCID: PMC11062095 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00667d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024] Open
Abstract
An unprecedented intermolecular [4 + 2] cycloaddition of benzocyclobutylamines with α-substituted vinylketones, enabled by photoredox catalysis, has been developed. The current method enables facile access to highly functionalized cyclohexylamine derivatives that were otherwise inaccessible, in moderate to good yields with excellent diastereoselectivities. This protocol has some excellent features, such as full atom economy, good functional-group compatibility, mild reaction conditions, and an overall redox-neutral process. Additionally, an asymmetric version of this cycloaddition was preliminarily investigated via the incorporation of a chiral phosphoric acid (CPA), and moderate to good enantioselectivity could be effectively realized with excellent diastereoselectivity. Synthetic applications were demonstrated via a scale-up experiment and elaborations to access amino alcohol and cyclobutene derivatives. Based on the results of control experiments, a reasonable reaction mechanism was proposed to elucidate the reaction pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Nan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Chao Che
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Guangjin Zhen
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xin Chang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Xiu-Qin Dong
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Engineering Research Center of Organosilicon Compounds & Materials, Ministry of Education, Wuhan University Wuhan Hubei 430072 China
- State Key Laboratory of Organometallic Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry Shanghai 230021 China
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7
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Banjare SK, Lezius L, Horst ES, Leifert D, Daniliuc CG, Alasmary FA, Studer A. Thermal and Photoinduced Radical Cascade Annulation using Aryl Isonitriles: An Approach to Quinoline-Derived Benzophosphole Oxides. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024:e202404275. [PMID: 38687058 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202404275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we present a radical cascade addition cyclization sequence to access quinoline-based benzophosphole oxides from ortho-alkynylated aromatic phosphine oxides using various aryl isonitriles as radical acceptors and inexpensive tert-butyl-hydroperoxide (TBHP) as a terminal oxidant in the presence of a catalytic amount of silver acetate. Alternatively, the same cascade can be realized through a sustainable photochemical approach utilizing 1,2,3,5-tetrakis(carbazol-9-yl)-4,6-dicyanobenzene (4CzIPN) as an organic photocatalyst at room temperature. The introduced modular approach shows broad functional group tolerance and offers straightforward access to complex P,N-containing polyheterocyclic arenes. These novel π-extended benzophosphole oxides exhibit interesting photophysical and electrochemical properties such as absorption in the visible region, emission and reversible reduction at low potentials, which makes them promising for potential materials science applications. The photophysical properties can further be tuned by the addition of external Lewis and Brønsted acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kumar Banjare
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Chemistry Department, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Lena Lezius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Chemistry Department, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Elena S Horst
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Chemistry Department, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Chemistry Department, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Chemistry Department, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
| | - Fatmah A Alasmary
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Chemistry Department, University of Münster, 48149, Münster, Germany
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8
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Wang X, Zhang L, Wu J, Xue M, Gu Q, Qi J, Kang F, He Q, Zhong X, Zhang Q. Constructing N-Containing Poly(p-Phenylene) (PPP) Films Through A Cathodic-Dehalogenation Polymerization Method. SMALL METHODS 2024:e2400185. [PMID: 38616739 DOI: 10.1002/smtd.202400185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Developing the films of N-containing unsubstituted poly(p-phenylene) (PPP) films for diverse applications is significant and highly desirable because the replacement of sp2 C atoms with sp2 N atoms will bring novel properties to the as-prepared polymers. In this research, an electrochemical-dehalogenation polymerization strategy is employed to construct two N-containing PPP films under constant potentials, where 2,5-diiodopyridine (DIPy) and 2,5-dibromopyrazine (DBPz) are used as starting agents. The corresponding polymers are named CityU-23 (for polypyridine) and CityU-24 (for polypyrazine). Moreover, it is found that both polymers can form films in situ on different conductive substrates (i.e., silicon, gold, ITO, and nickel), satisfying potential device fabrication. Furthermore, the as-obtained thin films of CityU-23 and CityU-24 exhibit good performance of alkaline hydrogen evolution reaction with the overpotential of 212.8 and 180.7 mV and the Tafel slope of 157.0 and 122.4 mV dec-1, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Wang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Jinghang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Miaomiao Xue
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qianfeng Gu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Junlei Qi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Fangyuan Kang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Qiyuan He
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoyan Zhong
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- City University of Hong Kong Matter Science Research Institute (Futian, Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518048, P. R. China
- Nanomanufacturing Laboratory (NML), City University of Hong Kong Shenzhen Research Institute, Shenzhen, 518057, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Hong Kong Institute for Clean Energy (HKICE), City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, P. R. China
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9
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Lin Y, Li J, Liang X, Hu T, Huang Z, Zhu Z, Diao M, Zhao X, Peng Z, Wang Y, Chen Q, Liu J, Wu K. Steering Electron-Induced Surface Reaction via a Molecular Assembly Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:10150-10158. [PMID: 38557061 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Electrons not only serve as a "reactant" in redox reactions but also play a role in "catalyzing" some chemical processes. Despite the significance and ubiquitousness of electron-induced chemistry, many related scientific issues still await further exploration, among which is the impact of molecular assembly. In this work, microscopic insights into the vital role of molecular assembly in tweaking the electron-induced surface chemistry are unfolded by combined scanning tunneling microscopy and density functional theory studies. It is shown that the selective dissociation of a C-Cl bond in 4,4″-dichloro-1,1':3',1''-terphenyl (DCTP) on Cu(111) can be efficiently triggered by an electron injection via the STM tip into the unoccupied molecular orbital. The DCTP molecules are embedded in different assembly structures, including its self-assembly and coassemblies with Br adatoms. The energy threshold for the C-Cl bond cleavage increases as more Br adatoms stay close to the molecule, indicative of the sensitive response of the electron-induced surface reactivity of the C-Cl bond to the subtle change in the molecular assembly. Such a phenomenon is rationalized by the energy shift of the involved unoccupied molecular orbital of DCTP that is embedded in different assemblies. These findings shed new light on the tuning effect of molecular assembly on electron-induced reactions and introduce an efficient approach to precisely steer surface chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxuan Lin
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jie Li
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xiaoyang Liang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Ting Hu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhichao Huang
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhen Zhu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengxiao Diao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Xinwei Zhao
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhantao Peng
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yongfeng Wang
- Center for Carbon-based Electronics and Key Laboratory for the Physics and Chemistry of Nanodevices, School of Electronics, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Qiwei Chen
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Jing Liu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Kai Wu
- BNLMS, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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10
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P MA, Chakravarthy A S J, Ila H. Synthesis of 3,5-Disubstituted-1,2,4-thiadiazoles via NaH-DMF-Promoted Dehydrogenative Intramolecular N-S Bond Formation. J Org Chem 2024; 89:4453-4460. [PMID: 38530202 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c02591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
A facile transition-metal-free synthesis of 3,5-bis(het)aryl/arylaminothiadiazoles has been reported. The overall protocol involves base-mediated tandem thioacylation of amidines with dithioesters or aryl isothiocyanates in DMF solvent and subsequent in situ intramolecular dehydrogenative N-S bond formation of thioacylamidine intermediates under an inert atmosphere. A probable mechanism involving a carbamoyl anion, generated by deprotonation of DMF, acting as a radical initiator has been suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mary Antony P
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Jeevan Chakravarthy A S
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
| | - Hiriyakkanavar Ila
- New Chemistry Unit, Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research, Jakkur, Bangalore 560064, India
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11
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Zhang J, Zhu W, Chen Z, Zhang Q, Guo C. Dual-Catalyzed Stereodivergent Electrooxidative Homocoupling of Benzoxazolyl Acetate. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:1522-1531. [PMID: 38166394 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c11429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
The development of a reliable strategy for stereodivergent radical reactions that allows convenient access to all stereoisomers of homocoupling adducts with multiple stereogenic centers remains an unmet goal in organic synthesis. Herein, we describe a dual-catalyzed electrooxidative C(sp3)-H/C(sp3)-H homocoupling with complete absolute and relative stereocontrol for the synthesis of molecules with contiguous quaternary stereocenters in a general and predictable manner. The stereodivergent electrooxidative homocoupling reaction is achieved by synergistically utilizing two distinct chiral catalysts that convert identical racemic substrates into inherently distinctive reactive chiral intermediates, dictate enantioselective radical addition, and allow access to the full complement of stereoisomeric products via simple catalyst permutation. The successful execution of the dual-electrocatalytic strategy programmed via electrooxidative activation provides a significant conceptual advantage and will serve as a useful foundation for further research into cooperative stereocontrolled radical transformations and diversity-oriented synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Wangjie Zhu
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Ziting Chen
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Qinglin Zhang
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
| | - Chang Guo
- Hefei National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, China
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12
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Deng X, Zheng C, Li Y, Zhou Z, Wang J, Ran Y, Hu Z, Yang F, Li L. Conductive catalysis by subsurface transition metals. Natl Sci Rev 2024; 11:nwae015. [PMID: 38328681 PMCID: PMC10849361 DOI: 10.1093/nsr/nwae015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2023] [Revised: 09/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
The nature of catalysis has been hotly pursued for over a century, and current research is focused on understanding active centers and their electronic structures. Herein, the concept of conductive catalysis is proposed and verified by theoretical simulations and experimental observations. Metallic systems containing buried catalytically active transitional metals and exposed catalytically inert main group metals are constructed, and the electronic interaction between them via metallic bonding is disclosed. Through the electronic interaction, the catalytic properties of subsurface transitional metals (Pd or Rh) can be transferred to outermost main group metals (Al or Mg) for several important transformations like semi-hydrogenation, Suzuki-coupling and hydroformylation. The catalytic force is conductive, in analogy with the magnetic force and electrostatic force. The traditional definition of active centers is challenged by the concept of conductive catalysis and the electronic nature of catalysis is more easily understood. It might provide new opportunities for shielding traditional active centers against poisoning or leaching and allow for precise regulation of their catalytic properties by the conductive layer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Deng
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Caiyan Zheng
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Yangsheng Li
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zeyu Zhou
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Jiamin Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Yihua Ran
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhenpeng Hu
- School of Physics, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
| | - Fan Yang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Landong Li
- Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, College of Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Sustainable Chemical Transformations, Tianjin 300192, China
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13
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Gupta A, Laha JK. Growing Utilization of Radical Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300207. [PMID: 37565381 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Our current unhealthy lifestyle and the exponential surge in the population getting affected by a variety of diseases have made pharmaceuticals or drugs an imperative part of life, making the development of innovative strategies for drug discovery or the introduction of refined, cost-effective and modern technologies for the synthesis of clinically used drugs, a need of the hour. Ever since their discovery, free radicals and radical cations or anions as reactive intermediates have captivated the chemists, resulting in an exceptional utilization of these moieties throughout the field of chemical synthesis, owing to their unprecedented and widespread reactivity. Sticking with the idea of not judging the book by its cover, despite the conventional thought process of radicals being unstable and difficult to control entities, scientists and academicians around the globe have done an appreciable amount of work utilizing both persistent as well as transient radicals for a variety of organic transformations, exemplifying them with the synthesis of significant biologically active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review truly accounts for the organic radical transformations including radical addition, radical cascade cyclization, radical/radical cross-coupling, coupling with metal-complexes and radical cations coupling with nucleophiles, that offers fascinating and unconventional approaches towards the construction of intricate structural frameworks of marketed APIs with high atom- and step-economy; complementing the otherwise employed traditional methods. This tutorial review presents a comprehensive package of diverse methods utilized for radical generation, featuring their reactivity to form critical bonds in pharmaceutical total synthesis or in building key starting materials or intermediates of their synthetic journey, acknowledging their excellence, downsides and underlying mechanisms, which are otherwise poorly highlighted in the literature. Despite great achievements over the past few decades in this area, many challenges and obstacles are yet to be unraveled to shorten the distance between the academics and the industry, which are all discussed in summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
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14
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Zhu Y, Wu Z, Sun H, Ding J. Photo-Induced, Phenylhydrazine-Promoted Transition-Metal-Free Dehalogenation of Aryl Fluorides, Chlorides, Bromides, and Iodides. Molecules 2023; 28:6915. [PMID: 37836758 PMCID: PMC10574415 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28196915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we present a straightforward and highly effective photo-triggered hydrogenation method for aryl halides, devoid of transition-metal catalysts. Through the synergistic utilization of light, PhNHNH2, and a base, we have successfully initiated the desired radical-mediated hydrogenation process. Remarkably, utilizing mild reaction conditions, a wide range of aryl halides, including fluorides, chlorides, bromides, and iodides, can be selectively transformed into their corresponding (hetero)arene counterparts, with exceptional yields. Additionally, this approach demonstrates a remarkable compatibility with diverse functional groups and heterocyclic compounds, highlighting its versatility and potential for use in various chemical transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiwei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Anhui Polytechnic University, Wuhu 241000, China (J.D.)
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15
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Punia B, Chaudhury S, Kolomeisky A. How Heterogeneity Affects Cooperative Communications within Single Nanocatalysts. J Phys Chem Lett 2023; 14:8227-8234. [PMID: 37672790 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.3c01874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Catalysis remains one of the most essential methods in chemical research and industry. Recent experiments have discovered an unusual phenomenon of catalytic cooperativity, when a reaction at one active site can stimulate reactions at neighboring sites within single nanoparticles. While theoretical analysis established that the transport of charged holes is responsible for this phenomenon, it does not account for inhomogeneity in the structural and dynamic properties of single nanocatalysts. Here, we investigate the effect of heterogeneity on catalytic communications by extending a discrete-state stochastic framework to random distributions of the transition rates. Our explicit calculations of spatial and temporal properties of heterogeneous systems in comparison with homogeneous systems predict that the strength of cooperativity increases, while the communication lifetimes and distances decrease. Monte Carlo computer simulations support theoretical calculations, and microscopic arguments to explain these observations are also presented. Our theoretical analysis clarifies some important aspects of molecular mechanisms of catalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhawakshi Punia
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Srabanti Chaudhury
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Dr. Homi Bhabha Road, Pune 411008, Maharashtra, India
| | - Anatoly Kolomeisky
- Department of Chemistry, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Department of Physics and Astronomy, and Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, Rice University, 6100 Main Street, Houston, Texas 77005, United States
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16
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Chabuka BK, Alabugin IV. Hole Catalysis of Cycloaddition Reactions: How to Activate and Control Oxidant Upconversion in Radical-Cationic Diels-Alder Reactions. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19354-19367. [PMID: 37625247 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/27/2023]
Abstract
In order to use holes as catalysts, the oxidized product should be able to transfer the hole to a fresh reactant. For that, the hole-catalyzed reaction must increase the oxidation potential along the reaction path, i.e., lead to "hole upconversion." If this thermodynamic requirement is satisfied, a hole injected via one-electron oxidation can persist through multiple propagation cycles and serve as a true catalyst. This work provides guidelines for the rational design of hole-catalyzed Diels-Alder (DA) reactions, the prototypical cycloaddition. After revealing the crucial role of hyperconjugation in the absence of hole upconversion in the parent DA reaction, we show how upconversion can be reactivated by proper substitution. For this purpose, we computationally evaluate the contrasting effects of substituents at the three possible positions in the two reactants. The occurrence and magnitude of hole upconversion depend strongly on the placement and nature of substituents. For example, donors at C1 in 1,3-butadiene shift the reaction to the hole-upconverted regime with an increased oxidation potential of up to 1.0 V. In contrast, hole upconversion in C2-substituted 1,3-butadienes is activated by acceptors with the oxidation potential increase up to 0.54 V. Dienophile substitution results in complex trends because the radical cation can be formed at either the dienophile or the diene. Hole upconversion is always present in the former scenario (up to 0.65 V). Finally, we report interesting stereoelectronic effects that can activate or deactivate upconversion via a conformational change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beauty K Chabuka
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
| | - Igor V Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, United States
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17
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Banjare SK, Leifert D, Weidlich F, Daniliuc CG, Alasmary FA, Studer A. Access to Polyheterocyclic Compounds through Iron(II)-Mediated Radical Cascade Cyclization Utilizing 2-Ethynylbenzaldehydes and Aryl Isonitriles. Org Lett 2023; 25:6424-6428. [PMID: 37610878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c02448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
An oxidative radical cascade addition cyclization approach for the synthesis of quinoline-based π-extended polyheterocyclic compounds is reported. Eco-friendly iron catalysis and inexpensive tert-butylhydroperoxide (TBHP) as the oxidant have been utilized in the transformation of various readily available ortho-alkynylated aromatic aldehydes as radical precursors with aryl isonitriles as radical acceptors. Indole and thiophene-based carbaldehydes allow the preparation of quinolines that are π-conjugated with an additional heteroarene moiety in a single sequence by applying the introduced method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shyam Kumar Banjare
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Dirk Leifert
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Frauke Weidlich
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Constantin G Daniliuc
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Fatmah A Alasmary
- Chemistry Department College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Armido Studer
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Corrensstraße 40, 48149 Münster, Germany
- Chemistry Department College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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18
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Fan Z, Liu WR, Sun L, Nishio A, Szczęsny R, Lin YG, Okada S, Gregory DH. Carbon-Free Conversion of SiO 2 to Si via Ultra-Rapid Alloy Formation: Toward the Sustainable Fabrication of Nanoporous Si for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 37466273 PMCID: PMC10401573 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c02197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/20/2023]
Abstract
Silicon has the potential to improve lithium-ion battery (LIB) performance substantially by replacing graphite as an anode. The sustainability of such a transformation, however, depends on the source of silicon and the nature of the manufacturing process. Today's silicon industry still overwhelmingly depends on the energy-intensive, high-temperature carbothermal reduction of silica─a process that adversely impacts the environment. Rather than use conventional thermoreduction alone to break Si-O bonds, we report the efficient conversion of SiO2 directly to Mg2Si by a microwave-induced Mg plasma within 2.5 min at merely 200 W under vacuum. The underlying mechanism is proposed, wherein electrons with enhanced kinetics function readily as the reductant while the "bombardment" from Mg cations and electrons promotes the fast nucleation of Mg2Si. The 3D nanoporous (NP) Si is then fabricated by a facile thermal dealloying step. The resulting hierarchical NP Si anodes deliver stable, extended cycling with excellent rate capability in Li-ion half-cells, with capacities several times greater than graphite. The microwave-induced metal plasma (MIMP) concept can be applied just as efficiently to the synthesis of Mg2Si from Si, and the chemistry should be extendable to the reduction of multiple metal(loid) oxides via their respective Mg alloys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Fan
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Wei-Ren Liu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Chung Yuan Christian University, R&D Center for Membrane Technology, Research Center for Circular Economy, No. 200, Chun Pei Rd., Chung Li Dist., Taoyuan 32023, Taiwan
| | - Lin Sun
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - Akira Nishio
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Robert Szczęsny
- Faculty of Chemistry, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń, ul. Gagarina 7, 87-100 Toruń, Poland
| | - Yan-Gu Lin
- Research Division, National Synchrotron Radiation Research Center, Hsinchu 30076, Taiwan
| | - Shigeto Okada
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 6-1, Kasuga-koen, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Duncan H Gregory
- WestCHEM, School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
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19
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Ding R, Li L, Yu YT, Zhang B, Wang PL. Photoredox-Catalyzed Synthesis of 3-Sulfonylated Pyrrolin-2-ones via a Regioselective Tandem Sulfonylation Cyclization of 1,5-Dienes. Molecules 2023; 28:5473. [PMID: 37513345 PMCID: PMC10386375 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
A mild, visible-light-induced, regioselective cascade sulfonylation-cyclization of 1,5-dienes with sulfonyl chlorides through the intermolecular radical addition/cyclization of alkenes C(sp2)-H was developed. This procedure proceeds well and affords a mild and efficient route to a range of monosulfonylated pyrrolin-2-ones at room temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Ding
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China
| | - Liang Li
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China
| | - Ya-Ting Yu
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China
| | - Bing Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Anhui Science and Technology University, Bengbu 233100, China
| | - Pei-Long Wang
- Key Laboratory of Green and Precise Synthetic Chemistry and Applications, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
- Information College, Huaibei Normal University, Huaibei 235000, China
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20
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Barth AT, Fajardo J, Sattler W, Winkler JR, Gray HB. Electronic Structures and Photoredox Chemistry of Tungsten(0) Arylisocyanides. Acc Chem Res 2023. [PMID: 37384787 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
ConspectusThe high energy barriers associated with the reaction chemistry of inert substrates can be overcome by employing redox-active photocatalysts. Research in this area has grown exponentially over the past decade, as transition metal photosensitizers have been shown to mediate challenging organic transformations. Critical for the advancement of photoredox catalysis is the discovery, development, and study of complexes based on earth-abundant metals that can replace and/or complement established noble-metal-based photosensitizers.Recent work has focused on redox-active complexes of 3d metals, as photosensitizers containing these metals most likely would be scalable. Although low lying spin doublet ("spin flip") excited states of chromium(III) and metal-to-ligand charge transfer (MLCT) excited states of copper(I) have relatively long lifetimes, the electronic excited states of many other 3d metal complexes fall on dissociative potential energy surfaces, owing to the population of highly energetic σ-antibonding orbitals. Indeed, we and other investigators have shown that low lying spin singlet and triplet excited states of robust closed-shell metal complexes are too short-lived at room temperature to engage in bimolecular reactions in solutions. In principle, this problem could be overcome by designing and constructing 3d metal complexes containing strong field π-acceptor ligands, where thermally equilibrated MLCT or intraligand charge transfer excited states might fall well below the upper surfaces of dissociative 3d-3d states. Notably, such design elements have been exploited by investigators in very recent work on redox-active iron(II) systems. Another approach, one we have actively pursued, is to design and construct closed-shell complexes of earth-abundant 5d metals containing very strong π-acceptor ligands, where vertical excitation of 5d-5d excited states at the ground state geometry would require energies far above minima in the potential surfaces of MLCT excited states. As this requirement is met by tungsten(0) arylisocyanides, these complexes have been the focus of our work aimed at the development of robust redox-active photosensitizers.In the following Account, we review recent work on homoleptic tungsten(0) arylisocyanides. Originally reported by our group 45 years ago, W(CNAr)6 complexes have exceptionally large one- and two-photon absorption cross-sections. One- or two-photon excitation produces relatively long-lived (hundreds of nanoseconds to microsecond) MLCT excited states in high yields. These MLCT excited states, which are very strong reductants with E°(W+/*W0) = -2.2 to -3.0 V vs Fc[+/0], mediate photocatalysis of organic reactions with both visible and near-infrared (NIR) light. Here, we highlight design principles that led to the development of three generations of W(CNAr)6 photosensitizers; and we discuss likely steps in the mechanism of a prototypal W(CNAr)6-catalyzed base-promoted homolytic aromatic substitution reaction. Among the many potential applications of these very bright luminophores, two-photon imaging and two-photon-initiated polymerization are ones we plan to pursue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra T Barth
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Javier Fajardo
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Wesley Sattler
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Jay R Winkler
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
| | - Harry B Gray
- Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, United States
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21
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Lv J, Sun R, Yang Q, Gan P, Yu S, Tan Z. Research on Electric Field-Induced Catalysis Using Single-Molecule Electrical Measurement. Molecules 2023; 28:4968. [PMID: 37446629 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28134968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The role of catalysis in controlling chemical reactions is crucial. As an important external stimulus regulatory tool, electric field (EF) catalysis enables further possibilities for chemical reaction regulation. To date, the regulation mechanism of electric fields and electrons on chemical reactions has been modeled. The electric field at the single-molecule electronic scale provides a powerful theoretical weapon to explore the dynamics of individual chemical reactions. The combination of electric fields and single-molecule electronic techniques not only uncovers new principles but also results in the regulation of chemical reactions at the single-molecule scale. This perspective focuses on the recent electric field-catalyzed, single-molecule chemical reactions and assembly, and highlights promising outlooks for future work in single-molecule catalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieyao Lv
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Ruiqin Sun
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Qifan Yang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Pengfei Gan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Shiyong Yu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
| | - Zhibing Tan
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot 010021, China
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22
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Shirakawa E, Ota Y, Yonekura K, Okura K, Mizusawa S, Sarkar SK, Abe M. Manipulation of an electron by photoirradiation in the electron-catalyzed cross-coupling reaction. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadh3544. [PMID: 37256951 PMCID: PMC10413655 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adh3544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
An electron has recently been shown to catalyze the cross-coupling reaction of organometallic compounds with aryl halides. In terms of green and sustainable chemistry, the electron catalysis is much more desirable than the inevitably used transition metal catalysis but a high temperature of more than 100°C is required to achieve it. Here, we disclose that visible light photoirradiation accelerates the electron-catalyzed reaction of arylzinc reagents with aryl halides with the aid of a photoredox catalysis. Photoexcitation of a photoredox catalyst and an anion radical intermediate respectively affects the supply and transfer of the electron catalyst, promoting the cross-coupling reaction to proceed at room temperature. The supply of the electron catalyst by the photoredox catalysis makes the scope of aryl halides wider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Shirakawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Yuki Ota
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Kyohei Yonekura
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Keisho Okura
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
| | - Sahiro Mizusawa
- Department of Applied Chemistry for Environment, School of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Kwansei Gakuin University, Sanda, Hyogo 669-1337, Japan
- Fine Materials Department, Osaka Gas Chemicals, Co., Ltd., Konohana-ku, Osaka, 554-0051, Japan
| | - Sujan Kumar Sarkar
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
- Advanced Patterning Department, Interuniversity Microelectronics Centre (IMEC), Leuven 3001, Belgium
| | - Manabu Abe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Hiroshima University, Higashihiroshima, Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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23
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Shi L, Xue X, Hong B, Li Q, Gu Z. Dirhodium(II)/Phosphine Catalyst with Chiral Environment at Bridging Site and Its Application in Enantioselective Atropisomer Synthesis. ACS CENTRAL SCIENCE 2023; 9:748-755. [PMID: 37122446 PMCID: PMC10141619 DOI: 10.1021/acscentsci.2c01207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
A dirhodium(II)/phosphine catalyst with a chiral environment at the bridging site was developed for the asymmetric arylation of phenanthrene-9,10-diones with arylboronic acids. In contrast to the classic chiral bridging carboxylic acid (or derivatives) ligand strategy of bimetallic dirhodium(II) catalysis, in this reaction, tuning both axial and bridging ligands realized the first Rh2(OAc)4/phosphine-catalyzed highly enantioselective carbonyl addition reaction. The kinetic analysis reveals that dirhodium(II) and arylboronic acid follow the first-order kinetics, while phenanthrene-9,10-dione is zeroth-order. These data supported the proposed catalytic cycle, where the key intermediate in the rate-determining step involved the dirhodium(II) complex and arylboronic acid. Finally, axially chiral biaryls were prepared based on a newly developed oxidative ring-opening reaction of α-hydroxyl ketones with a base and molecular oxygen, which featured a central-to-axial chirality transfer radical β-scission step.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Shi
- Hefei
National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and
Department of Chemistry, University of Science
and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Xiaoping Xue
- Hefei
National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and
Department of Chemistry, University of Science
and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Biqiong Hong
- College
of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang
University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
| | - Qigang Li
- Hefei
National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and
Department of Chemistry, University of Science
and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
| | - Zhenhua Gu
- Hefei
National Research Center for Physical Sciences at the Microscale and
Department of Chemistry, University of Science
and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, Anhui 230026, P. R. China
- College
of Materials and Chemical Engineering, Minjiang
University, Fuzhou, Fujian 350108, China
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24
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Duff L, Meakin H, Richardson A, Greener AJ, Smith GWA, Ocaña I, Chechik V, James MJ. Denitrative Hydroxylation of Unactivated Nitroarenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202203807. [PMID: 36594445 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202203807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
A one-step method for the conversion of nitroarenes into phenols under operationally simple, transition-metal-free conditions is described. This denitrative functionalization protocol provides a concise and economical alternative to conventional three-step synthetic sequences. Experimental and computational studies suggest that nitroarenes may be substituted by an electron-catalysed radical-nucleophilic substitution (SRN 1) chain mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Duff
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Harry Meakin
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Adam Richardson
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Andrew J Greener
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - George W A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Ivan Ocaña
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Victor Chechik
- Department of Chemistry, University of York Heslington, York, YO10 5DD, UK
| | - Michael J James
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Oxford Road, Manchester, M13 9PL, UK
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25
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Biswas A, Bhunia A, Mandal SK. Mechanochemical solid state single electron transfer from reduced organic hydrocarbon for catalytic aryl-halide bond activation. Chem Sci 2023; 14:2606-2615. [PMID: 36908958 PMCID: PMC9993847 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc06119h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid-state radical generation is an attractive but underutilized methodology in the catalytic strong bond activation process, such as the aryl-halide bond. Traditionally, such a process of strong bond activation relied upon the use of transition metal complexes or strongly reducing photocatalysts in organic solvents. The generation of the aryl radical from aryl halides in the absence of transition-metal or external stimuli, such as light or cathodic current, remains an elusive process. In this study, we describe a reduced organic hydrocarbon, which can act as a super reductant in the solid state to activate strong bonds by solid-state single electron transfer (SSSET) under the influence of mechanical energy leading to a catalytic strategy based on the mechano-SSSET or mechanoredox process. Here, we investigate the solid-state synthesis of the super electron donor phenalenyl anion in a ball mill and its application as an active catalyst in strong bond (aryl halide) activation. Aryl radicals generated from aryl halides by employing this strategy are competent for various carbon-carbon bond-forming reactions under solvent-free and transition metal-free conditions. We illustrate this approach for partially soluble or insoluble polyaromatic arenes in accomplishing solid-solid C-C cross-coupling catalysis, which is otherwise difficult to achieve by traditional methods using solvents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Biswas
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
| | - Anup Bhunia
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
| | - Swadhin K Mandal
- Department of Chemical Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata Mohanpur-741246 India
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26
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Agasti S, Beltran F, Pye E, Kaltsoyannis N, Crisenza GEM, Procter DJ. A catalytic alkene insertion approach to bicyclo[2.1.1]hexane bioisosteres. Nat Chem 2023; 15:535-541. [PMID: 36781910 DOI: 10.1038/s41557-023-01135-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
C(sp3)-rich bicyclic hydrocarbon scaffolds, as exemplified by bicyclo[1.1.1]pentanes, play an increasingly high-profile role as saturated bioisosteres of benzenoids in medicinal chemistry and crop science. Substituted bicyclo[2.1.1]hexanes (BCHs) are emerging bicyclic hydrocarbon bioisosteres for ortho- and meta-substituted benzenes, but are difficult to access. Therefore, a general synthetic route to BCHs is needed if their potential as bioisosteres is to be realized. Here we describe a broadly applicable catalytic approach that delivers substituted BCHs by intermolecular coupling between olefins and bicyclo[1.1.0]butyl (BCB) ketones. The SmI2-catalysed process works for a wide range of electron-deficient alkenes and substituted BCB ketones, operates with SmI2 loadings as low as 5 mol% and is underpinned by a radical relay mechanism that is supported by density functional theory calculations. The product BCH ketones have been shown to be versatile synthetic intermediates through selective downstream manipulation and the expedient synthesis of a saturated hydrocarbon analogue of the broad-spectrum antimicrobial, phthalylsulfathiazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumitra Agasti
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Frédéric Beltran
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Emma Pye
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | | | | | - David J Procter
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK.
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27
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Che C, Lu YN, Wang CJ. Enantio- and Diastereoselective De Novo Synthesis of 3-Substituted Proline Derivatives via Cooperative Photoredox/Brønsted Acid Catalysis and Epimerization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2779-2786. [PMID: 36706215 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
Herein, a novel strategy for the catalytic asymmetric synthesis of enantioenriched 3-cis- and 3-trans-substituted prolines has been successfully established via an unprecedented cascade radical addition/cyclization enabled by synergistic photoredox/Brønsted acid catalysis and subsequent base-assisted epimerization. The current protocol provides a unique de novo access to all four stereoisomers of 3-substituted prolines which are not readily achieved via currently established methods. This methodology could be further extended to the asymmetric synthesis of the full complement of stereoisomers of 3-substituted pipecolinic acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao Che
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yi-Nan Lu
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Chun-Jiang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China.,State Key Laboratory of Elemento-organic Chemistry, Nankai University, Tianjin 300071, China
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Abstract
The emergence of modern photocatalysis, characterized by mildness and selectivity, has significantly spurred innovative late-stage C-H functionalization approaches that make use of low energy photons as a controllable energy source. Compared to traditional late-stage functionalization strategies, photocatalysis paves the way toward complementary and/or previously unattainable regio- and chemoselectivities. Merging the compelling benefits of photocatalysis with the late-stage functionalization workflow offers a potentially unmatched arsenal to tackle drug development campaigns and beyond. This Review highlights the photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization strategies of small-molecule drugs, agrochemicals, and natural products, classified according to the targeted C-H bond and the newly formed one. Emphasis is devoted to identifying, describing, and comparing the main mechanistic scenarios. The Review draws a critical comparison between established ionic chemistry and photocatalyzed radical-based manifolds. The Review aims to establish the current state-of-the-art and illustrate the key unsolved challenges to be addressed in the future. The authors aim to introduce the general readership to the main approaches toward photocatalytic late-stage C-H functionalization, and specialist practitioners to the critical evaluation of the current methodologies, potential for improvement, and future uncharted directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Bellotti
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Huan-Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210Shanghai, China
| | - Teresa Faber
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
| | - Frank Glorius
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster, Corrensstraße 36, 48149Münster, Germany
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29
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Wang W, Ruiz J, Ornelas C, Hamon JR. A Career in Catalysis: Didier Astruc. ACS Catal 2023. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c04318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenjuan Wang
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM UMR N°5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Cedex Talence, France
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)−UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
| | - Jaime Ruiz
- Univ. Bordeaux, ISM UMR N°5255, 351 Cours de la Libération, 33405 Cedex Talence, France
| | - Catia Ornelas
- Institute of Chemistry, Rua Josué de Castro, Cidade Universitaria Zeferino Vaz, University of Campinas, Campinas, 13083-970 São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jean-René Hamon
- Univ. Rennes, CNRS, ISCR (Institut des Sciences Chimiques de Rennes)−UMR 6226, F-35000 Rennes, France
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Chen X, Chen H, Fraser Stoddart J. The Story of the Little Blue Box: A Tribute to Siegfried Hünig. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202211387. [PMID: 36131604 PMCID: PMC10099103 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202211387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The tetracationic cyclophane, cyclobis(paraquat-p-phenylene), also known as the little blue box, constitutes a modular receptor that has facilitated the discovery of many host-guest complexes and mechanically interlocked molecules during the past 35 years. Its versatility in binding small π-donors in its tetracationic state, as well as forming trisradical tricationic complexes with viologen radical cations in its doubly reduced bisradical dicationic state, renders it valuable for the construction of various stimuli-responsive materials. Since the first reports in 1988, the little blue box has been featured in over 500 publications in the literature. All this research activity would not have been possible without the seminal contributions carried out by Siegfried Hünig, who not only pioneered the syntheses of viologen-containing cyclophanes, but also revealed their rich redox chemistry in addition to their ability to undergo intramolecular π-dimerization. This Review describes how his pioneering research led to the design and synthesis of the little blue box, and how this redox-active host evolved into the key component of molecular shuttles, switches, and machines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao‐Yang Chen
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
| | - Hongliang Chen
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
| | - J. Fraser Stoddart
- Department of ChemistryNorthwestern University2145 Sheridan RoadEvanstonIllinois 60208USA
- Stoddart Institute of Molecular ScienceDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang UniversityHangzhou310027China
- ZJU-Hangzhou Global Scientific and Technological Innovation CenterHangzhou311215China
- School of ChemistryUniversity of New South WalesSydneyNSW 2052Australia
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31
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Liu F, Zhang K, Zhao XF, Meng QX, Zhao TS, Tian WF, He YQ. Photoinduced Stereoselective Hydroalkylation of Terminal Arylalkynes via C(sp3)-H Functionalization. Tetrahedron Lett 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2022.154321] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Sieg G, Müller I, Weißer K, Werncke CG. Taming the stilbene radical anion. Chem Sci 2022; 13:13872-13878. [PMID: 36544743 PMCID: PMC9710230 DOI: 10.1039/d2sc04451j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Radical anions appear as intermediates in a variety of organic reductions and have recently garnered interest for their role as mediators for electron-driven catalysis as well as for organic electron conductor materials. Due to their unstable nature, the isolation of such organic radical anions is usually only possible by using extended aromatic systems, whereas non-aromatic unsaturated hydrocarbons have so far only been observed in situ. We herein report the first isolation, structure and spectroscopic characterization of a simple aryl substituted alkene radical anion, namely that of stilbene (1,2-diphenyl ethylene), achieved by encapsulation between two [K{18c6}] cations. The formation of the radical anion is accompanied by Z → E isomerization of the involved double bond, also on a catalytic scale. Employing the linear iron(i) complex [Fe(NR2)2]- as a reductant and coordination site also allows for this transformation, via formation of an iron(ii) bound radical anion. The use of the iron complex now also allows for Z → E isomerization of electron richer, simple alkenes bearing either mixed alkyl/aryl or even bis(alkyl) substitution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grégoire Sieg
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435037 MarburgGermany
| | - Igor Müller
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435037 MarburgGermany
| | - Kilian Weißer
- Institut für Chemie, Humboldt-Universität zu BerlinBrook-Taylor-Str. 212489 BerlinGermany
| | - C. Gunnar Werncke
- Fachbereich Chemie, Philipps-Universität MarburgHans-Meerwein-Straße 435037 MarburgGermany
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33
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Zhou W, Tan Y, Ma J, Wang X, Yang L, Li Z, Liu C, Wu H, Sun L, Deng W. Ultrasensitive NO Sensor Based on a Nickel Single-Atom Electrocatalyst for Preliminary Screening of COVID-19. ACS Sens 2022; 7:3422-3429. [PMID: 36315489 DOI: 10.1021/acssensors.2c01597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A new coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, has caused the coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) epidemic. A rapid and economical method for preliminary screening of COVID-19 may help to control the COVID-19 pandemic. Here, we report a nickel single-atom electrocatalyst that can be printed on a paper-printing sensor for preliminary screening of COVID-19 suspects by efficient detection of fractional exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO). The FeNO value is confirmed to be related to COVID-19 in our exploratory clinical study, and a machine learning model that can accurately classify healthy subjects and COVID-19 patients is established based on FeNO and other features. The nickel single-atom electrocatalyst consists of a single nickel atom with N2O2 coordination embedded in porous acetylene black (named Ni-N2O2/AB). A paper-printed sensor was fabricated with the material and showed ultrasensitive response to NO in the range of 0.3-180 ppb. This ultrasensitive sensor could be applied to preliminary screening of COVID-19 in everyday life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhou
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Yi Tan
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Jing Ma
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Liyuan Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan430070, Hubei, China
| | - Xiao Wang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Li Yang
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Zhen Li
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Chengcheng Liu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Hao Wu
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Lei Sun
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
| | - Weiqiao Deng
- Institute of Molecular Sciences and Engineering, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao266237, China
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34
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Kim S, Park B, Lee GS, Hong SH. Synthesis of α-Aminoacetals via Decarboxylative Coupling of Imine and 2,2,-Diethoxyacetic Acid. J Org Chem 2022; 88:6532-6537. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c01941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seoksun Kim
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural Sciences, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea
| | - Beomsoon Park
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Geun Seok Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Soon Hyeok Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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35
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Jiao Y, Stoddart J. Electron / hole catalysis: A versatile strategy for promoting chemical transformations. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.133065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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36
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Salamon MJ, Briega-Martos V, Cuesta A, Herrero E. Insight into the role of adsorbed formate in the oxidation of formic acid from pH-dependent experiments with Pt single-crystal electrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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37
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M T, Callum. Emerging radical rearrangement reactions: The 1,2-boron shift. GREEN SYNTHESIS AND CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gresc.2022.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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38
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Eckhardt P, Elliot Q, Alabugin IV, Opatz T. Two Paths to Oxidative C-H Amination Under Basic Conditions: A Theoretical Case Study Reveals Hidden Opportunities Provided by Electron Upconversion. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202201637. [PMID: 35880945 PMCID: PMC9804812 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202201637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Traditionally, cross-dehydrogenative coupling (CDC) leads to C-N bond formation under basic and oxidative conditions and is proposed to proceed via a two-electron bond formation mediated by carbenium ions. However, the formation of such high-energy intermediates is only possible in the presence of strong oxidants, which may lead to undesired side reactions and poor functional group tolerance. In this work we explore if oxidation under basic conditions allows the formation of three-electron bonds (resulting in "upconverted" highly-reducing radical-anions). The benefit of this "upconversion" process is in the ability to use milder oxidants (e. g., O2 ) and to avoid high-energy intermediates. Comparison of the two- and three-electron pathways using quantum mechanical calculations reveals that not only does the absence of a strong oxidant shut down two-electron pathways in favor of a three-electron path but, paradoxically, weaker oxidants react faster with the upconverted reductants by avoiding the inverted Marcus region for electron transfer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Eckhardt
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
| | - Quintin Elliot
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida 32306USA
| | - Igor V. Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and BiochemistryFlorida State UniversityTallahasseeFlorida 32306USA
| | - Till Opatz
- Department of ChemistryJohannes Gutenberg University MainzDuesbergweg 10–1455128MainzGermany
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39
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Wang J, Ye Y, Sang T, Zhou C, Bao X, Yuan Y, Huo C. C(sp 3)-H/C(sp 3)-H Dehydrogenative Radical Coupling of Glycine Derivatives. Org Lett 2022; 24:7577-7582. [PMID: 36214657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Here we report a general C(sp3)-H/C(sp3)-H dehydrogenative coupling strategy for the preparation of various natural or unnatural amino acids from readily available glycine derivatives and hydrocarbons through a combination of SET and HAT process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Wang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Youwan Ye
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Tongzhi Sang
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Chenxing Zhou
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Xiazhen Bao
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Yong Yuan
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
| | - Congde Huo
- Gansu International Scientific and Technological Cooperation Base of Water-Retention Chemical Functional Materials, Key Laboratory of Eco-Environment-Related Polymer Materials Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, Gansu 730070, China
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40
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Hashimoto Y, Horiguchi G, Kamiya H, Okada Y. Design of a Photocatalytic [2+2] Cycloaddition Reaction Using Redox‐Tag Strategy. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202202018. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202202018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Hashimoto
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho 184-8588 Koganei Tokyo Japan
| | - Genki Horiguchi
- Energy Catalyst Technology Group Energy Process Research Institute (EPRI) National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST) 16-1 Onogawa 305-8559 Tsukuba Ibaraki Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kamiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 2-24-16 Naka-cho 184-8588 Koganei Tokyo Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Applied Biological Science Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho 183-8509 Fuchu Tokyo Japan
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41
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Zhang Y, Chen J, Huang H. Radical Brook Rearrangements: Concept and Recent Developments. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205671. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zhang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Jun‐Jie Chen
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
| | - Huan‐Ming Huang
- School of Physical Science and Technology ShanghaiTech University Shanghai 201210 P. R. China
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42
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Nakayama K, Kamiya H, Okada Y. Radical cation Diels–Alder reactions of arylidene cycloalkanes. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1100-1106. [PMID: 36105722 PMCID: PMC9443414 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
TiO2 photoelectrochemical and electrochemical radical cation Diels–Alder reactions of arylidene cycloalkanes are described, leading to the construction of spiro ring systems. Although the mechanism remains an open question, arylidene cyclobutanes are found to be much more effective in the reaction than other cycloalkanes. Since the reaction is completed with a substoichiometric amount of electricity, a radical cation chain pathway is likely to be involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaii Nakayama
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Hidehiro Kamiya
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 2-24-16 Naka-cho, Koganei, Tokyo 184-8588, Japan
| | - Yohei Okada
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwai-cho, Fuchu, Tokyo 183-8509, Japan
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43
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Morrill C, Gillespie JE, Phipps RJ. An Aminative Rearrangement of O-(Arenesulfonyl)hydroxylamines: Facile Access to ortho-Sulfonyl Anilines. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204025. [PMID: 35703005 PMCID: PMC9546328 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Ortho‐sulfonyl anilines are important building blocks for a range of applications. We report the discovery of an aromatic rearrangement reaction of O‐(arenesulfonyl)hydroxylamines which leads directly to ortho‐sulfonyl anilines through formation of a new C−N bond with excellent levels of regiocontrol for the ortho position(s) over all others. We establish that the rearrangement is proceeding through an intermolecular mechanism and propose that the regiocontrol observed is the result of attractive non‐covalent interactions occurring during the C−N bond‐forming step. Importantly, this method is complementary to classical aniline sulfonation in terms of the variously substituted regioisomers that can be obtained and it is also applicable to O‐(benzylsulfonyl) hydroxylamines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Morrill
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - James E Gillespie
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
| | - Robert J Phipps
- Yusuf Hamied Department of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, Lensfield Road, Cambridge, CB2 1EW, UK
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44
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Informing geometric deep learning with electronic interactions to accelerate quantum chemistry. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2205221119. [PMID: 35901215 PMCID: PMC9351474 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2205221119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Predicting electronic energies, densities, and related chemical properties can facilitate the discovery of novel catalysts, medicines, and battery materials. However, existing machine learning techniques are challenged by the scarcity of training data when exploring unknown chemical spaces. We overcome this barrier by systematically incorporating knowledge of molecular electronic structure into deep learning. By developing a physics-inspired equivariant neural network, we introduce a method to learn molecular representations based on the electronic interactions among atomic orbitals. Our method, OrbNet-Equi, leverages efficient tight-binding simulations and learned mappings to recover high-fidelity physical quantities. OrbNet-Equi accurately models a wide spectrum of target properties while being several orders of magnitude faster than density functional theory. Despite only using training samples collected from readily available small-molecule libraries, OrbNet-Equi outperforms traditional semiempirical and machine learning-based methods on comprehensive downstream benchmarks that encompass diverse main-group chemical processes. Our method also describes interactions in challenging charge-transfer complexes and open-shell systems. We anticipate that the strategy presented here will help to expand opportunities for studies in chemistry and materials science, where the acquisition of experimental or reference training data is costly.
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45
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Balycheva VA, Akyeva AY, Saverina EA, Shangin PG, Krylova IV, Korolev VA, Egorov MP, Alabugin IV, Syroeshkin MA. Electron upconversion in reactions of 1,2,4-triazoline-3,5-dione. Russ Chem Bull 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s11172-022-3570-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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46
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Shennan BDA, Berheci D, Crompton JL, Davidson TA, Field JL, Williams BA, Dixon DJ. Branching out: redox strategies towards the synthesis of acyclic α-tertiary ethers. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:5878-5929. [PMID: 35770619 DOI: 10.1039/d1cs00669j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Acyclic α-tertiary ethers represent a highly prevalent functionality, common to high-value bioactive molecules, such as pharmaceuticals and natural products, and feature as crucial synthetic handles in their construction. As such their synthesis has become an ever-more important goal in synthetic chemistry as the drawbacks of traditional strong base- and acid-mediated etherifications have become more limiting. In recent years, the generation of highly reactive intermediates via redox approaches has facilitated the synthesis of highly sterically-encumbered ethers and accordingly these strategies have been widely applied in α-tertiary ether synthesis. This review summarises and appraises the state-of-the-art in the application of redox strategies enabling acyclic α-tertiary ether synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin D A Shennan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Diana Berheci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Jessica L Crompton
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Timothy A Davidson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Joshua L Field
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Benedict A Williams
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
| | - Darren J Dixon
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, 12 Mansfield Road, Oxford, OX1 3TA, UK.
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47
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Alabugin I, Hu C. A Swiss Army knife for surface chemistry. Science 2022; 377:261-262. [DOI: 10.1126/science.abq2622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Voltage pulses offer a way to control single-molecule reactions on a surface
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Affiliation(s)
- Igor Alabugin
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
| | - Chaowei Hu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA
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48
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Raut RK, Waghamare AB, Patel N, Majumdar M. Role of N, N′‐diboryl‐4, 4′‐bipyridinylidene in the Transition metal‐free Borylation of Aryl Halides and Direct C‐H arylation of Unactivated Benzene. Eur J Inorg Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202200089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ravindra K. Raut
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Chemistry INDIA
| | | | - Niranjan Patel
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Pune Chemistry INDIA
| | - Moumita Majumdar
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Pune Chemistry Dr. Homi Bhabha RoadPashan 411008 Pune INDIA
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49
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Li P, Zhou L, Zhao C, Ju H, Gao Q, Si W, Cheng L, Hao J, Li M, Chen Y, Jia C, Guo X. Single-molecule nano-optoelectronics: insights from physics. REPORTS ON PROGRESS IN PHYSICS. PHYSICAL SOCIETY (GREAT BRITAIN) 2022; 85:086401. [PMID: 35623319 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6633/ac7401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Single-molecule optoelectronic devices promise a potential solution for miniaturization and functionalization of silicon-based microelectronic circuits in the future. For decades of its fast development, this field has made significant progress in the synthesis of optoelectronic materials, the fabrication of single-molecule devices and the realization of optoelectronic functions. On the other hand, single-molecule optoelectronic devices offer a reliable platform to investigate the intrinsic physical phenomena and regulation rules of matters at the single-molecule level. To further realize and regulate the optoelectronic functions toward practical applications, it is necessary to clarify the intrinsic physical mechanisms of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. Here, we provide a timely review to survey the physical phenomena and laws involved in single-molecule optoelectronic materials and devices, including charge effects, spin effects, exciton effects, vibronic effects, structural and orbital effects. In particular, we will systematically summarize the basics of molecular optoelectronic materials, and the physical effects and manipulations of single-molecule optoelectronic nanodevices. In addition, fundamentals of single-molecule electronics, which are basic of single-molecule optoelectronics, can also be found in this review. At last, we tend to focus the discussion on the opportunities and challenges arising in the field of single-molecule optoelectronics, and propose further potential breakthroughs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peihui Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Zhou
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Cong Zhao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Hongyu Ju
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- School of Pharmaceutical Science and Technology, Tianjin University, 92 Weijin Road, Nankai District, Tianjin 300072, People's Republic of China
| | - Qinghua Gao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Si
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Li Cheng
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Jie Hao
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Mengmeng Li
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Yijian Chen
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
| | - Chuancheng Jia
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuefeng Guo
- Center of Single-Molecule Sciences, Institute of Modern Optics, Frontiers Science Center for New Organic Matter, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Micro-Scale Optical Information Science and Technology, College of Electronic Information and Optical Engineering, Nankai University, 38 Tongyan Road, Jinnan District, Tianjin 300350, People's Republic of China
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, National Biomedical Imaging Center, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, 292 Chengfu Road, Haidian District, Beijing 100871, People's Republic of China
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50
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Zhao P, Wang Y, Wang X, Zhuang D, Yan R. Synthesis of Benzimidazo[2,1- a]isoquinoline and Indolo[2,1- a]isoquinoline Derivatives via Copper-Catalyzed Silylation/Methylation of 2-Arylindoles and 2-Arylbenzimidazoles. J Org Chem 2022; 87:9056-9068. [PMID: 35754406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
A one-pot method for the synthesis of silylsubstituted/methylsubstituted indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolin-6(5H)-ones and benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinoline-6(5H)-ones via copper(II)-initiated silylation/methylation of 2-arylindoles and 2-arylbenzimidazoles was developed. In this procedure, the C-Si bond and C-C bond were constructed by radical addition and cyclization. A series of 2-arylindole and 2-arylbenzimidazole derivatives were facilely transformed to indolo[2,1-a]isoquinolines and benzimidazo[2,1-a]isoquinolines in 39-83% yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pengbo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Youzhi Wang
- Chengdu Guibao Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Xiajun Wang
- Chengdu Guibao Science and Technology Co., Ltd, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | - Daijiao Zhuang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
| | - Rulong Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, Gansu, China
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