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Andronikou C, Burdova K, Dibitetto D, Lieftink C, Malzer E, Kuiken HJ, Gogola E, Ray Chaudhuri A, Beijersbergen RL, Hanzlikova H, Jonkers J, Rottenberg S. PARG-deficient tumor cells have an increased dependence on EXO1/FEN1-mediated DNA repair. EMBO J 2024; 43:1015-1042. [PMID: 38360994 PMCID: PMC10943112 DOI: 10.1038/s44318-024-00043-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Targeting poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) is currently explored as a therapeutic approach to treat various cancer types, but we have a poor understanding of the specific genetic vulnerabilities that would make cancer cells susceptible to such a tailored therapy. Moreover, the identification of such vulnerabilities is of interest for targeting BRCA2;p53-deficient tumors that have acquired resistance to poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors (PARPi) through loss of PARG expression. Here, by performing whole-genome CRISPR/Cas9 drop-out screens, we identify various genes involved in DNA repair to be essential for the survival of PARG;BRCA2;p53-deficient cells. In particular, our findings reveal EXO1 and FEN1 as major synthetic lethal interactors of PARG loss. We provide evidence for compromised replication fork progression, DNA single-strand break repair, and Okazaki fragment processing in PARG;BRCA2;p53-deficient cells, alterations that exacerbate the effects of EXO1/FEN1 inhibition and become lethal in this context. Since this sensitivity is dependent on BRCA2 defects, we propose to target EXO1/FEN1 in PARPi-resistant tumors that have lost PARG activity. Moreover, EXO1/FEN1 targeting may be a useful strategy for enhancing the effect of PARG inhibitors in homologous recombination-deficient tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Andronikou
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3088, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Kamila Burdova
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Diego Dibitetto
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3088, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Cor Lieftink
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute Robotics and Screening Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elke Malzer
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute Robotics and Screening Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hendrik J Kuiken
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute Robotics and Screening Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewa Gogola
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arnab Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Roderick L Beijersbergen
- Division of Molecular Carcinogenesis, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- The Netherlands Cancer Institute Robotics and Screening Center, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hana Hanzlikova
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland
- Laboratory of Genome Dynamics, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 142 20, Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Jos Jonkers
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Oncode Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, 3012, Bern, Switzerland.
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute, 1066CX, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
- Cancer Therapy Resistance Cluster and Bern Center for Precision Medicine, Department for Biomedical Research, University of Bern, 3088, Bern, Switzerland.
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Hagemeister M, Hamilton L, Wandrey N, Hill M, Mounce E, Mosel N, Lytle K, Redinger M, Boley J, Fancher N, Haynes A, Fill I, Cole PA, Hill E, Moxley MA, Thomas AA. Evaluation of Rhodanine Indolinones as AANAT Inhibitors. ChemMedChem 2024; 19:e202300567. [PMID: 37984928 PMCID: PMC10843758 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2023] [Revised: 11/18/2023] [Accepted: 11/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Circadian rhythm (CR) dysregulation negatively impacts health and contributes to mental disorders. The role of melatonin, a hormone intricately linked to CR, is still a subject of active study. The enzyme arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is responsible for melatonin synthesis, and it is a potential target for disorders that involve abnormally high melatonin levels, such as seasonal affective disorder (SAD). Current AANAT inhibitors suffer from poor cell permeability, selectivity, and/or potency. To address the latter, we have employed an X-ray crystal-based model to guide the modification of a previously described AANAT inhibitor, containing a rhodanine-indolinone core. We made various structural modifications to the core structure, including testing the importance of a carboxylic acid group thought to bind in the CoA site, and we evaluated these changes using MD simulations in conjunction with enzymatic assay data. Additionally, we tested three AANAT inhibitors in a zebrafish locomotion model to determine their effects in vivo. Key discoveries were that potency could be modestly improved by replacing a 5-carbon alkyl chain with rings and that the central rhodanine ring could be replaced by other heterocycles and maintain potency.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mackenzie Hagemeister
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Luke Hamilton
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Nicole Wandrey
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Mackinzi Hill
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Emery Mounce
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Noah Mosel
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Katie Lytle
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Makenna Redinger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Jake Boley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Nathan Fancher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Alexis Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Ianna Fill
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Philip A Cole
- Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Evan Hill
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Michael A Moxley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
| | - Allen A Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE, 69949, USA
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Duma L, Ahel I. The function and regulation of ADP-ribosylation in the DNA damage response. Biochem Soc Trans 2023; 51:995-1008. [PMID: 37171085 PMCID: PMC10317172 DOI: 10.1042/bst20220749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a post-translational modification involved in DNA damage response (DDR). In higher organisms it is synthesised by PARP 1-3, DNA strand break sensors. Recent advances have identified serine residues as the most common targets for ADP-ribosylation during DDR. To ADP-ribosylate serine, PARPs require an accessory factor, HPF1 which completes the catalytic domain. Through ADP-ribosylation, PARPs recruit a variety of factors to the break site and control their activities. However, the timely removal of ADP-ribosylation is also key for genome stability and is mostly performed by two hydrolases: PARG and ARH3. Here, we describe the key writers, readers and erasers of ADP-ribosylation and their contribution to the mounting of the DDR. We also discuss the use of PARP inhibitors in cancer therapy and the ways to tackle PARPi treatment resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Duma
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, U.K
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4
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Fontana P, Buch-Larsen SC, Suyari O, Smith R, Suskiewicz MJ, Schützenhofer K, Ariza A, Rack JGM, Nielsen ML, Ahel I. Serine ADP-ribosylation in Drosophila provides insights into the evolution of reversible ADP-ribosylation signalling. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3200. [PMID: 37268618 PMCID: PMC10238386 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38793-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the mammalian DNA damage response, ADP-ribosylation signalling is of crucial importance to mark sites of DNA damage as well as recruit and regulate repairs factors. Specifically, the PARP1:HPF1 complex recognises damaged DNA and catalyses the formation of serine-linked ADP-ribosylation marks (mono-Ser-ADPr), which are extended into ADP-ribose polymers (poly-Ser-ADPr) by PARP1 alone. Poly-Ser-ADPr is reversed by PARG, while the terminal mono-Ser-ADPr is removed by ARH3. Despite its significance and apparent evolutionary conservation, little is known about ADP-ribosylation signalling in non-mammalian Animalia. The presence of HPF1, but absence of ARH3, in some insect genomes, including Drosophila species, raises questions regarding the existence and reversal of serine-ADP-ribosylation in these species. Here we show by quantitative proteomics that Ser-ADPr is the major form of ADP-ribosylation in the DNA damage response of Drosophila melanogaster and is dependent on the dParp1:dHpf1 complex. Moreover, our structural and biochemical investigations uncover the mechanism of mono-Ser-ADPr removal by Drosophila Parg. Collectively, our data reveal PARP:HPF1-mediated Ser-ADPr as a defining feature of the DDR in Animalia. The striking conservation within this kingdom suggests that organisms that carry only a core set of ADP-ribosyl metabolising enzymes, such as Drosophila, are valuable model organisms to study the physiological role of Ser-ADPr signalling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Fontana
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Program in Cellular and Molecular Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sara C Buch-Larsen
- Proteomics program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Osamu Suyari
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Rebecca Smith
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Marcin J Suskiewicz
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
- Centre de Biophysique Moléculaire, UPR4301 CNRS, rue Charles Sadron, CEDEX 2, F-45071, Orléans, France
| | - Kira Schützenhofer
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Antonio Ariza
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
- School of Biosciences, University of Sheffield, Western Bank, Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK.
| | - Johannes Gregor Matthias Rack
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
- MRC Centre for Medical Mycology, School of Biosciences, University of Exeter, Geoffrey Pope Building, Exeter, EX4 4QD, UK.
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford, OX1 3RE, UK.
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Muoio D, Laspata N, Fouquerel E. Functions of ADP-ribose transferases in the maintenance of telomere integrity. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:215. [PMID: 35348914 PMCID: PMC8964661 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04235-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The ADP-ribose transferase (ART) family comprises 17 enzymes that catalyze mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation, a post-translational modification of proteins. Present in all subcellular compartments, ARTs are implicated in a growing number of biological processes including DNA repair, replication, transcription regulation, intra- and extra-cellular signaling, viral infection and cell death. Five members of the family, PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2 are mainly described for their crucial functions in the maintenance of genome stability. It is well established that the most describedrole of PARP1, 2 and 3 is the repair of DNA lesions while tankyrases 1 and 2 are crucial for maintaining the integrity of telomeres. Telomeres, nucleoprotein complexes located at the ends of eukaryotic chromosomes, utilize their unique structure and associated set of proteins to orchestrate the mechanisms necessary for their own protection and replication. While the functions of tankyrases 1 and 2 at telomeres are well known, several studies have also brought PARP1, 2 and 3 to the forefront of telomere protection. The singular quality of the telomeric environment has highlighted protein interactions and molecular pathways distinct from those described throughout the genome. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of the current knowledge on the multiple roles of PARP1, PARP2, PARP3, tankyrase 1 and tankyrase 2 in the maintenance and preservation of telomere integrity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Muoio
- UPMC Cancer Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology at the University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - Natalie Laspata
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, 233 S. 10th street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA
| | - Elise Fouquerel
- UPMC Cancer Institute and Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology at the University of Pittsburgh, Hillman Cancer Center, 5115 Centre Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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6
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Manco G, Lacerra G, Porzio E, Catara G. ADP-Ribosylation Post-Translational Modification: An Overview with a Focus on RNA Biology and New Pharmacological Perspectives. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12030443. [PMID: 35327636 PMCID: PMC8946771 DOI: 10.3390/biom12030443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular functions are regulated through the gene expression program by the transcription of new messenger RNAs (mRNAs), alternative RNA splicing, and protein synthesis. To this end, the post-translational modifications (PTMs) of proteins add another layer of complexity, creating a continuously fine-tuned regulatory network. ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) is an ancient reversible modification of cellular macromolecules, regulating a multitude of key functional processes as diverse as DNA damage repair (DDR), transcriptional regulation, intracellular transport, immune and stress responses, and cell survival. Additionally, due to the emerging role of ADP-ribosylation in pathological processes, ADP-ribosyltransferases (ARTs), the enzymes involved in ADPr, are attracting growing interest as new drug targets. In this review, an overview of human ARTs and their related biological functions is provided, mainly focusing on the regulation of ADP-ribosyltransferase Diphtheria toxin-like enzymes (ARTD)-dependent RNA functions. Finally, in order to unravel novel gene functional relationships, we propose the analysis of an inventory of human gene clusters, including ARTDs, which share conserved sequences at 3′ untranslated regions (UTRs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Manco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (G.C.)
| | - Giuseppina Lacerra
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “Adriano Buzzati-Traverso”, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Elena Porzio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, National Research Council of Italy, Via P. Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy;
- Correspondence: (G.M.); (G.C.)
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Sha H, Gan Y, Zou R, Wu J, Feng J. Research Advances in the Role of the Poly ADP Ribose Polymerase Family in Cancer. Front Oncol 2022; 11:790967. [PMID: 34976832 PMCID: PMC8716401 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.790967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Poly ADP ribose polymerases (PARPs) catalyze the modification of acceptor proteins, DNA, or RNA with ADP-ribose, which plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability and regulating signaling pathways. The rapid development of PARP1/2 inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian and breast cancers has advanced research on other PARP family members for the treatment of cancer. This paper reviews the role of PARP family members (except PARP1/2 and tankyrases) in cancer and the underlying regulatory mechanisms, which will establish a molecular basis for the clinical application of PARPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huanhuan Sha
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yujie Gan
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Renrui Zou
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianzhong Wu
- Research Center of Clinical Oncology, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jifeng Feng
- Department of Chemotherapy, Jiangsu Cancer Hospital, Jiangsu Institute of Cancer Research, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Voth K, Pasricha S, Chung IYW, Wibawa RR, Zainudin ENHE, Hartland EL, Cygler M. Structural and Functional Characterization of Legionella pneumophila Effector MavL. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11121802. [PMID: 34944446 PMCID: PMC8699189 DOI: 10.3390/biom11121802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Revised: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Legionella pneumophila is a Gram-negative intracellular pathogen that causes Legionnaires’ disease in elderly or immunocompromised individuals. This bacterium relies on the Dot/Icm (Defective in organelle trafficking/Intracellular multiplication) Type IV Secretion System (T4SS) and a large (>330) set of effector proteins to colonize the host cell. The structural variability of these effectors allows them to disrupt many host processes. Herein, we report the crystal structure of MavL to 2.65 Å resolution. MavL adopts an ADP-ribosyltransferase (ART) fold and contains the distinctive ligand-binding cleft of ART proteins. Indeed, MavL binds ADP-ribose with Kd of 13 µM. Structural overlay of MavL with poly-(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolases (PARGs) revealed a pair of aspartate residues in MavL that align with the catalytic glutamates in PARGs. MavL also aligns with ADP-ribose “reader” proteins (proteins that recognize ADP-ribose). Since no glycohydrolase activity was observed when incubated in the presence of ADP-ribosylated PARP1, MavL may play a role as a signaling protein that binds ADP-ribose. An interaction between MavL and the mammalian ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme UBE2Q1 was revealed by yeast two-hybrid and co-immunoprecipitation experiments. This work provides structural and molecular insights to guide biochemical studies aimed at elucidating the function of MavL. Our findings support the notion that ubiquitination and ADP-ribosylation are global modifications exploited by L. pneumophila.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Voth
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (K.V.); (I.Y.W.C.)
| | - Shivani Pasricha
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.P.); (R.R.W.)
| | - Ivy Yeuk Wah Chung
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (K.V.); (I.Y.W.C.)
| | - Rachelia R. Wibawa
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.P.); (R.R.W.)
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
| | - Engku Nuraishah Huda E. Zainudin
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Melbourne at the Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, Melbourne 3000, Australia;
| | - Elizabeth L. Hartland
- Centre for Innate Immunity and Infectious Diseases, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton 3168, Australia; (S.P.); (R.R.W.)
- Department of Molecular and Translational Science, Monash University, Clayton 3168, Australia
- Correspondence: (E.L.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Miroslaw Cygler
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5E5, Canada; (K.V.); (I.Y.W.C.)
- Correspondence: (E.L.H.); (M.C.)
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9
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Schützenhofer K, Rack JGM, Ahel I. The Making and Breaking of Serine-ADP-Ribosylation in the DNA Damage Response. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:745922. [PMID: 34869334 PMCID: PMC8634249 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.745922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is a widespread posttranslational modification that is of particular therapeutic relevance due to its involvement in DNA repair. In response to DNA damage, PARP1 and 2 are the main enzymes that catalyze ADP-ribosylation at damage sites. Recently, serine was identified as the primary amino acid acceptor of the ADP-ribosyl moiety following DNA damage and appears to act as seed for chain elongation in this context. Serine-ADP-ribosylation strictly depends on HPF1, an auxiliary factor of PARP1/2, which facilitates this modification by completing the PARP1/2 active site. The signal is terminated by initial poly(ADP-ribose) chain degradation, primarily carried out by PARG, while another enzyme, (ADP-ribosyl)hydrolase 3 (ARH3), specifically cleaves the terminal seryl-ADP-ribosyl bond, thus completing the chain degradation initiated by PARG. This review summarizes recent findings in the field of serine-ADP-ribosylation, its mechanisms, possible functions and potential for therapeutic targeting through HPF1 and ARH3 inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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10
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Prokhorova E, Agnew T, Wondisford AR, Tellier M, Kaminski N, Beijer D, Holder J, Groslambert J, Suskiewicz MJ, Zhu K, Reber JM, Krassnig SC, Palazzo L, Murphy S, Nielsen ML, Mangerich A, Ahel D, Baets J, O'Sullivan RJ, Ahel I. Unrestrained poly-ADP-ribosylation provides insights into chromatin regulation and human disease. Mol Cell 2021; 81:2640-2655.e8. [PMID: 34019811 PMCID: PMC8221567 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2021.04.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 04/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ARH3/ADPRHL2 and PARG are the primary enzymes reversing ADP-ribosylation in vertebrates, yet their functions in vivo remain unclear. ARH3 is the only hydrolase able to remove serine-linked mono(ADP-ribose) (MAR) but is much less efficient than PARG against poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chains in vitro. Here, by using ARH3-deficient cells, we demonstrate that endogenous MARylation persists on chromatin throughout the cell cycle, including mitosis, and is surprisingly well tolerated. Conversely, persistent PARylation is highly toxic and has distinct physiological effects, in particular on active transcription histone marks such as H3K9ac and H3K27ac. Furthermore, we reveal a synthetic lethal interaction between ARH3 and PARG and identify loss of ARH3 as a mechanism of PARP inhibitor resistance, both of which can be exploited in cancer therapy. Finally, we extend our findings to neurodegeneration, suggesting that patients with inherited ARH3 deficiency suffer from stress-induced pathogenic increase in PARylation that can be mitigated by PARP inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evgeniia Prokhorova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Thomas Agnew
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Anne R Wondisford
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Michael Tellier
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Nicole Kaminski
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Danique Beijer
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - James Holder
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | | | - Marcin J Suskiewicz
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Kang Zhu
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Julia M Reber
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Sarah C Krassnig
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Luca Palazzo
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Shona Murphy
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Michael L Nielsen
- Proteomics Program, Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Protein Research, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aswin Mangerich
- Molecular Toxicology Group, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Dragana Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Jonathan Baets
- Translational Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Laboratory of Neuromuscular Pathology, Institute Born-Bunge, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium; Neuromuscular Reference Centre, Department of Neurology, Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Roderick J O'Sullivan
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, UPMC Hillman Cancer Center, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
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11
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Bonfiglio JJ, Leidecker O, Dauben H, Longarini EJ, Colby T, San Segundo-Acosta P, Perez KA, Matic I. An HPF1/PARP1-Based Chemical Biology Strategy for Exploring ADP-Ribosylation. Cell 2021; 183:1086-1102.e23. [PMID: 33186521 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.09.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2020] [Revised: 07/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Strategies for installing authentic ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) at desired positions are fundamental for creating the tools needed to explore this elusive post-translational modification (PTM) in essential cellular processes. Here, we describe a phospho-guided chemoenzymatic approach based on the Ser-ADPr writer complex for rapid, scalable preparation of a panel of pure, precisely modified peptides. Integrating this methodology with phage display technology, we have developed site-specific as well as broad-specificity antibodies to mono-ADPr. These recombinant antibodies have been selected and characterized using multiple ADP-ribosylated peptides and tested by immunoblotting and immunofluorescence for their ability to detect physiological ADPr events. Mono-ADPr proteomics and poly-to-mono comparisons at the modification site level have revealed the prevalence of mono-ADPr upon DNA damage and illustrated its dependence on PARG and ARH3. These and future tools created on our versatile chemical biology-recombinant antibody platform have broad potential to elucidate ADPr signaling pathways in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Bonfiglio
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Orsolya Leidecker
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Helen Dauben
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Edoardo José Longarini
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas Colby
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Pablo San Segundo-Acosta
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kathryn A Perez
- Protein Expression and Purification Core Facility, EMBL Heidelberg, 69126 Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ivan Matic
- Research Group of Proteomics and ADP-ribosylation Signaling, Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, 50931 Cologne, Germany; Cologne Excellence Cluster for Stress Responses in Ageing-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany.
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12
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Weixler L, Schäringer K, Momoh J, Lüscher B, Feijs KLH, Žaja R. ADP-ribosylation of RNA and DNA: from in vitro characterization to in vivo function. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:3634-3650. [PMID: 33693930 PMCID: PMC8053099 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The functionality of DNA, RNA and proteins is altered dynamically in response to physiological and pathological cues, partly achieved by their modification. While the modification of proteins with ADP-ribose has been well studied, nucleic acids were only recently identified as substrates for ADP-ribosylation by mammalian enzymes. RNA and DNA can be ADP-ribosylated by specific ADP-ribosyltransferases such as PARP1-3, PARP10 and tRNA 2'-phosphotransferase (TRPT1). Evidence suggests that these enzymes display different preferences towards different oligonucleotides. These reactions are reversed by ADP-ribosylhydrolases of the macrodomain and ARH families, such as MACROD1, TARG1, PARG, ARH1 and ARH3. Most findings derive from in vitro experiments using recombinant components, leaving the relevance of this modification in cells unclear. In this Survey and Summary, we provide an overview of the enzymes that ADP-ribosylate nucleic acids, the reversing hydrolases, and the substrates' requirements. Drawing on data available for other organisms, such as pierisin1 from cabbage butterflies and the bacterial toxin-antitoxin system DarT-DarG, we discuss possible functions for nucleic acid ADP-ribosylation in mammals. Hypothesized roles for nucleic acid ADP-ribosylation include functions in DNA damage repair, in antiviral immunity or as non-conventional RNA cap. Lastly, we assess various methods potentially suitable for future studies of nucleic acid ADP-ribosylation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Weixler
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Katja Schäringer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Jeffrey Momoh
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Karla L H Feijs
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
| | - Roko Žaja
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelsstrasse 30, Aachen, Germany
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13
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Mikolčević P, Hloušek-Kasun A, Ahel I, Mikoč A. ADP-ribosylation systems in bacteria and viruses. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2021; 19:2366-2383. [PMID: 34025930 PMCID: PMC8120803 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2021.04.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is an ancient posttranslational modification present in all kingdoms of life. The system likely originated in bacteria where it functions in inter- and intra-species conflict, stress response and pathogenicity. It was repeatedly adopted via lateral transfer by eukaryotes, including humans, where it has a pivotal role in epigenetics, DNA-damage repair, apoptosis, and other crucial pathways including the immune response to pathogenic bacteria and viruses. In other words, the same ammunition used by pathogens is adapted by eukaryotes to fight back. While we know quite a lot about the eukaryotic system, expanding rather patchy knowledge on bacterial and viral ADP-ribosylation would give us not only a better understanding of the system as a whole but a fighting advantage in this constant arms race. By writing this review we hope to put into focus the available information and give a perspective on how this system works and can be exploited in the search for therapeutic targets in the future. The relevance of the subject is especially highlighted by the current situation of being amid the world pandemic caused by a virus harbouring and dependent on a representative of such a system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Petra Mikolčević
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, UK
| | - Andreja Mikoč
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb, Croatia
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14
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Yang S, Qu G, Fu B, Yang F, Zeng W, Cai Y, Ye T, Yang Y, Deng X, Xiang W, Peng D, Zhou B. The function of KptA/Tpt1 gene - a minor review. Funct Plant Biol 2020; 47:577-591. [PMID: 32438974 DOI: 10.1071/fp19159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Rapid response of uni- and multicellular organisms to environmental changes and their own growth is achieved through a series of molecular mechanisms, often involving modification of macromolecules, including nucleic acids, proteins and lipids. The ADP-ribosylation process has ability to modify these different macromolecules in cells, and is closely related to the biological processes, such as DNA replication, transcription, signal transduction, cell division, stress, microbial aging and pathogenesis. In addition, tRNA plays an essential role in the regulation of gene expression, as effector molecules, no-load tRNA affects the overall gene expression level of cells under some nutritional stress. KptA/Tpt1 is an essential phosphotransferase in the process of pre-tRNA splicing, releasing mature tRNA and participating in ADP-ribose. The objective of this review is concluding the gene structure, the evolution history and the function of KptA/Tpt1 from prokaryote to eukaryote organisms. At the same time, the results of promoter elements analysis were also shown in the present study. Moreover, the problems in the function of KptA/Tpt1 that have not been clarified at the present time are summarised, and some suggestions to solve those problems are given. This review presents no only a summary of clear function of KptA/Tpt1 in the process of tRNA splicing and ADP-ribosylation of organisms, but also gives some proposals to clarify unclear problems of it in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiquan Yang
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,410004, Changsha, China
| | - Gaoyi Qu
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,410004, Changsha, China
| | - Bixia Fu
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,410004, Changsha, China
| | - Feng Yang
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,410004, Changsha, China
| | - Weixian Zeng
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,410004, Changsha, China
| | - Yunzhang Cai
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,410004, Changsha, China
| | - Tao Ye
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,410004, Changsha, China
| | | | - Xiangwen Deng
- National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Wenhua Xiang
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,410004, Changsha, China; and Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong 438107, China; and National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Dan Peng
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,410004, Changsha, China; and Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong 438107, China; and Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Faculty of Bioscience and Biotechnology of Central South University of Forestry and Technology,410004, Changsha, China; and Huitong National Field Station for Scientific Observation and Research of Chinese Fir Plantation Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Huitong 438107, China; and National Engineering Laboratory of Applied Technology for Forestry and Ecology in Southern China, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; and Forestry Biotechnology Hunan Key Laboratories, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; and Key Laboratory of Cultivation and Protection for Non-Wood Forest Trees, Ministry of Education, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China; and Corresponding author.
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15
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Abstract
Macrodomains, enzymes that remove ADP-ribose from proteins, are encoded by several families of RNA viruses and have recently been shown to counter innate immune responses to virus infection. ADP-ribose is covalently attached to target proteins by poly-ADP-ribose polymerases (PARPs), using nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) as a substrate. This modification can have a wide variety of effects on proteins including alteration of enzyme activity, protein-protein interactions, and protein stability. Several PARPs are induced by interferon (IFN) and are known to have antiviral properties, implicating ADP-ribosylation in the host defense response and suggesting that viral macrodomains may counter this response. Recent studies have demonstrated that viral macrodomains do counter the innate immune response by interfering with PARP-mediated antiviral defenses, stress granule formation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine production. Here, we will describe the known functions of the viral macrodomains and review recent literature demonstrating their roles in countering PARP-mediated antiviral responses.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Anthony R. Fehr
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA;
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16
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Abstract
ADP-ribosylation is an intricate and versatile posttranslational modification involved in the regulation of a vast variety of cellular processes in all kingdoms of life. Its complexity derives from the varied range of different chemical linkages, including to several amino acid side chains as well as nucleic acids termini and bases, it can adopt. In this review, we provide an overview of the different families of (ADP-ribosyl)hydrolases. We discuss their molecular functions, physiological roles, and influence on human health and disease. Together, the accumulated data support the increasingly compelling view that (ADP-ribosyl)hydrolases are a vital element within ADP-ribosyl signaling pathways and they hold the potential for novel therapeutic approaches as well as a deeper understanding of ADP-ribosylation as a whole.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luca Palazzo
- Institute for the Experimental Endocrinology and Oncology, National Research Council of Italy, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom
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17
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Abstract
In this review, Slade provides an overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of PARP and PARG inhibition. The author also highlights the clinical performance of four PARP inhibitors used in cancer therapy (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib) and discusses the predictive biomarkers of inhibitor sensitivity and mechanisms of resistance as well as the means of overcoming them through combination therapy. Oxidative and replication stress underlie genomic instability of cancer cells. Amplifying genomic instability through radiotherapy and chemotherapy has been a powerful but nonselective means of killing cancer cells. Precision medicine has revolutionized cancer therapy by putting forth the concept of selective targeting of cancer cells. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors represent a successful example of precision medicine as the first drugs targeting DNA damage response to have entered the clinic. PARP inhibitors act through synthetic lethality with mutations in DNA repair genes and were approved for the treatment of BRCA mutated ovarian and breast cancer. PARP inhibitors destabilize replication forks through PARP DNA entrapment and induce cell death through replication stress-induced mitotic catastrophe. Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) exploit and exacerbate replication deficiencies of cancer cells and may complement PARP inhibitors in targeting a broad range of cancer types with different sources of genomic instability. Here I provide an overview of the molecular mechanisms and cellular consequences of PARP and PARG inhibition. I highlight clinical performance of four PARP inhibitors used in cancer therapy (olaparib, rucaparib, niraparib, and talazoparib) and discuss the predictive biomarkers of inhibitor sensitivity, mechanisms of resistance as well as the means of overcoming them through combination therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dea Slade
- Department of Biochemistry, Max Perutz Labs, Vienna Biocenter (VBC), University of Vienna, 1030 Vienna, Austria
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18
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Houl JH, Ye Z, Brosey CA, Balapiti-Modarage LPF, Namjoshi S, Bacolla A, Laverty D, Walker BL, Pourfarjam Y, Warden LS, Babu Chinnam N, Moiani D, Stegeman RA, Chen MK, Hung MC, Nagel ZD, Ellenberger T, Kim IK, Jones DE, Ahmed Z, Tainer JA. Selective small molecule PARG inhibitor causes replication fork stalling and cancer cell death. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5654. [PMID: 31827085 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13508-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose)ylation (PARylation) by PAR polymerase 1 (PARP1) and PARylation removal by poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) critically regulate DNA damage responses; yet, conflicting reports obscure PARG biology and its impact on cancer cell resistance to PARP1 inhibitors. Here, we found that PARG expression is upregulated in many cancers. We employed chemical library screening to identify and optimize methylxanthine derivatives as selective bioavailable PARG inhibitors. Multiple crystal structures reveal how substituent positions on the methylxanthine core dictate binding modes and inducible-complementarity with a PARG-specific tyrosine clasp and arginine switch, supporting inhibitor specificity and a competitive inhibition mechanism. Cell-based assays show selective PARG inhibition and PARP1 hyperPARylation. Moreover, our PARG inhibitor sensitizes cells to radiation-induced DNA damage, suppresses replication fork progression and impedes cancer cell survival. In PARP inhibitor-resistant A172 glioblastoma cells, our PARG inhibitor shows comparable killing to Nedaplatin, providing further proof-of-concept that selectively inhibiting PARG can impair cancer cell survival.
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19
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Shibui Y, Oyama T, Okazawa M, Yoshimori A, Abe H, Uchiumi F, Tanuma SI. Structural insights into the active site of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase using docking modes of 6-hydroxy-3H-xanthen-3-one derivative inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem 2019; 28:115249. [PMID: 31879180 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2019.115249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2019] [Revised: 11/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) plays an essential role in poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) turnover, and thereby regulating DNA transactions, such as DNA repair, replication, transcription and recombination. Here, we examined the inhibitory activities of 6-hydroxy-3H-xanthene-3-one (HXO) derivatives and analyzed their binding modes in the active site of PARG by in silico docking study. Among the derivatives, Rose Bengal was found to be the most potent inhibitor of PARG and its halogen groups were revealed to cooperatively potentiate the inhibitory activity. Importantly, the binding mode of Rose Bengal occupied the active site of PARG revealed the presence of unique "Sandwich" residues of Asn869 and Tyr792, which enable the inhibitor to bind tightly with the active pocket. This sandwich interaction could stabilize the π-π interactions of HXO scaffold with Phe902 and Tyr795. In addition, to increase the binding affinity, the iodine and chlorine atoms of this inhibitor could contribute to the inducing of favorable disorders, which promote an entropy boost on the active site of PARG for structural plasticity, and making the stable configuration of HXO scaffold in the active site, respectively, as judged by the analysis of binding free energy. These results provide new insights into the active site of PARG and an additional opportunity for designing selective PARG inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Shibui
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oyama
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 9-6 Nibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0084, Japan
| | - Miwa Okazawa
- Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Atsushi Yoshimori
- Institute for Theoretical Medicine Inc., 26-1, Muraoka-Higashi 2-chome, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 251-0012, Japan
| | - Hideaki Abe
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 9-6 Nibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0084, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Sei-Ichi Tanuma
- Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
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20
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Catara G, Corteggio A, Valente C, Grimaldi G, Palazzo L. Targeting ADP-ribosylation as an antimicrobial strategy. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:13-26. [PMID: 31176616 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) is an ancient reversible modification of cellular macromolecules controlling major biological processes as diverse as DNA damage repair, transcriptional regulation, intracellular transport, immune and stress responses, cell survival and proliferation. Furthermore, enzymatic reactions of ADPr are central in the pathogenesis of many human diseases, including infectious conditions. By providing a review of ADPr signalling in bacterial systems, we highlight the relevance of this chemical modification in the pathogenesis of human diseases depending on host-pathogen interactions. The post-antibiotic era has raised the need to find alternative approaches to antibiotic administration, as major pathogens becoming resistant to antibiotics. An in-depth understanding of ADPr reactions provides the rationale for designing novel antimicrobial strategies for treatment of infectious diseases. In addition, the understanding of mechanisms of ADPr by bacterial virulence factors offers important hints to improve our knowledge on cellular processes regulated by eukaryotic homologous enzymes, which are often involved in the pathogenesis of human diseases.
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21
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Tanuma SI, Shibui Y, Oyama T, Uchiumi F, Abe H. Targeting poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase to draw apoptosis codes in cancer. Biochem Pharmacol 2019; 167:163-172. [PMID: 31176615 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2019.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a unique post-translational modification of proteins. The metabolism of poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is tightly regulated mainly by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARP) and poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG). Accumulating evidence has suggested the biological functions of PAR metabolism in control of many cellular processes, such as cell proliferation, differentiation and death by remodeling chromatin structure and regulation of DNA transaction, including DNA repair, replication, recombination and transcription. However, the physiological roles of the catabolism of PAR catalyzed by PARG remain less understood than those of PAR synthesis by PARP. Noteworthy biochemical studies have revealed the importance of PAR catabolic pathway generating nuclear ATP via the coordinated actions of PARG and ADP-ribose pyrophosphorylase (ADPRPPL) for the driving of DNA repair and the maintenance of DNA replication apparatus while repairing DNA damage. Furthermore, genetic studies have shown the value of PARG as a therapeutic molecular target for PAR-mediated diseases, such as cancer, inflammation and many pathological conditions. In this review, we present the current knowledge of de-poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation catalyzed by PARG focusing on its role in DNA repair, replication and apoptosis. Furthermore, the induction of apoptosis code of DNA replication catastrophe by synthetic lethality of PARG inhibition and the recent progresses regarding the development of small molecule PARG inhibitors and their therapeutic potentials in cancer chemotherapy are highlighted in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sei-Ichi Tanuma
- Department of Genomic Medicinal Science, Research Institute for Science and Technology, Organization for Research Advancement, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan.
| | - Yuto Shibui
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Takahiro Oyama
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 9-6 Nibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0084, Japan
| | - Fumiaki Uchiumi
- Department of Gene Regulation, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba 278-8510, Japan
| | - Hideaki Abe
- Hinoki Shinyaku Co., Ltd., 9-6 Nibancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0084, Japan
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22
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Dudkiewicz M, Pawłowski K. A novel conserved family of Macro-like domains-putative new players in ADP-ribosylation signaling. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6863. [PMID: 31106069 PMCID: PMC6500376 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6863] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of many completely uncharacterized proteins, even in well-studied organisms such as humans, seriously hampers a full understanding of the functioning of living cells. One such example is the human protein C12ORF4, which belongs to the DUF2362 family, present in many eukaryotic lineages and conserved in metazoans. The only functional information available on C12ORF4 (Chromosome 12 Open Reading Frame 4) is its involvement in mast cell degranulation and its being a genetic cause of autosomal intellectual disability. Bioinformatics analysis of the DUF2362 family provides strong evidence that it is a novel member of the Macro clan/superfamily. Sequence similarity analysis versus other representatives of the Macro superfamily of ADP-ribose-binding proteins and mapping sequence conservation on predicted three-dimensional structure provides hypotheses regarding the molecular function for members of the DUF2362 family. For example, the available functional data suggest a possible role for C12ORF4 in ADP-ribosylation signaling in asthma and related inflammatory diseases. This novel family appears to be a likely novel ADP-ribosylation “reader” and “eraser,” a previously unnoticed putative new player in cell signaling by this emerging post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Dudkiewicz
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Pawłowski
- Department of Experimental Design and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Agriculture and Biology, Warsaw University of Life Sciences, Warszawa, Poland.,Department of Translational Mecicine, Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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23
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Abstract
ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) is a reversible post-translational modification of proteins, which controls major cellular and biological processes, including DNA damage repair, cell proliferation and differentiation, metabolism, stress and immune responses. In order to maintain the cellular homeostasis, diverse ADP-ribosyl transferases and hydrolases are involved in the fine-tuning of ADPr systems. The control of ADPr network is vital, and dysregulation of enzymes involved in the regulation of ADPr signalling has been linked to a number of inherited and acquired human diseases, such as several neurological disorders and in cancer. Conversely, the therapeutic manipulation of ADPr has been shown to ameliorate several disorders in both human and animal models. These include cardiovascular, inflammatory, autoimmune and neurological disorders. Herein, we summarize the recent findings in the field of ADPr, which support the impact of this modification in human pathophysiology and highlight the curative potential of targeting ADPr for translational and molecular medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Palazzo
- Institute of Protein Biochemistry, National Research Council, Via Pietro Castellino 111, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Petra Mikolčević
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Andreja Mikoč
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK
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24
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Cho CC, Chien CY, Chiu YC, Lin MH, Hsu CH. Structural and biochemical evidence supporting poly ADP-ribosylation in the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. Nat Commun 2019; 10:1491. [PMID: 30940816 PMCID: PMC6445106 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-09153-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/20/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Poly-ADP-ribosylation, a post-translational modification involved in various cellular processes, is well characterized in eukaryotes but thought to be devoid in bacteria. Here, we solve crystal structures of ADP-ribose–bound poly(ADP-ribose)glycohydrolase from the radioresistant bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans (DrPARG), revealing a solvent-accessible 2’-hydroxy group of ADP-ribose, which suggests that DrPARG may possess endo-glycohydrolase activity toward poly-ADP-ribose (PAR). We confirm the existence of PAR in D. radiodurans and show that disruption of DrPARG expression causes accumulation of endogenous PAR and compromises recovery from UV radiation damage. Moreover, endogenous PAR levels in D. radiodurans are elevated after UV irradiation, indicating that PARylation may be involved in resistance to genotoxic stresses. These findings provide structural insights into a bacterial-type PARG and suggest the existence of a prokaryotic PARylation machinery that may be involved in stress responses. Poly-ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a well-known regulatory event in eukaryotes but has not yet been observed in bacteria. Here, the authors solve the structure of a bacterial PAR-glycohydrolase and provide evidence for a prokaryotic PARylation machinery involved in the response to genotoxic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Cheng Cho
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.,Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Yu Chien
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Chih Chiu
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Meng-Hsuan Lin
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Hua Hsu
- Genome and Systems Biology Degree Program, National Taiwan University and Academia Sinica, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan. .,Department of Agricultural Chemistry, National Taiwan University, Taipei, 10617, Taiwan.
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25
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Pillay N, Tighe A, Nelson L, Littler S, Coulson-Gilmer C, Bah N, Golder A, Bakker B, Spierings DCJ, James DI, Smith KM, Jordan AM, Morgan RD, Ogilvie DJ, Foijer F, Jackson DA, Taylor SS. DNA Replication Vulnerabilities Render Ovarian Cancer Cells Sensitive to Poly(ADP-Ribose) Glycohydrolase Inhibitors. Cancer Cell 2019; 35:519-533.e8. [PMID: 30889383 PMCID: PMC6428690 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2019.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 02/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Inhibitors of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) have demonstrated efficacy in women with BRCA-mutant ovarian cancer. However, only 15%-20% of ovarian cancers harbor BRCA mutations, therefore additional therapies are required. Here, we show that a subset of ovarian cancer cell lines and ex vivo models derived from patient biopsies are sensitive to a poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitor. Sensitivity is due to underlying DNA replication vulnerabilities that cause persistent fork stalling and replication catastrophe. PARG inhibition is synthetic lethal with inhibition of DNA replication factors, allowing additional models to be sensitized by CHK1 inhibitors. Because PARG and PARP inhibitor sensitivity are mutually exclusive, our observations demonstrate that PARG inhibitors have therapeutic potential to complement PARP inhibitor strategies in the treatment of ovarian cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisha Pillay
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anthony Tighe
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Louisa Nelson
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Samantha Littler
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Camilla Coulson-Gilmer
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Nourdine Bah
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Anya Golder
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK
| | - Bjorn Bakker
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Diana C J Spierings
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dominic I James
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Kate M Smith
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Robert D Morgan
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK; The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, UK
| | - Floris Foijer
- European Research Institute for the Biology of Ageing (ERIBA), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, 9713 AV Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dean A Jackson
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Function, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Michael Smith Building, Oxford Road, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - Stephen S Taylor
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Cancer Research Centre, 555 Wilmslow Road, Manchester M20 4GJ, UK.
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26
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Drown BS, Shirai T, Rack JGM, Ahel I, Hergenrother PJ. Monitoring Poly(ADP-ribosyl)glycohydrolase Activity with a Continuous Fluorescent Substrate. Cell Chem Biol 2018; 25:1562-1570.e19. [PMID: 30318463 PMCID: PMC6309520 DOI: 10.1016/j.chembiol.2018.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The post-translational modification (PTM) and signaling molecule poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) has an impact on diverse biological processes. This PTM is regulated by a series of ADP-ribosyl glycohydrolases (PARG enzymes) that cleave polymers and/or liberate monomers from their protein targets. Existing methods for monitoring these hydrolases rely on detection of the natural substrate, PAR, commonly achieved via radioisotopic labeling. Here we disclose a general substrate for monitoring PARG activity, TFMU-ADPr, which directly reports on total PAR hydrolase activity via release of a fluorophore; this substrate has excellent reactivity, generality (processed by the major PARG enzymes), stability, and usability. A second substrate, TFMU-IDPr, selectively reports on PARG activity only from the enzyme ARH3. Use of these probes in whole-cell lysate experiments has revealed a mechanism by which ARH3 is inhibited by cholera toxin. TFMU-ADPr and TFMU-IDPr are versatile tools for assessing small-molecule inhibitors in vitro and probing the regulation of ADP-ribosyl catabolic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bryon S Drown
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 261 Roger Adams Lab Box 36-5, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Tomohiro Shirai
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 261 Roger Adams Lab Box 36-5, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | | | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Paul J Hergenrother
- Department of Chemistry and Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 261 Roger Adams Lab Box 36-5, 600 S. Mathews Avenue, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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27
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Waszkowycz B, Smith KM, McGonagle AE, Jordan AM, Acton B, Fairweather EE, Griffiths LA, Hamilton NM, Hamilton NS, Hitchin JR, Hutton CP, James DI, Jones CD, Jones S, Mould DP, Small HF, Stowell AIJ, Tucker JA, Waddell ID, Ogilvie DJ. Cell-Active Small Molecule Inhibitors of the DNA-Damage Repair Enzyme Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase (PARG): Discovery and Optimization of Orally Bioavailable Quinazolinedione Sulfonamides. J Med Chem 2018; 61:10767-10792. [PMID: 30403352 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.8b01407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
DNA damage repair enzymes are promising targets in the development of new therapeutic agents for a wide range of cancers and potentially other diseases. The enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) plays a pivotal role in the regulation of DNA repair mechanisms; however, the lack of potent drug-like inhibitors for use in cellular and in vivo models has limited the investigation of its potential as a novel therapeutic target. Using the crystal structure of human PARG in complex with the weakly active and cytotoxic anthraquinone 8a, novel quinazolinedione sulfonamides PARG inhibitors have been identified by means of structure-based virtual screening and library design. 1-Oxetan-3-ylmethyl derivatives 33d and 35d were selected for preliminary investigations in vivo. X-ray crystal structures help rationalize the observed structure-activity relationships of these novel inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bohdan Waszkowycz
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Kate M Smith
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Alison E McGonagle
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Ben Acton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Emma E Fairweather
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Louise A Griffiths
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Niall M Hamilton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Nicola S Hamilton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - James R Hitchin
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Colin P Hutton
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Dominic I James
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Clifford D Jones
- Oncology Innovative Medicines Unit , AstraZeneca , Alderley Park , Macclesfield Cheshire SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Stuart Jones
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Daniel P Mould
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Helen F Small
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Alexandra I J Stowell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Julie A Tucker
- Structure and Biophysics, Discovery Sciences , AstraZeneca , Alderley Park , Macclesfield , Cheshire SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Ian D Waddell
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute , The University of Manchester , Alderley Park , Maccelsfield SK10 4TG , U.K
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28
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Bartlett E, Bonfiglio JJ, Prokhorova E, Colby T, Zobel F, Ahel I, Matic I. Interplay of Histone Marks with Serine ADP-Ribosylation. Cell Rep 2018; 24:3488-3502.e5. [PMID: 30257210 PMCID: PMC6172693 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.08.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 08/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Serine ADP-ribosylation (Ser-ADPr) is a recently discovered protein modification that is catalyzed by PARP1 and PARP2 when in complex with the eponymous histone PARylation factor 1 (HPF1). In addition to numerous other targets, core histone tails are primary acceptors of Ser-ADPr in the DNA damage response. Here, we show that specific canonical histone marks interfere with Ser-ADPr of neighboring residues and vice versa. Most notably, acetylation, but not methylation of H3K9, is mutually exclusive with ADPr of H3S10 in vitro and in vivo. We also broaden the O-linked ADPr spectrum by providing evidence for tyrosine ADPr on HPF1 and other proteins. Finally, we facilitate wider investigations into the interplay of histone marks with Ser-ADPr by introducing a simple approach for profiling posttranslationally modified peptides. Our findings implicate Ser-ADPr as a dynamic addition to the complex interplay of modifications that shape the histone code.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward Bartlett
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Juan José Bonfiglio
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Evgeniia Prokhorova
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Thomas Colby
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, Cologne 50931, Germany
| | - Florian Zobel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
| | - Ivan Matic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Joseph-Stelzmann-Strasse 9b, Cologne 50931, Germany.
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29
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30
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Crawford K, Bonfiglio JJ, Mikoč A, Matic I, Ahel I. Specificity of reversible ADP-ribosylation and regulation of cellular processes. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 53:64-82. [PMID: 29098880 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2017.1394265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2017] [Revised: 10/12/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Proper and timely regulation of cellular processes is fundamental to the overall health and viability of organisms across all kingdoms of life. Thus, organisms have evolved multiple highly dynamic and complex biochemical signaling cascades in order to adapt and survive diverse challenges. One such method of conferring rapid adaptation is the addition or removal of reversible modifications of different chemical groups onto macromolecules which in turn induce the appropriate downstream outcome. ADP-ribosylation, the addition of ADP-ribose (ADPr) groups, represents one of these highly conserved signaling chemicals. Herein we outline the writers, erasers and readers of ADP-ribosylation and dip into the multitude of cellular processes they have been implicated in. We also review what we currently know on how specificity of activity is ensured for this important modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerryanne Crawford
- a Sir William Dunn School of Pathology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
| | | | - Andreja Mikoč
- c Division of Molecular Biology , Ruđer Bošković Institute , Zagreb , Croatia
| | - Ivan Matic
- b Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing , Cologne , Germany
| | - Ivan Ahel
- a Sir William Dunn School of Pathology , University of Oxford , Oxford , UK
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31
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik Gilberg
- Department
of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology
and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Dahlmannstr. 2, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Gütschow
- Pharmaceutical
Institute, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, An der Immenburg 4, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jürgen Bajorath
- Department
of Life Science Informatics, B-IT, LIMES Program Unit Chemical Biology
and Medicinal Chemistry, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität, Dahlmannstr. 2, D-53113 Bonn, Germany
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32
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Ekblad T, Verheugd P, Lindgren AE, Nyman T, Elofsson M, Schüler H. Identification of Poly(ADP-Ribose) Polymerase Macrodomain Inhibitors Using an AlphaScreen Protocol. SLAS Discov 2018; 23:353-362. [PMID: 29316839 DOI: 10.1177/2472555217750870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Macrodomains recognize intracellular adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribosylation resulting in either removal of the modification or a protein interaction event. Research into compounds that modulate macrodomain functions could make important contributions. We investigated the interactions of all seven individual macrodomains of the human poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) family members PARP9, PARP14, and PARP15 with five mono-ADP-ribosylated (automodified) ADP-ribosyltransferase domains using an AlphaScreen assay. Several mono-ADP-ribosylation-dependent interactions were identified, and they were found to be in the micromolar affinity range using surface plasmon resonance (SPR). We then focused on the interaction between PARP14 macrodomain-2 and the mono-ADP-ribosylated PARP10 catalytic domain, and probed a ~1500-compound diverse library for inhibitors of this interaction using AlphaScreen. Initial hit compounds were verified by concentration-response experiments using AlphaScreen and SPR, and they were tested against PARP14 macrodomain-2 and -3. Two initial hit compounds and one chemical analog each were further characterized using SPR and microscale thermophoresis. In conclusion, our results reveal novel macrodomain interactions and establish protocols for identification of inhibitors of such interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Torun Ekblad
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Present addresses: For TE, Mabtech AB, 131 52 Nacka Strand, Sweden; for PV, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Verheugd
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Present addresses: For TE, Mabtech AB, 131 52 Nacka Strand, Sweden; for PV, Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University, 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | | | - Tomas Nyman
- 3 Protein Science Facility, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Herwig Schüler
- 1 Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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33
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Lüscher B, Bütepage M, Eckei L, Krieg S, Verheugd P, Shilton BH. ADP-Ribosylation, a Multifaceted Posttranslational Modification Involved in the Control of Cell Physiology in Health and Disease. Chem Rev 2017; 118:1092-1136. [PMID: 29172462 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 163] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Posttranslational modifications (PTMs) regulate protein functions and interactions. ADP-ribosylation is a PTM, in which ADP-ribosyltransferases use nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) to modify target proteins with ADP-ribose. This modification can occur as mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation. The latter involves the synthesis of long ADP-ribose chains that have specific properties due to the nature of the polymer. ADP-Ribosylation is reversed by hydrolases that cleave the glycosidic bonds either between ADP-ribose units or between the protein proximal ADP-ribose and a given amino acid side chain. Here we discuss the properties of the different enzymes associated with ADP-ribosylation and the consequences of this PTM on substrates. Furthermore, the different domains that interpret either mono- or poly-ADP-ribosylation and the implications for cellular processes are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernhard Lüscher
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Mareike Bütepage
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Laura Eckei
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Sarah Krieg
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Patricia Verheugd
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany
| | - Brian H Shilton
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Medical School, RWTH Aachen University , 52057 Aachen, Germany.,Department of Biochemistry, Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario , Medical Sciences Building Room 332, London, Ontario Canada N6A 5C1
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34
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Abstract
ADP-ribosylation (ADPr) is a posttranslational modification (PTM) of proteins that controls many cellular processes, including DNA repair, transcription, chromatin regulation and mitosis. A number of proteins catalyse the transfer and hydrolysis of ADPr, and also specify how and when the modification is conjugated to the targets. We recently discovered a new form of ADPr that is attached to serine residues in target proteins (Ser-ADPr) and showed that this PTM is specifically made by PARP1/HPF1 and PARP2/HPF1 complexes. In this work, we found by quantitative proteomics that histone Ser-ADPr is reversible in cells during response to DNA damage. By screening for the hydrolase that is responsible for the reversal of Ser-ADPr, we identified ARH3/ADPRHL2 as capable of efficiently and specifically removing Ser-ADPr of histones and other proteins. We further showed that Ser-ADPr is a major PTM in cells after DNA damage and that this signalling is dependent on ARH3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pietro Fontana
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Luca Palazzo
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Edward Bartlett
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Ivan Matic
- Max Planck Institute for Biology of Ageing, Cologne, Germany
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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35
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James DI, Smith KM, Jordan AM, Fairweather EE, Griffiths LA, Hamilton NS, Hitchin JR, Hutton CP, Jones S, Kelly P, McGonagle AE, Small H, Stowell AIJ, Tucker J, Waddell ID, Waszkowycz B, Ogilvie DJ. First-in-Class Chemical Probes against Poly(ADP-ribose) Glycohydrolase (PARG) Inhibit DNA Repair with Differential Pharmacology to Olaparib. ACS Chem Biol 2016; 11:3179-3190. [PMID: 27689388 DOI: 10.1021/acschembio.6b00609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The enzyme poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) performs a critical role in the repair of DNA single strand breaks (SSBs). However, a detailed understanding of its mechanism of action has been hampered by a lack of credible, cell-active chemical probes. Herein, we demonstrate inhibition of PARG with a small molecule, leading to poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) chain persistence in intact cells. Moreover, we describe two advanced, and chemically distinct, cell-active tool compounds with convincing on-target pharmacology and selectivity. Using one of these tool compounds, we demonstrate pharmacology consistent with PARG inhibition. Further, while the roles of PARG and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) are closely intertwined, we demonstrate that the pharmacology of a PARG inhibitor differs from that observed with the more thoroughly studied PARP inhibitor olaparib. We believe that these tools will facilitate a wider understanding of this important component of DNA repair and may enable the development of novel therapeutic agents exploiting the critical dependence of tumors on the DNA damage response (DDR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic I James
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Kate M Smith
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Allan M Jordan
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Emma E Fairweather
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Louise A Griffiths
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola S Hamilton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - James R Hitchin
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Colin P Hutton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Stuart Jones
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Kelly
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Alison E McGonagle
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Helen Small
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Alexandra I J Stowell
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Julie Tucker
- Structure and Biophysics, Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire SK10 4TG, United Kingdom
| | - Ian D Waddell
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Bohdan Waszkowycz
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
| | - Donald J Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester , Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4BX, United Kingdom
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Schuhwerk H, Atteya R, Siniuk K, Wang ZQ. PARPing for balance in the homeostasis of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 63:81-91. [PMID: 27664469 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.09.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 09/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite more than 50 years of research, the vast majority of the biology of poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation) still remains a gross mystery. Originally described to be a part of the DNA repair machinery, poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) is synthesized immediately by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs, also known as ARTDs) upon DNA damage and then rapidly removed by degrading enzymes. PAR provides a delicate and spatiotemporal interaction scaffold for numerous target proteins. Thus, the multifaceted PARylation system, consisting of PAR itself and its synthesizers and erasers, plays diverse roles in the DNA damage response (DDR), in DNA repair, transcription, replication, chromatin remodelling, metabolism and cell death. In this review, we summarize the current understanding of the biology of PARylation, focusing on the functionality and the activities of the PARPs' founding member PARP1/ARTD1, which is modulated by a variety of posttranslational modifications. We also discuss the homeostasis of PAR - a process which is maintained by the balance of PAR synthesizers and erasers. We aim to sensitize the scientific community to the complexity of PAR homeostasis. Finally, we provide some perspective on how future research could try to disentangle the biology of PARylation - perhaps the most sophisticated, but still intricate posttranslational modification described to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Schuhwerk
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Reham Atteya
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Kanstantsin Siniuk
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Zhao-Qi Wang
- Leibniz Institute on Aging - Fritz-Lipmann Institute (FLI), Beutenbergstr. 11, 07745 Jena, Germany; Faculty of Biology and Pharmacy, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Fürstengraben 1, 07743 Jena, Germany.
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Alemasova EE, Moor NA, Naumenko KN, Kutuzov MM, Sukhanova MV, Pestryakov PE, Lavrik OI. Y-box-binding protein 1 as a non-canonical factor of base excision repair. Biochim Biophys Acta 2016; 1864:1631-40. [PMID: 27544639 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbapap.2016.08.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2016] [Revised: 07/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Base excision repair (BER) is a flagship DNA repair system responsible for maintaining genome integrity. Apart from basal enzymes, this system involves several accessory factors essential for coordination and regulation of DNA processing during substrate channeling. Y-box-binding protein 1 (YB-1), a multifunctional factor that can interact with DNA, RNA, poly(ADP-ribose) and plenty of proteins including DNA repair enzymes, is increasingly considered as a non-canonical protein of BER. Here we provide quantitative characterization of YB-1 physical interactions with key BER factors such as PARP1, PARP2, APE1, NEIL1 and pol β and comparison of the full-length YB-1 and its C-terminally truncated nuclear form in regard to their binding affinities for BER proteins. Data on functional interactions reveal strong stimulation of PARP1 autopoly(ADP-ribosyl)ation and inhibition of poly(ADP-ribose) degradation by PARG in the presence of YB-1. Moreover, YB-1 is shown to stimulate AP lyase activity of NEIL1 and to inhibit dRP lyase activity of pol β on model DNA duplex structure. We also demonstrate for the first time YB-1 poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation in the presence of RNA.
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Wei H, Yu X. Functions of PARylation in DNA Damage Repair Pathways. Genomics Proteomics Bioinformatics 2016; 14:131-139. [PMID: 27240471 PMCID: PMC4936651 DOI: 10.1016/j.gpb.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 195] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Protein poly ADP-ribosylation (PARylation) is a widespread post-translational modification at DNA lesions, which is catalyzed by poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). This modification regulates a number of biological processes including chromatin reorganization, DNA damage response (DDR), transcriptional regulation, apoptosis, and mitosis. PARP1, functioning as a DNA damage sensor, can be activated by DNA lesions, forming PAR chains that serve as a docking platform for DNA repair factors with high biochemical complexity. Here, we highlight molecular insights into PARylation recognition, the expanding role of PARylation in DDR pathways, and the functional interaction between PARylation and ubiquitination, which will offer us a better understanding of the biological roles of this unique post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Wei
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, MOE Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Xiaochun Yu
- Department of Cancer Genetics and Epigenetics, Beckman Research Institute, City of Hope Medical Center, Duarte, CA 91010, USA.
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James DI, Durant S, Eckersley K, Fairweather E, Griffiths LA, Hamilton N, Kelly P, O'Connor M, Shea K, Waddell ID, Ogilvie DJ. An assay to measure poly(ADP ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) activity in cells. F1000Res 2016; 5:736. [PMID: 27610220 PMCID: PMC4995692 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8463.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
After a DNA damage signal multiple polymers of ADP ribose attached to poly(ADP) ribose (PAR) polymerases (PARPs) are broken down by the enzyme poly(ADP) ribose glycohydrolase (PARG). Inhibition of PARG leads to a failure of DNA repair and small molecule inhibition of PARG has been a goal for many years. To determine whether biochemical inhibitors of PARG are active in cells we have designed an immunofluorescence assay to detect nuclear PAR after DNA damage. This 384-well assay is suitable for medium throughput high-content screening and can detect cell-permeable inhibitors of PARG from nM to µM potency. In addition, the assay has been shown to work in murine cells and in a variety of human cancer cells. Furthermore, the assay is suitable for detecting the DNA damage response induced by treatment with temozolomide and methylmethane sulfonate (MMS). Lastly, the assay has been shown to be robust over a period of several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic I. James
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Durant
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Kay Eckersley
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Emma Fairweather
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise A. Griffiths
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicola Hamilton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark O'Connor
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Kerry Shea
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Ian D. Waddell
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Donald J. Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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James DI, Durant S, Eckersley K, Fairweather E, Griffiths LA, Hamilton N, Kelly P, O'Connor M, Shea K, Waddell ID, Ogilvie DJ. An assay to measure poly(ADP ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) activity in cells. F1000Res 2016; 5:736. [PMID: 27610220 PMCID: PMC4995692 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.8463.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
After a DNA damage signal multiple polymers of ADP ribose attached to poly(ADP) ribose (PAR) polymerases (PARPs) are broken down by the enzyme poly(ADP) ribose glycohydrolase (PARG). Inhibition of PARG leads to a failure of DNA repair and small molecule inhibition of PARG has been a goal for many years. To determine whether biochemical inhibitors of PARG are active in cells we have designed an immunofluorescence assay to detect nuclear PAR after DNA damage. This 384-well assay is suitable for medium throughput high-content screening and can detect cell-permeable inhibitors of PARG from nM to µM potency. In addition, the assay has been shown to work in murine cells and in a variety of human cancer cells. Furthermore, the assay is suitable for detecting the DNA damage response induced by treatment with temozolomide and methylmethane sulfonate (MMS). Lastly, the assay has been shown to be robust over a period of several years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic I. James
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Stephen Durant
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Kay Eckersley
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Emma Fairweather
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Louise A. Griffiths
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Nicola Hamilton
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Paul Kelly
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Mark O'Connor
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Kerry Shea
- Oncology iMED, AstraZeneca Pharmaceuticals, Macclesfield, UK
| | - Ian D. Waddell
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Donald J. Ogilvie
- Drug Discovery Unit, Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
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Abstract
Recent developments indicate that macrodomains, an ancient and diverse protein domain family, are key players in the recognition, interpretation, and turnover of ADP-ribose (ADPr) signaling. Crucial to this is the ability of macrodomains to recognize ADPr either directly, in the form of a metabolic derivative, or as a modification covalently bound to proteins. Thus, macrodomains regulate a wide variety of cellular and organismal processes, including DNA damage repair, signal transduction, and immune response. Their importance is further indicated by the fact that dysregulation or mutation of a macrodomain is associated with several diseases, including cancer, developmental defects, and neurodegeneration. In this review, we summarize the current insights into macrodomain evolution and how this evolution influenced their structural and functional diversification. We highlight some aspects of macrodomain roles in pathobiology as well as their emerging potential as therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dragutin Perina
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10002, Croatia;
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3RE, United Kingdom; ,
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Teloni F, Altmeyer M. Readers of poly(ADP-ribose): designed to be fit for purpose. Nucleic Acids Res 2015; 44:993-1006. [PMID: 26673700 PMCID: PMC4756826 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkv1383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 179] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Post-translational modifications (PTMs) regulate many aspects of protein function and are indispensable for the spatio-temporal regulation of cellular processes. The proteome-wide identification of PTM targets has made significant progress in recent years, as has the characterization of their writers, readers, modifiers and erasers. One of the most elusive PTMs is poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation (PARylation), a nucleic acid-like PTM involved in chromatin dynamics, genome stability maintenance, transcription, cell metabolism and development. In this article, we provide an overview on our current understanding of the writers of this modification and their targets, as well as the enzymes that degrade and thereby modify and erase poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR). Since many cellular functions of PARylation are exerted through dynamic interactions of PAR-binding proteins with PAR, we discuss the readers of this modification and provide a synthesis of recent findings, which suggest that multiple structurally highly diverse reader modules, ranging from completely folded PAR-binding domains to intrinsically disordered sequence stretches, evolved as PAR effectors to carry out specific cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Teloni
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Altmeyer
- Institute of Veterinary Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland
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Alemasova EE, Pestryakov PE, Sukhanova MV, Kretov DA, Moor NA, Curmi PA, Ovchinnikov LP, Lavrik OI. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation as a new posttranslational modification of YB-1. Biochimie 2015; 119:36-44. [PMID: 26453809 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2015.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Multifunctional Y-box binding protein 1 (YB-1) is actively studied as one of the components of cellular response to genotoxic stress. However, the precise role of YB-1 in the process of DNA repair is still obscure. In the present work we report for the first time new posttranslational modification of YB-1 - poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation, catalyzed by one of the main regulatory enzymes of DNA repair - poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase 1 (PARP1) in the presence of model DNA substrate carrying multiple DNA lesions. Therefore, poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation of YB-1 catalyzed with PARP1, can be stimulated by damaged DNA. The observed property of YB-1 underlines its ability to participate in the DNA repair by its involvement in the regulatory cascades of DNA repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizaveta E Alemasova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Pavel E Pestryakov
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Maria V Sukhanova
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Dmitry A Kretov
- Institute of Protein Research, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 829, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Evry, 91025, France
| | - Nina A Moor
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Patrick A Curmi
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), UMR 829, Université d'Evry Val d'Essonne, Laboratoire Structure-Activité des Biomolécules Normales et Pathologiques, Evry, 91025, France
| | - Lev P Ovchinnikov
- Institute of Protein Research, RAS, Pushchino, Moscow Region, 142290, Russia
| | - Olga I Lavrik
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia; Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
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Belaz S, Rattier T, Lafite P, Moreau P, Routier FH, Robert-gangneux F, Gangneux J, Daniellou R. Identification, biochemical characterization, and in-vivo expression of the intracellular invertase BfrA from the pathogenic parasite Leishmania major. Carbohydr Res 2015; 415:31-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2015.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 07/10/2015] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Barkauskaite E, Jankevicius G, Ahel I. Structures and Mechanisms of Enzymes Employed in the Synthesis and Degradation of PARP-Dependent Protein ADP-Ribosylation. Mol Cell 2015; 58:935-46. [PMID: 26091342 DOI: 10.1016/j.molcel.2015.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 186] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) are a major family of enzymes capable of modifying proteins by ADP-ribosylation. Due to the large size and diversity of this family, PARPs affect almost every aspect of cellular life and have fundamental roles in DNA repair, transcription, heat shock and cytoplasmic stress responses, cell division, protein degradation, and much more. In the past decade, our understanding of the PARP enzymatic mechanism and activation, as well as regulation of ADP-ribosylation signals by the readers and erasers of protein ADP-ribosylation, has been significantly advanced by the emergence of new structural data, reviewed herein, which allow for better understanding of the biological roles of this widespread post-translational modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Barkauskaite
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK
| | - Gytis Jankevicius
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, OX1 3RE Oxford, UK.
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Abstract
Several cellular signaling pathways are regulated by ADP-ribosylation, a posttranslational modification catalyzed by members of the ARTD superfamily. Tankyrases are distinguishable from the rest of this family by their unique domain organization, notably the sterile alpha motif responsible for oligomerization and ankyrin repeats mediating protein-protein interactions. Tankyrases are involved in various cellular functions, such as telomere homeostasis, Wnt/β-catenin signaling, glucose metabolism, and cell cycle progression. In these processes, Tankyrases regulate the interactions and stability of target proteins by poly (ADP-ribosyl)ation. Modified proteins are subsequently recognized by the E3 ubiquitin ligase RNF146, poly-ubiquitinated and predominantly guided to 26S proteasomal degradation. Several small molecule inhibitors have been described for Tankyrases; they compete with the co-substrate NAD+ for binding to the ARTD catalytic domain. The recent, highly potent and selective inhibitors possess several properties of lead compounds and can be used for proof-of-concept studies in cancer and other Tankyrase linked diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lari Lehtio
- SFI-CAST Biomedical Innovation Center, Unit for Cell Signaling, Oslo University Hospital, Forskningsparken, Gaustadalleen 21, 0349, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
Human cells respond to DNA damage with an acute and transient burst in production of poly(ADP-ribose), a posttranslational modification that expedites damage repair and plays a pivotal role in cell fate decisions. Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs) and glycohydrolase (PARG) are the key set of enzymes that orchestrate the rise and fall in cellular levels of poly(ADP-ribose). In this perspective, we focus on recent structural and mechanistic insights into the enzymes involved in poly(ADP-ribose) production and turnover, and we highlight important questions that remain to be answered.
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48
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Li MMH, MacDonald MR, Rice CM. To translate, or not to translate: viral and host mRNA regulation by interferon-stimulated genes. Trends Cell Biol 2015; 25:320-9. [PMID: 25748385 PMCID: PMC4441850 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcb.2015.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2014] [Revised: 01/28/2015] [Accepted: 02/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Translational regulation of viral and host mRNA is an important function of a subset of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). These ISGs repress translation through binding to viral RNA, direct interaction with, or perturbation of the translation machinery components. Several ISGs localize to cytoplasmic granules such as stress granules (SGs) and processing bodies (PBs), and interfere with the processing or function of microRNAs (miRNAs).
Type I interferon (IFN) is one of the first lines of cellular defense against viral pathogens. As a result of IFN signaling, a wide array of IFN-stimulated gene (ISG) products is upregulated to target different stages of the viral life cycle. We review recent findings implicating a subset of ISGs in translational regulation of viral and host mRNAs. Translation inhibition is mediated either by binding to viral RNA or by disrupting physiological interactions or levels of the translation complex components. In addition, many of these ISGs localize to translationally silent cytoplasmic granules, such as stress granules and processing bodies, and intersect with the microRNA (miRNA)-mediated silencing pathway to regulate translation of cellular mRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melody M H Li
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA.
| | - Margaret R MacDonald
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Charles M Rice
- Laboratory of Virology and Infectious Disease, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, USA
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Perina D, Mikoč A, Ahel J, Ćetković H, Žaja R, Ahel I. Distribution of protein poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation systems across all domains of life. DNA Repair (Amst) 2014; 23:4-16. [PMID: 24865146 PMCID: PMC4245714 DOI: 10.1016/j.dnarep.2014.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2014] [Revised: 04/04/2014] [Accepted: 05/06/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is a post-translational modification of proteins involved in regulation of many cellular pathways. Poly(ADP-ribose) (PAR) consists of chains of repeating ADP-ribose nucleotide units and is synthesized by the family of enzymes called poly(ADP-ribose) polymerases (PARPs). This modification can be removed by the hydrolytic action of poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) and ADP-ribosylhydrolase 3 (ARH3). Hydrolytic activity of macrodomain proteins (MacroD1, MacroD2 and TARG1) is responsible for the removal of terminal ADP-ribose unit and for complete reversion of protein ADP-ribosylation. Poly(ADP-ribosyl)ation is widely utilized in eukaryotes and PARPs are present in representatives from all six major eukaryotic supergroups, with only a small number of eukaryotic species that do not possess PARP genes. The last common ancestor of all eukaryotes possessed at least five types of PARP proteins that include both mono and poly(ADP-ribosyl) transferases. Distribution of PARGs strictly follows the distribution of PARP proteins in eukaryotic species. At least one of the macrodomain proteins that hydrolyse terminal ADP-ribose is also always present. Therefore, we can presume that the last common ancestor of all eukaryotes possessed a fully functional and reversible PAR metabolism and that PAR signalling provided the conditions essential for survival of the ancestral eukaryote in its ancient environment. PARP proteins are far less prevalent in bacteria and were probably gained through horizontal gene transfer. Only eleven bacterial species possess all proteins essential for a functional PAR metabolism, although it is not known whether PAR metabolism is truly functional in bacteria. Several dsDNA viruses also possess PARP homologues, while no PARP proteins have been identified in any archaeal genome. Our analysis of the distribution of enzymes involved in PAR metabolism provides insight into the evolution of these important signalling systems, as well as providing the basis for selection of the appropriate genetic model organisms to study the physiology of the specific human PARP proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dragutin Perina
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10002, Croatia
| | - Andreja Mikoč
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10002, Croatia
| | - Josip Ahel
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10002, Croatia
| | - Helena Ćetković
- Division of Molecular Biology, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10002, Croatia
| | - Roko Žaja
- Division for Marine and Environmental Research, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Zagreb 10002, Croatia; Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK
| | - Ivan Ahel
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3RE, UK.
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Islam R, Koizumi F, Kodera Y, Inoue K, Okawara T, Masutani M. Design and synthesis of phenolic hydrazide hydrazones as potent poly(ADP-ribose) glycohydrolase (PARG) inhibitors. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2014; 24:3802-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2014.06.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2014] [Revised: 06/18/2014] [Accepted: 06/21/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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