1
|
Han V, Reeder CP, Hernández-Morales M, Liu C. Any-nucleus distributed active programmable transmit coil. Magn Reson Med 2024; 92:389-405. [PMID: 38342981 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.30044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE There are 118 known elements. Nearly all of them have NMR active isotopes and at least 39 different nuclei have biological relevance. Despite this, most of today's MRI is based on only one nucleus-1H. To facilitate imaging all potential nuclei, we present a single transmit coil able to excite arbitrary nuclei in human-scale MRI. THEORY AND METHODS We present a completely new type of RF coil, the Any-nucleus Distributed Active Programmable Transmit Coil (ADAPT Coil), with fast switches integrated into the structure of the coil to allow it to operate at any relevant frequency. This coil eliminates the need for the expensive traditional RF amplifier by directly converting direct current (DC) power into RF magnetic fields with frequencies chosen by digital control signals sent to the switches. Semiconductor switch imperfections are overcome by segmenting the coil. RESULTS Circuit simulations demonstrated the effectiveness of the ADAPT Coil approach, and a 9 cm diameter surface ADAPT Coil was implemented. Using the ADAPT Coil, 1H, 23Na, 2H, and 13C phantom images were acquired, and 1H and 23Na ex vivo images were acquired. To excite different nuclei, only digital control signals were changed, which can be programmed in real time. CONCLUSION The ADAPT Coil presents a low-cost, scalable, and efficient method for exciting arbitrary nuclei in human-scale MRI. This coil concept provides further opportunities for scaling, programmability, lowering coil costs, lowering dead-time, streamlining multinuclear MRI workflows, and enabling the study of dozens of biologically relevant nuclei.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Han
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Charlie P Reeder
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Miriam Hernández-Morales
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Chunlei Liu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
- Helen Wills Neuroscience Institute, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Lysak DH, Bermel W, Moxley-Paquette V, Michal C, Ghosh-Biswas R, Soong R, Nashman B, Lacerda A, Simpson AJ. Cutting without a Knife: A Slice-Selective 2D 1H- 13C HSQC NMR Sequence for the Analysis of Inhomogeneous Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:14392-14401. [PMID: 37713676 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) is a powerful technique with applications ranging from small molecule structure elucidation to metabolomics studies of living organisms. Typically, solution-state NMR requires a homogeneous liquid, and the whole sample is analyzed as a single entity. While adequate for homogeneous samples, such an approach is limited if the composition varies as would be the case in samples that are naturally heterogeneous or layered. In complex samples such as living organisms, magnetic susceptibility distortions lead to broad 1H line shapes, and thus, the additional spectral dispersion afforded by 2D heteronuclear experiments is often required for metabolite discrimination. Here, a novel, slice-selective 2D, 1H-13C heteronuclear single quantum coherence (HSQC) sequence was developed that exclusively employs shaped pulses such that only spins in the desired volume are perturbed. In turn, this permits multiple volumes in the tube to be studied during a single relaxation delay, increasing sensitivity and throughput. The approach is first demonstrated on standards and then used to isolate specific sample/sensor elements from a microcoil array and finally study slices within a living earthworm, allowing metabolite changes to be discerned with feeding. Overall, slice-selective NMR is demonstrated to have significant potential for the study of layered and other inhomogeneous samples of varying complexity. In particular, its ability to select subelements is an important step toward developing microcoil receive-only arrays to study environmental toxicity in tiny eggs, cells, and neonates, whereas localization in larger living species could help better correlate toxin-induced biochemical responses to the physical localities or organs involved.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel H Lysak
- Environmental NMR Center, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Str. 23, 76275 Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Vincent Moxley-Paquette
- Environmental NMR Center, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Carl Michal
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of British Columbia, 6224 Agricultural Road, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z1, Canada
| | - Rajshree Ghosh-Biswas
- Environmental NMR Center, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ben Nashman
- Synex Medical, 2 Bloor Street E, Suite 310, Toronto, ON M4W 1A8,Canada
| | - Andressa Lacerda
- Synex Medical, 2 Bloor Street E, Suite 310, Toronto, ON M4W 1A8,Canada
| | - Andre J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, Department of Physical and Environmental Sciences, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Moxley-Paquette V, Lane D, Steiner K, Downey K, Costa PM, Lysak DH, Ronda K, Soong R, Zverev D, De Castro P, Frei T, Stuessi J, Al Adwan-Stojilkovic D, Graf S, Gloor S, Schmidig D, Kuemmerle R, Kuehn T, Busse F, Utz M, Lacerda A, Nashman B, Albert L, Anders J, Simpson AJ. Development of Low-Magnetic Susceptibility Microcoils via 5-Axis Machining for Analysis of Biological and Environmental Samples. Anal Chem 2023; 95:13932-13940. [PMID: 37676066 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.3c02437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
In environmental research, it is critical to understand how toxins impact invertebrate eggs and egg banks, which, due to their tiny size, are very challenging to study by conventional nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy. Microcoil technology has been extensively utilized to enhance the mass-sensitivity of NMR. In a previous study, 5-axis computer numerical control (CNC) micromilling (shown to be a viable alternative to traditional microcoil production methods) was used to create a prototype copper slotted-tube resonator (STR). Despite the excellent limit of detection (LOD) of the resonator, the quality of the line shape was very poor due to the magnetic susceptibility of the copper resonator itself. This is best solved using magnetic susceptibility-matched materials. In this study, approaches are investigated that improve the susceptibility while retaining the versatility of coil milling. One method involves machining STRs from various copper/aluminum alloys, while the other involves machining ones from an aluminum 2011 alloy and electroplating them with copper. In all cases, combining copper and aluminum to produce resonators resulted in improved line shape and SNR compared to pure copper resonators due to their reduced magnetic susceptibility. However, the copper-plated aluminum resonators showed optimal performance from the devices tested. The enhanced LOD of these STRs allowed for the first 1H-13C heteronuclear multiple quantum coherence (HMQC) of a single intact 13C-labeled Daphnia magna egg (∼4 μg total biomass). This is a key step toward future screening programs that aim to elucidate the toxic processes in aquatic eggs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Moxley-Paquette
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel Lane
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Katrina Steiner
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Katelyn Downey
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Peter M Costa
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel H Lysak
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Kiera Ronda
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Dimitri Zverev
- NSCNC Manufacturing LTD, 1515 Broadway Street Unit 607, Port Coquitlam, British Columbia V3C 6M2, Canada
| | - Peter De Castro
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Frei
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Stuessi
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Graf
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Simon Gloor
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schmidig
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Kuemmerle
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Till Kuehn
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Falko Busse
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - Andressa Lacerda
- Synex Medical, 2 Bloor Street E, Suite 310, Toronto, Ontario M4W 1A8Canada
| | - Ben Nashman
- Synex Medical, 2 Bloor Street E, Suite 310, Toronto, Ontario M4W 1A8Canada
| | - Larry Albert
- ACI Alloys, Inc, 1458 Seareel Place, San Jose, California 95131, United States
| | - Jens Anders
- Institute of Smart Sensors,University of Stuttgart, Pfaffenwaldring 47, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Peat G, Boaler PJ, Dickson CL, Lloyd-Jones GC, Uhrín D. SHARPER-DOSY: Sensitivity enhanced diffusion-ordered NMR spectroscopy. Nat Commun 2023; 14:4410. [PMID: 37479704 PMCID: PMC10361965 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-40130-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Since its discovery in mid-20th century, the sensitivity of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) has increased steadily, in part due to the design of new, sophisticated NMR experiments. Here we report on a liquid-state NMR methodology that significantly increases the sensitivity of diffusion coefficient measurements of pure compounds, allowing to estimate their sizes using a much reduced amount of material. In this method, the diffusion coefficients are being measured by analysing narrow and intense singlets, which are invariant to magnetic field inhomogeneities. The singlets are obtained through signal acquisition embedded in short (<0.5 ms) spin-echo intervals separated by non-selective 180° or 90° pulses, suppressing the chemical shift evolution of resonances and their splitting due to J couplings. The achieved 10-100 sensitivity enhancement results in a 100-10000-fold time saving. Using high field cryoprobe NMR spectrometers, this makes it possible to measure a diffusion coefficient of a medium-size organic molecule in a matter of minutes with as little as a few hundred nanograms of material.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- George Peat
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Patrick J Boaler
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Claire L Dickson
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
- Oxford Instruments, Halifax Road, High Wycombe, HP12 3SE2, UK
| | - Guy C Lloyd-Jones
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK
| | - Dušan Uhrín
- EaStCHEM School of Chemistry, University of Edinburgh, David Brewster Rd, Edinburgh, EH9 3FJ, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Gomez MV, Baas S, Velders AH. Multinuclear 1D and 2D NMR with 19F-Photo-CIDNP hyperpolarization in a microfluidic chip with untuned microcoil. Nat Commun 2023; 14:3885. [PMID: 37391397 PMCID: PMC10313780 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-39537-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 07/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a most powerful molecular characterization and quantification technique, yet two major persistent factors limit its more wide-spread applications: poor sensitivity, and intricate complex and expensive hardware required for sophisticated experiments. Here we show NMR with a single planar-spiral microcoil in an untuned circuit with hyperpolarization option and capability to execute complex experiments addressing simultaneously up to three different nuclides. A microfluidic NMR-chip in which the 25 nL detection volume can be efficiently illuminated with laser-diode light enhances the sensitivity by orders of magnitude via photochemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization (photo-CIDNP), allowing rapid detection of samples in the lower picomole range (normalized limit of detection at 600 MHz, nLODf,600, of 0.01 nmol Hz1/2). The chip is equipped with a single planar microcoil operating in an untuned circuit that allows different Larmor frequencies to be addressed simultaneously, permitting advanced hetero-, di- and trinuclear, 1D and 2D NMR experiments. Here we show NMR chips with photo-CIDNP and broadband capabilities addressing two of the major limiting factors of NMR, by enhancing sensitivity as well as reducing cost and hardware complexity; the performance is compared to state-of-the-art instruments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Gomez
- IRICA, Department of Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Av. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
| | - Sander Baas
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University, 6700 EK, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldrik H Velders
- IRICA, Department of Inorganic, Organic and Biochemistry, Faculty of Chemical Sciences and Technologies, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM), Av. Camilo José Cela 10, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University, 6700 EK, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Jenne A, von der Ecken S, Moxley-Paquette V, Soong R, Swyer I, Bastawrous M, Busse F, Bermel W, Schmidig D, Kuehn T, Kuemmerle R, Al Adwan-Stojilkovic D, Graf S, Frei T, Monette M, Wheeler AR, Simpson AJ. Integrated Digital Microfluidics NMR Spectroscopy: A Key Step toward Automated In Vivo Metabolomics. Anal Chem 2023; 95:5858-5866. [PMID: 36996326 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c04201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Toxicity testing is currently undergoing a paradigm shift from examining apical end points such as death, to monitoring sub-lethal toxicity in vivo. In vivo nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a key platform in this endeavor. A proof-of-principle study is presented which directly interfaces NMR with digital microfluidics (DMF). DMF is a "lab on a chip" method allowing for the movement, mixing, splitting, and dispensing of μL-sized droplets. The goal is for DMF to supply oxygenated water to keep the organisms alive while NMR detects metabolomic changes. Here, both vertical and horizontal NMR coil configurations are compared. While a horizontal configuration is ideal for DMF, NMR performance was found to be sub-par and instead, a vertical-optimized single-sided stripline showed most promise. In this configuration, three organisms were monitored in vivo using 1H-13C 2D NMR. Without support from DMF droplet exchange, the organisms quickly showed signs of anoxic stress; however, with droplet exchange, this was completely suppressed. The results demonstrate that DMF can be used to maintain living organisms and holds potential for automated exposures in future. However, due to numerous limitations of vertically orientated DMF, along with space limitations in standard bore NMR spectrometers, we recommend future development be performed using a horizontal (MRI style) magnet which would eliminate practically all the drawbacks identified here.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amy Jenne
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80. St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Sebastian von der Ecken
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80. St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Nicoya, B-29 King Street East, Kitchener, Ontario N2G 2K4, Canada
| | - Vincent Moxley-Paquette
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ian Swyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80. St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Monica Bastawrous
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Falko Busse
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Str. 23, 76275 Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker BioSpin GmbH, Rudolf-Plank-Str. 23, 76275 Ettlingen, Germany
| | - Daniel Schmidig
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Till Kuehn
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Kuemmerle
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Graf
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Frei
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Martine Monette
- Bruker Canada Ltd., 2800 High Point Drive, Milton, Ontario L9T 6P4, Canada
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80. St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3E1, Canada
- Institute for Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Andre J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80. St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 3H6, Canada
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Scarborough, Ontario M1C 1A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Li Z, Bao Q, Liu C, Li Y, Yang Y, Liu M. Recent advances in microfluidics-based bioNMR analysis. LAB ON A CHIP 2023; 23:1213-1225. [PMID: 36651305 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00876a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has been used in a variety of fields due to its powerful analytical capability. To facilitate biochemical NMR (bioNMR) analysis for samples with a limited mass, a number of integrated systems have been developed by coupling microfluidics and NMR. However, there are few review papers that summarize the recent advances in the development of microfluidics-based NMR (μNMR) systems. Herein, we review the advancements in μNMR systems built on high-field commercial instruments and low-field compact platforms. Specifically, μNMR platforms with three types of typical microcoils settled in the high-field NMR instruments will be discussed, followed by summarizing compact NMR systems and their applications in biomedical point-of-care testing. Finally, a conclusion and future prospects in the field of μNMR were given.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Qingjia Bao
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Chaoyang Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Ying Li
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Yunhuang Yang
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| | - Maili Liu
- Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance in Biological Systems, State Key Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance and Atomic and Molecular Physics, National Center for Magnetic Resonance in Wuhan, Wuhan Institute of Physics and Mathematics, Innovation Academy for Precision Measurement Science and Technology-Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 10049, China
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pillai MS, Paritala ST, Shah RP, Sharma N, Sengupta P. Cutting-edge strategies and critical advancements in characterization and quantification of metabolites concerning translational metabolomics. Drug Metab Rev 2022; 54:401-426. [PMID: 36351878 DOI: 10.1080/03602532.2022.2125987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Despite remarkable progress in drug discovery strategies, significant challenges are still remaining in translating new insights into clinical applications. Scientists are devising creative approaches to bridge the gap between scientific and translational research. Metabolomics is a unique field among other omics techniques for identifying novel metabolites and biomarkers. Fortunately, characterization and quantification of metabolites are becoming faster due to the progress in the field of orthogonal analytical techniques. This review detailed the advancement in the progress of sample preparation, and data processing techniques including data mining tools, database, and their quality control (QC). Advances in data processing tools make it easier to acquire unbiased data that includes a diverse set of metabolites. In addition, novel breakthroughs including, miniaturization as well as their integration with other devices, metabolite array technology, and crystalline sponge-based method have led to faster, more efficient, cost-effective, and holistic metabolomic analysis. The use of cutting-edge techniques to identify the human metabolite, including biomarkers has proven to be advantageous in terms of early disease identification, tracking the progression of illness, and possibility of personalized treatments. This review addressed the constraints of current metabolomics research, which are impeding the facilitation of translation of research from bench to bedside. Nevertheless, the possible way out from such constraints and future direction of translational metabolomics has been conferred.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Megha Sajakumar Pillai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Sree Teja Paritala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Ravi P Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Nitish Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| | - Pinaki Sengupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research (NIPER), Ahmedabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Moxley-Paquette V, Wu B, Lane D, Bastawrous M, Ning P, Soong R, De Castro P, Kovacevic I, Frei T, Stuessi J, Al Adwan-Stojilkovic D, Graf S, Vincent F, Schmidig D, Kuehn T, Kuemmerle R, Beck A, Fey M, Bermel W, Busse F, Gundy M, Boenisch H, Heumann H, Nashman B, Dutta Majumdar R, Lacerda A, Simpson AJ. Evaluation of double-tuned single-sided planar microcoils for the analysis of small 13 C enriched biological samples using 1 H- 13 C 2D heteronuclear correlation NMR spectroscopy. MAGNETIC RESONANCE IN CHEMISTRY : MRC 2022; 60:386-397. [PMID: 34647646 DOI: 10.1002/mrc.5227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Microcoils provide a cost-effective approach to improve detection limits for mass-limited samples. Single-sided planar microcoils are advantageous in comparison to volume coils, in that the sample can simply be placed on top. However, the considerable drawback is that the RF field that is produced by the coil decreases with distance from the coil surface, which potentially limits more complex multi-pulse NMR pulse sequences. Unfortunately, 1 H NMR alone is not very informative for intact biological samples due to line broadening caused by magnetic susceptibility distortions, and 1 H-13 C 2D NMR correlations are required to provide the additional spectral dispersion for metabolic assignments in vivo or in situ. To our knowledge, double-tuned single-sided microcoils have not been applied for the 2D 1 H-13 C analysis of intact 13 C enriched biological samples. Questions include the following: Can 1 H-13 C 2D NMR be performed on single-sided planar microcoils? If so, do they still hold sensitivity advantages over conventional 5 mm NMR technology for mass limited samples? Here, 2D 1 H-13 C HSQC, HMQC, and HETCOR variants were compared and then applied to 13 C enriched broccoli seeds and Daphnia magna (water fleas). Compared to 5 mm NMR probes, the microcoils showed a sixfold improvement in mass sensitivity (albeit only for a small localized region) and allowed for the identification of metabolites in a single intact D. magna for the first time. Single-sided planar microcoils show practical benefit for 1 H-13 C NMR of intact biological samples, if localized information within ~0.7 mm of the 1 mm I.D. planar microcoil surface is of specific interest.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Bing Wu
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Daniel Lane
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Monica Bastawrous
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Paris Ning
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Peter De Castro
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Ivan Kovacevic
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Frei
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Juerg Stuessi
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | | | - Stephan Graf
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Franck Vincent
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Daniel Schmidig
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Till Kuehn
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Kuemmerle
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Armin Beck
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker BioSpin AG, Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fey
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker Corporation, Billerica, MA, USA
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker Biospin GmbH, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Falko Busse
- Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy Division, Bruker Biospin GmbH, Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Marcel Gundy
- Research and Development, Silantes GmbH, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Ben Nashman
- Research and Development, Synex Medical, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | | | - Andressa Lacerda
- Research and Development, Synex Medical, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Lepucki P, Dioguardi AP, Karnaushenko D, Schmidt OG, Grafe HJ. The normalized limit of detection in NMR spectroscopy. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 332:107077. [PMID: 34634649 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.107077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 09/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We derive the normalized limit of detection for frequency space (nLODf) as a parameter to measure the sensitivity of an NMR spectroscopy setup. nLODf is independent of measurement settings such as bandwidth or number of measurement points, and allows to compare performances of different setups. We demonstrate the usefulness of the new nLODf by comparing the sensitivity of NMR setups from various publications, which all use microcoils. Finally, we want to propose a standard measurement and report format for the sensitivity of new NMR setups.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piotr Lepucki
- IFW Dresden, Institut für Festkörperforschung, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Adam P Dioguardi
- IFW Dresden, Institut für Festkörperforschung, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Daniil Karnaushenko
- IFW Dresden, Institut für Integrative Nanowissenschaften, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Oliver G Schmidt
- IFW Dresden, Institut für Integrative Nanowissenschaften, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany; TU Dresden, Nanophysik, Häckelstraße 3, 01069 Dresden, Germany; TU Chemnitz, Material Systems for Nanoelectronics, Straße der Nationen 62, 09111 Chemnitz, Germany.
| | - Hans-Joachim Grafe
- IFW Dresden, Institut für Festkörperforschung, Helmholtzstraße 20, 01069 Dresden, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Greer M, Ariando D, Hurlimann M, Song YQ, Mandal S. Analytical models of probe dynamics effects on NMR measurements. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2021; 327:106975. [PMID: 33873092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2021.106975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/24/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
This paper provides a detailed analysis of three common NMR probe circuits (untuned, tuned, and impedance-matched) and studies their effects on multi-pulse experiments, such as those based on the Carr-Purcell-Meiboom-Gill (CPMG) pulse sequence. The magnitude of probe dynamics effects on broadband refocusing pulses are studied as a function of normalized RF bandwidth. Finally, the probe circuit models are integrated with spin dynamics simulations to design hardware-specific RF excitation and refocusing pulses for optimizing user-specified metrics such as signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) in grossly inhomogeneous fields. Preliminary experimental results on untuned probes are also presented.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mason Greer
- Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
| | - David Ariando
- University of Florida, 1064 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| | | | - Yi-Qiao Song
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA.
| | - Soumyajit Mandal
- University of Florida, 1064 Center Drive, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Kupče Ē, Mote KR, Webb A, Madhu PK, Claridge TDW. Multiplexing experiments in NMR and multi-nuclear MRI. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2021; 124-125:1-56. [PMID: 34479710 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2021.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Multiplexing NMR experiments by direct detection of multiple free induction decays (FIDs) in a single experiment offers a dramatic increase in the spectral information content and often yields significant improvement in sensitivity per unit time. Experiments with multi-FID detection have been designed with both homonuclear and multinuclear acquisition, and the advent of multiple receivers on commercial spectrometers opens up new possibilities for recording spectra from different nuclear species in parallel. Here we provide an extensive overview of such techniques, designed for applications in liquid- and solid-state NMR as well as in hyperpolarized samples. A brief overview of multinuclear MRI is also provided, to stimulate cross fertilization of ideas between the two areas of research (NMR and MRI). It is shown how such techniques enable the design of experiments that allow structure elucidation of small molecules from a single measurement. Likewise, in biomolecular NMR experiments multi-FID detection allows complete resonance assignment in proteins. Probes with multiple RF microcoils routed to multiple NMR receivers provide an alternative way of increasing the throughput of modern NMR systems, effectively reducing the cost of NMR analysis and increasing the information content at the same time. Solid-state NMR experiments have also benefited immensely from both parallel and sequential multi-FID detection in a variety of multi-dimensional pulse schemes. We are confident that multi-FID detection will become an essential component of future NMR methodologies, effectively increasing the sensitivity and information content of NMR measurements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ēriks Kupče
- Bruker UK Ltd., Banner Lane, Coventry CV4 9GH, United Kingdom.
| | - Kaustubh R Mote
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Andrew Webb
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Albinusdreef 2, 2333 ZA Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Perunthiruthy K Madhu
- TIFR Centre for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research-Hyderabad, 36/P Gopanpally Village, Ranga Reddy District, Hyderabad 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Tim D W Claridge
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oxford, Chemistry Research Laboratory, Mansfield Road, Oxford OX1 3TA, UK
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Untuned broadband spiral micro-coils achieve sensitive multi-nuclear NMR TX/RX from microfluidic samples. Sci Rep 2021; 11:7798. [PMID: 33833324 PMCID: PMC8032710 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-87247-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The low frequency plateau in the frequency response of an untuned micro-resonator permits broadband radio-frequency reception, albeit at the expense of optimal signal-to-noise ratio for a particular nucleus. In this contribution we determine useful figures of merit for broadband micro-coils, and thereby explore the parametric design space towards acceptable simultaneous excitation and reception of a microfluidic sample over a wide frequency band ranging from 13C to 1H, i.e., 125–500 MHz in an 11.74 T magnet. The detector achieves 37% of the performance of a comparably sized, tuned and matched resonator, and a linewidth of 17 ppb using standard magnet shims. The use of broadband detectors circumvents numerous difficulties introduced by multi-resonant RF detector circuits, including sample loading effects on matching, channel isolation, and field distortion.
Collapse
|
14
|
Time-resolved non-invasive metabolomic monitoring of a single cancer spheroid by microfluidic NMR. Sci Rep 2021; 11:53. [PMID: 33420162 PMCID: PMC7794408 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-79693-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 11/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We present a quantitative study of the metabolic activity of a single spheroid culture of human cancer cells. NMR (nuclear magnetic resonance) spectroscopy is an ideal tool for observation of live systems due to its non-invasive nature. However, limited sensitivity has so far hindered its application in microfluidic culture systems. We have used an optimised micro-NMR platform to observe metabolic changes from a single spheroid. NMR spectra were obtained by directly inserting microfluidic devices containing spheroids ranging from 150 [Formula: see text]m to 300 [Formula: see text]m in diameter in 2.5 [Formula: see text]L of culture medium into a dedicated NMR probe. Metabolite concentrations were found to change linearly with time, with rates approximately proportional to the number of cells in the spheroid. The results demonstrate that quantitative monitoring of a single spheroid with [Formula: see text] 2500 cells is possible. A change in spheroid size by 600 cells leads to a clearly detectable change in the L-Lactic acid production rate ([Formula: see text]). The consumption of D-Glucose and production of L-Lactic acid were approximately 2.5 times slower in spheroids compared to monolayer culture of the same number of cells. Moreover, while cells in monolayer culture were found to produce L-Alanine and L-Glutamine, spheroids showed slight consumption in both cases.
Collapse
|
15
|
Moxley-Paquette V, Lane D, Soong R, Ning P, Bastawrous M, Wu B, Pedram MZ, Haque Talukder MA, Ghafar-Zadeh E, Zverev D, Martin R, Macpherson B, Vargas M, Schmidig D, Graf S, Frei T, Al Adwan-Stojilkovic D, De Castro P, Busse F, Bermel W, Kuehn T, Kuemmerle R, Fey M, Decker F, Stronks H, Sullan RMA, Utz M, Simpson AJ. 5-Axis CNC Micromilling for Rapid, Cheap, and Background-Free NMR Microcoils. Anal Chem 2020; 92:15454-15462. [PMID: 33170641 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.0c03126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
The superior mass sensitivity of microcoil technology in nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy provides potential for the analysis of extremely small-mass-limited samples such as eggs, cells, and tiny organisms. For optimal performance and efficiency, the size of the microcoil should be tailored to the size of the mass-limited sample of interest, which can be costly as mass-limited samples come in many shapes and sizes. Therefore, rapid and economic microcoil production methods are needed. One method with great potential is 5-axis computer numerical control (CNC) micromilling, commonly used in the jewelry industry. Most CNC milling machines are designed to process larger objects and commonly have a precision of >25 μm (making the machining of common spiral microcoils, for example, impossible). Here, a 5-axis MiRA6 CNC milling machine, specifically designed for the jewelry industry, with a 0.3 μm precision was used to produce working planar microcoils, microstrips, and novel microsensor designs, with some tested on the NMR in less than 24 h after the start of the design process. Sample wells could be built into the microsensor and could be machined at the same time as the sensors themselves, in some cases leaving a sheet of Teflon as thin as 10 μm between the sample and the sensor. This provides the freedom to produce a wide array of designs and demonstrates 5-axis CNC micromilling as a versatile tool for the rapid prototyping of NMR microsensors. This approach allowed the experimental optimization of a prototype microstrip for the analysis of two intact adult Daphnia magna organisms. In addition, a 3D volume slotted-tube resonator was produced that allowed for 2D 1H-13C NMR of D. magna neonates and exhibited 1H sensitivity (nLODω600 = 1.49 nmol s1/2) close to that of double strip lines, which themselves offer the best compromise between concentration and mass sensitivity published to date.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Moxley-Paquette
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Daniel Lane
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Ronald Soong
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Paris Ning
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Monica Bastawrous
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Bing Wu
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Maysam Zamani Pedram
- Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, North York, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Radiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Md Aminul Haque Talukder
- Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, North York, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Ebrahim Ghafar-Zadeh
- Lassonde School of Engineering, York University, 4700 Keele Street, North York, Ontario, M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Dimitri Zverev
- NSCNC Manufacturing Ltd., 1515 Broadway Street Unit 607, Port Coquitlam, British Columbia, V3C 6M2, Canada
| | - Richard Martin
- IMicrosolder, 57 Marshall Street West, Meaford, Ontario, N4L 1E4, Canada
| | - Bob Macpherson
- Apogee Steel Fabrication Inc., 3600 Erindale Station Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5C 2T1, Canada
| | - Mike Vargas
- Apogee Steel Fabrication Inc., 3600 Erindale Station Road, Mississauga, Ontario, L5C 2T1, Canada
| | - Daniel Schmidig
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Stephan Graf
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Thomas Frei
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | | | - Peter De Castro
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Falko Busse
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Bermel
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Till Kuehn
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Rainer Kuemmerle
- Bruker BioSpin AG, Industriestrasse 26, 8117 Fällanden, Switzerland
| | - Michael Fey
- Bruker Corporation, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3991, United States
| | - Frank Decker
- Bruker Biospin GmbH, Silberstreifen 4, 76287 Rheinstetten, Germany
| | - Henry Stronks
- Bruker Canada Ltd., 2800 High Point Drive, Milton, Ontario L9T 6P4, Canada
| | - Ruby May A Sullan
- Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| | - Marcel Utz
- School of Chemistry, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, U.K
| | - André J Simpson
- Environmental NMR Center, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada.,Department of Physical and Environmental Science, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1265 Military Trail, Toronto, Ontario, M1C 1A4, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Barker DS, Restelli A, Fedchak JA, Scherschligt J, Eckel S. A radiofrequency voltage-controlled current source for quantum spin manipulation. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2020; 91:104708. [PMID: 33138586 PMCID: PMC11382295 DOI: 10.1063/5.0011813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/30/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We present a wide-bandwidth, voltage-controlled current source that is easily integrated with radiofrequency magnetic field coils. Our design uses current feedback to compensate for the frequency-dependent impedance of a radiofrequency antenna. We are able to deliver peak currents greater than 100 mA over a 300 kHz to 54 MHz frequency span. The radiofrequency current source fits onto a printed circuit board smaller than 4 cm2 and consumes less than 1.3 W of power. It is suitable for use in deployable quantum sensors and nuclear magnetic resonance systems.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D S Barker
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - A Restelli
- Joint Quantum Institute, University of Maryland and National Institute of Standards and Technology, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - J A Fedchak
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - J Scherschligt
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - S Eckel
- Sensor Science Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Davoodi H, Nordin N, Bordonali L, Korvink JG, MacKinnon N, Badilita V. An NMR-compatible microfluidic platform enabling in situ electrochemistry. LAB ON A CHIP 2020; 20:3202-3212. [PMID: 32734975 DOI: 10.1039/d0lc00364f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Combining microfluidic devices with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has the potential of unlocking their vast sample handling and processing operation space for use with the powerful analytics provided by NMR. One particularly challenging class of integrated functional elements from the perspective of NMR are conductive structures. Metallic electrodes could be used for electrochemical sample interaction for example, yet they can cause severe NMR spectral and SNR degradation. These issues are more entangled at the micro-scale since the distorted volume occupies a higher ratio of the sample volume. In this study, a combination of simulation and experimental validation was used to identify an electrode geometry that, in terms of NMR spectral parameters, performs as well as for the case when no electrodes are present. By placing the metal tracks in the side-walls of a microfluidic channel, we found that NMR RF excitation performance was actually enhanced, without compromising B0 homogeneity. Monitoring in situ deposition of chitosan in the microfluidic platform is presented as a proof-of-concept demonstration of NMR characterisation of an electrochemical process.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Davoodi
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Nurdiana Nordin
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany. and Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lorenzo Bordonali
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Jan G Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Neil MacKinnon
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| | - Vlad Badilita
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Duan J, Xie P. The potential for metabolomics in the study and treatment of major depressive disorder and related conditions. Expert Rev Proteomics 2020; 17:309-322. [DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2020.1772059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Duan
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Peng Xie
- NHC Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- The M.O.E. Key Laboratory of Laboratory Medical Diagnostics, The College of Laboratory Medicine, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Miggiels P, Wouters B, van Westen GJ, Dubbelman AC, Hankemeier T. Novel technologies for metabolomics: More for less. Trends Analyt Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2018.11.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
|
20
|
Davoodi H, Jouda M, Korvink JG, MacKinnon N, Badilita V. Broadband and multi-resonant sensors for NMR. PROGRESS IN NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE SPECTROSCOPY 2019; 112-113:34-54. [PMID: 31481158 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnmrs.2019.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2019] [Revised: 05/08/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
It has always been of considerable interest to study the nuclear magnetic resonance response of multiple nuclei simultaneously, whether these signals arise from internuclear couplings within the same molecule, or from uncoupled nuclei within sample mixtures. The literature contains numerous uncorrelated reports on techniques employed to achieve multi-nuclear NMR detection. This paper consolidates the subset of techniques in which single coil detectors are utilized, and highlights the strengths and weaknesses of each approach, at the same time pointing the way towards future developments in the field of multi-nuclear NMR. We compare the different multi-nuclear NMR techniques in terms of performance, and present a guide to NMR probe designers towards application-based optimum design. We also review the applicability of micro-coils in the context of multi-nuclear methods. Micro-coils benefit from compact geometries and exhibit lower impedance, which provide new opportunities and challenges for the NMR probe designer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hossein Davoodi
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Mazin Jouda
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Jan G Korvink
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
| | - Neil MacKinnon
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany
| | - Vlad Badilita
- Institute of Microstructure Technology (IMT), Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abdiaj I, Horn CR, Alcazar J. Scalability of Visible-Light-Induced Nickel Negishi Reactions: A Combination of Flow Photochemistry, Use of Solid Reagents, and In-Line NMR Monitoring. J Org Chem 2019; 84:4748-4753. [PMID: 30336017 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.8b02358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The scale up of light-induced nickel-catalyzed Negishi reactions is reported herein, with output rates reaching multigram quantities per hour. This level of throughput is suitable to support preclinical medicinal chemistry programs in late lead optimization, where tens of grams to hundreds of grams of final product is needed. Adjusting reaction times and concentrations was critical in achieving this robust output. This example demonstrates how visible photochemistry and use of solid metal reagent can be used and how the progress of the reaction can be followed by in-line NMR monitoring.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Irini Abdiaj
- Lead Discovery, Janssen Research and Development , Janssen-Cilag, S.A. , Jarama 75A , 45007 Toledo , Spain
| | - Clemens R Horn
- Corning S.A.S , Corning European Technology Center , 7 bis avenue de Valvins , CS 70156 Samois sur Seine, Avon , 77215 Cedex , France
| | - Jesus Alcazar
- Lead Discovery, Janssen Research and Development , Janssen-Cilag, S.A. , Jarama 75A , 45007 Toledo , Spain
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Oosthoek-de Vries AJ, Nieuwland PJ, Bart J, Koch K, Janssen JWG, van Bentum PJM, Rutjes FPJT, Gardeniers HJGE, Kentgens APM. Inline Reaction Monitoring of Amine-Catalyzed Acetylation of Benzyl Alcohol Using a Microfluidic Stripline Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Setup. J Am Chem Soc 2019; 141:5369-5380. [PMID: 30864795 PMCID: PMC6449804 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b00039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
We present an in-depth study of the acetylation of benzyl alcohol in the presence of N, N-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA) by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) monitoring of the reaction from 1.5 s to several minutes. We have adapted the NMR setup to be compatible to microreactor technology, scaling down the typical sample volume of commercial NMR probes (500 μL) to a microfluidic stripline setup with 150 nL detection volume. Inline spectra are obtained to monitor the kinetics and unravel the reaction mechanism of this industrially relevant reaction. The experiments are combined with conventional 2D NMR measurements to identify the reaction products. In addition, we replace DIPEA with triethylamine and pyridine to validate the reaction mechanism for different amine catalysts. In all three acetylation reactions, we find that the acetyl ammonium ion is a key intermediate. The formation of ketene is observed during the first minutes of the reaction when tertiary amines were present. The pyridine-catalyzed reaction proceeds via a different mechanism.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pieter J. Nieuwland
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- FutureChemistry
Holding B.V., Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob Bart
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Kaspar Koch
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- FutureChemistry
Holding B.V., Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W. G. Janssen
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P. Jan M. van Bentum
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Floris P. J. T. Rutjes
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Arno P. M. Kentgens
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University
Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Swyer I, von der Ecken S, Wu B, Jenne A, Soong R, Vincent F, Schmidig D, Frei T, Busse F, Stronks HJ, Simpson AJ, Wheeler AR. Digital microfluidics and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for in situ diffusion measurements and reaction monitoring. LAB ON A CHIP 2019; 19:641-653. [PMID: 30648175 DOI: 10.1039/c8lc01214h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In recent years microcoils and related structures have been developed to increase the mass sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, allowing this extremely powerful analytical technique to be extended to small sample volumes (<5 μl). In general, microchannels have been used to deliver the samples of interest to these microcoils; however, these systems tend to have large dead volumes and require more complex fluidic connections. Here, we introduce a two-plate digital microfluidic (DMF) strategy to interface small-volume samples with NMR microcoils. In this system, a planar microcoil is surrounded by a copper plane that serves as the counter-electrode for the digital microfluidic device, allowing for precise control of droplet position and shape. This feature allows for the user-determination of the orientation of droplets relative to the main axes of the shim stack, permitting improved shimming and a more homogeneous magnetic field inside the droplet below the microcoil, which leads to improved spectral lineshape. This, along with high-fidelity droplet actuation, allows for rapid shimming strategies (developed over decades for vertically oriented NMR tubes) to be employed, permitting the determination of reaction-product diffusion coefficients as well as quantitative monitoring of reactive intermediates. We propose that this system paves the way for new and exciting applications for in situ analysis of small samples by NMR spectroscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Swyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St George St., Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mompeán M, Sánchez-Donoso RM, de la Hoz A, Saggiomo V, Velders AH, Gomez MV. Pushing nuclear magnetic resonance sensitivity limits with microfluidics and photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization. Nat Commun 2018; 9:108. [PMID: 29317665 PMCID: PMC5760532 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-02575-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Among the methods to enhance the sensitivity of nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy, small-diameter NMR coils (microcoils) are promising tools to tackle the study of mass-limited samples. Alternatively, hyperpolarization schemes based on dynamic nuclear polarization techniques provide strong signal enhancements of the NMR target samples. Here we present a method to effortlessly perform photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization in microcoil setups to boost NMR signal detection down to sub-picomole detection limits in a 9.4T system (400 MHz 1H Larmor frequency). This setup is unaffected by current major drawbacks such as the use of high-power light sources to attempt uniform irradiation of the sample, and accumulation of degraded photosensitizer in the detection region. The latter is overcome with flow conditions, which in turn open avenues for complex applications requiring rapid and efficient mixing that are not easily achievable on an NMR tube without resorting to complex hardware. Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is a powerful technique with an inherently low sensitivity. Here, the authors present a combination of microcoils with photo-chemically induced dynamic nuclear polarization to boost NMR sensitivity down to sub-picomole detection limits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Mompeán
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (UCLM), Avda Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Rosa M Sánchez-Donoso
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (UCLM), Avda Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain.,Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8038, 6700, EK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Antonio de la Hoz
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (UCLM), Avda Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Vittorio Saggiomo
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8038, 6700, EK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Aldrik H Velders
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (UCLM), Avda Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain. .,Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University, PO Box 8038, 6700, EK Wageningen, The Netherlands. .,MAGNEtic resonance research FacilitY-MAGNEFY, Wageningen University & Research, PO Box 8038, 6700, EK Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - M Victoria Gomez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (UCLM), Avda Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071, Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Gomez MV, Juan A, Jiménez-Márquez F, de la Hoz A, Velders AH. Illumination of Nanoliter-NMR Spectroscopy Chips for Real-Time Photochemical Reaction Monitoring. Anal Chem 2018; 90:1542-1546. [PMID: 29280614 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b04114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the use of a small-volume nuclear-magnetic-resonance (NMR)-spectroscopy device with integrated fiber-optics for the real-time detection of UV-vis-light-assisted chemical reactions. An optical fiber is used to guide the light from LEDs or a laser diode positioned safely outside the magnet toward the 25 nL detection volume and placed right above the microfluidic channel, irradiating the transparent back of the NMR chip. The setup presented here overcomes the limitations of conventional NMR systems for in situ UV-vis illumination, with the microchannel permitting efficient light penetration even in highly concentrated solutions, requiring lower-power light intensities, and enabling high photon flux. The efficacy of the setup is illustrated with two model reactions activated at different wavelengths.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Gomez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) , Avenida Camilo Jose Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Alberto Juan
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) , Avenida Camilo Jose Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Jiménez-Márquez
- Escuela Técnica Superior de Ingenieros (ETSI) Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) , Avenida Camilo Jose Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio de la Hoz
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) , Avenida Camilo Jose Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Aldrik H Velders
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha (UCLM) , Avenida Camilo Jose Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain.,Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology, Wageningen University , P.O. Box 8038, 6700 EK Wageningen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Rontu V, Selent A, Zhivonitko VV, Scotti G, Koptyug IV, Telkki VV, Franssila S. Efficient Catalytic Microreactors with Atomic-Layer-Deposited Platinum Nanoparticles on Oxide Support. Chemistry 2017; 23:16835-16842. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201703391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ville Rontu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science; Aalto University; P.O. Box 16200 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Anne Selent
- NMR Research Unit; University of Oulu; P.O.Box 3000 90014 University of Oulu Finland
| | - Vladimir V. Zhivonitko
- NMR Research Unit; University of Oulu; P.O.Box 3000 90014 University of Oulu Finland
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging; International Tomography Center SB RAS; 3A Institutskaya St. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; Pirogova St. 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Gianmario Scotti
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science; Aalto University; P.O. Box 16200 00076 Aalto Finland
| | - Igor V. Koptyug
- Laboratory of Magnetic Resonance Microimaging; International Tomography Center SB RAS; 3A Institutskaya St. Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
- Novosibirsk State University; Pirogova St. 2 Novosibirsk 630090 Russia
| | - Ville-Veikko Telkki
- NMR Research Unit; University of Oulu; P.O.Box 3000 90014 University of Oulu Finland
| | - Sami Franssila
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science; Aalto University; P.O. Box 16200 00076 Aalto Finland
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Oosthoek-de Vries AJ, Bart J, Tiggelaar RM, Janssen JWG, van Bentum PJM, Gardeniers HJGE, Kentgens APM. Continuous Flow 1H and 13C NMR Spectroscopy in Microfluidic Stripline NMR Chips. Anal Chem 2017; 89:2296-2303. [PMID: 28194934 PMCID: PMC5337998 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b03784] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2016] [Accepted: 01/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Microfluidic stripline NMR technology not only allows for NMR experiments to be performed on small sample volumes in the submicroliter range, but also experiments can easily be performed in continuous flow because of the stripline's favorable geometry. In this study we demonstrate the possibility of dual-channel operation of a microfluidic stripline NMR setup showing one- and two-dimensional 1H, 13C and heteronuclear NMR experiments under continuous flow. We performed experiments on ethyl crotonate and menthol, using three different types of NMR chips aiming for straightforward microfluidic connectivity. The detection volumes are approximately 150 and 250 nL, while flow rates ranging from 0.5 μL/min to 15 μL/min have been employed. We show that in continuous flow the pulse delay is determined by the replenishment time of the detector volume, if the sample trajectory in the magnet toward NMR detector is long enough to polarize the spin systems. This can considerably speed up quantitative measurement of samples needing signal averaging. So it can be beneficial to perform continuous flow measurements in this setup for analysis of, e.g., reactive, unstable, or mass-limited compounds.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jacob Bart
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522
NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Roald M. Tiggelaar
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522
NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Johannes W. G. Janssen
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P. Jan M. van Bentum
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Han J. G. E. Gardeniers
- Mesoscale
Chemical Systems, MESA+ Institute of Nanotechnology, University of Twente, 7522
NB Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Arno P. M. Kentgens
- Institute
of Molecules and Materials, Radboud University, 6525 HP Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Gomez MV, de la Hoz A. NMR reaction monitoring in flow synthesis. Beilstein J Org Chem 2017; 13:285-300. [PMID: 28326137 PMCID: PMC5331343 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.13.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent advances in the use of flow chemistry with in-line and on-line analysis by NMR are presented. The use of macro- and microreactors, coupled with standard and custom made NMR probes involving microcoils, incorporated into high resolution and benchtop NMR instruments is reviewed. Some recent selected applications have been collected, including synthetic applications, the determination of the kinetic and thermodynamic parameters and reaction optimization, even in single experiments and on the μL scale. Finally, software that allows automatic reaction monitoring and optimization is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Victoria Gomez
- Área Química Orgánica, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela nº 10, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio de la Hoz
- Área Química Orgánica, Facultad de Químicas, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avda. Camilo José Cela nº 10, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain and Instituto Regional de Investigación Científica Aplicada (IRICA), Avda. Camilo José Cela s/n, E-13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
In vivo online magnetic resonance quantification of absolute metabolite concentrations in microdialysate. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36080. [PMID: 27811972 PMCID: PMC5095764 DOI: 10.1038/srep36080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
In order to study metabolic processes in animal models of diseases and in patients, microdialysis probes have evolved as powerful tools that are minimally invasive. However, analyses of microdialysate, performed remotely, do not provide real-time monitoring of microdialysate composition. Microdialysate solutions can theoretically be analyzed online inside a preclicinal or clinical MRI scanner using MRS techniques. Due to low NMR sensitivity, acquisitions of real-time NMR spectra on very small solution volumes (μL) with low metabolite concentrations (mM range) represent a major issue. To address this challenge we introduce the approach of combining a microdialysis probe with a custom-built magnetic resonance microprobe that allows for online metabolic analysis (1H and 13C) with high sensitivity under continuous flow conditions. This system is mounted inside an MRI scanner and allows performing simultaneously MRI experiments and rapid MRS metabolic analysis of the microdialysate. The feasibility of this approach is demonstrated by analyzing extracellular brain cancer cells (glioma) in vitro and brain metabolites in an animal model in vivo. We expect that our approach is readily translatable into clinical settings and can be used for a better and precise understanding of diseases linked to metabolic dysfunction.
Collapse
|
30
|
Swyer I, Soong R, Dryden MDM, Fey M, Maas WE, Simpson A, Wheeler AR. Interfacing digital microfluidics with high-field nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. LAB ON A CHIP 2016; 16:4424-4435. [PMID: 27757467 DOI: 10.1039/c6lc01073c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy is extremely powerful for chemical analysis but it suffers from lower mass sensitivity compared to many other analytical detection methods. NMR microcoils have been developed in response to this limitation, but interfacing these coils with small sample volumes is a challenge. We introduce here the first digital microfluidic system capable of interfacing droplets of analyte with microcoils in a high-field NMR spectrometer. A finite element simulation was performed to assist in determining appropriate system parameters. After optimization, droplets inside the spectrometer could be controlled remotely, permitting the observation of processes such as xylose-borate complexation and glucose oxidase catalysis. We propose that the combination of DMF and NMR will be a useful new tool for a wide range of applications in chemical analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ian Swyer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Ronald Soong
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1256 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Michael D M Dryden
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
| | - Michael Fey
- Bruker BioSpin Corp, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3991, USA
| | - Werner E Maas
- Bruker BioSpin Corp, 15 Fortune Drive, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821-3991, USA
| | - André Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto Scarborough, 1256 Military Trail, Toronto, ON M1C 1A4, Canada.
| | - Aaron R Wheeler
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, 80 St. George St, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada. and Donnelly Centre for Cellular and Biomolecular Research, University of Toronto, 160 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3E1, Canada and Institute for Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, 164 College St, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
A Multidisciplinary Approach to High Throughput Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16060850. [PMID: 27294925 PMCID: PMC4934276 DOI: 10.3390/s16060850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2016] [Revised: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 06/02/2016] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) is a non-contact, powerful structure-elucidation technique for biochemical analysis. NMR spectroscopy is used extensively in a variety of life science applications including drug discovery. However, existing NMR technology is limited in that it cannot run a large number of experiments simultaneously in one unit. Recent advances in micro-fabrication technologies have attracted the attention of researchers to overcome these limitations and significantly accelerate the drug discovery process by developing the next generation of high-throughput NMR spectrometers using Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor (CMOS). In this paper, we examine this paradigm shift and explore new design strategies for the development of the next generation of high-throughput NMR spectrometers using CMOS technology. A CMOS NMR system consists of an array of high sensitivity micro-coils integrated with interfacing radio-frequency circuits on the same chip. Herein, we first discuss the key challenges and recent advances in the field of CMOS NMR technology, and then a new design strategy is put forward for the design and implementation of highly sensitive and high-throughput CMOS NMR spectrometers. We thereafter discuss the functionality and applicability of the proposed techniques by demonstrating the results. For microelectronic researchers starting to work in the field of CMOS NMR technology, this paper serves as a tutorial with comprehensive review of state-of-the-art technologies and their performance levels. Based on these levels, the CMOS NMR approach offers unique advantages for high resolution, time-sensitive and high-throughput bimolecular analysis required in a variety of life science applications including drug discovery.
Collapse
|
32
|
Pourmodheji H, Ghafar-Zadeh E, Magierowski S. Dual-path NMR receiver using double transceiver microcoils. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE OF THE IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. IEEE ENGINEERING IN MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY SOCIETY. ANNUAL INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE 2016; 2015:7107-10. [PMID: 26737930 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2015.7320030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We present a fully integrated CMOS dual path front-end receiver for NMR applications. Instead of conventional NMR systems which are using one transceiver coil, we propose a dual-path receiver in which it has two transceiver microcoils. This structure cancels the background signal and consequently improving the sensitivity. Spectral simulations of the dual-path receiver are used to verify cancellation of the background signal in this structure. The front-end receiver contains two differential low-noise amplifiers (LNA), two voltage buffers (for conventional mode), two phase shifters, two variable gain amplifiers (VGA), one differential LNA and voltage buffer at the end. This chain of dual-path receiver is designed for 21 MHz NMR settings. The front-end receiver achieves an input referred noise of 2.7 nV/√Hz and voltage gain of 80 dB. The chip is designed in a 0.13-μm CMOS technology and occupies an area of 1 mm × 2 mm.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hall AMR, Chouler JC, Codina A, Gierth PT, Lowe JP, Hintermair U. Practical aspects of real-time reaction monitoring using multi-nuclear high resolution FlowNMR spectroscopy. Catal Sci Technol 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6cy01754a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
FlowNMR spectroscopy is an excellent technique for non-invasive real-time reaction monitoring under relevant conditions that avoids many of the limitations that bedevil other reaction monitoring techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. R. Hall
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Jonathan C. Chouler
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | | | | | - John P. Lowe
- Department of Chemistry
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| | - Ulrich Hintermair
- Centre for Sustainable Chemical Technologies
- University of Bath
- Bath BA2 7AY
- UK
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Gomez MV, Rodriguez AM, de la Hoz A, Jimenez-Marquez F, Fratila RM, Barneveld PA, Velders AH. Determination of Kinetic Parameters within a Single Nonisothermal On-Flow Experiment by Nanoliter NMR Spectroscopy. Anal Chem 2015; 87:10547-55. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b02811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M. Victoria Gomez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Cientifica Aplicada, Campus Universitario, Avenida Camilo
José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio M. Rodriguez
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Cientifica Aplicada, Campus Universitario, Avenida Camilo
José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Antonio de la Hoz
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Cientifica Aplicada, Campus Universitario, Avenida Camilo
José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Francisco Jimenez-Marquez
- Escuela
Técnica Superior de Ingenieros (ETSI) Industriales, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Avenida Camilo José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| | - Raluca M. Fratila
- Instituto
de Nanociencia de Aragon (INA), Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano
Esquillor s/n, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
- Fundación Agencia Aragonesa para la Investigación y Desarrollo (ARAID), C/María
de Luna 11, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
| | | | - Aldrik H. Velders
- Instituto Regional de Investigación Cientifica Aplicada, Campus Universitario, Avenida Camilo
José Cela s/n, 13071 Ciudad Real, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Saggiomo V, Velders AH. Simple 3D Printed Scaffold-Removal Method for the Fabrication of Intricate Microfluidic Devices. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2015; 2:1500125. [PMID: 27709002 PMCID: PMC5034835 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2015] [Revised: 06/24/2015] [Indexed: 04/14/2023]
Abstract
An easy and cheap fabrication method for intricate polydimethylsiloxane microfluidic devices is presented. The acrylonitrile butadiene styrene scaffold-removal method uses cheap, off-the-shelf materials and equipment for the fabrication of intricate microfluidic devices. The versatility of the method is proven by the fabrication of 3D multilayer, ship-in-a-bottle, selective heating, sensing, and NMR microfluidic devices. The methodology is coined ESCARGOT: Embedded SCAffold RemovinG Open Technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Saggiomo
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology Wageningen University PO Box 8038 6700 EK Wageningen The Netherlands
| | - Aldrik H Velders
- Laboratory of BioNanoTechnology Wageningen University PO Box 8038 6700 EK Wageningen The Netherlands; Instituto Regional de Investigacion Cientifica Aplicada (IRICA) Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha 13071 Ciudad Real Spain
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Grisi M, Gualco G, Boero G. A broadband single-chip transceiver for multi-nuclear NMR probes. THE REVIEW OF SCIENTIFIC INSTRUMENTS 2015; 86:044703. [PMID: 25933876 DOI: 10.1063/1.4916206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In this article, we present an integrated broadband complementary metal-oxide semiconductor single-chip transceiver suitable for the realization of multi-nuclear pulsed nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) probes. The realized single-chip transceiver can be interfaced with on-chip integrated microcoils or external LC resonators operating in the range from 1 MHz to 1 GHz. The dimension of the chip is about 1 mm(2). It consists of a radio-frequency (RF) power amplifier, a low-noise RF preamplifier, a frequency mixer, an audio-frequency amplifier, and fully integrated transmit-receive switches. As specific example, we show its use for multi-nuclear NMR spectroscopy. With an integrated coil of about 150 μm external diameter, a (1)H spin sensitivity of about 1.5 × 10(13) spins/Hz(1/2) is achieved at 7 T.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Grisi
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Gabriele Gualco
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| | - Giovanni Boero
- Ecole Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne CH-1015, Switzerland
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Sans V, Porwol L, Dragone V, Cronin L. A self optimizing synthetic organic reactor system using real-time in-line NMR spectroscopy. Chem Sci 2015; 6:1258-1264. [PMID: 29560211 PMCID: PMC5811122 DOI: 10.1039/c4sc03075c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 164] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 11/14/2014] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A configurable platform for synthetic chemistry incorporating an in-line benchtop NMR that is capable of monitoring and controlling organic reactions in real-time is presented. The platform is controlled via a modular LabView software control system for the hardware, NMR, data analysis and feedback optimization. Using this platform we report the real-time advanced structural characterization of reaction mixtures, including 19F, 13C, DEPT, 2D NMR spectroscopy (COSY, HSQC and 19F-COSY) for the first time. Finally, the potential of this technique is demonstrated through the optimization of a catalytic organic reaction in real-time, showing its applicability to self-optimizing systems using criteria such as stereoselectivity, multi-nuclear measurements or 2D correlations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Victor Sans
- WestCHEM , School of Chemistry , The University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK . ; http://www.croninlab.com
| | - Luzian Porwol
- WestCHEM , School of Chemistry , The University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK . ; http://www.croninlab.com
| | - Vincenza Dragone
- WestCHEM , School of Chemistry , The University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK . ; http://www.croninlab.com
| | - Leroy Cronin
- WestCHEM , School of Chemistry , The University of Glasgow , Glasgow G12 8QQ , UK . ; http://www.croninlab.com
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Tayler MCD, van Meerten S(BGJ, Kentgens APM, van Bentum PJM. Analysis of mass-limited mixtures using supercritical-fluid chromatography and microcoil NMR. Analyst 2015; 140:6217-21. [DOI: 10.1039/c5an00772k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A protocol combining rapid and low-cost chromatography and NMR spectroscopy is demonstrated.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michael C. D. Tayler
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen 6525AJ
- Netherlands
| | | | - Arno P. M. Kentgens
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen 6525AJ
- Netherlands
| | - P. Jan M. van Bentum
- Institute for Molecules and Materials
- Radboud University
- Nijmegen 6525AJ
- Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Zalesskiy SS, Danieli E, Blümich B, Ananikov VP. Miniaturization of NMR systems: desktop spectrometers, microcoil spectroscopy, and "NMR on a chip" for chemistry, biochemistry, and industry. Chem Rev 2014; 114:5641-94. [PMID: 24779750 DOI: 10.1021/cr400063g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey S Zalesskiy
- Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences , Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|