1
|
Lee D, Shin W, Park S, Kim J, Shin H. NOON-state interference in the frequency domain. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2024; 13:90. [PMID: 38622155 PMCID: PMC11018870 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-024-01439-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 03/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
The examination of entanglement across various degrees of freedom has been pivotal in augmenting our understanding of fundamental physics, extending to high dimensional quantum states, and promising the scalability of quantum technologies. In this paper, we demonstrate the photon number path entanglement in the frequency domain by implementing a frequency beam splitter that converts the single-photon frequency to another with 50% probability using Bragg scattering four-wave mixing. The two-photon NOON state in a single-mode fiber is generated in the frequency domain, manifesting the two-photon interference with two-fold enhanced resolution compared to that of single-photon interference, showing the outstanding stability of the interferometer. This successful translation of quantum states in the frequency domain will pave the way toward the discovery of fascinating quantum phenomena and scalable quantum information processing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dongjin Lee
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Woncheol Shin
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Sebae Park
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Junyeop Kim
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea
| | - Heedeuk Shin
- Department of Physics, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, South Korea.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Yard P, Jones AE, Paesani S, Maïnos A, Bulmer JFF, Laing A. On-Chip Quantum Information Processing with Distinguishable Photons. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2024; 132:150602. [PMID: 38682995 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.132.150602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
Multiphoton interference is at the heart of photonic quantum technologies. Arrays of integrated cavities can support bright sources of single photons with high purity and small footprint, but the inevitable spectral distinguishability between photons generated from nonidentical cavities is an obstacle to scaling. In principle, this problem can be alleviated by measuring photons with high timing resolution, which erases spectral information through the time-energy uncertainty relation. Here, we experimentally demonstrate that detection can be implemented with a temporal resolution sufficient to interfere photons detuned on the scales necessary for cavity-based integrated photon sources. By increasing the effective timing resolution of the system from 200 to 20 ps, we observe a 20% increase in the visibility of quantum interference between independent photons from integrated microring resonator sources that are detuned by 6.8 GHz. We go on to show how time-resolved detection of nonideal photons can be used to improve the fidelity of an entangling operation and to mitigate the reduction of computational complexity in boson sampling experiments. These results pave the way for photonic quantum information processing with many photon sources without the need for active alignment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Patrick Yard
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Alex E Jones
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Stefano Paesani
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
- Center for Hybrid Quantum Networks (Hy-Q), Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 17, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Alexandre Maïnos
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Jacob F F Bulmer
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| | - Anthony Laing
- Quantum Engineering and Technology Laboratories, School of Physics and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Clementi M, Sabattoli FA, Borghi M, Gianini L, Tagliavacche N, El Dirani H, Youssef L, Bergamasco N, Petit-Etienne C, Pargon E, Sipe JE, Liscidini M, Sciancalepore C, Galli M, Bajoni D. Programmable frequency-bin quantum states in a nano-engineered silicon device. Nat Commun 2023; 14:176. [PMID: 36635283 PMCID: PMC9837142 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-35773-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Photonic qubits should be controllable on-chip and noise-tolerant when transmitted over optical networks for practical applications. Furthermore, qubit sources should be programmable and have high brightness to be useful for quantum algorithms and grant resilience to losses. However, widespread encoding schemes only combine at most two of these properties. Here, we overcome this hurdle by demonstrating a programmable silicon nano-photonic chip generating frequency-bin entangled photons, an encoding scheme compatible with long-range transmission over optical links. The emitted quantum states can be manipulated using existing telecommunication components, including active devices that can be integrated in silicon photonics. As a demonstration, we show our chip can be programmed to generate the four computational basis states, and the four maximally-entangled Bell states, of a two-qubits system. Our device combines all the key properties of on-chip state reconfigurability and dense integration, while ensuring high brightness, fidelity, and purity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco Clementi
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy ,grid.5333.60000000121839049Present Address: Photonic Systems Laboratory (PHOSL), École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Federico Andrea Sabattoli
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy ,Present Address: Advanced Fiber Resources Milan S.r.L., Via Federico Fellini 4, 20097 San Donato Milanese, MI Italy
| | - Massimo Borghi
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Linda Gianini
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy ,grid.457330.6Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA-Leti, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - Noemi Tagliavacche
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Houssein El Dirani
- grid.457330.6Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA-Leti, 38054 Grenoble, France ,Present Address: LIGENTEC SA, 224 Bd John Kennedy, 91100 Corbeil-Essonnes, France
| | - Laurene Youssef
- grid.463950.d0000 0004 0382 8743Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France ,grid.9966.00000 0001 2165 4861Present Address: Univ. Limoges, CNRS, IRCER, UMR 7315, 87000 Limoges, France
| | - Nicola Bergamasco
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Camille Petit-Etienne
- grid.463950.d0000 0004 0382 8743Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Erwine Pargon
- grid.5676.20000000417654326Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, CEA/LETI-Minatec, Grenoble INP, LTM, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - J. E. Sipe
- grid.17063.330000 0001 2157 2938Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, ON M5S 1A7 Canada
| | - Marco Liscidini
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Corrado Sciancalepore
- grid.457330.6Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CEA-Leti, 38054 Grenoble, France ,Present Address: SOITEC SA, Parc technologique des Fontaines, Chemin des Franques, 38190 Bernin, France
| | - Matteo Galli
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, Via Agostino Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Daniele Bajoni
- grid.8982.b0000 0004 1762 5736Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, Via Adolfo Ferrata 5, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Andrea Sabattoli F, Gianini L, Simbula A, Clementi M, Fincato A, Boeuf F, Liscidini M, Galli M, Bajoni D. Silicon source of frequency-bin entangled photons. OPTICS LETTERS 2022; 47:6201-6204. [PMID: 37219207 DOI: 10.1364/ol.471241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an integrated source of frequency-entangled photon pairs on a silicon photonics chip. The emitter has a coincidence-to-accidental ratio exceeding 103. We prove entanglement by showing two-photon frequency interference with a visibility of 94.6% ± 1.1%. This result opens the possibility of on-chip integration of frequency-bin sources with modulators and the other active and passive devices available in the silicon photonics platform.
Collapse
|
5
|
Physical interpretation of nonlocal quantum correlation through local description of subsystems. Sci Rep 2022; 12:16400. [PMID: 36180489 PMCID: PMC9525634 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-17540-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Characterization and categorization of quantum correlations are both fundamentally and practically important in quantum information science. Although quantum correlations such as non-separability, steerability, and non-locality can be characterized by different theoretical models in different scenarios with either known (trusted) or unknown (untrusted) knowledge of the associated systems, such characterization sometimes lacks unambiguous to experimentalist. In this work, we propose the physical interpretation of nonlocal quantum correlation between two systems. In the absence of complete local description of one of the subsystems quantified by the local uncertainty relation, the correlation between subsystems becomes nonlocal. Remarkably, different nonlocal quantum correlations can be discriminated from a single uncertainty relation derived under local hidden state (LHS)-LHS model only. We experimentally characterize the two-qubit Werner state in different scenarios.
Collapse
|
6
|
Liu Q, Huang Y, Du Y, Zhao Z, Geng M, Zhang Z, Wei K. Advances in Chip-Based Quantum Key Distribution. ENTROPY 2022; 24:1334. [PMCID: PMC9600573 DOI: 10.3390/e24101334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Quantum key distribution (QKD), guaranteed by the principles of quantum mechanics, is one of the most promising solutions for the future of secure communication. Integrated quantum photonics provides a stable, compact, and robust platform for the implementation of complex photonic circuits amenable to mass manufacture, and also allows for the generation, detection, and processing of quantum states of light at a growing system’s scale, functionality, and complexity. Integrated quantum photonics provides a compelling technology for the integration of QKD systems. In this review, we summarize the advances in integrated QKD systems, including integrated photon sources, detectors, and encoding and decoding components for QKD implements. Complete demonstrations of various QKD schemes based on integrated photonic chips are also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qiang Liu
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yinming Huang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Yongqiang Du
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhengeng Zhao
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Minming Geng
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Zhenrong Zhang
- Guangxi Key Laboratory of Multimedia Communications and Network Technology, School of Computer, Electronics and Information, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| | - Kejin Wei
- Guangxi Key Laboratory for Relativistic Astrophysics, School of Physical Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004, China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Wang Z, Ming D, Wang Y, Qiu C, Tan M. Resolving the scalability challenge of wavelength locking for multiple micro-rings via pipelined time-division-multiplexing control. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:24984-24994. [PMID: 36237039 DOI: 10.1364/oe.459927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Micro-ring resonator (MRR) is a key photonic device that has a wide range of applications but suffers from wavelength uncertainties. For almost all practical applications, a wavelength controller is required for each MRR. The wavelength controller is usually much larger than the MRR. With more complicated control algorithms, the controller size becomes even larger. Equipping each MRR with a wavelength controller will not be scalable. We propose a pipelined time-division-multiplexing (PTDM) control scheme that achieves high scalability while maintaining good loop bandwidth by exploiting the speed mismatch between the heater and the controller. To verify this proposed scheme, a hybrid integrated controller supporting four MRRs is designed. Measurement results show that it achieves a sine tracking speed of about 15 nm/s while achieving a locking accuracy of 7 pm and a tuning range of 9 nm.
Collapse
|
8
|
Borghi M, Pavesi L. Mitigating indistinguishability issues in photon pair sources by delayed-pump intermodal four wave mixing. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:12964-12981. [PMID: 35472921 DOI: 10.1364/oe.452910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Large arrays of independent, pure and identical heralded single photon sources are an important resource for linear optical quantum computing protocols. In the race towards the development of increasingly ideal sources, delayed-pump intermodal four wave mixing (IFWM) in multimode waveguides has recently emerged as one of the most promising approaches. Despite this, fabrication imperfections still spoil the spectral indistinguishability of photon pairs from independent sources. Here we show that by tapering the width of the waveguide and by controlling the delay between the pump pulses, we add additional spectral tunability to the source while still inheriting all the distinctive metrics of the IFWM scheme. This feature is used to recover spectral indistinuishability in presence of fabrication errors. Under realistic tolerances on the waveguide dimensions, we predict >99.5% indistinguishability between independent sources on the same chip, and a maximum degradation of the heralded Hong-Ou-Mandel visibility <0.35%.
Collapse
|
9
|
Wu C, Liu Y, Wang Y, Ding J, Zhu P, Xue S, Yu X, Zheng Q, Yu M, Huang A, Fu X, Qiang X, Deng M, Wu J, Xu P. Optimization of quantum light sources and four-wave mixing based on a reconfigurable silicon ring resonator. OPTICS EXPRESS 2022; 30:9992-10010. [PMID: 35299412 DOI: 10.1364/oe.448524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Being a key component on a photonic chip, the microring usually specializes in a certain nonlinear optical process and can not simultaneously meet different working conditions for different processes. Here, we theoretically and experimentally investigate a reconfigurable silicon microring resonator to act as a optimization strategy for both classical four-wave mixing and quantum light sources. Experimental results show that the four-wave mixing efficiency with continuous wave and pulsed pump can be both optimized to a high value well matching numerical analysis. A variety of quantum light sources - including the heralded single-photon source, two-photon source and multi-photon source - are demonstrated to present a high performance and their key parameters including the pair generation rates (PGR), the heralding efficiency (HE) and the coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) are controllable and optimizable. Such tunable nonlinear converter is immune to fabrication variations and can be popularized to other nonlinear optical materials, providing a simple and compact post-fabrication trimming strategy for on-chip all-optical signal processing and photonic quantum technologies.
Collapse
|
10
|
Afifi AE, Hammood M, Jaeger NAF, Shekhar S, Chrostowski L, Young JF. Contra-directional pump reject filters integrated with a micro-ring resonator photon-pair source in silicon. OPTICS EXPRESS 2021; 29:25173-25188. [PMID: 34614854 DOI: 10.1364/oe.431921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
High coincidence-to-accidental ratio (CAR) is crucial for photon-pair sources (PPSs) integrated with pump reject filters (PRFs) in silicon, but CAR values currently reported for integrated PPS/PRF chips still fall short of those achieved using stand-alone sources with external PRFs. Here we report measured and modelled CAR values for a micro-ring resonator PPS integrated with a PRF consisting of a three-stage, cascaded (via their through ports), contra-directional coupler (CDC) that compare favorably even with some stand-alone sources. CDC-based PRFs provide the benefits of compact area and wide reject bands without a need for tuning, in comparison to prior-art implementations.
Collapse
|
11
|
Sabattoli FA, El Dirani H, Youssef L, Garrisi F, Grassani D, Zatti L, Petit-Etienne C, Pargon E, Sipe JE, Liscidini M, Sciancalepore C, Bajoni D, Galli M. Suppression of Parasitic Nonlinear Processes in Spontaneous Four-Wave Mixing with Linearly Uncoupled Resonators. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2021; 127:033901. [PMID: 34328749 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.127.033901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
We report on a signal-to-noise ratio characterizing the generation of identical photon pairs of more than 4 orders of magnitude in a ring resonator system. Parasitic noise, associated with single-pump spontaneous four-wave mixing, is essentially eliminated by employing a novel system design involving two resonators that are linearly uncoupled but nonlinearly coupled. This opens the way to a new class of integrated devices exploiting the unique properties of identical photon pairs in the same optical mode.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Houssein El Dirani
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA-LETI, 38054 Grenoble, France
- STMicroelectronics, 38926 Crolles Cedex, France
| | - Laurène Youssef
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Francesco Garrisi
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Davide Grassani
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Luca Zatti
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | | | - Erwine Pargon
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, LTM, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - J E Sipe
- Department of Physics, University of Toronto, 60 St. George Street, Toronto, Ontario M5S 1A7, Canada
| | - Marco Liscidini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Corrado Sciancalepore
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA-LETI, 38054 Grenoble, France
- SOITEC SA, Parc technologique des Fontaines, Chemin des Franques, 38190 Bernin, France
| | - Daniele Bajoni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell'Informazione, Università degli Studi di Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Galli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università degli Studi di Pavia, Via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Puckett MW, Liu K, Chauhan N, Zhao Q, Jin N, Cheng H, Wu J, Behunin RO, Rakich PT, Nelson KD, Blumenthal DJ. 422 Million intrinsic quality factor planar integrated all-waveguide resonator with sub-MHz linewidth. Nat Commun 2021; 12:934. [PMID: 33568661 PMCID: PMC7876138 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21205-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
High quality-factor (Q) optical resonators are a key component for ultra-narrow linewidth lasers, frequency stabilization, precision spectroscopy and quantum applications. Integration in a photonic waveguide platform is key to reducing cost, size, power and sensitivity to environmental disturbances. However, to date, the Q of all-waveguide resonators has been relegated to below 260 Million. Here, we report a Si3N4 resonator with 422 Million intrinsic and 3.4 Billion absorption-limited Qs. The resonator has 453 kHz intrinsic, 906 kHz loaded, and 57 kHz absorption-limited linewidths and the corresponding 0.060 dB m-1 loss is the lowest reported to date for waveguides with deposited oxide upper cladding. These results are achieved through a careful reduction of scattering and absorption losses that we simulate, quantify and correlate to measurements. This advancement in waveguide resonator technology paves the way to all-waveguide Billion Q cavities for applications including nonlinear optics, atomic clocks, quantum photonics and high-capacity fiber communications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Kaikai Liu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Nitesh Chauhan
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Qiancheng Zhao
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA
| | - Naijun Jin
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Haotian Cheng
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Ryan O Behunin
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
- Center for Materials Interfaces in Research and Applications, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ, USA
| | - Peter T Rakich
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | | | - Daniel J Blumenthal
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of California Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Belsley A, Pertsch T, Setzpfandt F. Generating path entangled states in waveguide systems with second-order nonlinearity. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:28792-28809. [PMID: 33114790 DOI: 10.1364/oe.401303] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Spontaneous parametric down-conversion in coupled nonlinear waveguides is a flexible approach for generating tunable path entangled states. We describe a formalism based on the Cayley-Hamilton theorem to compute the quantum states generated by waveguide arrays for arbitrary system parameters. We find that all four Bell states can be generated in directional couplers with non-degenerate photons. Our method enables one to efficiently explore the phase space of waveguide systems and readily assess the robustness of any given state to variations in the system's parameters. We believe it represents a valuable tool for quantum state engineering in coupled waveguide systems.
Collapse
|
14
|
Vaidya VD, Morrison B, Helt LG, Shahrokshahi R, Mahler DH, Collins MJ, Tan K, Lavoie J, Repingon A, Menotti M, Quesada N, Pooser RC, Lita AE, Gerrits T, Nam SW, Vernon Z. Broadband quadrature-squeezed vacuum and nonclassical photon number correlations from a nanophotonic device. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2020; 6:6/39/eaba9186. [PMID: 32967824 PMCID: PMC7531882 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba9186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report demonstrations of both quadrature-squeezed vacuum and photon number difference squeezing generated in an integrated nanophotonic device. Squeezed light is generated via strongly driven spontaneous four-wave mixing below threshold in silicon nitride microring resonators. The generated light is characterized with both homodyne detection and direct measurements of photon statistics using photon number-resolving transition-edge sensors. We measure 1.0(1) decibels of broadband quadrature squeezing (~4 decibels inferred on-chip) and 1.5(3) decibels of photon number difference squeezing (~7 decibels inferred on-chip). Nearly single temporal mode operation is achieved, with measured raw unheralded second-order correlations g (2) as high as 1.95(1). Multiphoton events of over 10 photons are directly detected with rates exceeding any previous quantum optical demonstration using integrated nanophotonics. These results will have an enabling impact on scaling continuous variable quantum technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - L G Helt
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | | | | | | | - K Tan
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | - J Lavoie
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada
| | | | | | | | - R C Pooser
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA
| | - A E Lita
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - T Gerrits
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - S W Nam
- National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST), 325 Broadway, Boulder, CO 80305, USA
| | - Z Vernon
- Xanadu, Toronto, ON M5G 2C8, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
|
16
|
Paesani S, Borghi M, Signorini S, Maïnos A, Pavesi L, Laing A. Near-ideal spontaneous photon sources in silicon quantum photonics. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2505. [PMID: 32427911 PMCID: PMC7237445 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16187-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2019] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
While integrated photonics is a robust platform for quantum information processing, architectures for photonic quantum computing place stringent demands on high quality information carriers. Sources of single photons that are highly indistinguishable and pure, that are either near-deterministic or heralded with high efficiency, and that are suitable for mass-manufacture, have been elusive. Here, we demonstrate on-chip photon sources that simultaneously meet each of these requirements. Our photon sources are fabricated in silicon using mature processes, and exploit a dual-mode pump-delayed excitation scheme to engineer the emission of spectrally pure photon pairs through inter-modal spontaneous four-wave mixing in low-loss spiralled multi-mode waveguides. We simultaneously measure a spectral purity of 0.9904 ± 0.0006, a mutual indistinguishability of 0.987 ± 0.002, and >90% intrinsic heralding efficiency. We measure on-chip quantum interference with a visibility of 0.96 ± 0.02 between heralded photons from different sources.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Paesani
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81FD, UK
| | - M Borghi
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81FD, UK.,SM Optics s.r.l., Research Programs, Via John Fitzgerald Kennedy 2, 20871, Vimercate, Italy
| | - S Signorini
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - A Maïnos
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81FD, UK
| | - L Pavesi
- Department of Physics, University of Trento, Via Sommarive 14, 38123, Trento, Italy
| | - A Laing
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol, BS81FD, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Borghi M. Phase-resolved joint spectra tomography of a ring resonator photon pair source using a silicon photonic chip. OPTICS EXPRESS 2020; 28:7442-7462. [PMID: 32225972 DOI: 10.1364/oe.386139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The exponential growth of photonic quantum technologies is driving the demand for tools to measure the quality of their information carriers. One of the most prominent is stimulated emission tomography (SET), which uses classical coherent fields to measure the joint spectral amplitude (JSA) of photon pairs with high speed and resolution. While the modulus of the JSA can be directly addressed from a single intensity measurement, the retrieval of the joint spectral phase (JSP) is far more challenging and received minor attention. However, a wide class of spontaneous sources of technological relevance, as chip integrated micro-resonators, have a JSP with a rich structure that carries correlations hidden in the intensity domain. Here, using a compact and reconfigurable silicon photonic chip, the complex JSA of a micro-ring resonator photon pair source is measured for the first time. The photonic circuit coherently excites the ring and a reference waveguide, and the interferogram formed by their stimulated fields is used to map the ring JSP through a novel phase reconstruction technique. This tool complements the traditionally bulky and sophisticated methods implemented so far, simultaneously minimizing the set of required resources.
Collapse
|
18
|
Bell BA, Thekkadath GS, Ge R, Cai X, Walmsley IA. Testing multi-photon interference on a silicon chip. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:35646-35658. [PMID: 31878733 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.035646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2019] [Accepted: 10/29/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Multi-photon interference in large multi-port interferometers is key to linear optical quantum computing and in particular to boson sampling. Silicon photonics enables complex interferometric circuits with many components in a small footprint and has the potential to extend these experiments to larger numbers of interfering modes. However, loss has generally limited the implementation of multi-photon experiments in this platform. Here, we make use of high-efficiency grating couplers to combine bright and pure quantum light sources based on ppKTP waveguides with silicon circuits. We interfere up to 5 photons in up to 15 modes, verifying genuine multi-photon interference by comparing the results against various models including partial distinguishability between photons.
Collapse
|
19
|
Afzal FO, Petrin JM, Weiss SM. Camera detection and modal fingerprinting of photonic crystal nanobeam resonances. OPTICS EXPRESS 2019; 27:14623-14634. [PMID: 31163907 DOI: 10.1364/oe.27.014623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate in simulation and experiment that the out-of-plane, far-field scattering profile of resonance modes in photonic crystal nanobeam (PCN) cavities can be used to identify resonance mode order. Through detection of resonantly scattered light with an infrared camera, the overlap between optical resonance modes and the leaky region of k-space can be measured experimentally. Mode order dependent overlap with the leaky region enables usage of resonance scattering as a "fingerprint" by which resonant modes in nanophotonic structures can be identified via detection in the far-field. By selectively observing emission near the PCN cavity region, the resonant scattering profile of the device can be spatially isolated and the signal noise introduced by other elements in the transmission line can be significantly reduced, consequently improving the signal to noise ratio (SNR) of resonance detection. This work demonstrates an increase in SNR of ∼ 19 dB in out-of-plane scattering measurements over in-plane transmission measurements. The capabilities demonstrated here may be applied to improve characterization across nanophotonic devices with mode-dependent spatial field profiles and enhance the utility of these devices across a variety of applications.
Collapse
|
20
|
Zhang M, Feng LT, Zhou ZY, Chen Y, Wu H, Li M, Gao SM, Guo GP, Guo GC, Dai DX, Ren XF. Generation of multiphoton quantum states on silicon. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2019; 8:41. [PMID: 31069073 PMCID: PMC6491612 DOI: 10.1038/s41377-019-0153-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 03/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/04/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton quantum states play a critical role in emerging quantum technologies and greatly improve our fundamental understanding of the quantum world. Integrated photonics is well recognized as an attractive technology offering great promise for the generation of photonic quantum states with high-brightness, tunability, stability, and scalability. Herein, we demonstrate the generation of multiphoton quantum states using a single-silicon nanophotonic waveguide. The detected four-photon rate reaches 0.34 Hz even with a low-pump power of 600 μW. This multiphoton quantum state is also qualified with multiphoton quantum interference, as well as quantum state tomography. For the generated four-photon states, the quantum interference visibilities are greater than 95%, and the fidelity is 0.78 ± 0.02. Furthermore, such a multiphoton quantum source is fully compatible with the on-chip processes of quantum manipulation, as well as quantum detection, which is helpful for the realization of large-scale quantum photonic integrated circuits (QPICs) and shows great potential for research in the area of multiphoton quantum science.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100 China
| | - Lan-Tian Feng
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Zhi-Yuan Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Yang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Hao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100 China
| | - Ming Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100 China
| | - Shi-Ming Gao
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100 China
| | - Guo-Ping Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Guang-Can Guo
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| | - Dao-Xin Dai
- State Key Laboratory for Modern Optical Instrumentation, Centre for Optical and Electromagnetic Research, Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Sensing Technologies, College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Zijingang Campus, Hangzhou, 310058 China
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo, 315100 China
| | - Xi-Feng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, CAS, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
- Synergetic Innovation Center of Quantum Information & Quantum Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026 China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Broadband photon squeezing control using microring embedded gold grating for LiFi-quantum link. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s42452-019-0487-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
|
22
|
Quantum experiments and graphs II: Quantum interference, computation, and state generation. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2019; 116:4147-4155. [PMID: 30770451 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1815884116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We present an approach to describe state-of-the-art photonic quantum experiments using graph theory. There, the quantum states are given by the coherent superpositions of perfect matchings. The crucial observation is that introducing complex weights in graphs naturally leads to quantum interference. This viewpoint immediately leads to many interesting results, some of which we present here. First, we identify an experimental unexplored multiphoton interference phenomenon. Second, we find that computing the results of such experiments is #P-hard, which means it is a classically intractable problem dealing with the computation of a matrix function Permanent and its generalization Hafnian. Third, we explain how a recent no-go result applies generally to linear optical quantum experiments, thus revealing important insights into quantum state generation with current photonic technology. Fourth, we show how to describe quantum protocols such as entanglement swapping in a graphical way. The uncovered bridge between quantum experiments and graph theory offers another perspective on a widely used technology and immediately raises many follow-up questions.
Collapse
|
23
|
Ciampini MA, Geraldi A, Cimini V, Macchiavello C, Sipe JE, Liscidini M, Mataloni P. Stimulated emission tomography: beyond polarization. OPTICS LETTERS 2019; 44:41-44. [PMID: 30645543 DOI: 10.1364/ol.44.000041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
In this work, we demonstrate the use of stimulated emission tomography to characterize a hyperentangled state generated by spontaneous parametric downconversion in a cw-pumped source. In particular, we consider the generation of hyperentangled states consisting of photon pairs entangled in polarization and path. These results extend the capability of stimulated emission tomography beyond the polarization degree of freedom and demonstrate the use of this technique to study states in higher dimension Hilbert spaces.
Collapse
|
24
|
Li YH, Fang WT, Zhou ZY, Liu SL, Liu SK, Xu ZH, Yang C, Li Y, Xu LX, Guo GC, Shi BS. Quantum frequency conversion for multiplexed entangled states generated from micro-ring silicon chip. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:28429-28440. [PMID: 30470014 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.028429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2018] [Accepted: 10/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Silicon-on-chip photonic circuits are among some very promising platforms for generating nonclassical photonic quantum state, because of its low loss, small footprint, and compatibility with complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor (CMOS) and telecommunications techniques. Dense wavelength division multiplexing (DWDM) is a leading technique for enhancing the transmission capacity of both classical and quantum communications. To bridge the frequency gap between silicon-chip and other quantum systems, such as quantum memories, a quantum interface is indispensable. Here, we demonstrate a quantum interface for multiplexed energy-time entanglement states, which are generated on a silicon micro-ring cavity that is based on frequency up-conversion. By switching the pump wavelength, energy-time entanglement from any channel can be selected at will after being up-converted. The high visibilities of two-photon interference over three channels after frequency up-conversion clearly prove that the entanglement is fully preserved during the quantum frequency conversion (QFC) process. Our work provides new perspectives regarding channel capacity enhancement in quantum communications and for quantum resources being transferred between two different quantum systems.
Collapse
|
25
|
Faruque II, Sinclair GF, Bonneau D, Rarity JG, Thompson MG. On-chip quantum interference with heralded photons from two independent micro-ring resonator sources in silicon photonics. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:20379-20395. [PMID: 30119349 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.020379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
High visibility on-chip quantum interference among indistinguishable single-photons from multiples sources is a key prerequisite for integrated linear optical quantum computing. Resonant enhancement in micro-ring resonators naturally enables brighter, purer and more indistinguishable single-photon production without any tight spectral filtering. The indistinguisha-bility of heralded single-photons from multiple micro-ring resonators has not been measured in any photonic platform. Here, we report on-chip indistinguishability measurements of heralded single-photons generated from independent micro-ring resonators by using an on-chip Mach-Zehnder interferometer and spectral demultiplexer. We measured the raw heralded two-photon interference fringe visibility as 72 ± 3%. This result agrees with our model, which includes device imperfections, spectral impurity and multi-pair emissions. We identify multi-pair emissions as the main factor limiting the nonclassical interference visibility, and show a route towards achieving near unity visibility in future experiments.
Collapse
|
26
|
Zhang X, Bell BA, Mahendra A, Xiong C, Leong PHW, Eggleton BJ. Integrated silicon nitride time-bin entanglement circuits. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:3469-3472. [PMID: 30067687 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.003469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Time-bin entangled photons allow robust entanglement distribution over quantum networks. Integrated photonic circuits positioned at the nodes of a quantum network can perform the important functions of generating highly entangled photons and precisely manipulating their quantum state. In this Letter, we demonstrate time-bin entangled photon generation, noise suppression, wavelength division, and entanglement analysis on a single photonic chip utilizing low-loss double-stripe silicon nitride waveguide structures. Quantum state tomography results show 91±0.7% fidelity compared with the ideal state, indicating that highly entangled photons are generated and analyzed. This work represents a crucial step toward practical quantum networks.
Collapse
|
27
|
Yanikgonul S, Leong V, Ong JR, Png CE, Krivitsky L. 2D Monte Carlo simulation of a silicon waveguide-based single-photon avalanche diode for visible wavelengths. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:15232-15246. [PMID: 30114773 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.015232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 05/06/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Integrated photonics platforms are crucial to the development and implementation of scalable quantum information and networking schemes, but many such devices still rely on external bulk photodetectors. We report the design and simulation of a waveguide-based single-photon avalanche diode (SPAD) for visible wavelengths. The SPAD consists of a p-n junction implemented in a doped silicon waveguide, which is end-fire coupled to an input silicon nitride waveguide. We developed a 2D Monte Carlo model to simulate the avalanche multiplication process of charge carriers following the absorption of an input photon, and calculated the photon detection efficiency (PDE) and timing jitter of the SPAD. We investigated the SPAD performance at a wavelength of 640 nm and temperature of 243K for different device dimensions and device doping configurations. For our simulated parameters, we obtained a maximum PDE of 0.45 at a reverse bias voltage of ~20 V, and full-width-half-max (FWHM) timing jitter values <8 ps.
Collapse
|
28
|
Guo X, Zou CL, Jiang L, Tang HX. All-Optical Control of Linear and Nonlinear Energy Transfer via the Zeno Effect. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2018; 120:203902. [PMID: 29864354 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.203902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Microresonator-based nonlinear processes are fundamental to applications including microcomb generation, parametric frequency conversion, and harmonics generation. While nonlinear processes involving either second- (χ^{(2)}) or third- (χ^{(3)}) order nonlinearity have been extensively studied, the interaction between these two basic nonlinear processes has seldom been reported. In this paper we demonstrate a coherent interplay between second- and third- order nonlinear processes. The parametric (χ^{(2)}) coupling to a lossy ancillary mode shortens the lifetime of the target photonic mode and suppresses its density of states, preventing the photon emissions into the target photonic mode via the Zeno effect. Such an effect is then used to control the stimulated four-wave mixing process and realize a suppression ratio of 34.5.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Chang-Ling Zou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
- Key Laboratory of Quantum Information, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui 230026, China
| | - Liang Jiang
- Department of Applied Physics, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| | - Hong X Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Fang WT, Li YH, Zhou ZY, Xu LX, Guo GC, Shi BS. On-chip generation of time-and wavelength-division multiplexed multiple time-bin entanglement. OPTICS EXPRESS 2018; 26:12912-12921. [PMID: 29801324 DOI: 10.1364/oe.26.012912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 04/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Optical quantum states based on entangled photons are the key resource in quantum-information science. The realization of multiplexed multiple entanglement are necessary for developing high-capacity quantum information process. Silicon-on-insulator (SOI) has recently become a leading platform for generating and processing of non-classical optical states. In this work, by combining the wavelength- and time-division multiplexing technologies, we demonstrate a multiplexing time-bin entangled photon pair source based on a silicon nanowire waveguide and distribute entangled photons into 3(time) × 14(wavelength) channels independently. The indistinguishability of photon pairs in each time channel is confirmed by a fourfold Hong-Ou-Mandal quantum interference. Our work paves a new and promising way to achieve a high capacity quantum communication and to generate a multiple-photon non-classical state.
Collapse
|
30
|
Massara MP, Menotti M, Bergamasco N, Harris NC, Baehr-Jones T, Hochberg M, Galland C, Liscidini M, Galli M, Bajoni D. Nonlinear characterization of a silicon integrated Bragg waveguide filter. OPTICS LETTERS 2018; 43:1171-1174. [PMID: 29489808 DOI: 10.1364/ol.43.001171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Bragg waveguides are promising optical filters for pump suppression in spontaneous four-wave mixing (FWM) photon sources. In this work, we investigate the generation of unwanted photon pairs in the filter itself. We do this by taking advantage of the relation between spontaneous and classical FWM, which allows for the precise characterization of the nonlinear response of the device. The pair generation rate estimated from the classical measurement is compared with the theoretical value calculated by means of a full quantum model of the filter, which also allows investigation of the spectral properties of the generated pairs. We find a good agreement between theory and experiment, confirming that stimulated FWM is a valuable approach to characterize the nonlinear response of an integrated filter, and that the pairs generated in a Bragg waveguide are not a serious issue for the operation of a fully integrated nonclassical source.
Collapse
|
31
|
Santagati R, Wang J, Gentile AA, Paesani S, Wiebe N, McClean JR, Morley-Short S, Shadbolt PJ, Bonneau D, Silverstone JW, Tew DP, Zhou X, O’Brien JL, Thompson MG. Witnessing eigenstates for quantum simulation of Hamiltonian spectra. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2018; 4:eaap9646. [PMID: 29387796 PMCID: PMC5787384 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aap9646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Accepted: 12/27/2017] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The efficient calculation of Hamiltonian spectra, a problem often intractable on classical machines, can find application in many fields, from physics to chemistry. We introduce the concept of an "eigenstate witness" and, through it, provide a new quantum approach that combines variational methods and phase estimation to approximate eigenvalues for both ground and excited states. This protocol is experimentally verified on a programmable silicon quantum photonic chip, a mass-manufacturable platform, which embeds entangled state generation, arbitrary controlled unitary operations, and projective measurements. Both ground and excited states are experimentally found with fidelities >99%, and their eigenvalues are estimated with 32 bits of precision. We also investigate and discuss the scalability of the approach and study its performance through numerical simulations of more complex Hamiltonians. This result shows promising progress toward quantum chemistry on quantum computers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Raffaele Santagati
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
- Corresponding author. (R.S.); (N.W.); (X.Z.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Jianwei Wang
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Antonio A. Gentile
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Stefano Paesani
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Nathan Wiebe
- Quantum Architectures and Computation Group, Microsoft Research, Redmond, WA 98052, USA
- Corresponding author. (R.S.); (N.W.); (X.Z.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Jarrod R. McClean
- Computational Research Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA
- Google Inc., Venice, CA 90291, USA
| | - Sam Morley-Short
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
- Quantum Engineering Centre for Doctoral Training, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | | | - Damien Bonneau
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Joshua W. Silverstone
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - David P. Tew
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, UK
- Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research, Heisenbergstraße 1, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Xiaoqi Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Materials and Technologies and School of Physics, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510275, China
- Corresponding author. (R.S.); (N.W.); (X.Z.); (M.G.T.)
| | - Jeremy L. O’Brien
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
| | - Mark G. Thompson
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1FD, UK
- Corresponding author. (R.S.); (N.W.); (X.Z.); (M.G.T.)
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Benchmarking integrated linear-optical architectures for quantum information processing. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15133. [PMID: 29123136 PMCID: PMC5680265 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15174-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/20/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Photonic platforms represent a promising technology for the realization of several quantum communication protocols and for experiments of quantum simulation. Moreover, large-scale integrated interferometers have recently gained a relevant role in quantum computing, specifically with Boson Sampling devices and the race for quantum supremacy. Indeed, various linear optical schemes have been proposed for the implementation of unitary transformations, each one suitable for a specific task. Notwithstanding, so far a comprehensive analysis of the state of the art under broader and realistic conditions is still lacking. In the present work we fill this gap, providing in a unified framework a quantitative comparison of the three main photonic architectures, namely the ones with triangular and square designs and the so-called fast transformations. All layouts have been analyzed in presence of losses and imperfect control over the internal reflectivities and phases, showing that the square design outperforms the triangular scheme in most operational conditions. Our results represent a further step ahead towards the implementation of quantum information protocols on large-scale integrated photonic devices.
Collapse
|
33
|
Caspani L, Xiong C, Eggleton BJ, Bajoni D, Liscidini M, Galli M, Morandotti R, Moss DJ. Integrated sources of photon quantum states based on nonlinear optics. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e17100. [PMID: 30167217 PMCID: PMC6062040 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to generate complex optical photon states involving entanglement between multiple optical modes is not only critical to advancing our understanding of quantum mechanics but will play a key role in generating many applications in quantum technologies. These include quantum communications, computation, imaging, microscopy and many other novel technologies that are constantly being proposed. However, approaches to generating parallel multiple, customisable bi- and multi-entangled quantum bits (qubits) on a chip are still in the early stages of development. Here, we review recent advances in the realisation of integrated sources of photonic quantum states, focusing on approaches based on nonlinear optics that are compatible with contemporary optical fibre telecommunications and quantum memory platforms as well as with chip-scale semiconductor technology. These new and exciting platforms hold the promise of compact, low-cost, scalable and practical implementations of sources for the generation and manipulation of complex quantum optical states on a chip, which will play a major role in bringing quantum technologies out of the laboratory and into the real world.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caspani
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Chunle Xiong
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Eggleton
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniele Bajoni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Liscidini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Galli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Morandotti
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David J Moss
- Center for Microphotonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122 Australia
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Zhang X, Bell B, Pelusi M, He J, Geng W, Kong Y, Zhang P, Xiong C, Eggleton BJ. High repetition rate correlated photon pair generation in integrated silicon nanowires. APPLIED OPTICS 2017; 56:8420-8424. [PMID: 29091621 DOI: 10.1364/ao.56.008420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2017] [Accepted: 09/21/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Integrated single-photon sources are a key component for photonic quantum technology but are generally limited to low single-photon rates. For sources based on photon pair generation by four-wave mixing, increasing the repetition rate of pump laser pulses is a straightforward way to enhance the single-photon rate, but the benefits and practical limitations have not yet been demonstrated and analyzed in a CMOS-compatible platform. In this work, we demonstrate correlated photon pair generation in integrated silicon nanowires and systematically analyze the count rate and coincidence to accidental ratio as the pump rate is varied between 156.25 MHz and 10 GHz. We show that the highest useful pump rate is limited by the timing resolution of the single-photon detection system, and that in this regime, the nonlinear loss of the silicon nanowire does not have a significant effect on the single-photon generation.
Collapse
|
35
|
Vernon Z, Menotti M, Tison CC, Steidle JA, Fanto ML, Thomas PM, Preble SF, Smith AM, Alsing PM, Liscidini M, Sipe JE. Truly unentangled photon pairs without spectral filtering. OPTICS LETTERS 2017; 42:3638-3641. [PMID: 28914921 DOI: 10.1364/ol.42.003638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2017] [Accepted: 08/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate that an integrated silicon microring resonator is capable of efficiently producing photon pairs that are completely unentangled; such pairs are a key component of heralded single-photon sources. A dual-channel interferometric coupling scheme can be used to independently tune the quality factors associated with the pump and signal and idler modes, yielding a biphoton wavefunction with a Schmidt number arbitrarily close to unity. This will permit the generation of heralded single-photon states with unit purity.
Collapse
|
36
|
De Leonardis F, Soref RA, Soltani M, Passaro VMN. Broadband biphoton generation and statistics of quantum light in the UV-visible range in an AlGaN microring resonator. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11387. [PMID: 28900191 PMCID: PMC5595950 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11617-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We present a physical investigation on the generation of correlated photon pairs that are broadly spaced in the ultraviolet (UV) and visible spectrum on a AlGaN/AlN integrated photonic platform which is optically transparent at these wavelengths. Using spontaneous four wave mixing (SFWM) in an AlGaN microring resonator, we show design techniques to satisfy the phase matching condition between the optical pump, the signal, and idler photon pairs, a condition which is essential and is a key hurdle when operating at short wavelength due to the strong normal dispersion of the material. Such UV-visible photon pairs are quite beneficial for interaction with qubit ions that are mostly in this wavelength range, and will enable heralding the photon-ion interaction. As a target application example, we present the systematic AlGaN microresonator design for generating signal and idler photon pairs using a blue wavelength pump, while the signal appears at the transition of ytterbium ion (171Yb+, 369.5 nm) and the idler appears in the far blue or green range. The photon pairs have minimal crosstalk to the pump power due to their broad spacing in spectral wavelength, thereby relaxing the design of on-chip integrated filters for separating pump, signal and idler.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francesco De Leonardis
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari Via Edoardo Orabona n. 4, 70125, Bari, Italy
| | - Richard A Soref
- Department of Engineering, The University of Massachusetts, Boston, Massachusetts, 02125, USA
| | - Mohammad Soltani
- Raytheon BBN Technologies, 10 Moulton Street, Cambridge, MA, 02138, USA
| | - Vittorio M N Passaro
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Elettrica e dell'Informazione, Politecnico di Bari Via Edoardo Orabona n. 4, 70125, Bari, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Kultavewuti P, Zhu EY, Xing X, Qian L, Pusino V, Sorel M, Aitchison JS. Polarization-entangled photon pair sources based on spontaneous four wave mixing assisted by polarization mode dispersion. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5785. [PMID: 28725031 PMCID: PMC5517469 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-06010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2017] [Accepted: 06/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Photonic-based qubits and integrated photonic circuits have enabled demonstrations of quantum information processing (QIP) that promises to transform the way in which we compute and communicate. To that end, sources of polarization-entangled photon pair states are an important enabling technology. However, such states are difficult to prepare in an integrated photonic circuit. Scalable semiconductor sources typically rely on nonlinear optical effects where polarization mode dispersion (PMD) degrades entanglement. Here, we directly generate polarization-entangled states in an AlGaAs waveguide, aided by the PMD and without any compensation steps. We perform quantum state tomography and report a raw concurrence as high as 0.91 ± 0.01 observed in a 1,100-nm-wide waveguide. The scheme allows direct Bell state generation with an observed maximum fidelity of 0.90 ± 0.01 from another (800-nm-wide) waveguide. Our demonstration paves the way for sources that allow for the implementation of polarization-encoded protocols in large-scale quantum photonic circuits.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pisek Kultavewuti
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada.
| | - Eric Y Zhu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Xingxing Xing
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Li Qian
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada
| | - Vincenzo Pusino
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - Marc Sorel
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, Scotland, UK
| | - J Stewart Aitchison
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Toronto, 10 King's College Road, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 3G4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Kues M, Reimer C, Roztocki P, Cortés LR, Sciara S, Wetzel B, Zhang Y, Cino A, Chu ST, Little BE, Moss DJ, Caspani L, Azaña J, Morandotti R. On-chip generation of high-dimensional entangled quantum states and their coherent control. Nature 2017; 546:622-626. [DOI: 10.1038/nature22986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 398] [Impact Index Per Article: 56.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Accepted: 05/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
39
|
Guo X, Zou CL, Schuck C, Jung H, Cheng R, Tang HX. Parametric down-conversion photon-pair source on a nanophotonic chip. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2017; 6:e16249. [PMID: 30167250 PMCID: PMC6062195 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2016] [Revised: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Quantum-photonic chips, which integrate quantum light sources alongside active and passive optical elements, as well as single-photon detectors, show great potential for photonic quantum information processing and quantum technology. Mature semiconductor nanofabrication processes allow for scaling such photonic integrated circuits to on-chip networks of increasing complexity. Second-order nonlinear materials are the method of choice for generating photonic quantum states in the overwhelming majority of linear optic experiments using bulk components, but integration with waveguide circuitry on a nanophotonic chip proved to be challenging. Here, we demonstrate such an on-chip parametric down-conversion source of photon pairs based on second-order nonlinearity in an aluminum-nitride microring resonator. We show the potential of our source for quantum information processing by measuring the high visibility anti-bunching of heralded single photons with nearly ideal state purity. Our down-conversion source yields measured coincidence rates of 80 Hz, which implies MHz generation rates of correlated photon pairs. Low noise performance is demonstrated by measuring high coincidence-to-accidental ratios. The generated photon pairs are spectrally far separated from the pump field, providing great potential for realizing sufficient on-chip filtering and monolithic integration of quantum light sources, waveguide circuits and single-photon detectors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiang Guo
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Chang-ling Zou
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Carsten Schuck
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Hojoong Jung
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Risheng Cheng
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| | - Hong X Tang
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06511, USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Paesani S, Gentile AA, Santagati R, Wang J, Wiebe N, Tew DP, O'Brien JL, Thompson MG. Experimental Bayesian Quantum Phase Estimation on a Silicon Photonic Chip. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2017; 118:100503. [PMID: 28339220 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.100503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Quantum phase estimation is a fundamental subroutine in many quantum algorithms, including Shor's factorization algorithm and quantum simulation. However, so far results have cast doubt on its practicability for near-term, nonfault tolerant, quantum devices. Here we report experimental results demonstrating that this intuition need not be true. We implement a recently proposed adaptive Bayesian approach to quantum phase estimation and use it to simulate molecular energies on a silicon quantum photonic device. The approach is verified to be well suited for prethreshold quantum processors by investigating its superior robustness to noise and decoherence compared to the iterative phase estimation algorithm. This shows a promising route to unlock the power of quantum phase estimation much sooner than previously believed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- S Paesani
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - A A Gentile
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - R Santagati
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - J Wang
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - N Wiebe
- Quantum Architectures and Computation Group, Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington 98052, USA
| | - D P Tew
- School of Chemistry, University of Bristol, Bristol BS8 1TS, United Kingdom
| | - J L O'Brien
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| | - M G Thompson
- Quantum Engineering Technology Labs, H. H. Wills Physics Laboratory and Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University of Bristol, BS8 1FD, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Guan J, Liu X, Salter PS, Booth MJ. Hybrid laser written waveguides in fused silica for low loss and polarization independence. OPTICS EXPRESS 2017; 25:4845-4859. [PMID: 28380753 DOI: 10.1364/oe.25.004845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Photonic integrated circuits (PICs) written with an ultrashort pulsed laser provide advantages in a range of applications, such as photon-based quantum information processing, where low insertion loss and low polarization dependence are critical concerns. Here we demonstrate the inscription of hybrid waveguides in fused silica at a pulse repetition rate of 1MHz that fulfill both these criteria. The mechanisms for propagation and coupling losses are identified and decoupled, with separate sections of the waveguide minimizing for each and an adiabatic mode conversion between the two. Moreover, differing sources of birefringence were revealed to be non-parallel for the waveguides, such that structures can be designed where these competing sources cancel to remove any polarization dependence.
Collapse
|
42
|
Mazeas F, Traetta M, Bentivegna M, Kaiser F, Aktas D, Zhang W, Ramos CA, Ngah LA, Lunghi T, Picholle É, Belabas-Plougonven N, Le Roux X, Cassan É, Marris-Morini D, Vivien L, Sauder G, Labonté L, Tanzilli S. High quality entanglement on a chip-based frequency comb. OPTICS EXPRESS 2016; 24:28731-28738. [PMID: 27958516 DOI: 10.1364/oe.24.028731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We report an efficient energy-time entangled photon-pair source based on four-wave mixing in a CMOS-compatible silicon photonics ring resonator. Thanks to suitable optimization, the source shows a large spectral brightness of 400 pairs of entangled photons /s/MHz for 500 μW pump power, compatible with standard telecom dense wavelength division multiplexers. We demonstrate high-purity energy-time entanglement, i.e., free of photonic noise, with near perfect raw visibilities (> 98%) between various channel pairs in the telecom C-band. Such a compact source stands as a path towards more complex quantum photonic circuits dedicated to quantum communication systems.
Collapse
|
43
|
Ewert F, Bergmann M, van Loock P. Ultrafast Long-Distance Quantum Communication with Static Linear Optics. PHYSICAL REVIEW LETTERS 2016; 117:210501. [PMID: 27911560 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.210501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We propose a projection measurement onto encoded Bell states with a static network of linear optical elements. By increasing the size of the quantum error correction code, both Bell measurement efficiency and photon-loss tolerance can be made arbitrarily high at the same time. As a main application, we show that all-optical quantum communication over large distances with communication rates similar to those of classical communication is possible solely based on local state teleportations using optical sources of encoded Bell states, fixed arrays of beam splitters, and photon detectors. As another application, generalizing state teleportation to gate teleportation for quantum computation, we find that in order to achieve universality the intrinsic loss tolerance must be sacrificed and a minimal amount of feedforward has to be added.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian Ewert
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Marcel Bergmann
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Peter van Loock
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Staudingerweg 7, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Jizan I, Bell B, Helt LG, Bedoya AC, Xiong C, Eggleton BJ. Phase-sensitive tomography of the joint spectral amplitude of photon pair sources. OPTICS LETTERS 2016; 41:4803-4806. [PMID: 28005897 DOI: 10.1364/ol.41.004803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present a novel measurement technique to perform full phase-sensitive tomography on the joint spectrum of photon pair sources, using stimulated four-wave mixing and phase-sensitive amplification. Applying this method to an integrated silicon nanowire source with a frequency chirped pump laser, we are able to observe a corresponding phase change in the spectral amplitude that would otherwise be hidden in standard intensity measurements. With a highly nonlinear fiber source, we show that phase-sensitive measurements have superior sensitivity to small spectral features when compared to intensity measurements. This technique enables more complete characterization of photon pair sources based on nonlinear photonics.
Collapse
|
45
|
Ciampini MA, Orieux A, Paesani S, Sciarrino F, Corrielli G, Crespi A, Ramponi R, Osellame R, Mataloni P. Path-polarization hyperentangled and cluster states of photons on a chip. LIGHT, SCIENCE & APPLICATIONS 2016; 5:e16064. [PMID: 30167159 PMCID: PMC6059950 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2016.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 01/05/2016] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Encoding many qubits in different degrees of freedom (DOFs) of single photons is one of the routes toward enlarging the Hilbert space spanned by a photonic quantum state. Hyperentangled photon states (that is, states showing entanglement in multiple DOFs) have demonstrated significant implications for both fundamental physics tests and quantum communication and computation. Increasing the number of qubits of photonic experiments requires miniaturization and integration of the basic elements, and functions to guarantee the setup stability, which motivates the development of technologies allowing the precise control of different photonic DOFs on a chip. We demonstrate the contextual use of path and polarization qubits propagating within an integrated quantum circuit. We tested the properties of four-qubit linear cluster states built on both DOFs, and we exploited them to perform the Grover's search algorithm according to the one-way quantum computation model. Our results pave the way toward the full integration on a chip of hybrid multi-qubit multiphoton states.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Adeline Orieux
- Dipartimento di Fisica—Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Stefano Paesani
- Dipartimento di Fisica—Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sciarrino
- Dipartimento di Fisica—Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Giacomo Corrielli
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica—Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Andrea Crespi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica—Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberta Ramponi
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica—Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Roberto Osellame
- Istituto di Fotonica e Nanotecnologie—Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (IFN-CNR), I-20133 Milano, Italy
- Dipartimento di Fisica—Politecnico di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy
| | - Paolo Mataloni
- Dipartimento di Fisica—Sapienza Università di Roma, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Energy correlations of photon pairs generated by a silicon microring resonator probed by Stimulated Four Wave Mixing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:23564. [PMID: 27032688 PMCID: PMC4817032 DOI: 10.1038/srep23564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
Compact silicon integrated devices, such as micro-ring resonators, have recently been demonstrated as efficient sources of quantum correlated photon pairs. The mass production of integrated devices demands the implementation of fast and reliable techniques to monitor the device performances. In the case of time-energy correlations, this is particularly challenging, as it requires high spectral resolution that is not currently achievable in coincidence measurements. Here we reconstruct the joint spectral density of photons pairs generated by spontaneous four-wave mixing in a silicon ring resonator by studying the corresponding stimulated process, namely stimulated four wave mixing. We show that this approach, featuring high spectral resolution and short measurement times, allows one to discriminate between nearly-uncorrelated and highly-correlated photon pairs.
Collapse
|
47
|
Peacock AC, Steel MJ. QUANTUM OPTICS. The time is right for multiphoton entangled states. Science 2016; 351:1152-3. [PMID: 26965612 DOI: 10.1126/science.aaf2919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Peacock
- Optoelectronics Research Centre, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Michael J Steel
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia.
| |
Collapse
|