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Ma J, Zhang J, Horder J, Sukhorukov AA, Toth M, Neshev DN, Aharonovich I. Engineering Quantum Light Sources with Flat Optics. Adv Mater 2024:e2313589. [PMID: 38477536 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202313589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 02/26/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
Quantum light sources are essential building blocks for many quantum technologies, enabling secure communication, powerful computing, and precise sensing and imaging. Recent advancements have witnessed a significant shift toward the utilization of "flat" optics with thickness at subwavelength scales for the development of quantum light sources. This approach offers notable advantages over conventional bulky counterparts, including compactness, scalability, and improved efficiency, along with added functionalities. This review focuses on the recent advances in leveraging flat optics to generate quantum light sources. Specifically, the generation of entangled photon pairs through spontaneous parametric down-conversion in nonlinear metasurfaces, and single photon emission from quantum emitters including quantum dots and color centers in 3D and 2D materials are explored. The review covers theoretical principles, fabrication techniques, and properties of these sources, with particular emphasis on the enhanced generation and engineering of quantum light sources using optical resonances supported by nanostructures. The diverse application range of these sources is discussed and the current challenges and perspectives in the field are highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Ma
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, 2600, Australia
| | - Jihua Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, 2600, Australia
- Songshan Lake Materials Laboratory, Dongguan, Guangdong, 523808, P. R. China
| | - Jake Horder
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Australia
| | - Andrey A Sukhorukov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, 2600, Australia
| | - Milos Toth
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Australia
| | - Dragomir N Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Department of Electronic Materials Engineering, Research School of Physics, Australian National University, Canberra, 2600, Australia
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, 2007, Australia
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Ma J, Zhang J, Jiang Y, Fan T, Parry M, Neshev DN, Sukhorukov AA. Polarization Engineering of Entangled Photons from a Lithium Niobate Nonlinear Metasurface. Nano Lett 2023; 23:8091-8098. [PMID: 37610974 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c02055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/25/2023]
Abstract
Complex polarization states of photon pairs are indispensable in various quantum technologies. Conventional methods for preparing desired two-photon polarization states are realized through bulky nonlinear crystals, which can restrict the versatility and tunability of the generated quantum states due to the fixed crystal nonlinear susceptibility. Here we present a solution using a nonlinear metasurface incorporating multiplexed silica metagratings on a lithium niobate film of 300 nm thickness. We fabricate two orthogonal metagratings on a single substrate with an identical resonant wavelength, thereby enabling the spectral indistinguishability of the emitted photons, and we demonstrate in experiments that the two-photon polarization states can be shaped by the metagrating orientation. Leveraging this essential property, we formulate a theoretical approach for generating arbitrary polarization-entangled qutrit states by combining three metagratings on a single metasurface, allowing the encoding of the desired quantum states or information. Our findings enable miniaturized optically controlled quantum devices by using ultrathin metasurfaces as polarization-entangled photon sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Ma
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS) Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Jihua Zhang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS) Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Yuxin Jiang
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS) Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Tongmiao Fan
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS) Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew Parry
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS) Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Dragomir N Neshev
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS) Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Andrey A Sukhorukov
- ARC Centre of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS) Department of Electronic Materials Engineering Research School of Physics, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 2601, Australia
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Caspani L, Xiong C, Eggleton BJ, Bajoni D, Liscidini M, Galli M, Morandotti R, Moss DJ. Integrated sources of photon quantum states based on nonlinear optics. Light Sci Appl 2017; 6:e17100. [PMID: 30167217 PMCID: PMC6062040 DOI: 10.1038/lsa.2017.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/02/2017] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
The ability to generate complex optical photon states involving entanglement between multiple optical modes is not only critical to advancing our understanding of quantum mechanics but will play a key role in generating many applications in quantum technologies. These include quantum communications, computation, imaging, microscopy and many other novel technologies that are constantly being proposed. However, approaches to generating parallel multiple, customisable bi- and multi-entangled quantum bits (qubits) on a chip are still in the early stages of development. Here, we review recent advances in the realisation of integrated sources of photonic quantum states, focusing on approaches based on nonlinear optics that are compatible with contemporary optical fibre telecommunications and quantum memory platforms as well as with chip-scale semiconductor technology. These new and exciting platforms hold the promise of compact, low-cost, scalable and practical implementations of sources for the generation and manipulation of complex quantum optical states on a chip, which will play a major role in bringing quantum technologies out of the laboratory and into the real world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucia Caspani
- Institute of Photonics, Department of Physics, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow G1 1RD, UK
- Institute of Photonics and Quantum Sciences, Heriot-Watt University, Edinburgh EH14 4AS, UK
| | - Chunle Xiong
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Benjamin J Eggleton
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Daniele Bajoni
- Dipartimento di Ingegneria Industriale e dell’Informazione, Università di Pavia, via Ferrata 1, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marco Liscidini
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Matteo Galli
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Pavia, via Bassi 6, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Roberto Morandotti
- INRS-EMT, 1650 Boulevard Lionel-Boulet, Varennes, Québec J3X 1S2, Canada
- Institute of Fundamental and Frontier Sciences, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610054, China
- National Research University of Information Technologies, Mechanics and Optics, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - David J Moss
- Center for Microphotonics, Swinburne University of Technology, Hawthorn, Victoria, 3122 Australia
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Lee KF, Tian Y, Yang H, Mustonen K, Martinez A, Dai Q, Kauppinen EI, Malowicki J, Kumar P, Sun Z. Photon-Pair Generation with a 100 nm Thick Carbon Nanotube Film. Adv Mater 2017; 29:1605978. [PMID: 28437024 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201605978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2016] [Revised: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Nonlinear optics based on bulk materials is the current technique of choice for quantum-state generation and information processing. Scaling of nonlinear optical quantum devices is of significant interest to enable quantum devices with high performance. However, it is challenging to scale the nonlinear optical devices down to the nanoscale dimension due to relatively small nonlinear optical response of traditional bulk materials. Here, correlated photon pairs are generated in the nanometer scale using a nonlinear optical device for the first time. The approach uses spontaneous four-wave mixing in a carbon nanotube film with extremely large Kerr-nonlinearity (≈100 000 times larger than that of the widely used silica), which is achieved through careful control of the tube diameter during the carbon nanotube growth. Photon pairs with a coincidence to accidental ratio of 18 at the telecom wavelength of 1.5 µm are generated at room temperature in a ≈100 nm thick carbon nanotube film device, i.e., 1000 times thinner than the smallest existing devices. These results are promising for future integrated nonlinear quantum devices (e.g., quantum emission and processing devices).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim Fook Lee
- EECS Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Ying Tian
- Department of Physics, Dalian Maritime University, Dalian, Liaoning, 116026, China
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI, -00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - He Yang
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, FI, -00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Kimmo Mustonen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | - Amos Martinez
- Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Aston Triangle, Birmingham, B4 7ET, UK
| | - Qing Dai
- National Center for Nanoscience and Technology, Beijing, 100190, China
| | - Esko I Kauppinen
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University, FI, 00076, Aalto, Finland
| | | | - Prem Kumar
- EECS Department, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, 60208, USA
| | - Zhipei Sun
- Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Aalto University, FI, -00076, Aalto, Finland
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Defienne H, Barbieri M, Walmsley IA, Smith BJ, Gigan S. Two-photon quantum walk in a multimode fiber. Sci Adv 2016; 2:e1501054. [PMID: 27152325 PMCID: PMC4846436 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1501054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Multiphoton propagation in connected structures-a quantum walk-offers the potential of simulating complex physical systems and provides a route to universal quantum computation. Increasing the complexity of quantum photonic networks where the walk occurs is essential for many applications. We implement a quantum walk of indistinguishable photon pairs in a multimode fiber supporting 380 modes. Using wavefront shaping, we control the propagation of the two-photon state through the fiber in which all modes are coupled. Excitation of arbitrary output modes of the system is realized by controlling classical and quantum interferences. This report demonstrates a highly multimode platform for multiphoton interference experiments and provides a powerful method to program a general high-dimensional multiport optical circuit. This work paves the way for the next generation of photonic devices for quantum simulation, computing, and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hugo Defienne
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
- Corresponding author. E-mail:
| | - Marco Barbieri
- Università degli Studi Roma Tre, Via della Vasca Navale 84, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Ian A. Walmsley
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU Oxford, UK
| | - Brian J. Smith
- Clarendon Laboratory, Department of Physics, University of Oxford, OX1 3PU Oxford, UK
| | - Sylvain Gigan
- Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, ENS-PSL Research University, CNRS, UPMC-Sorbonne Universités, Collège de France, 24 rue Lhomond, F-75005 Paris, France
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