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Chen J, Landback P, Arsala D, Guzzetta A, Xia S, Atlas J, Sosa D, Zhang YE, Cheng J, Shen B, Long M. Evolutionarily new genes in humans with disease phenotypes reveal functional enrichment patterns shaped by adaptive innovation and sexual selection. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2023.11.14.567139. [PMID: 38045239 PMCID: PMC10690195 DOI: 10.1101/2023.11.14.567139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
New genes (or young genes) are genetic novelties pivotal in mammalian evolution. Their phenotypic impacts and evolutionary pattern over time, however, remain elusive in humans due to the technical and ethical complexities in functional studies. By combining human gene age dating and Mendelian disease phenotyping, our research reveals a gradual increase in disease gene proportions with gene age. Logistic regression modeling indicates that this increase could be related to longer protein lengths and higher burdens of deleterious de novo germline variants (DNVs) for older genes. We also find a steady integration of new genes with biomedical phenotypes into the human genome over macroevolutionary timescales (~0.07% per million years). Despite this stable pace, we observe distinct patterns in phenotypic enrichment, pleiotropy, and selective pressures across gene ages. Notably, young genes show significant enrichment in diseases related to the male reproductive system, indicating strong sexual selection. Young genes also exhibit disease-related functions in tissues and systems potentially linked to human phenotypic innovations, such as increased brain size, musculoskeletal phenotypes, and color vision. We further reveal a logistic growth pattern of pleiotropy over evolutionary time, indicating a diminishing marginal growth of new functions for older genes due to intensifying selective constraints over time. We propose a "pleiotropy-barrier" model that delineates higher potentials of phenotypic innovation for young genes than for older genes, a process subject to natural selection. Our study demonstrates that evolutionary new genes are critical in influencing human reproductive evolution and adaptive phenotypic innovations driven by sexual and natural selection, with low pleiotropy as a selective advantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhai Chen
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China University Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Patrick Landback
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Deanna Arsala
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Alexander Guzzetta
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, 1101 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Shengqian Xia
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Jared Atlas
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Dylan Sosa
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637
| | - Yong E. Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Zoological Systematics and Evolution, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jingqiu Cheng
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China University Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Bairong Shen
- Institutes for Systems Genetics, West China University Hospital, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Manyuan Long
- Department of Ecology and Evolution, The University of Chicago, 1101 E 57th Street, Chicago, IL 60637
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2
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Murphy GRF, Feneck E, Paget J, Sivakumar B, Smith G, Logan MPO. Investigating the role connective tissue fibroblasts play in the altered muscle anatomy associated with the limb abnormality, Radial Dysplasia. J Anat 2024. [PMID: 38624036 DOI: 10.1111/joa.14040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Radial dysplasia (RD) is a congenital upper limb birth defect that presents with changes to the upper limb anatomy, including a shortened or absent radius, bowed ulna, thumb malformations, a radially deviated hand and a range of muscle and tendon malformations, including absent or abnormally shaped muscle bundles. Current treatments to address wrist instability caused by a shortened or absent radius frequently require an initial soft tissue distraction intervention followed by a wrist stabilisation procedure. Following these surgical interventions, however, recurrence of the wrist deviation remains a common, long-term problem following treatment. The impact of the abnormal soft connective tissue (muscle and tendon) anatomy on the clinical presentation of RD and the complications following surgery are not understood. To address this, we have examined the muscle, fascia and the fascial irregular connective tissue (ICT) fibroblasts found within soft connective tissues, from RD patients. We show that ICT fibroblasts isolated from RD patients are functionally abnormal when compared to the same cells isolated from control patients and secrete a relatively disordered extracellular matrix (ECM). Furthermore, we show that ICT fibroblast dysfunction is a unifying feature found in RD patients, even when the RD clinical presentation is caused by distinct genetic syndromes.
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Affiliation(s)
- George R F Murphy
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Eleanor Feneck
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
| | - James Paget
- Targeted Therapy Team, Chester Beatty Laboratories, Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Branavan Sivakumar
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Gill Smith
- Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children, London, UK
| | - Malcolm P O Logan
- Randall Centre of Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London, UK
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3
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Lambourne L, Mattioli K, Santoso C, Sheynkman G, Inukai S, Kaundal B, Berenson A, Spirohn-Fitzgerald K, Bhattacharjee A, Rothman E, Shrestha S, Laval F, Yang Z, Bisht D, Sewell JA, Li G, Prasad A, Phanor S, Lane R, Campbell DM, Hunt T, Balcha D, Gebbia M, Twizere JC, Hao T, Frankish A, Riback JA, Salomonis N, Calderwood MA, Hill DE, Sahni N, Vidal M, Bulyk ML, Fuxman Bass JI. Widespread variation in molecular interactions and regulatory properties among transcription factor isoforms. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.12.584681. [PMID: 38617209 PMCID: PMC11014633 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.12.584681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Most human Transcription factors (TFs) genes encode multiple protein isoforms differing in DNA binding domains, effector domains, or other protein regions. The global extent to which this results in functional differences between isoforms remains unknown. Here, we systematically compared 693 isoforms of 246 TF genes, assessing DNA binding, protein binding, transcriptional activation, subcellular localization, and condensate formation. Relative to reference isoforms, two-thirds of alternative TF isoforms exhibit differences in one or more molecular activities, which often could not be predicted from sequence. We observed two primary categories of alternative TF isoforms: "rewirers" and "negative regulators", both of which were associated with differentiation and cancer. Our results support a model wherein the relative expression levels of, and interactions involving, TF isoforms add an understudied layer of complexity to gene regulatory networks, demonstrating the importance of isoform-aware characterization of TF functions and providing a rich resource for further studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke Lambourne
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kaia Mattioli
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Clarissa Santoso
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Gloria Sheynkman
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sachi Inukai
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Babita Kaundal
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Anna Berenson
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kerstin Spirohn-Fitzgerald
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Anukana Bhattacharjee
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elisabeth Rothman
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Florent Laval
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Zhipeng Yang
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Deepa Bisht
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jared A Sewell
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Guangyuan Li
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Anisa Prasad
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Harvard College, Cambridge MA, USA
| | - Sabrina Phanor
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ryan Lane
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Toby Hunt
- European Molecular Biology Laboratory, European Bioinformatics Institute, Wellcome Genome Campus, Hinxton, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dawit Balcha
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Marinella Gebbia
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- The Donnelly Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute (LTRI), Sinai Health System, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jean-Claude Twizere
- TERRA Teaching and Research Centre, University of Liège, Gembloux, Belgium
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Tong Hao
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Adam Frankish
- Laboratory of Viral Interactomes, GIGA Institute, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium
| | - Josh A Riback
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Nathan Salomonis
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, USA
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Michael A Calderwood
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David E Hill
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Nidhi Sahni
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Marc Vidal
- Center for Cancer Systems Biology (CCSB), Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Genetics, Blavatnik Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Martha L Bulyk
- Division of Genetics, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Pathology, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Juan I Fuxman Bass
- Department of Biology, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Bioinformatics Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
- Molecular Biology, Cell Biology & Biochemistry Program, Boston University, Boston, MA, USA
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4
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Aamer W, Al-Maraghi A, Syed N, Gandhi GD, Aliyev E, Al-Kurbi AA, Al-Saei O, Kohailan M, Krishnamoorthy N, Palaniswamy S, Al-Malki K, Abbasi S, Agrebi N, Abbaszadeh F, Akil ASAS, Badii R, Ben-Omran T, Lo B, Mokrab Y, Fakhro KA. Burden of Mendelian disorders in a large Middle Eastern biobank. Genome Med 2024; 16:46. [PMID: 38584274 PMCID: PMC11000384 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-024-01307-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Genome sequencing of large biobanks from under-represented ancestries provides a valuable resource for the interrogation of Mendelian disease burden at world population level, complementing small-scale familial studies. METHODS Here, we interrogate 6045 whole genomes from Qatar-a Middle Eastern population with high consanguinity and understudied mutational burden-enrolled at the national Biobank and phenotyped for 58 clinically-relevant quantitative traits. We examine a curated set of 2648 Mendelian genes from 20 panels, annotating known and novel pathogenic variants and assessing their penetrance and impact on the measured traits. RESULTS We find that 62.5% of participants are carriers of at least 1 known pathogenic variant relating to recessive conditions, with homozygosity observed in 1 in 150 subjects (0.6%) for which Peninsular Arabs are particularly enriched versus other ancestries (5.8-fold). On average, 52.3 loss-of-function variants were found per genome, 6.5 of which affect a known Mendelian gene. Several variants annotated in ClinVar/HGMD as pathogenic appeared at intermediate frequencies in this cohort (1-3%), highlighting Arab founder effect, while others have exceedingly high frequencies (> 5%) prompting reconsideration as benign. Furthermore, cumulative gene burden analysis revealed 56 genes having gene carrier frequency > 1/50, including 5 ACMG Tier 3 panel genes which would be candidates for adding to newborn screening in the country. Additionally, leveraging 58 biobank traits, we systematically assess the impact of novel/rare variants on phenotypes and discover 39 candidate large-effect variants associating with extreme quantitative traits. Furthermore, through rare variant burden testing, we discover 13 genes with high mutational load, including 5 with impact on traits relevant to disease conditions, including metabolic disorder and type 2 diabetes, consistent with the high prevalence of these conditions in the region. CONCLUSIONS This study on the first phase of the growing Qatar Genome Program cohort provides a comprehensive resource from a Middle Eastern population to understand the global mutational burden in Mendelian genes and their impact on traits in seemingly healthy individuals in high consanguinity settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Waleed Aamer
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Najeeb Syed
- Applied Bioinformatics Core, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Elbay Aliyev
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | - Omayma Al-Saei
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | | | | | - Saleha Abbasi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Nourhen Agrebi
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | | | | | - Ramin Badii
- Diagnostic Genomic Division, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
| | - Tawfeg Ben-Omran
- Section of Clinical and Metabolic Genetics, Department of pediatrics, Hamad Medical Corporation, Doha, Qatar
- Department of Pediatric, Weill Cornell Medical College, Doha, Qatar
- Division of Genetic & Genomics Medicine, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
| | - Bernice Lo
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Younes Mokrab
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar.
| | - Khalid A Fakhro
- Department of Human Genetics, Sidra Medicine, Doha, Qatar.
- College of Health and Life Sciences, Hamad Bin Khalifa University, Doha, Qatar.
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Weill Cornell Medicine-Qatar, Doha, Qatar.
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5
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Møller Nielsen AK, Dehn AM, Hjortdal V, Larsen LA. TBX5 variants and cardiac phenotype: A systematic review of the literature and a novel variant. Eur J Med Genet 2024; 68:104920. [PMID: 38336121 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2024.104920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2023] [Revised: 12/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
T-Box Transcription Factor 5 (TBX5) variants are associated with Holt-Oram syndrome. Holt-Oram syndrome display phenotypic variability, regarding upper limb defects, congenital heart defects, and arrhythmias. To investigate the genotype-phenotype relationship between TBX5 variants and cardiac disease, we performed a systematic review of the literature. Through the systematic review we identified 108 variants in TBX5 associated with a cardiac phenotype in 277 patients. Arrhythmias were more frequent in patients with a missense variant (48% vs 30%, p = 0.009) and upper limb abnormalities were more frequent in patients with protein-truncating variants (85% vs 64%, p = 0.0008). We found clustering of missense variants in the T-box domain. Furthermore, we present a family with atrial septal defects. By whole exome sequencing, we identified a novel missense variant p.Phe232Leu in TBX5. The cardiac phenotype included atrial septal defect, arrhythmias, heart failure, and dilated cardiomyopathy. Clinical examination revealed subtle upper limb abnormalities. Thus, the family corresponds to the diagnostic criteria of Holt-Oram syndrome. We provide an overview of cardiac phenotypes associated with TBX5 variants and show an increased risk of arrhythmias associated to missense variants compared to protein-truncating variants. We report a novel missense variant in TBX5 in a family with an atypical Holt-Oram syndrome phenotype.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Kathrine Møller Nielsen
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Denmark; Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anna Maria Dehn
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Vibeke Hjortdal
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Denmark
| | - Lars Allan Larsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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6
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Kathiriya IS, Dominguez MH, Rao KS, Muncie-Vasic JM, Devine WP, Hu KM, Hota SK, Garay BI, Quintero D, Goyal P, Matthews MN, Thomas R, Sukonnik T, Miguel-Perez D, Winchester S, Brower EF, Forjaz A, Wu PH, Wirtz D, Kiemen AL, Bruneau BG. A disrupted compartment boundary underlies abnormal cardiac patterning and congenital heart defects. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.02.05.578995. [PMID: 38370632 PMCID: PMC10871243 DOI: 10.1101/2024.02.05.578995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2024]
Abstract
Failure of septation of the interventricular septum (IVS) is the most common congenital heart defect (CHD), but mechanisms for patterning the IVS are largely unknown. We show that a Tbx5+/Mef2cAHF+ progenitor lineage forms a compartment boundary bisecting the IVS. This coordinated population originates at a first- and second heart field interface, subsequently forming a morphogenetic nexus. Ablation of Tbx5+/Mef2cAHF+ progenitors cause IVS disorganization, right ventricular hypoplasia and mixing of IVS lineages. Reduced dosage of the CHD transcription factor TBX5 disrupts boundary position and integrity, resulting in ventricular septation defects (VSDs) and patterning defects, including Slit2 and Ntn1 misexpression. Reducing NTN1 dosage partly rescues cardiac defects in Tbx5 mutant embryos. Loss of Slit2 or Ntn1 causes VSDs and perturbed septal lineage distributions. Thus, we identify essential cues that direct progenitors to pattern a compartment boundary for proper cardiac septation, revealing new mechanisms for cardiac birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irfan S Kathiriya
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Martin H Dominguez
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: Department of Medicine (Cardiovascular Medicine), Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Kavitha S Rao
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
| | | | - W Patrick Devine
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: Department of Pathology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | - Kevin M Hu
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: Creighton University School of Medicine, Omaha, NE
| | - Swetansu K Hota
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: Herman B. Wells Center for Pediatric Research, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN
| | - Bayardo I Garay
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: University of Minnesota Medical Scientist Training Program, Minneapolis, MN
| | - Diego Quintero
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: Department of Human Genetics, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Piyush Goyal
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Current address: Touro University California, Vallejo, CA
| | - Megan N Matthews
- Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Care, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
| | | | | | | | | | | | - André Forjaz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Pei-Hsun Wu
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Denis Wirtz
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Ashley L Kiemen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine, Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA
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7
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Maddhesiya J, Mohapatra B. Understanding the Genetic and Non-Genetic Interconnections in the Aetiology of Syndromic Congenital Heart Disease: An Updated Review: Part 2. Curr Cardiol Rep 2024; 26:167-178. [PMID: 38358608 DOI: 10.1007/s11886-024-02020-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Approximately 30% of syndromic cases diagnosed with CHD, which lure us to further investigate the molecular and clinical challenges behind syndromic CHD (sCHD). The aetiology of sCHD in a majority of cases remains enigmatic due to involvement of multiple factors, namely genetic, epigenetic and environmental modifiable risk factors for the development of the disease. Here, we aim to update the role of genetic contributors including chromosomal abnormalities, copy number variations (CNVs) and single gene mutations in cardiac specific genes, maternal lifestyle conditions, environmental exposures and epigenetic modifiers in causing CHD in different genetic syndromes. RECENT FINDINGS The exact aetiology of sCHD is still unknown. With the advancement of next-generation technologies including WGS, WES, transcriptome, proteome and methylome study, numerous novel genes and pathways have been identified. Moreover, our recent knowledge regarding epigenetic and environmental regulation during cardiogenesis is still evolving and may solve some of the mystery behind complex sCHD. Here, we focus to understand how the complex combination of genetic, environmental and epigenetic factors interact to interfere with developmental pathways, culminating into cardiac and extracardiac defects in sCHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyoti Maddhesiya
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bhagyalaxmi Mohapatra
- Cytogenetics Laboratory, Department of Zoology, Institute of Science, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, 221005, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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8
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Odogwu NM, Hagen C, Nelson TJ. Transcriptome studies of congenital heart diseases: identifying current gaps and therapeutic frontiers. Front Genet 2023; 14:1278747. [PMID: 38152655 PMCID: PMC10751320 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2023.1278747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) are genetically complex and comprise a wide range of structural defects that often predispose to - early heart failure, a common cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality. Transcriptome studies of CHD in human pediatric patients indicated a broad spectrum of diverse molecular signatures across various types of CHD. In order to advance research on congenital heart diseases (CHDs), we conducted a detailed review of transcriptome studies on this topic. Our analysis identified gaps in the literature, with a particular focus on the cardiac transcriptome signatures found in various biological specimens across different types of CHDs. In addition to translational studies involving human subjects, we also examined transcriptomic analyses of CHDs in a range of model systems, including iPSCs and animal models. We concluded that RNA-seq technology has revolutionized medical research and many of the discoveries from CHD transcriptome studies draw attention to biological pathways that concurrently open the door to a better understanding of cardiac development and related therapeutic avenue. While some crucial impediments to perfectly studying CHDs in this context remain obtaining pediatric cardiac tissue samples, phenotypic variation, and the lack of anatomical/spatial context with model systems. Combining model systems, RNA-seq technology, and integrating algorithms for analyzing transcriptomic data at both single-cell and high throughput spatial resolution is expected to continue uncovering unique biological pathways that are perturbed in CHDs, thus facilitating the development of novel therapy for congenital heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nkechi Martina Odogwu
- Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Clinton Hagen
- Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
| | - Timothy J. Nelson
- Program for Hypoplastic Left Heart Syndrome, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of General Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
- Division of Pediatric Cardiology, Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, United States
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9
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Duarte VE, Singh MN. Genetic syndromes associated with congenital heart disease. Heart 2023:heartjnl-2023-323126. [PMID: 38040449 DOI: 10.1136/heartjnl-2023-323126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart defects are the most common type of birth defect, affecting 1% of live births. The underlying cause of congenital heart disease is frequently unknown. However, advances in human genetics and genome technologies have helped expand congenital heart disease pathogenesis knowledge during the last few decades. When the cardiac defects are part of a genetic syndrome, they are associated with extracardiac conditions and require multidisciplinary care and surveillance. Some genetic syndromes can have subtle clinical findings and remain undiagnosed well into adulthood. Each syndrome is associated with specific congenital and acquired comorbidities and a particular clinical risk profile. A timely diagnosis is essential for risk stratification, surveillance of associated conditions and counselling, particularly during family planning. However, genetic testing and counselling indications can be challenging to identify in clinical practice. This document intends to provide an overview of the most clinically relevant syndromes to consider, focusing on the phenotype and genotype diagnosis, outcome data, clinical guidelines and implications for care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria E Duarte
- Houston Methodist Debakey Heart and Vascular Center, Houston, Texas, USA
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Michael N Singh
- Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Cardiology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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10
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Chen J. Evolutionarily new genes in humans with disease phenotypes reveal functional enrichment patterns shaped by adaptive innovation and sexual selection. RESEARCH SQUARE 2023:rs.3.rs-3632644. [PMID: 38045389 PMCID: PMC10690325 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-3632644/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
New genes (or young genes) are structural novelties pivotal in mammalian evolution. Their phenotypic impact on humans, however, remains elusive due to the technical and ethical complexities in functional studies. Through combining gene age dating with Mendelian disease phenotyping, our research reveals that new genes associated with disease phenotypes steadily integrate into the human genome at a rate of ~ 0.07% every million years over macroevolutionary timescales. Despite this stable pace, we observe distinct patterns in phenotypic enrichment, pleiotropy, and selective pressures between young and old genes. Notably, young genes show significant enrichment in the male reproductive system, indicating strong sexual selection. Young genes also exhibit functions in tissues and systems potentially linked to human phenotypic innovations, such as increased brain size, bipedal locomotion, and color vision. Our findings further reveal increasing levels of pleiotropy over evolutionary time, which accompanies stronger selective constraints. We propose a "pleiotropy-barrier" model that delineates different potentials for phenotypic innovation between young and older genes subject to natural selection. Our study demonstrates that evolutionary new genes are critical in influencing human reproductive evolution and adaptive phenotypic innovations driven by sexual and natural selection, with low pleiotropy as a selective advantage.
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11
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Kocere A, Lalonde RL, Mosimann C, Burger A. Lateral thinking in syndromic congenital cardiovascular disease. Dis Model Mech 2023; 16:dmm049735. [PMID: 37125615 PMCID: PMC10184679 DOI: 10.1242/dmm.049735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Syndromic birth defects are rare diseases that can present with seemingly pleiotropic comorbidities. Prime examples are rare congenital heart and cardiovascular anomalies that can be accompanied by forelimb defects, kidney disorders and more. Whether such multi-organ defects share a developmental link remains a key question with relevance to the diagnosis, therapeutic intervention and long-term care of affected patients. The heart, endothelial and blood lineages develop together from the lateral plate mesoderm (LPM), which also harbors the progenitor cells for limb connective tissue, kidneys, mesothelia and smooth muscle. This developmental plasticity of the LPM, which founds on multi-lineage progenitor cells and shared transcription factor expression across different descendant lineages, has the potential to explain the seemingly disparate syndromic defects in rare congenital diseases. Combining patient genome-sequencing data with model organism studies has already provided a wealth of insights into complex LPM-associated birth defects, such as heart-hand syndromes. Here, we summarize developmental and known disease-causing mechanisms in early LPM patterning, address how defects in these processes drive multi-organ comorbidities, and outline how several cardiovascular and hematopoietic birth defects with complex comorbidities may be LPM-associated diseases. We also discuss strategies to integrate patient sequencing, data-aggregating resources and model organism studies to mechanistically decode congenital defects, including potentially LPM-associated orphan diseases. Eventually, linking complex congenital phenotypes to a common LPM origin provides a framework to discover developmental mechanisms and to anticipate comorbidities in congenital diseases affecting the cardiovascular system and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnese Kocere
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Department of Molecular Life Science, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Robert L. Lalonde
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Christian Mosimann
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Alexa Burger
- University of Colorado School of Medicine, Anschutz Medical Campus, Department of Pediatrics, Section of Developmental Biology, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
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12
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Bolunduț AC, Lazea C, Mihu CM. Genetic Alterations of Transcription Factors and Signaling Molecules Involved in the Development of Congenital Heart Defects-A Narrative Review. CHILDREN (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 10:children10050812. [PMID: 37238360 DOI: 10.3390/children10050812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart defects (CHD) are the most common congenital abnormality, with an overall global birth prevalence of 9.41 per 1000 live births. The etiology of CHDs is complex and still poorly understood. Environmental factors account for about 10% of all cases, while the rest are likely explained by a genetic component that is still under intense research. Transcription factors and signaling molecules are promising candidates for studies regarding the genetic burden of CHDs. The present narrative review provides an overview of the current knowledge regarding some of the genetic mechanisms involved in the embryological development of the cardiovascular system. In addition, we reviewed the association between the genetic variation in transcription factors and signaling molecules involved in heart development, including TBX5, GATA4, NKX2-5 and CRELD1, and congenital heart defects, providing insight into the complex pathogenesis of this heterogeneous group of diseases. Further research is needed in order to uncover their downstream targets and the complex network of interactions with non-genetic risk factors for a better molecular-phenotype correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandru Cristian Bolunduț
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Cecilia Lazea
- 1st Department of Pediatrics, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- 1st Pediatrics Clinic, Emergency Pediatric Hospital, 400370 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Carmen Mihaela Mihu
- Department of Histology, "Iuliu Hațieganu" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 400012 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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13
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Armendariz DA, Goetsch SC, Sundarrajan A, Sivakumar S, Wang Y, Xie S, Munshi NV, Hon GC. CHD-associated enhancers shape human cardiomyocyte lineage commitment. eLife 2023; 12:e86206. [PMID: 37096669 PMCID: PMC10156167 DOI: 10.7554/elife.86206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Enhancers orchestrate gene expression programs that drive multicellular development and lineage commitment. Thus, genetic variants at enhancers are thought to contribute to developmental diseases by altering cell fate commitment. However, while many variant-containing enhancers have been identified, studies to endogenously test the impact of these enhancers on lineage commitment have been lacking. We perform a single-cell CRISPRi screen to assess the endogenous roles of 25 enhancers and putative cardiac target genes implicated in genetic studies of congenital heart defects (CHDs). We identify 16 enhancers whose repression leads to deficient differentiation of human cardiomyocytes (CMs). A focused CRISPRi validation screen shows that repression of TBX5 enhancers delays the transcriptional switch from mid- to late-stage CM states. Endogenous genetic deletions of two TBX5 enhancers phenocopy epigenetic perturbations. Together, these results identify critical enhancers of cardiac development and suggest that misregulation of these enhancers could contribute to cardiac defects in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Armendariz
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Sean C Goetsch
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Anjana Sundarrajan
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Sushama Sivakumar
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Yihan Wang
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Shiqi Xie
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Nikhil V Munshi
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Molecular Biology, McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
| | - Gary C Hon
- Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biology Sciences, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
- Lyda Hill Department of Bioinformatics, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical CenterDallasUnited States
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14
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Bosada FM, van Duijvenboden K, Giovou AE, Rivaud MR, Uhm JS, Verkerk AO, Boukens BJ, Christoffels VM. An atrial fibrillation-associated regulatory region modulates cardiac Tbx5 levels and arrhythmia susceptibility. eLife 2023; 12:80317. [PMID: 36715501 PMCID: PMC9928424 DOI: 10.7554/elife.80317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart development and rhythm control are highly Tbx5 dosage-sensitive. TBX5 haploinsufficiency causes congenital conduction disorders, whereas increased expression levels of TBX5 in human heart samples has been associated with atrial fibrillation (AF). We deleted the conserved mouse orthologues of two independent AF-associated genomic regions in the Tbx5 locus, one intronic (RE(int)) and one downstream (RE(down)) of Tbx5. In both lines, we observed a modest (30%) increase of Tbx5 in the postnatal atria. To gain insight into the effects of slight dosage increase in vivo, we investigated the atrial transcriptional, epigenetic and electrophysiological properties of both lines. Increased atrial Tbx5 expression was associated with induction of genes involved in development, ion transport and conduction, with increased susceptibility to atrial arrhythmias, and increased action potential duration of atrial cardiomyocytes. We identified an AF-associated variant in the human RE(int) that increases its transcriptional activity. Expression of the AF-associated transcription factor Prrx1 was induced in Tbx5RE(int)KO cardiomyocytes. We found that some of the transcriptional and functional changes in the atria caused by increased Tbx5 expression were normalized when reducing cardiac Prrx1 expression in Tbx5RE(int)KO mice, indicating an interaction between these two AF genes. We conclude that modest increases in expression of dose-dependent transcription factors, caused by common regulatory variants, significantly impact on the cardiac gene regulatory network and disease susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda M Bosada
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Karel van Duijvenboden
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Alexandra E Giovou
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Mathilde R Rivaud
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Jae-Sun Uhm
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Severance Hospital, College of Medicine, Yonsei UniversitySeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
- Department of Physiology, University of Maastricht, Cardiovascular Research Institute Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical CenterMaastrichtNetherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam Reproduction and Development, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
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15
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Kyriazis Z, Kollia P, Grivea I, Sotiriou S, Dailiana ZH. Genetics of congenital anomalies of the hand. World J Orthop 2022; 13:949-954. [PMID: 36439370 PMCID: PMC9685634 DOI: 10.5312/wjo.v13.i11.949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital anomalies of the hand are malformations occurring during the development of the human limb, and present as isolated disorders or as a part of a syndrome. During the last years, molecular analysis techniques have offered increasing knowledge about the molecular basis of hand malformations. Disturbances in the signaling pathways during the development of the upper limb result in malformations of the upper extremity. At present, several genes have been identified as responsible for hand anomalies and other have been recognized as suspect genes related to them. Different and new high throughput methods have been introduced for the identification of the gene mutations. In the current editorial, we summarize concisely the current molecular status of isolated hand genetic disorders and the recent progress in molecular genetics, including the genes related to the disorder. This progress improves the knowledge of these disorders and has implications on genetic counselling and prenatal diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zisis Kyriazis
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Panagoula Kollia
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens 10679, Greece
| | - Ioanna Grivea
- Department of Paediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Sotirios Sotiriou
- Laboratory of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
| | - Zoe H Dailiana
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, School of Health Sciences, University of Thessaly, Larissa 41500, Greece
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16
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Li X, Shi W, Ding X, Li J, Li Y, Wu J, Yuan Z, Nong T, Xu H, Zhu M. Identification of a novel TBX5 mutation in a Chinese family with rare symptoms of Holt–Oram syndrome. Heliyon 2022; 8:e11774. [DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e11774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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17
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Chan MMY, Sadeghi-Alavijeh O, Lopes FM, Hilger AC, Stanescu HC, Voinescu CD, Beaman GM, Newman WG, Zaniew M, Weber S, Ho YM, Connolly JO, Wood D, Maj C, Stuckey A, Kousathanas A, Kleta R, Woolf AS, Bockenhauer D, Levine AP, Gale DP. Diverse ancestry whole-genome sequencing association study identifies TBX5 and PTK7 as susceptibility genes for posterior urethral valves. eLife 2022; 11:e74777. [PMID: 36124557 PMCID: PMC9512401 DOI: 10.7554/elife.74777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Posterior urethral valves (PUV) are the commonest cause of end-stage renal disease in children, but the genetic architecture of this rare disorder remains unknown. We performed a sequencing-based genome-wide association study (seqGWAS) in 132 unrelated male PUV cases and 23,727 controls of diverse ancestry, identifying statistically significant associations with common variants at 12q24.21 (p=7.8 × 10-12; OR 0.4) and rare variants at 6p21.1 (p=2.0 × 10-8; OR 7.2), that were replicated in an independent European cohort of 395 cases and 4151 controls. Fine mapping and functional genomic data mapped these loci to the transcription factor TBX5 and planar cell polarity gene PTK7, respectively, the encoded proteins of which were detected in the developing urinary tract of human embryos. We also observed enrichment of rare structural variation intersecting with candidate cis-regulatory elements, particularly inversions predicted to affect chromatin looping (p=3.1 × 10-5). These findings represent the first robust genetic associations of PUV, providing novel insights into the underlying biology of this poorly understood disorder and demonstrate how a diverse ancestry seqGWAS can be used for disease locus discovery in a rare disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie MY Chan
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Filipa M Lopes
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Alina C Hilger
- Children's Hospital, University of BonnBonnGermany
- Institute of Human Genetics, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Horia C Stanescu
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Catalin D Voinescu
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Glenda M Beaman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - William G Newman
- Manchester Centre for Genomic Medicine, Manchester University NHS Foundation TrustManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Evolution and Genomic Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Marcin Zaniew
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Zielona GóraZielona GoraPoland
| | - Stefanie Weber
- Department of Pediatric Nephrology, University of MarburgMarburgGermany
| | - Yee Mang Ho
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - John O Connolly
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Department of Adolescent Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Dan Wood
- Department of Adolescent Urology, University College London Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Carlo Maj
- Center for Human Genetics, University of MarburgMarburgGermany
- Institute for Genomic Statistics and Bioinformatics, Medical Faculty, University of BonnBonnGermany
| | - Alexander Stuckey
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Robert Kleta
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Nephrology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Adrian S Woolf
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology & Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of ManchesterManchesterUnited Kingdom
- Royal Manchester Children’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester Academic Health Science CentreManchesterUnited Kingdom
| | - Detlef Bockenhauer
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Nephrology Department, Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation TrustLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Adam P Levine
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
- Research Department of Pathology, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Daniel P Gale
- Department of Renal Medicine, University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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18
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Wilde AAM, Semsarian C, Márquez MF, Shamloo AS, Ackerman MJ, Ashley EA, Sternick EB, Barajas-Martinez H, Behr ER, Bezzina CR, Breckpot J, Charron P, Chockalingam P, Crotti L, Gollob MH, Lubitz S, Makita N, Ohno S, Ortiz-Genga M, Sacilotto L, Schulze-Bahr E, Shimizu W, Sotoodehnia N, Tadros R, Ware JS, Winlaw DS, Kaufman ES. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) Expert Consensus Statement on the state of genetic testing for cardiac diseases. Europace 2022; 24:1307-1367. [PMID: 35373836 PMCID: PMC9435643 DOI: 10.1093/europace/euac030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 49.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A M Wilde
- Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Universitair Medische
Centra, Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute,
University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Manlio F Márquez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de
México, Mexico
- Member of the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)
| | | | - Michael J Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine,
and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm
Services and Pediatric Cardiology; Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and
Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo
Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University,
Stanford, California, USA
| | - Eduardo Back Sternick
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Unit, Biocor Institute,
Minas Gerais, Brazil; and
Member of the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)
| | - Héctor Barajas-Martinez
- Cardiovascular Research, Lankenau Institute of Medical
Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA; and Member of the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)
| | - Elijah R Behr
- Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical
Sciences, St. George’s, University of London; St. George’s University Hospitals NHS
Foundation Trust, London, UK; Mayo Clinic Healthcare, London
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Amsterdam UMC Heart Center, Department of Experimental
Cardiology, Amsterdam, The
Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven,
Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Charron
- Sorbonne Université, APHP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Cardiaques
Héréditaires, ICAN, Inserm UMR1166, Hôpital
Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Lia Crotti
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin,
Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
- Cardiomyopathy Unit and Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, San Luca Hospital,
Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan,
Italy
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of
Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael H Gollob
- Inherited Arrhythmia and Cardiomyopathy Program, Division of Cardiology,
University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Lubitz
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard
Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naomasa Makita
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Research
Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular
Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Martín Ortiz-Genga
- Clinical Department, Health in Code, A
Coruña, Spain; and Member of the Latin
American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)
| | - Luciana Sacilotto
- Arrhythmia Unit, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP,
Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao
Paulo, Brazil; and Member of the Latin
American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases, University Hospital
Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon
Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of
Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA,
USA
| | - Rafik Tadros
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart
Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal,
Canada
| | - James S Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical
Sciences, Imperial College London, London,
UK
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s
and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David S Winlaw
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of
Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Kaufman
- Metrohealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University,
Cleveland, OH, USA
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19
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Zhao M, Yin N, Yang R, Li S, Zhang S, Faiola F. Environmentally relevant exposure to TBBPA and its analogues may not drastically affect human early cardiac development. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2022; 306:119467. [PMID: 35577262 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.119467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2022] [Revised: 04/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tetrabromobisphenol A (TBBPA) and its substitutes and derivatives have been widely used as halogenated flame retardants (HFRs), in the past few decades. As a consequence, these compounds are frequently detected in the environment, as well as human bodily fluids, especially umbilical cord blood and breast milk. This has raised awareness of their potential risks to fetuses and infants. In this study, we employed human embryonic stem cell differentiation models to assess the potential developmental toxicity of six TBBPA-like compounds, at human relevant nanomolar concentrations. To mimic early embryonic development, we utilized embryoid body-based 3D differentiation in presence of the six HFRs. Transcriptomics data showed that HFR exposure over 16 days of differentiation only interfered with the expression of a few genes, indicating those six HFRs may not have specific tissue/organ targets during embryonic development. Nevertheless, further analyses revealed that some cardiac-related genes were dysregulated. Since the heart is also the first organ to develop, we employed a cardiac differentiation model to analyze the six HFRs' potential developmental toxicity in more depth. Overall, HFRs of interest did not significantly disturb the canonical WNT pathway, which is an essential signal transduction pathway for cardiac development. In addition, the six HFRs showed only mild changes in gene expression levels for cardiomyocyte markers, such as NKX2.5, MYH7, and MYL4, as well as a significant down-regulation of some but not all the epicardial and smooth muscle cell markers selected. Taken together, our results show that the six studied HFRs, at human relevant concentrations, may impose negligible effects on embryogenesis and heart development. Nevertheless, higher exposure doses might affect the early stages of heart development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miaomiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Nuoya Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Renjun Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shichang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Shuxian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Francesco Faiola
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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20
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Wilde AAM, Semsarian C, Márquez MF, Sepehri Shamloo A, Ackerman MJ, Ashley EA, Sternick Eduardo B, Barajas‐Martinez H, Behr ER, Bezzina CR, Breckpot J, Charron P, Chockalingam P, Crotti L, Gollob MH, Lubitz S, Makita N, Ohno S, Ortiz‐Genga M, Sacilotto L, Schulze‐Bahr E, Shimizu W, Sotoodehnia N, Tadros R, Ware JS, Winlaw DS, Kaufman ES, Aiba T, Bollmann A, Choi J, Dalal A, Darrieux F, Giudicessi J, Guerchicoff M, Hong K, Krahn AD, Mac Intyre C, Mackall JA, Mont L, Napolitano C, Ochoa Juan P, Peichl P, Pereira AC, Schwartz PJ, Skinner J, Stellbrink C, Tfelt‐Hansen J, Deneke T. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) Expert Consensus Statement on the state of genetic testing for cardiac diseases. J Arrhythm 2022; 38:491-553. [PMID: 35936045 PMCID: PMC9347209 DOI: 10.1002/joa3.12717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A. M. Wilde
- Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Universitair Medische CentraAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Manlio F. Márquez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio ChávezCiudad de MéxicoMexico
| | | | - Michael J. Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology; Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Euan A. Ashley
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA
| | | | | | - Elijah R. Behr
- Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George’sUniversity of London; St. George’s University Hospitals NHS Foundation TrustLondonUKMayo Clinic HealthcareLondon
| | - Connie R. Bezzina
- Amsterdam UMC Heart Center, Department of Experimental CardiologyAmsterdamThe Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human GeneticsUniversity Hospitals LeuvenLeuvenBelgium
| | | | | | - Lia Crotti
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCSMilanItaly
- Cardiomyopathy Unit and Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCSMilanItaly
- Department of Medicine and SurgeryUniversity of Milano‐BicoccaMilanItaly
| | - Michael H. Gollob
- Inherited Arrhythmia and Cardiomyopathy Program, Division of CardiologyUniversity of TorontoTorontoONCanada
| | - Steven Lubitz
- Cardiac Arrhythmia ServiceMassachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMAUSA
| | - Naomasa Makita
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterResearch InstituteSuitaJapan
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular CenterSuitaJapan
| | | | - Luciana Sacilotto
- Arrhythmia Unit, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao PauloBrazil
| | - Eric Schulze‐Bahr
- Institute for Genetics of Heart DiseasesUniversity Hospital MünsterMünsterGermany
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineGraduate School of MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of MedicineUniversity of WashingtonSeattleWAUSA
| | - Rafik Tadros
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart InstituteUniversité de MontréalMontrealCanada
| | - James S. Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical SciencesImperial College LondonLondonUK
- Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guy’s and St. Thomas’ NHS Foundation TrustLondonUK
| | - David S. Winlaw
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical CentreUniversity of CincinnatiCincinnatiOHUSA
| | | | - Takeshi Aiba
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, SuitaOsakaJapan
| | - Andreas Bollmann
- Department of ElectrophysiologyHeart Center Leipzig at University of LeipzigLeipzigGermany
- Leipzig Heart InstituteLeipzigGermany
| | - Jong‐Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam HospitalKorea University College of MedicineSeoulRepublic of Korea
| | - Aarti Dalal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of CardiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTNUSA
| | - Francisco Darrieux
- Arrhythmia Unit, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São PauloSão PauloBrazil
| | - John Giudicessi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Circulatory Failure and the Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic), Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Mariana Guerchicoff
- Division of Pediatric Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Italian Hospital of Buenos AiresBuenos AiresArgentina
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular MedicineThe Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang UniversityNanchangChina
| | - Andrew D. Krahn
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of British ColumbiaVancouverCanada
| | - Ciorsti Mac Intyre
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic, Mayo ClinicRochesterMNUSA
| | - Judith A. Mackall
- Center for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical CenterCase Western Reserve University School of MedicineClevelandOHUSA
| | - Lluís Mont
- Institut d’Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS). Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), MadridSpain
| | - Carlo Napolitano
- Molecular Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCSPaviaItaly
- Department of Molecular MedicineUniversity of PaviaPaviaItaly
| | - Pablo Ochoa Juan
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), MadridSpain
- Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de HierroMadridSpain
- Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Cariovasculares (CIBERCV), MadridSpain
| | - Petr Peichl
- Department of CardiologyInstitute for Clinical and Experimental MedicinePragueCzech Republic
| | - Alexandre C. Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart InstituteUniversity of São Paulo Medical SchoolSão PauloBrazil
- Hipercol Brasil ProgramSão PauloBrazil
| | - Peter J. Schwartz
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCSMilanItaly
| | - Jon Skinner
- Sydney Childrens Hospital NetworkUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia
| | - Christoph Stellbrink
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care MedicineUniversity Hospital Campus Klinikum BielefeldBielefeldGermany
| | - Jacob Tfelt‐Hansen
- The Department of Cardiology, the Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshopitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Thomas Deneke
- Heart Center Bad NeustadtBad Neustadt a.d. SaaleGermany
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21
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Wilde AAM, Semsarian C, Márquez MF, Sepehri Shamloo A, Ackerman MJ, Ashley EA, Sternick EB, Barajas-Martinez H, Behr ER, Bezzina CR, Breckpot J, Charron P, Chockalingam P, Crotti L, Gollob MH, Lubitz S, Makita N, Ohno S, Ortiz-Genga M, Sacilotto L, Schulze-Bahr E, Shimizu W, Sotoodehnia N, Tadros R, Ware JS, Winlaw DS, Kaufman ES, Aiba T, Bollmann A, Choi JI, Dalal A, Darrieux F, Giudicessi J, Guerchicoff M, Hong K, Krahn AD, MacIntyre C, Mackall JA, Mont L, Napolitano C, Ochoa JP, Peichl P, Pereira AC, Schwartz PJ, Skinner J, Stellbrink C, Tfelt-Hansen J, Deneke T. European Heart Rhythm Association (EHRA)/Heart Rhythm Society (HRS)/Asia Pacific Heart Rhythm Society (APHRS)/Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS) Expert Consensus Statement on the State of Genetic Testing for Cardiac Diseases. Heart Rhythm 2022; 19:e1-e60. [PMID: 35390533 DOI: 10.1016/j.hrthm.2022.03.1225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arthur A M Wilde
- Heart Centre, Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam Universitair Medische Centra, Amsterdam, location AMC, The Netherlands.
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology at Centenary Institute, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia.
| | - Manlio F Márquez
- Instituto Nacional de Cardiología Ignacio Chávez, Ciudad de México, Mexico; and Member of the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS).
| | | | - Michael J Ackerman
- Departments of Cardiovascular Medicine, Pediatric and Adolescent Medicine, and Molecular Pharmacology & Experimental Therapeutics; Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Pediatric Cardiology; Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic and Windland Smith Rice Sudden Death Genomics Laboratory, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Euan A Ashley
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Eduardo Back Sternick
- Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology Unit, Biocor Institute, Minas Gerais, Brazil; and Member of the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)
| | | | - Elijah R Behr
- Cardiovascular Clinical Academic Group, Institute of Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's, University of London; St. George's University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK; Mayo Clinic Healthcare, London
| | - Connie R Bezzina
- Amsterdam UMC Heart Center, Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen Breckpot
- Center for Human Genetics, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Philippe Charron
- Sorbonne Université, APHP, Centre de Référence des Maladies Cardiaques Héréditaires, ICAN, Inserm UMR1166, Hôpital Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France
| | | | - Lia Crotti
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Cardiomyopathy Unit and Cardiac Rehabilitation Unit, San Luca Hospital, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milan, Italy
| | - Michael H Gollob
- Inherited Arrhythmia and Cardiomyopathy Program, Division of Cardiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Steven Lubitz
- Cardiac Arrhythmia Service, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Naomasa Makita
- National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Research Institute, Suita, Japan
| | - Seiko Ohno
- Department of Bioscience and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Japan
| | - Martín Ortiz-Genga
- Clinical Department, Health in Code, A Coruña, Spain; and Member of the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)
| | - Luciana Sacilotto
- Arrhythmia Unit, Instituto do Coracao, Hospital das Clinicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil; and Member of the Latin American Heart Rhythm Society (LAHRS)
| | - Eric Schulze-Bahr
- Institute for Genetics of Heart Diseases, University Hospital Münster, Münster, Germany
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Nona Sotoodehnia
- Cardiovascular Health Research Unit, Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rafik Tadros
- Cardiovascular Genetics Center, Department of Medicine, Montreal Heart Institute, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Canada
| | - James S Ware
- National Heart and Lung Institute and MRC London Institute of Medical Sciences, Imperial College London, London, UK; Royal Brompton & Harefield Hospitals, Guy's and St. Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - David S Winlaw
- Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Centre, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, USA
| | - Elizabeth S Kaufman
- Metrohealth Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA.
| | - Takeshi Aiba
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine and Genetics, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Suita, Osaka, Japan
| | - Andreas Bollmann
- Department of Electrophysiology, Heart Center Leipzig at University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; Leipzig Heart Institute, Leipzig Heart Digital, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jong-Il Choi
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Korea University Anam Hospital, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Aarti Dalal
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Cardiology, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Francisco Darrieux
- Arrhythmia Unit, Instituto do Coração, Hospital das Clínicas HCFMUSP, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - John Giudicessi
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine (Divisions of Heart Rhythm Services and Circulatory Failure and the Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic), Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mariana Guerchicoff
- Division of Pediatric Arrhythmia and Electrophysiology, Italian Hospital of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Kui Hong
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
| | - Andrew D Krahn
- Division of Cardiology, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Ciorsti MacIntyre
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Division of Heart Rhythm Services, Windland Smith Rice Genetic Heart Rhythm Clinic, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Judith A Mackall
- Center for Cardiac Electrophysiology and Pacing, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Lluís Mont
- Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi Sunyer (IDIBAPS), Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Cardiovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Carlo Napolitano
- Molecular Cardiology, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Pavia, Italy; Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy
| | - Juan Pablo Ochoa
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares Carlos III (CNIC), Madrid, Spain; Heart Failure and Inherited Cardiac Diseases Unit, Department of Cardiology, Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro, Madrid, Spain; Centro de Investigacion Biomedica en Red en Enfermedades Cariovasculares (CIBERCV), Madrid, Spain
| | - Petr Peichl
- Department of Cardiology, Institute for Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Alexandre C Pereira
- Laboratory of Genetics and Molecular Cardiology, Heart Institute, University of São Paulo Medical School, São Paulo 05403-000, Brazil; Hipercol Brasil Program, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Peter J Schwartz
- Center for Cardiac Arrhythmias of Genetic Origin, Istituto Auxologico Italiano, IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Jon Skinner
- Sydney Childrens Hospital Network, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - Christoph Stellbrink
- Department of Cardiology and Intensive Care Medicine, University Hospital Campus Klinikum Bielefeld, Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Jacob Tfelt-Hansen
- The Department of Cardiology, the Heart Centre, Copenhagen University Hospital, Rigshopitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark; Section of Genetics, Department of Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Thomas Deneke
- Heart Center Bad Neustadt, Bad Neustadt a.d. Saale, Germany
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22
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Azab B, Aburizeg D, Ji W, Jeffries L, Isbeih NJ, Al-Akily AS, Mohammad H, Osba YA, Shahin MA, Dardas Z, Hatmal MM, Al-Ammouri I, Lakhani S. TBX5 variant with the novel phenotype of mixed‑type total anomalous pulmonary venous return in Holt‑Oram Syndrome and variable intrafamilial heart defects. Mol Med Rep 2022; 25:210. [PMID: 35514310 PMCID: PMC9133962 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2022.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Variants in T‑box transcription factor 5 (TBX5) can result in a wide phenotypic spectrum, specifically in the heart and the limbs. TBX5 has been implicated in causing non‑syndromic cardiac defects and Holt‑Oram syndrome (HOS). The present study investigated the underlying molecular etiology of a family with heterogeneous heart defects. The proband had mixed‑type total anomalous pulmonary venous return (mixed‑type TAPVR), whereas her mother had an atrial septal defect. Genetic testing through trio‑based whole‑exome sequencing was used to reveal the molecular etiology. A nonsense variant was identified in TBX5 (c.577G>T; p.Gly193*) initially showing co‑segregation with a presumably non‑syndromic presentation of congenital heart disease. Subsequent genetic investigations and more complete phenotyping led to the correct diagnosis of HOS, documenting the novel association of mixed‑type TAPVR with HOS. Finally, protein modeling of the mutant TBX5 protein that harbored this pathogenic nonsense variant (p.Gly193*) revealed a substantial drop in the quantity of non‑covalent bonds. The decrease in the number of non‑covalent bonds suggested that the resultant mutant dimer was less stable compared with the wild‑type protein, consequently affecting the protein's ability to bind DNA. The present findings extended the phenotypic cardiac defects associated with HOS; to the best of our knowledge, this is the first association of mixed‑type TAPVR with TBX5. Prior to the current analysis, the molecular association of TAPVR with HOS had never been documented; hence, this is the first genetic investigation to report the association between TAPVR and HOS. Furthermore, it was demonstrated that the null‑variants reported in the T‑box domain of TBX5 were associated with a wide range of cardiac and/or skeletal anomalies on both the inter‑and intrafamilial levels. In conclusion, genetic testing was highlighted as a potentially powerful approach in the prognostication of the proper diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bilal Azab
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
- Correspondence to: Dr Bilal Azab, Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, 3959 Broadway, New York, NY 10032, USA, E-mail:
| | - Dunia Aburizeg
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Weizhen Ji
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Lauren Jeffries
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
| | - Nooredeen Jamal Isbeih
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Amal Saleh Al-Akily
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Hashim Mohammad
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Yousef Abu Osba
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Mohammad A. Shahin
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology and Forensic Medicine, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Zain Dardas
- Department of Molecular and Human Genetics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Ma'mon M. Hatmal
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, The Hashemite University, Zarqa 13133, Jordan
| | - Iyad Al-Ammouri
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
| | - Saquib Lakhani
- Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06504, USA
- Dr Saquib Lakhani, Pediatric Genomics Discovery Program, Department of Pediatrics, Yale University School of Medicine, 1 Park Street, Wing West Pavilion, New Haven, CT 06504, USA, E-mail:
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23
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Rao KS, Kameswaran V, Bruneau BG. Modeling congenital heart disease: lessons from mice, hPSC-based models, and organoids. Genes Dev 2022; 36:652-663. [PMID: 35835508 PMCID: PMC9296004 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349678.122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In this review, Rao et al. contrast mouse models of CHD, which maintain the anatomical arrangement of the heart, and human cellular models of CHD, which are more likely to capture human-specific biology but lack anatomical structure. They also discuss the recent development of cardiac organoids, which are a promising step toward more anatomically informative human models of CHD. Congenital heart defects (CHDs) are among the most common birth defects, but their etiology has long been mysterious. In recent decades, the development of a variety of experimental models has led to a greater understanding of the molecular basis of CHDs. In this review, we contrast mouse models of CHD, which maintain the anatomical arrangement of the heart, and human cellular models of CHD, which are more likely to capture human-specific biology but lack anatomical structure. We also discuss the recent development of cardiac organoids, which are a promising step toward more anatomically informative human models of CHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavitha S Rao
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Vasumathi Kameswaran
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, California 94158, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California at San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94158, USA
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24
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Almonaem ERA, Soliman DR, El Sayed MAM, Ahmed IA, Abdelrahman EG. Association between SNP rs59382073 in TBX2 3′ UTR and susceptibility to congenital heart diseases. GENE REPORTS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2022.101609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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25
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CHD4 is recruited by GATA4 and NKX2-5 to repress noncardiac gene programs in the developing heart. Genes Dev 2022; 36:468-482. [PMID: 35450884 PMCID: PMC9067406 DOI: 10.1101/gad.349154.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, Robbe et al. investigated how CHD4/NuRD is localized to specific cardiac target genes, as neither CHD4 nor NuRD can directly bind DNA. They coupled a bioinformatics-based approach with mass spectrometry analyses to demonstrate that CHD4 interacts with the core cardiac transcription factors GATA4, NKX2-5, and TBX5 during embryonic heart development, thus providing new insights into how mutations in the CHD4 protein lead to cardiac-specific disease states. The nucleosome remodeling and deacetylase (NuRD) complex is one of the central chromatin remodeling complexes that mediates gene repression. NuRD is essential for numerous developmental events, including heart development. Clinical and genetic studies have provided direct evidence for the role of chromodomain helicase DNA-binding protein 4 (CHD4), the catalytic component of NuRD, in congenital heart disease (CHD), including atrial and ventricular septal defects. Furthermore, it has been demonstrated that CHD4 is essential for mammalian cardiomyocyte formation and function. A key unresolved question is how CHD4/NuRD is localized to specific cardiac target genes, as neither CHD4 nor NuRD can directly bind DNA. Here, we coupled a bioinformatics-based approach with mass spectrometry analyses to demonstrate that CHD4 interacts with the core cardiac transcription factors GATA4, NKX2-5, and TBX5 during embryonic heart development. Using transcriptomics and genome-wide occupancy data, we characterized the genomic landscape of GATA4, NKX2-5, and TBX5 repression and defined the direct cardiac gene targets of the GATA4–CHD4, NKX2-5–CHD4, and TBX5-CHD4 complexes. These data were used to identify putative cis-regulatory elements controlled by these complexes. We genetically interrogated two of these silencers in vivo: Acta1 and Myh11. We show that deletion of these silencers leads to inappropriate skeletal and smooth muscle gene misexpression, respectively, in the embryonic heart. These results delineate how CHD4/NuRD is localized to specific cardiac loci and explicates how mutations in the broadly expressed CHD4 protein lead to cardiac-specific disease states.
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26
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Paul A, Limon BH, Hossain M, Raza T. An integrated computational approach to screening of alkaloids inhibitors of TBX3 in breast cancer cell lines. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 41:3025-3041. [PMID: 35253621 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2022.2046166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
TBX3 is an ancient and evolutionarily conserved family member of T-box transcription factors that acts as a key regulator in embryonic development and organogenesis. It is often overexpressed in various epithelial and mesenchymal malignancies which has a significant impact on various hallmarks of cancer, which mainly includes senescence shunt, apoptosis, anoikis, angiogenesis, and promoting metastatic and expansion of cancer stem cells. In addition to the role of TBX3 in early breast development, a number of studies have also confirmed the amplification of TBX3 in the occurrence and development of breast cancer. To overcome a major challenge in breast cancer treatment, resistance to current anti-cancer drug, it is important to develop new drug pipeline. In this study of different alkaloid molecules, to identify potential alkaloid inhibitors of TBX3, a structure based virtual screening was done involving molecular docking, ADME, toxicity analysis, molecular dynamics simulation. From our study 5 ligands named Jervine, Diflomotecan, Camptothecin, Vincamine, and Anoniane were primarily confirmed as potential inhibitors. The followed screening manner funnels out five potential compounds that have a high scoring function that emphasizes their high binding ability along with no toxicity effects. The molecular mechanics-generalized born surface area (MM-GBSA) and molecular dynamics (MD) simulation showed that Jervine along with Diflomotecan formed the stable complexes with TBX3 which makes it obvious that these two alkaloids can be introduced into the drug development pipeline and used as a new leader to develop new effective drugs against breast cancer.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjasu Paul
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | | | - Mobarok Hossain
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
| | - Thosif Raza
- Department of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Chittagong, Chattogram, Bangladesh
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27
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Gonzalez-Teran B, Pittman M, Felix F, Thomas R, Richmond-Buccola D, Hüttenhain R, Choudhary K, Moroni E, Costa MW, Huang Y, Padmanabhan A, Alexanian M, Lee CY, Maven BEJ, Samse-Knapp K, Morton SU, McGregor M, Gifford CA, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Gelb BD, Colombo G, Conklin BR, Black BL, Bruneau BG, Krogan NJ, Pollard KS, Srivastava D. Transcription factor protein interactomes reveal genetic determinants in heart disease. Cell 2022; 185:794-814.e30. [PMID: 35182466 PMCID: PMC8923057 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2022.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is present in 1% of live births, yet identification of causal mutations remains challenging. We hypothesized that genetic determinants for CHDs may lie in the protein interactomes of transcription factors whose mutations cause CHDs. Defining the interactomes of two transcription factors haplo-insufficient in CHD, GATA4 and TBX5, within human cardiac progenitors, and integrating the results with nearly 9,000 exomes from proband-parent trios revealed an enrichment of de novo missense variants associated with CHD within the interactomes. Scoring variants of interactome members based on residue, gene, and proband features identified likely CHD-causing genes, including the epigenetic reader GLYR1. GLYR1 and GATA4 widely co-occupied and co-activated cardiac developmental genes, and the identified GLYR1 missense variant disrupted interaction with GATA4, impairing in vitro and in vivo function in mice. This integrative proteomic and genetic approach provides a framework for prioritizing and interrogating genetic variants in heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Gonzalez-Teran
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Maureen Pittman
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Franco Felix
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | - Desmond Richmond-Buccola
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Hüttenhain
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Mauro W Costa
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Yu Huang
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Arun Padmanabhan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Michael Alexanian
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Clara Youngna Lee
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Bonnie E J Maven
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Graduate Program, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kaitlen Samse-Knapp
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Sarah U Morton
- Division of Newborn Medicine, Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Michael McGregor
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Casey A Gifford
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - J G Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Christine E Seidman
- Department of Genetics, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Cardiovascular Division, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Bruce D Gelb
- Department of Genetics and Genomic Sciences, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Mindich Child Health and Development Institute, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA; Department of Pediatrics, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Bruce R Conklin
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Brian L Black
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Benoit G Bruneau
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nevan J Krogan
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA; Quantitative Biosciences Institute (QBI), University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine S Pollard
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Chan Zuckerberg Biohub, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Epidemiology & Biostatistics, Institute for Computational Health Sciences, and Institute for Human Genetics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
| | - Deepak Srivastava
- Gladstone Institutes, San Francisco, CA, USA; Roddenberry Center for Stem Cell Biology and Medicine at Gladstone, San Francisco, CA, USA; Division of Cardiology, Department of Pediatrics, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA.
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van Ouwerkerk AF, Bosada FM, van Duijvenboden K, Houweling AC, Scholman KT, Wakker V, Allaart CP, Uhm JS, Mathijssen IB, Baartscheer T, Postma AV, Barnett P, Verkerk AO, Boukens BJ, Christoffels VM. Patient-specific TBX5-G125R Variant Induces Profound Transcriptional Deregulation and Atrial Dysfunction. Circulation 2022; 145:606-619. [PMID: 35113653 PMCID: PMC8860223 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.121.054347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: The pathogenic missense variant p.G125R in TBX5 causes Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS; hand-heart syndrome) and early onset of atrial fibrillation. Revealing how an altered key developmental transcription factor modulates cardiac physiology in vivo will provide unique insights into the mechanisms underlying atrial fibrillation in these patients. Methods: We analyzed electrocardiograms (ECGs) of an extended family pedigree of HOS patients. Next, we introduced the TBX5-p.G125R variant in the mouse genome (Tbx5G125R) and performed electrophysiological analyses (ECG, optical mapping, patch clamp, intracellular calcium measurements), transcriptomics (single nuclei and tissue RNA sequencing) and epigenetic profiling (ATAC-sequencing, H3K27ac CUT&RUN-sequencing). Results: We discovered high incidence of atrial extra systoles and atrioventricular conduction disturbances in HOS patients. Tbx5G125R/+ mice were morphologically unaffected and displayed variable RR intervals, atrial extra systoles and susceptibility to atrial fibrillation, reminiscent of TBX5-p.G125R patients. Atrial conduction velocity was not affected but systolic and diastolic intracellular calcium concentrations were decreased and action potentials prolonged in isolated cardiomyocytes of Tbx5G125R/+ mice compared to controls. Transcriptional profiling of atria revealed most profound transcriptional changes in cardiomyocytes versus other cell types, and identified over a thousand coding and non-coding transcripts that were differentially expressed. Epigenetic profiling uncovered thousands of TBX5-p.G125R sensitive putative regulatory elements (including enhancers) that gained accessibility in atrial cardiomyocytes. The majority of sites with increased accessibility were occupied by Tbx5. The small group of sites with reduced accessibility was enriched for DNA binding motifs of members of the SP- and KLF families of transcription factors. These data show that Tbx5-p.G125R induces changes in regulatory element activity, altered transcriptional regulation and changed cardiomyocyte behavior, possibly caused by altered DNA binding and cooperativity properties. Conclusions: Our data reveal how a disease-causing missense variant in TBX5 induces profound changes in the atrial transcriptional regulatory network and epigenetic state in vivo, leading to arrhythmia reminiscent of those seen in human TBX5-p.G125R variant carriers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antoinette F van Ouwerkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Aix-Marseille University, INSERM, TAGC, U1090, Marseille, France
| | - Fernanda M Bosada
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karel van Duijvenboden
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arjan C Houweling
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Koen T Scholman
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent Wakker
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Cornelis P Allaart
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jae-Sun Uhm
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge B Mathijssen
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ton Baartscheer
- Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alex V Postma
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Phil Barnett
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Arie O Verkerk
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands; Department of Experimental Cardiology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan J Boukens
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Vincent M Christoffels
- Department of Medical Biology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Cardiovascular Sciences, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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29
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Garry GA, Bassel-Duby R, Olson EN. Direct reprogramming as a route to cardiac repair. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2022; 122:3-13. [PMID: 34246567 PMCID: PMC8738780 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2021.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 05/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease is the leading cause of morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure worldwide due to an inability of the heart to regenerate following injury. Thus, novel heart failure therapies aimed at promoting cardiomyocyte regeneration are desperately needed. In recent years, direct reprogramming of resident cardiac fibroblasts to induced cardiac-like myocytes (iCMs) has emerged as a promising therapeutic strategy to repurpose the fibrotic response of the injured heart toward a functional myocardium. Direct cardiac reprogramming was initially achieved through the overexpression of the transcription factors (TFs) Gata4, Mef2c, and Tbx5 (GMT). However, this combination of TFs and other subsequent cocktails demonstrated limited success in reprogramming adult human and mouse fibroblasts, constraining the clinical translation of this therapy. Over the past decade, significant effort has been dedicated to optimizing reprogramming cocktails comprised of cardiac TFs, epigenetic factors, microRNAs, or small molecules to yield efficient cardiac cell fate conversion. Yet, efficient reprogramming of adult human fibroblasts remains a significant challenge. Underlying mechanisms identified to accelerate this process have been centered on epigenetic remodeling at cardiac gene regulatory regions. Further studies to achieve a refined understanding and directed means of overcoming epigenetic barriers are merited to more rapidly translate these promising therapies to the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glynnis A. Garry
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,The Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Rhonda Bassel-Duby
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,The Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX
| | - Eric N. Olson
- Department of Molecular Biology, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,The Hamon Center for Regenerative Science and Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Senator Paul D. Wellstone Muscular Dystrophy Specialized Research Center, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX,Correspondence: Eric N. Olson, Ph.D. 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, Texas, 75390-9148, Tel: 214-648-1187,
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30
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Foreste V, Riccardi C, Zizolfi B, Gallo A, Di Spiezio Sardo A. Prenatal diagnosis of Holt-Oram syndrome. CASE REPORTS IN PERINATAL MEDICINE 2022. [DOI: 10.1515/crpm-2021-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
To detect common congenital disorders in Holt-Oram syndrome.
Case presentation
We present a case of a 32 years old primigravida pregnant woman affected by Holt-Oram syndrome referred to our institution for second trimester routine anatomy scan. The ultrasound reported a bilateral aplasia radii, slightly curved ulna and bilateral twisted hand with four digital rays. A significant enlargement of the right atrium without tricuspid regurgitation was also detected. The patient refused the amniocentesis and the postnatal evaluation confirmed the diagnosis of Holt-Oram syndrome.
Conclusions
Holt-Oram syndrome is an autosomal dominant genetic condition. It is characterized by abnormalities in the bones of the upper limb and congenital heart malformation. The mutation can be inherited, but most cases result from a new mutation in patients without family history of the disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Foreste
- Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry School of Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Carla Riccardi
- Department of Public Health , School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Brunella Zizolfi
- Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry School of Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Alessandra Gallo
- Department of Neuroscience Reproductive Sciences and Dentistry School of Medicine , School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples , Naples , Italy
| | - Attilio Di Spiezio Sardo
- Department of Public Health , School of Medicine, University of Naples Federico II Naples , Naples , Italy
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31
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Chitty-Lopez M, Duff C, Vaughn G, Trotter J, Monforte H, Lindsay D, Haddad E, Keller MD, Oshrine BR, Leiding JW. Case Report: Unmanipulated Matched Sibling Donor Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation In TBX1 Congenital Athymia: A Lifesaving Therapeutic Approach When Facing a Systemic Viral Infection. Front Immunol 2022; 12:721917. [PMID: 35095830 PMCID: PMC8794793 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.721917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Congenital athymia can present with severe T cell lymphopenia (TCL) in the newborn period, which can be detected by decreased T cell receptor excision circles (TRECs) on newborn screening (NBS). The most common thymic stromal defect causing selective TCL is 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS). T-box transcription factor 1 (TBX1), present on chromosome 22, is responsible for thymic epithelial development. Single variants in TBX1 causing haploinsufficiency cause a clinical syndrome that mimics 22q11.2DS. Definitive therapy for congenital athymia is allogeneic thymic transplantation. However, universal availability of such therapy is limited. We present a patient with early diagnosis of congenital athymia due to TBX1 haploinsufficiency. While evaluating for thymic transplantation, she developed Omenn Syndrome (OS) and life-threatening adenoviremia. Despite treatment with anti-virals and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs), life threatening adenoviremia persisted. Given the imminent need for rapid establishment of T cell immunity and viral clearance, the patient underwent an unmanipulated matched sibling donor (MSD) hematopoietic cell transplant (HCT), ultimately achieving post-thymic donor-derived engraftment, viral clearance, and immune reconstitution. This case illustrates that because of the slower immune recovery that occurs following thymus transplantation and the restricted availability of thymus transplantation globally, clinicians may consider CTL therapy and HCT to treat congenital athymia patients with severe infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Chitty-Lopez
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Carla Duff
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Gretchen Vaughn
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy for Non-Malignant Conditions, Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute at Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Jessica Trotter
- Division of Pediatric Allergy and Immunology, University of South Florida, Tampa, FL, United States
| | - Hector Monforte
- Department of Pathology, Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
| | - David Lindsay
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, United States
- Division of Immuno-Allergy and Rheumatology, The Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elie Haddad
- Division of Immuno-Allergy and Rheumatology, The Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Sainte-Justine, Montreal, QC, Canada
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Michael D. Keller
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC, United States
| | - Benjamin R. Oshrine
- Center for Cell and Gene Therapy for Non-Malignant Conditions, Cancer and Blood Disorders Institute at Johns Hopkins All Children’s Hospital, St. Petersburg, FL, United States
| | - Jennifer W. Leiding
- Division of Allergy and Immunology, Department of Pediatrics, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, United States
- Infectious Diseases and Immunology Division. Arnold Palmer Hospital for Children, Orlando, FL, United States
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32
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Gauvrit S, Bossaer J, Lee J, Collins MM. Modeling Human Cardiac Arrhythmias: Insights from Zebrafish. J Cardiovasc Dev Dis 2022; 9:jcdd9010013. [PMID: 35050223 PMCID: PMC8779270 DOI: 10.3390/jcdd9010013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiac arrhythmia, or irregular heart rhythm, is associated with morbidity and mortality and is described as one of the most important future public health challenges. Therefore, developing new models of cardiac arrhythmia is critical for understanding disease mechanisms, determining genetic underpinnings, and developing new therapeutic strategies. In the last few decades, the zebrafish has emerged as an attractive model to reproduce in vivo human cardiac pathologies, including arrhythmias. Here, we highlight the contribution of zebrafish to the field and discuss the available cardiac arrhythmia models. Further, we outline techniques to assess potential heart rhythm defects in larval and adult zebrafish. As genetic tools in zebrafish continue to bloom, this model will be crucial for functional genomics studies and to develop personalized anti-arrhythmic therapies.
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33
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Anderson EB, Mao Q, Ho RK. Tbx5a and Tbx5b paralogues act in combination to control separate vectors of migration in the fin field of zebrafish. Dev Biol 2022; 481:201-214. [PMID: 34756968 PMCID: PMC8665139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ydbio.2021.10.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2020] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The T-box containing family member, TBX5, has been shown to play important functional roles in the pectoral appendages of a variety of vertebrate species. While a single TBX5 gene exists in all tetrapods studied to date, the zebrafish genome retains two paralogues, designated as tbx5a and tbx5b, resulting from a whole genome duplication in the teleost lineage. Zebrafish deficient in tbx5a lack pectoral fin buds, whereas zebrafish deficient in tbx5b exhibit misshapen pectoral fins, showing that both paralogues function in fin development. The mesenchymal cells of the limb/fin bud are derived from the Lateral Plate Mesoderm (LPM). Previous fate mapping work in zebrafish has shown that wildtype (wt) fin field cells are initially located adjacent to somites (s)1-4. The wt fin field cells migrate in opposing diagonal directions placing the limb bud between s2-3 and lateral to the main body. To better characterize tbx5 paralogue functions in zebrafish, time-lapse analyses of the migrations of fin bud precursors under conditions of tbx5a knock-down, tbx5b knock-down and double-knock-down were performed. Our data suggest that zebrafish tbx5a and tbx5b have functionally separated migration direction vectors, that when combined recapitulate the migration of the wt fin field. We and others have shown that loss of Tbx5a function abolishes an fgf24 signaling cue resulting in fin field cells failing to converge in an Antero-Posterior (AP) direction and migrating only in a mediolateral (ML) direction. We show here that loss of Tbx5b function affects initial ML directed movements so that fin field cells fail to migrate laterally but continue to converge along the AP axis. Furthermore, fin field cells in the double Tbx5a/Tbx5b knock-down zebrafish do not engage in directed migrations along either the ML or AP axis. Therefore, these two paralogues may be acting to instruct separate vectors of fin field migration in order to direct proper fin bud formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin Boyle Anderson
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Qiyan Mao
- Committee on Development, Regeneration and Stem Cell Biology; University of Chicago, Chicago, IL,present address: Universite de Aix-Marseille; Marseille, France
| | - Robert K. Ho
- Department of Organismal Biology and Anatomy, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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34
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Mahfuz AMUB, Khan MA, Deb P, Ansary SJ, Jahan R. Identification of deleterious single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)s in the human TBX5 gene & prediction of their structural & functional consequences: An in silico approach. Biochem Biophys Rep 2021; 28:101179. [PMID: 34917776 PMCID: PMC8646135 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrep.2021.101179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
T-box transcription factor 5 gene (TBX5) encodes the transcription factor TBX5, which plays a crucial role in the development of heart and upper limbs. Damaging single nucleotide variants in this gene alter the protein structure, disturb the functions of TBX5, and ultimately cause Holt-Oram Syndrome (HOS). By analyzing the available single nucleotide polymorphism information in the dbSNP database, this study was designed to identify the most deleterious TBX5 SNPs through insilico approaches and predict their structural and functional consequences. Fifty-eight missense substitutions were found damaging by sequence homology-based tools: SIFT and PROVEAN, and structure homology-based tool PolyPhen-2. Various disease association meta-predictors further scrutinized these SNPs. Additionally, conservation profile of the amino acid residues, their surface accessibility, stability, and structural integrity of the native protein upon mutations were assessed. From these analyses, finally 5 SNPs were detected as the most damaging ones: [rs1565941579 (P85S), rs1269970792 (W121R), rs772248871 (V153D), rs769113870 (E208D), and rs1318021626 (I222N)]. Analyses of stop-lost, nonsense, UTR, and splice site SNPs were also conducted. Through integrative bioinformatics analyses, this study has identified the SNPs that are deleterious to the TBX5 protein structure and have the potential to cause HOS. Further wet-lab experiments can validate these findings. Deleterious SNPs in the human TBX5 gene responsible for Holt-Oram Syndrome have been identified. 58 missense and 2 nonsense SNPs were identified as deleterious. 86 3′ UTR SNPs were predicted to be located on miRNA target sites. Possible effects of missense SNPs on the TBX5 protein structure have been studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M U B Mahfuz
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Md Arif Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Promita Deb
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Jahan Ansary
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
| | - Rownak Jahan
- Department of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Faculty of Life Science, University of Development Alternative, Dhaka, 1209, Bangladesh
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35
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Iop L, Iliceto S, Civieri G, Tona F. Inherited and Acquired Rhythm Disturbances in Sick Sinus Syndrome, Brugada Syndrome, and Atrial Fibrillation: Lessons from Preclinical Modeling. Cells 2021; 10:3175. [PMID: 34831398 PMCID: PMC8623957 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Revised: 11/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhythm disturbances are life-threatening cardiovascular diseases, accounting for many deaths annually worldwide. Abnormal electrical activity might arise in a structurally normal heart in response to specific triggers or as a consequence of cardiac tissue alterations, in both cases with catastrophic consequences on heart global functioning. Preclinical modeling by recapitulating human pathophysiology of rhythm disturbances is fundamental to increase the comprehension of these diseases and propose effective strategies for their prevention, diagnosis, and clinical management. In silico, in vivo, and in vitro models found variable application to dissect many congenital and acquired rhythm disturbances. In the copious list of rhythm disturbances, diseases of the conduction system, as sick sinus syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and atrial fibrillation, have found extensive preclinical modeling. In addition, the electrical remodeling as a result of other cardiovascular diseases has also been investigated in models of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, cardiac fibrosis, as well as arrhythmias induced by other non-cardiac pathologies, stress, and drug cardiotoxicity. This review aims to offer a critical overview on the effective ability of in silico bioinformatic tools, in vivo animal studies, in vitro models to provide insights on human heart rhythm pathophysiology in case of sick sinus syndrome, Brugada syndrome, and atrial fibrillation and advance their safe and successful translation into the cardiology arena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Iop
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, I-35124 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (G.C.)
| | | | | | - Francesco Tona
- Department of Cardiac Thoracic Vascular Sciences and Public Health, University of Padua, Via Giustiniani, 2, I-35124 Padua, Italy; (S.I.); (G.C.)
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36
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Rankin SA, Steimle JD, Yang XH, Rydeen AB, Agarwal K, Chaturvedi P, Ikegami K, Herriges MJ, Moskowitz IP, Zorn AM. Tbx5 drives Aldh1a2 expression to regulate a RA-Hedgehog-Wnt gene regulatory network coordinating cardiopulmonary development. eLife 2021; 10:69288. [PMID: 34643182 PMCID: PMC8555986 DOI: 10.7554/elife.69288] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene regulatory networks that coordinate the development of the cardiac and pulmonary systems are essential for terrestrial life but poorly understood. The T-box transcription factor Tbx5 is critical for both pulmonary specification and heart development, but how these activities are mechanistically integrated remains unclear. Here using Xenopus and mouse embryos, we establish molecular links between Tbx5 and retinoic acid (RA) signaling in the mesoderm and between RA signaling and sonic hedgehog expression in the endoderm to unveil a conserved RA-Hedgehog-Wnt signaling cascade coordinating cardiopulmonary (CP) development. We demonstrate that Tbx5 directly maintains expression of aldh1a2, the RA-synthesizing enzyme, in the foregut lateral plate mesoderm via an evolutionarily conserved intronic enhancer. Tbx5 promotes posterior second heart field identity in a positive feedback loop with RA, antagonizing a Fgf8-Cyp regulatory module to restrict FGF activity to the anterior. We find that Tbx5/Aldh1a2-dependent RA signaling directly activates shh transcription in the adjacent foregut endoderm through a conserved MACS1 enhancer. Hedgehog signaling coordinates with Tbx5 in the mesoderm to activate expression of wnt2/2b, which induces pulmonary fate in the foregut endoderm. These results provide mechanistic insight into the interrelationship between heart and lung development informing CP evolution and birth defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott A Rankin
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Jeffrey D Steimle
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Xinan H Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Ariel B Rydeen
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Kunal Agarwal
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Praneet Chaturvedi
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States
| | - Kohta Ikegami
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | | | - Ivan P Moskowitz
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Pathology, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States.,Department of Human Genetics, University of Chicago, Chicago, United States
| | - Aaron M Zorn
- Center for Stem Cell and Organoid Medicine (CuSTOM), Division of Developmental Biology, Perinatal Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, United States.,University of Cincinnati, College of Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Chicago, United States
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37
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Embryonic Development of the Avian Sternum and Its Morphological Adaptations for Optimizing Locomotion. DIVERSITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/d13100481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The sternum is part of the forelimb appendicular skeleton found in most terrestrial vertebrates and has become adapted across tetrapods for distinctive modes of locomotion. We review the regulatory mechanisms underlying sternum and forelimb development and discuss the possible gene expression modulation that could be responsible for the sternal adaptations and associated reduction in the forelimb programme found in flightless birds. In three phylogenetically divergent vertebrate lineages that all undertake powered flight, a ventral extension of the sternum, named the keel, has evolved independently, most strikingly in volant birds. In flightless birds, however, the sternal keel is absent, and the sternum is flattened. We review studies in a variety of species that have analysed adaptations in sterna morphology that are related to the animal’s mode of locomotion on land, in the sky and in water.
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38
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Chakova NN, Dolmatovich TV, Niyazova SS, Komissarova SM, Rebeko ES, Savchenko AA. New Missense Mutation Gly238Ala in the TBX5 Gene and Its Phenotypical Characteristics. RUSS J GENET+ 2021. [DOI: 10.1134/s1022795421070061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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39
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Xu H, Xiang M, Qin Y, Cheng H, Chen D, Fu Q, Zhang KK, Xie L. Tbx5 inhibits hedgehog signaling in determination of digit identity. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:1405-1416. [PMID: 31373354 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2019] [Revised: 07/02/2019] [Accepted: 07/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Dominant TBX5 mutation causes Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS), which is characterized by limb defects in humans, but the underlying mechanistic basis is unclear. We used a mouse model with Tbx5 conditional knockdown in Hh-receiving cells (marked by Gli1+) during E8 to E10.5, a previously established model to study atrial septum defects, which displayed polydactyly or hypodactyly. The results suggested that Tbx5 is required for digit identity in a subset of limb mesenchymal cells. Specifically, Tbx5 deletion in this cell population decreased cell apoptosis and increased the proliferation of handplate mesenchymal cells. Furthermore, Tbx5 was found to negatively regulate the Hh-signaling activity through transcriptional regulation of Ptch1, a known Hh-signaling repressor. Repression of Hh-signaling through Smo co-mutation in Tbx5 heterozygotes rescued the limb defects, thus placing Tbx5 upstream of Hh-signaling in limb defects. This work reveals an important missing component necessary for understanding not only limb development but also the molecular and genetic mechanisms underlying HOS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiting Xu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.,Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan, Hubei 430079, China
| | - Menglan Xiang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA
| | - Yushu Qin
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Henghui Cheng
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Duohua Chen
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Department of Food Science, Changsha University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Qiang Fu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.,Tongji Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei 430030, China
| | - Ke K Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.,Center for Epigenetics & Disease Prevention, Institute of Biosciences & Technology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M University, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Linglin Xie
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of North Dakota, Grand Forks, ND 58202, USA.,Department of Nutrition and Food Science, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
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40
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Contreras O, Rossi FMV, Theret M. Origins, potency, and heterogeneity of skeletal muscle fibro-adipogenic progenitors-time for new definitions. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:16. [PMID: 34210364 PMCID: PMC8247239 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00265-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Striated muscle is a highly plastic and regenerative organ that regulates body movement, temperature, and metabolism-all the functions needed for an individual's health and well-being. The muscle connective tissue's main components are the extracellular matrix and its resident stromal cells, which continuously reshape it in embryonic development, homeostasis, and regeneration. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors are enigmatic and transformative muscle-resident interstitial cells with mesenchymal stem/stromal cell properties. They act as cellular sentinels and physiological hubs for adult muscle homeostasis and regeneration by shaping the microenvironment by secreting a complex cocktail of extracellular matrix components, diffusible cytokines, ligands, and immune-modulatory factors. Fibro-adipogenic progenitors are the lineage precursors of specialized cells, including activated fibroblasts, adipocytes, and osteogenic cells after injury. Here, we discuss current research gaps, potential druggable developments, and outstanding questions about fibro-adipogenic progenitor origins, potency, and heterogeneity. Finally, we took advantage of recent advances in single-cell technologies combined with lineage tracing to unify the diversity of stromal fibro-adipogenic progenitors. Thus, this compelling review provides new cellular and molecular insights in comprehending the origins, definitions, markers, fate, and plasticity of murine and human fibro-adipogenic progenitors in muscle development, homeostasis, regeneration, and repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Osvaldo Contreras
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Division, Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Darlinghurst, NSW, 2010, Australia.
- St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Kensington, 2052, Australia.
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Molecular and Center for Aging and Regeneration (CARE-ChileUC), Facultad de Ciencias Biológicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, 8331150, Santiago, Chile.
| | - Fabio M V Rossi
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Marine Theret
- Biomedical Research Centre, Department of Medical Genetics and School of Biomedical Engineering, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, V6T 1Z3, Canada.
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41
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Kowalski TW, Caldas-Garcia GB, Gomes JDA, Fraga LR, Schuler-Faccini L, Recamonde-Mendoza M, Paixão-Côrtes VR, Vianna FSL. Comparative Genomics Identifies Putative Interspecies Mechanisms Underlying Crbn-Sall4-Linked Thalidomide Embryopathy. Front Genet 2021; 12:680217. [PMID: 34249098 PMCID: PMC8262662 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of thalidomide–Cereblon-induced SALL4 degradation has brought new understanding for thalidomide embryopathy (TE) differences across species. Some questions, however, regarding species variability, still remain. The aim of this study was to detect sequence divergences between species, affected or not by TE, and to evaluate the regulated gene co-expression in a murine model. Here, we performed a comparative analysis of proteins experimentally established as affected by thalidomide exposure, evaluating 14 species. The comparative analysis, regarding synteny, neighborhood, and protein conservation, was performed in 42 selected genes. Differential co-expression analysis was performed, using a publicly available assay, GSE61306, which evaluated mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC) exposed to thalidomide. The comparative analyses evidenced 20 genes in the upstream neighborhood of NOS3, which are different between the species who develop, or not, the classic TE phenotype. Considering protein sequence alignments, RECQL4, SALL4, CDH5, KDR, and NOS2 proteins had the biggest number of variants reported in unaffected species. In co-expression analysis, Crbn was a gene identified as a driver of the co-expression of other genes implicated in genetic, non-teratogenic, limb reduction defects (LRD), such as Tbx5, Esco2, Recql4, and Sall4; Crbn and Sall4 were shown to have a moderate co-expression correlation, which is affected after thalidomide exposure. Hence, even though the classic TE phenotype is not identified in mice, a deregulatory Crbn-induced mechanism is suggested in this animal. Functional studies are necessary, especially evaluating the genes responsible for LRD syndromes and their interaction with thalidomide–Cereblon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thayne Woycinck Kowalski
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, PPGBM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Medical Population Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Bioinformatics Core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Centro Universitário CESUCA, Cachoeirinha, Brazil
| | - Gabriela Barreto Caldas-Garcia
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, PPGBM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Biodiversity and Evolution, PPGBioEvo Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Julia do Amaral Gomes
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, PPGBM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Medical Population Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lucas Rosa Fraga
- Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Medical Population Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Department of Morphological Sciences, Institute of Health Sciences, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Medical Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Teratogen Information System, SIAT, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Lavínia Schuler-Faccini
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, PPGBM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Medical Population Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Teratogen Information System, SIAT, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Mariana Recamonde-Mendoza
- Bioinformatics Core, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Vanessa Rodrigues Paixão-Côrtes
- Post-Graduation Program in Biodiversity and Evolution, PPGBioEvo Institute of Biology, Universidade Federal da Bahia, UFBA, Salvador, Brazil
| | - Fernanda Sales Luiz Vianna
- Post-Graduation Program in Genetics and Molecular Biology, PPGBM, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Medical Genetics and Evolution, Genetics Department, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Laboratory of Genomic Medicine, Center of Experimental Research, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,National Institute of Medical Population Genetics, INAGEMP, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Post-Graduation Program in Medical Science, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, UFRGS, Porto Alegre, Brazil.,Teratogen Information System, SIAT, Medical Genetics Service, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre, HCPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil
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42
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Sobh O, O'Sullivan R, Mahoney MJ, Kleinman G. Congenital extremity anomalies with a TBX5 pathogenic variant in consecutive IVF assisted pregnancies: a case report of Holt-Oram Syndrome. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2021; 42:524-526. [PMID: 34159885 DOI: 10.1080/01443615.2021.1916895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sobh
- Department of OB/GYN, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Robert O'Sullivan
- Department of OB/GYN, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT, USA
| | - Maurice J Mahoney
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Gary Kleinman
- Department of OB/GYN, Yale New Haven Health, Bridgeport Hospital, Bridgeport, CT, USA
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43
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Costantini A, Valta H, Suomi AM, Mäkitie O, Taylan F. Oligogenic Inheritance of Monoallelic TRIP11, FKBP10, NEK1, TBX5, and NBAS Variants Leading to a Phenotype Similar to Odontochondrodysplasia. Front Genet 2021; 12:680838. [PMID: 34149817 PMCID: PMC8206634 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.680838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal dysplasias are often well characterized, and only a minority of the cases remain unsolved after a thorough analysis of pathogenic variants in over 400 genes that are presently known to cause monogenic skeletal diseases. Here, we describe an 11-year-old Finnish girl, born to unrelated healthy parents, who had severe short stature and a phenotype similar to odontochondrodysplasia (ODCD), a monogenic skeletal dysplasia caused by biallelic TRIP11 variants. The family had previously lost a fetus due to severe skeletal dysplasia. Exome sequencing and bioinformatic analysis revealed an oligogenic inheritance of a heterozygous nonsense mutation in TRIP11 and four likely pathogenic missense variants in FKBP10, TBX5, NEK1, and NBAS in the index patient. Interestingly, all these genes except TBX5 are known to cause skeletal dysplasia in an autosomal recessive manner. In contrast, the fetus was found homozygous for the TRIP11 mutation, and achondrogenesis type IA diagnosis was, thus, molecularly confirmed, indicating two different skeletal dysplasia forms in the family. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of an oligogenic inheritance model of a skeletal dysplasia in a Finnish family. Our findings may have implications for genetic counseling and for understanding the yet unsolved cases of rare skeletal dysplasias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Costantini
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Helena Valta
- Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anne-Maarit Suomi
- Department of Pediatrics, Seinäjoki Central Hospital, Seinäjoki, Finland
| | - Outi Mäkitie
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Children's Hospital, Pediatric Research Center, University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital, Helsinki, Finland.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.,Folkhälsan Institute of Genetics, and Research Program for Clinical and Molecular Metabolism, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Fulya Taylan
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery and Center for Molecular Medicine, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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44
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Abstract
Congenital heart disease is the most frequent birth defect and the leading cause of death for the fetus and in the first year of life. The wide phenotypic diversity of congenital heart defects requires expert diagnosis and sophisticated repair surgery. Although these defects have been described since the seventeenth century, it was only in 2005 that a consensus international nomenclature was adopted, followed by an international classification in 2017 to help provide better management of patients. Advances in genetic engineering, imaging, and omics analyses have uncovered mechanisms of heart formation and malformation in animal models, but approximately 80% of congenital heart defects have an unknown genetic origin. Here, we summarize current knowledge of congenital structural heart defects, intertwining clinical and fundamental research perspectives, with the aim to foster interdisciplinary collaborations at the cutting edge of each field. We also discuss remaining challenges in better understanding congenital heart defects and providing benefits to patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucile Houyel
- Unité de Cardiologie Pédiatrique et Congénitale and Centre de Référence des Malformations Cardiaques Congénitales Complexes (M3C), Hôpital Necker-Enfants Malades, Assistance Publique-Hôpitaux de Paris (AP-HP), 75015 Paris, France.,Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France
| | - Sigolène M Meilhac
- Université de Paris, 75015 Paris, France.,Imagine-Institut Pasteur Unit of Heart Morphogenesis, INSERM UMR 1163, 75015 Paris, France;
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45
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Yang BG, Yuan Y, Zhou DK, Ma YH, Mahrous KF, Wang SZ, He YM, Duan XH, Zhang WY, E G. Genome-wide selection signal analysis of Australian Boer goat reveals artificial selection imprinting on candidate genes related to muscle development. Anim Genet 2021; 52:550-555. [PMID: 34029388 DOI: 10.1111/age.13092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
As one of the best-known commercial goat breeds in the world, Boer goat has undergone long-term artificial selection for nearly 100 years, and its excellent growth rate and meat production performance have attracted considerable worldwide attention. Herein, we used single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) called from the whole-genome sequencing data of 46 Australian Boer goats to detect polymorphisms and identify genomic regions related to muscle development in comparison with those of 81 non-specialized meat goat individuals from Europe, Africa, and Asia. A total of 13 795 202 SNPs were identified, and the whole-genome selective signal screen with a π ratio of nucleotide diversity (πcase /πcontrol ) and pairwise fixation index (FST ) was analyzed. Finally, we identified 1741 candidate selective windows based on the top 5% threshold of both parameters; here, 449 candidate genes were only found in 727 of these regions. A total of 433 genes out of the 449 genes obtained were annotated to 2729 gene ontology terms, of which 51 were directly linked to muscle development (e.g., muscle organ development, muscle cell differentiation) by 30 candidate genes (e.g., JAK2, KCNQ1, PDE5A, PDLIM5, TBX5). In addition, 246 signaling pathways were annotated by 178 genes, and two pathways related to muscle contraction, including vascular smooth muscle contraction (ADCY7, PRKCB, PLA2G4E, ROCK2) and cardiac muscle contraction (CACNA2D3, CASQ2, COX6B1), were identified. The results could improve the current understanding of the genetic effects of artificial selection on the muscle development of goat. More importantly, this study provides valuable candidate genes for future breeding of goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- B-G Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Y Yuan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - D-K Zhou
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Y-H Ma
- Institute of Animal Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS), Beijing, 100193, China
| | - K-F Mahrous
- Division of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Research Cell, Biology Department, National Research Centre, Dokki, Giza, 12622, Egypt
| | - S-Z Wang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Y-M He
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - X-H Duan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - W-Y Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
| | - Guangxin E
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China
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46
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Wu Y, Jin X, Zhang Y, Zheng J, Yang R. Genetic and epigenetic mechanisms in the development of congenital heart diseases. WORLD JOURNAL OF PEDIATRIC SURGERY 2021; 4:e000196. [DOI: 10.1136/wjps-2020-000196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Congenital heart disease (CHD) is the most common of congenital cardiovascular malformations associated with birth defects, and it results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide. The classification of CHD is still elusive owing to the complex pathogenesis of CHD. Advances in molecular medicine have revealed the genetic basis of some heart anomalies. Genes associated with CHD might be modulated by various epigenetic factors. Thus, the genetic and epigenetic factors are gradually accepted as important triggers in the pathogenesis of CHD. However, few literatures have comprehensively elaborated the genetic and epigenetic mechanisms of CHD. This review focuses on the etiology of CHD from genetics and epigenetics to discuss the role of these factors in the development of CHD. The interactions between genetic and epigenetic in the pathogenesis of CHD are also elaborated. Chromosome abnormalities and gene mutations in genetics, and DNA methylations, histone modifications and on-coding RNAs in epigenetics are summarized in detail. We hope the summative knowledge of these etiologies may be useful for improved diagnosis and further elucidation of CHD so that morbidity and mortality of children with CHD can be reduced in the near future.
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47
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Cenni C, Andres S, Hempel M, Strom TM, Thomas E, Davies A, Timoney N, Frigiola A, Logan M, Holder-Espinasse M. TBX3 and TBX5 duplication: A family with an atypical overlapping Holt-Oram/ulnar-mammary syndrome phenotype. Eur J Med Genet 2021; 64:104213. [PMID: 33930582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmg.2021.104213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Holt-Oram syndrome (HOS) is a rare, autosomal dominant heart-hand syndrome caused by mutations in the TBX5 gene. A wide spectrum of TBX5 mutations have been reported previously, most resulting in a null allele leading to haploinsufficiency. TBX5 gene duplications have been previously reported in association with typical and atypical HOS phenotypes. Ulnar-Mammary syndrome (UMS) is a distinct rare, autosomal dominant condition caused by mutations in the TBX3 gene. TBX5 and TBX3 are physically linked in cis on human chromosome 12 and contiguous chromosome 12q24 deletions comprising both TBX5 and TBX3 genes have been previously reported but to our knowledge, duplications have never been described. We report on a large German family with at least 17 affected individuals over 6 generations bearing a duplication at 12q24.21 identified on array-CGH comprising both TBX5 and TBX3 genes. Affected patients are presenting with HOS and UMS symptoms, consisting of variable limb anomalies involving the radial and the ulnar rays and cardiac findings such as congenital heart defects, persistent arterial duct or aortic stenosis, and non-classical symptoms, such as supernumerary nipples and cardiomyopathy. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation confirmed a tandem duplication at the 12q24.21 locus. This is the first report of a contiguous TBX3/TBX5 duplication associated with HOS/UMS phenotype.
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MESH Headings
- Abnormalities, Multiple/genetics
- Abnormalities, Multiple/pathology
- Breast Diseases/complications
- Breast Diseases/genetics
- Breast Diseases/pathology
- Female
- Gene Duplication
- Heart Defects, Congenital/complications
- Heart Defects, Congenital/genetics
- Heart Defects, Congenital/pathology
- Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/complications
- Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/genetics
- Heart Septal Defects, Atrial/pathology
- Humans
- Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital/complications
- Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Lower Extremity Deformities, Congenital/pathology
- Male
- Pedigree
- Phenotype
- T-Box Domain Proteins/genetics
- Ulna/abnormalities
- Ulna/pathology
- Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital/complications
- Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital/genetics
- Upper Extremity Deformities, Congenital/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Cenni
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Guy's Hospital, London, UK
| | - Stephanie Andres
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Maja Hempel
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Tim M Strom
- Institute of Human Genetics, Technische Universitat Munchen, Munich, Germany
| | - Ellen Thomas
- Genomics England, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK; Genomic Medicine, Imperial College Healthcare NHS Trust, London, UK
| | | | - Norma Timoney
- Department of Plastic Surgery, St Thomas Hospital, London, UK
| | | | - Malcolm Logan
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, Guy's Campus, London, UK
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48
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Majumdar U, Yasuhara J, Garg V. In Vivo and In Vitro Genetic Models of Congenital Heart Disease. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol 2021; 13:cshperspect.a036764. [PMID: 31818859 DOI: 10.1101/cshperspect.a036764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Congenital cardiovascular malformations represent the most common type of birth defect and encompass a spectrum of anomalies that range from mild to severe. The etiology of congenital heart disease (CHD) is becoming increasingly defined based on prior epidemiologic studies that supported the importance of genetic contributors and technological advances in human genome analysis. These have led to the discovery of a growing number of disease-contributing genetic abnormalities in individuals affected by CHD. The ever-growing population of adult CHD survivors, which are the result of reductions in mortality from CHD during childhood, and this newfound genetic knowledge have led to important questions regarding recurrence risks, the mechanisms by which these defects occur, the potential for novel approaches for prevention, and the prediction of long-term cardiovascular morbidity in adult CHD survivors. Here, we will review the current status of genetic models that accurately model human CHD as they provide an important tool to answer these questions and test novel therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uddalak Majumdar
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Jun Yasuhara
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
| | - Vidu Garg
- Center for Cardiovascular Research, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.,The Heart Center, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA.,Department of Molecular Genetics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43205, USA
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49
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Individual Limb Muscle Bundles Are Formed through Progressive Steps Orchestrated by Adjacent Connective Tissue Cells during Primary Myogenesis. Cell Rep 2021; 30:3552-3565.e6. [PMID: 32160556 PMCID: PMC7068676 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.02.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2017] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the factors regulating muscle cell differentiation are well described, we know very little about how differentiating muscle fibers are organized into individual muscle tissue bundles. Disruption of these processes leads to muscle hypoplasia or dysplasia, and replicating these events is vital in tissue engineering approaches. We describe the progressive cellular events that orchestrate the formation of individual limb muscle bundles and directly demonstrate the role of the connective tissue cells that surround muscle precursors in controlling these events. We show how disruption of gene activity within or genetic ablation of connective tissue cells impacts muscle precursors causing disruption of muscle bundle formation and subsequent muscle dysplasia and hypoplasia. We identify several markers of the populations of connective tissue cells that surround muscle precursors and provide a model for how matrix-modifying proteoglycans secreted by these cells may influence muscle bundle formation by effects on the local extracellular matrix (ECM) environment. Characterization of the events that prefigure the formation of individual muscle bundles Direct demonstration of the role of connective tissue cells in muscle morphogenesis Identification of markers of limb irregular connective tissue (ICT) Demonstration of molecularly distinct ICT subdomains in the limb
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50
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Abstract
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac arrhythmia, largely associated to morbidity and mortality. Over the past decades, research in appearance and progression of this arrhythmia have turned into significant advances in its management. However, the incidence of AF continues to increase with the aging of the population and many important fundamental and translational underlaying mechanisms remain elusive. Here, we review recent advances in molecular and cellular basis for AF initiation, maintenance and progression. We first provide an overview of the basic molecular and electrophysiological mechanisms that lead and characterize AF. Next, we discuss the upstream regulatory factors conducting the underlying mechanisms which drive electrical and structural AF-associated remodeling, including genetic factors (risk variants associated to AF as transcriptional regulators and genetic changes associated to AF), neurohormonal regulation (i.e., cAMP) and oxidative stress imbalance (cGMP and mitochondrial dysfunction). Finally, we discuss the potential therapeutic implications of those findings, the knowledge gaps and consider future approaches to improve clinical management.
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