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Sutinen A, Jones NC, Hoffmann SV, Ruskamo S, Kursula P. Conformational analysis of membrane-proximal segments of GDAP1 in a lipidic environment using synchrotron radiation suggests a mode of assembly at the mitochondrial outer membrane. Biophys Chem 2023; 303:107113. [PMID: 37778197 DOI: 10.1016/j.bpc.2023.107113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 10/03/2023]
Abstract
The mitochondrial outer membrane creates a diffusion barrier between the cytosol and the mitochondrial intermembrane space, allowing the exchange of metabolic products, important for efficient mitochondrial function in neurons. The ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) is a mitochondrial outer membrane protein with a critical role in mitochondrial dynamics and metabolic balance in neurons. Missense mutations in the GDAP1 gene are linked to the most common human peripheral neuropathy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). GDAP1 is a distant member of the glutathione-S-transferase (GST) superfamily, with unknown enzymatic properties or functions at the molecular level. The structure of the cytosol-facing GST-like domain has been described, but there is no consensus on how the protein interacts with the mitochondrial outer membrane. Here, we describe a model for GDAP1 assembly on the membrane using peptides vicinal to the GDAP1 transmembrane domain. We used oriented circular dichroism spectroscopy (OCD) with synchrotron radiation to study the secondary structure and orientation of GDAP1 segments at the outer and inner surfaces of the outer mitochondrial membrane. These experiments were complemented by small-angle X-ray scattering, providing the first experimental structural models for full-length human GDAP1. The results indicate that GDAP1 is bound into the membrane via a single transmembrane helix, flanked by two peripheral helices interacting with the outer and inner leaflets of the mitochondrial outer membrane in different orientations. Impairment of these interactions could be a mechanism for CMT in the case of missense mutations affecting these segments instead of the GST-like domain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Sutinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Nykola C Jones
- ISA, Department of Physics and Astronomy, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland; Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway.
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2
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Manzoor U, Ali A, Ali SL, Abdelkarem O, Kanwal S, Alotaibi SS, Baazeem A, Baiduissenova A, Yktiyarov A, Hajar A, Olzhabay A. Mutational screening of GDAP1 in dysphonia associated with Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease: clinical insights and phenotypic effects. J Genet Eng Biotechnol 2023; 21:119. [PMID: 37966693 PMCID: PMC10651813 DOI: 10.1186/s43141-023-00568-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in GDAP1 (Ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1) gene are linked to Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), a Heterogenous group of disorders with multiple phenotypes, characterized by peripheral nerve dysfunction that can lead to vocal cord paralysis and diaphragmatic dysfunction. MAIN BODY All three affected children of this chosen family have manifested the same clinical symptoms with progressive weakness, mild sensory impairment, and absent tendon reflexes in their early years. Electrodiagnostic analysis displayed an axonal type of neuropathy in affected patients. Sequencing of the GDAP1 gene was requested for all members of the family. Diagnostic assessments included pulmonary and vocal cord function tests, as well as phrenic and peripheral nerve conduction studies. Pathogenicity of GDAP1 variant p.Pro419Leu with axonal CMT2 and autosomal recessive inheritance was confirmed via in silico analysis. Patients with GDAP1 mutations showed dysphonia, speech difficulties, and the characteristic symptoms of CMT. The severity of symptoms correlated with the presence of a type of GDAP1 mutation. Patients with normal vocal cords and pulmonary function exhibited milder symptoms compared to those with GDAP1 mutations. Our study provides clinical insights into the phenotypic effects of GDAP1 mutations in CMT patients. The findings highlight the adverse clinical course and severe disability associated with GDAP1 mutations, including weak limb and laryngeal muscles. CONCLUSION Patients with GDAP1 mutations and autosomal recessive neuropathy present with dysphonia and require interventions such as surgery, braces, physical therapy, and exercise. Early diagnosis and comprehensive clinical evaluations are crucial for managing CMT patients with GDAP1 mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Uzma Manzoor
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan.
| | - Awais Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - S Luqman Ali
- Department of Biochemistry, Abdul wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan, 23200, Pakistan
| | - Omneya Abdelkarem
- Department of Chemical Pathology, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Sumaira Kanwal
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, COMSATS University Islamabad, Sahiwal Campus, Sahiwal, Pakistan
| | - Saqer S Alotaibi
- Department of Biotechnology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O.Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alaa Baazeem
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, 21944, Taif, Saudi Arabia
| | - Aliya Baiduissenova
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Astana Medical University, Astana City, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Ayaz Yktiyarov
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, Astana Medical University, Astana City, 010000, Kazakhstan
| | - Azraida Hajar
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences Semlalia, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco
| | - Abay Olzhabay
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Astana Medical University, Astana City, 010000, Kazakhstan
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Asif M, Chiou CC, Hussain MF, Hussain M, Sajid Z, Gulsher M, Raheem A, Khan A, Nasreen N, Kloczkowski A, Hassan M, Iqbal F, Chen CC. Homozygous Mutations in GDAP1 and MFN2 Genes Resulted in Autosomal Recessive Forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease in Consanguineous Pakistani Families. DNA Cell Biol 2023; 42:697-708. [PMID: 37797217 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2023.0169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a heritable neurodegenerative disease of peripheral nervous system diseases in which more than 100 genes and their mutations are associated. Two consanguineous families Dera Ghazi Khan (PAK-CMT1-DG KHAN) and Layyah (PAK-CMT2-LAYYAH) with multiple CMT-affected subjects were enrolled from Punjab province in Pakistan. Basic epidemiological data were collected for the subjects. Nerve conduction study (NCS) and electromyography (EMG) were performed for the patients. Whole-exome sequencing (WES) followed by Sanger sequencing was applied to report the genetic basic of CMT. The NCS findings revealed that sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities for both families were <38 m/s. EMG presented denervation, neuropathic motor unit potential, and reduced interference pattern of peripheral nerves. WES identified that a novel nonsense mutation (c. 226 G>T) in GADP1 gene and a previously known missense mutation in MFN2 gene (c. 334 G>A) cause CMT4A (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 4A) in the PAK-CMT1-DG KHAN family and CMT2A (Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2A) in the PAK-CMT2-LAYYAH family, respectively. Mutations followed Mendelian pattern with autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Multiple sequence alignment by Clustal Omega indicated that mutation-containing domain in both genes is highly conserved, and in situ analysis revealed that both mutations are likely to be pathogenic. We reported that a novel nonsense mutation and a previously known missense mutation in GAPD1 gene and MFN2 gene, respectively, cause CMT in consanguineous Pakistani families.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Asif
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Chien-Chun Chiou
- Department of Dermatology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
| | | | - Manzoor Hussain
- Orthopedic Unit 1, Nishter Medical University Multan, Pakistan
| | - Zureesha Sajid
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology. Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Biochemistry, Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Baghdad-ul-Jadeed Campus, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Gulsher
- Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Afifa Raheem
- Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Adil Khan
- Department of Botany and Zoology, Bacha Khan University, Charsadda, Pakistan
| | - Nasreen Nasreen
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University, Mardan, Pakistan
| | - Andrzej Kloczkowski
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Mubashir Hassan
- The Steve and Cindy Rasmussen Institute for Genomic Medicine, Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Furhan Iqbal
- Institute of Zoology, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Chien-Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology, Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia-Yi Christian Hospital, Chiayi, Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science, Tainan, Taiwan
- Ph.D. Program in Translational Medicine, Rong Hsing Research Center for Translational Medicine, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioindustry Sciences, College of Bioscience and Biotechnology, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan
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4
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Hayes LH, Sadjadi R. Hereditary Neuropathies. Continuum (Minneap Minn) 2023; 29:1514-1537. [PMID: 37851041 DOI: 10.1212/con.0000000000001339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This article provides an overview of hereditary neuropathies, describes the different hereditary neuropathy subtypes and the clinical approach to differentiating between them, and summarizes their clinical management. LATEST DEVELOPMENTS Increasingly available clinical genetic testing has broadened the clinical spectrum of hereditary neuropathy subtypes and demonstrated a significant overlap of phenotypes associated with a single gene. New subtypes such as SORD -related neuropathy and CANVAS (cerebellar ataxia, neuropathy, vestibular areflexia syndrome) have emerged. The optimization of clinical management has improved gait and motor function in the adult and pediatric populations. Novel therapeutic approaches are entering clinical trials. ESSENTIAL POINTS Hereditary neuropathies constitute a spectrum of peripheral nerve disorders with variable degrees of motor and sensory symptoms, patterns of involvement, and clinical courses.
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Benslimane N, Miressi F, Loret C, Richard L, Nizou A, Pyromali I, Faye PA, Favreau F, Lejeune F, Lia AS. Amlexanox: Readthrough Induction and Nonsense-Mediated mRNA Decay Inhibition in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth Model of hiPSCs-Derived Neuronal Cells Harboring a Nonsense Mutation in GDAP1 Gene. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1034. [PMID: 37513945 PMCID: PMC10385573 DOI: 10.3390/ph16071034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonsense mutations are involved in multiple peripheral neuropathies. These mutations induce the presence of a premature termination codon (PTC) at the mRNA level. As a result, a dysfunctional or truncated protein is synthesized, or even absent linked to nonsense-mediated mRNA degradation (NMD) system activation. Readthrough molecules or NMD inhibitors could be innovative therapies in these hereditary neuropathies, particularly molecules harboring the dual activity as amlexanox. Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) is the most common inherited pathology of the peripheral nervous system, affecting 1 in 2500 people worldwide. Nonsense mutations in the GDAP1 gene have been associated with a severe form of CMT, prompting us to investigate the effect of readthrough and NMD inhibitor molecules. Although not clearly defined, GDAP1 could be involved in mitochondrial functions, such as mitophagy. We focused on the homozygous c.581C>G (p.Ser194*) mutation inducing CMT2H using patient human induced pluripotent stem cell (hiPSC)-derived neuronal cells. Treatment during 20 h with 100 µM of amlexanox on this cell model stabilized GDAP1 mRNAs carrying UGA-PTC and induced a restoration of the mitochondrial morphology. These results highlight the potential of readthrough molecules associated to NMD inhibitors for the treatment of genetic alterations in CMT, opening the way for future investigations and a potential therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nesrine Benslimane
- NeurIT UR 20218, GEIST Institute, Faculté de Médecine de Limoges, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Federica Miressi
- NeurIT UR 20218, GEIST Institute, Faculté de Médecine de Limoges, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Camille Loret
- NeurIT UR 20218, GEIST Institute, Faculté de Médecine de Limoges, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Laurence Richard
- NeurIT UR 20218, GEIST Institute, Faculté de Médecine de Limoges, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
- CHU Limoges, Service de Neurologie, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Angélique Nizou
- NeurIT UR 20218, GEIST Institute, Faculté de Médecine de Limoges, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Ioanna Pyromali
- NeurIT UR 20218, GEIST Institute, Faculté de Médecine de Limoges, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Faye
- NeurIT UR 20218, GEIST Institute, Faculté de Médecine de Limoges, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Frédéric Favreau
- NeurIT UR 20218, GEIST Institute, Faculté de Médecine de Limoges, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Fabrice Lejeune
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR9020-U1277-CANTHER-Cancer Heterogeneity Plasticity and Resistance to Therapies, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- NeurIT UR 20218, GEIST Institute, Faculté de Médecine de Limoges, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, Service de Biochimie et de Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
- Centre Hospitalo-Universitaire (CHU) Limoges, UF de Bioinformatique, F-87000 Limoges, France
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6
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León M, Prieto J, Molina-Navarro MM, García-García F, Barneo-Muñoz M, Ponsoda X, Sáez R, Palau F, Dopazo J, Izpisua Belmonte JC, Torres J. Rapid degeneration of iPSC-derived motor neurons lacking Gdap1 engages a mitochondrial-sustained innate immune response. Cell Death Discov 2023; 9:217. [PMID: 37393339 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-023-01531-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease is a chronic hereditary motor and sensory polyneuropathy targeting Schwann cells and/or motor neurons. Its multifactorial and polygenic origin portrays a complex clinical phenotype of the disease with a wide range of genetic inheritance patterns. The disease-associated gene GDAP1 encodes for a mitochondrial outer membrane protein. Mouse and insect models with mutations in Gdap1 have reproduced several traits of the human disease. However, the precise function in the cell types affected by the disease remains unknown. Here, we use induced-pluripotent stem cells derived from a Gdap1 knockout mouse model to better understand the molecular and cellular phenotypes of the disease caused by the loss-of-function of this gene. Gdap1-null motor neurons display a fragile cell phenotype prone to early degeneration showing (1) altered mitochondrial morphology, with an increase in the fragmentation of these organelles, (2) activation of autophagy and mitophagy, (3) abnormal metabolism, characterized by a downregulation of Hexokinase 2 and ATP5b proteins, (4) increased reactive oxygen species and elevated mitochondrial membrane potential, and (5) increased innate immune response and p38 MAP kinase activation. Our data reveals the existence of an underlying Redox-inflammatory axis fueled by altered mitochondrial metabolism in the absence of Gdap1. As this biochemical axis encompasses a wide variety of druggable targets, our results may have implications for developing therapies using combinatorial pharmacological approaches and improving therefore human welfare. A Redox-immune axis underlying motor neuron degeneration caused by the absence of Gdap1. Our results show that Gdap1-/- motor neurons have a fragile cellular phenotype that is prone to degeneration. Gdap1-/- iPSCs differentiated into motor neurons showed an altered metabolic state: decreased glycolysis and increased OXPHOS. These alterations may lead to hyperpolarization of mitochondria and increased ROS levels. Excessive amounts of ROS might be the cause of increased mitophagy, p38 activation and inflammation as a cellular response to oxidative stress. The p38 MAPK pathway and the immune response may, in turn, have feedback mechanisms, leading to the induction of apoptosis and senescence, respectively. CAC, citric acid cycle; ETC, electronic transport chain; Glc, glucose; Lac, lactate; Pyr, pyruvate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian León
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain
| | - Javier Prieto
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
| | - María Micaela Molina-Navarro
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain
| | - Francisco García-García
- Unidad de Bioinformática y Bioestadística, Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, 46012, València, Spain
| | - Manuela Barneo-Muñoz
- Unitat Predepartamental de Medicina, Universidad Jaume I, Castellón de la Plana, Castellón, Spain
| | - Xavier Ponsoda
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain
| | - Rosana Sáez
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Institut de Recerca and Hospital San Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquín Dopazo
- CIBER de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Computational Medicine Platform, Andalusian Public Foundation Progress and Health-FPS, 41013, Sevilla, Spain
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville, IBiS, University Hospital Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Izpisua Belmonte
- Gene Expression Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, 92037, USA
- Altos Labs, 5510 Morehouse Drive, San Diego, CA, 92121, USA
| | - Josema Torres
- Departamento Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, Universitat de València, Burjassot, 46100, València, Spain.
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria (INCLIVA), 46010, València, Spain.
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7
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Cantarero L, García-Vargas G, Hoenicka J, Palau F. Differential effects of Mendelian GDAP1 clinical variants on mitochondria-lysosome membrane contacts sites. Biol Open 2023; 12:bio059707. [PMID: 36912213 PMCID: PMC10110396 DOI: 10.1242/bio.059707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/14/2023] Open
Abstract
GDAP1 pathogenic variants cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, the most common hereditary motor and sensory neuropathy. CMT-GDAP1 can be axonal or demyelinating, with autosomal dominant or recessive inheritance, leading to phenotypic heterogeneity. Recessive GDAP1 variants cause a severe phenotype, whereas dominant variants are associated with a milder disease course. GDAP1 is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein involved in mitochondrial membrane contact sites (MCSs) with the plasmatic membrane, the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), and lysosomes. In GDAP1-deficient models, the pathophysiology includes morphological defects in mitochondrial network and ER, impaired Ca2+ homeostasis, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial MCSs defects. Nevertheless, the underlying pathophysiology of dominant variants is less understood. Here, we study the effect upon mitochondria-lysosome MCSs of two GDAP1 clinical variants located in the α-loop interaction domain of the protein. p.Thr157Pro dominant variant causes the increase in these MCSs that correlates with a hyper-fissioned mitochondrial network. In contrast, p.Arg161His recessive variant, which is predicted to significantly change the contact surface of GDAP1, causes decreased contacts with more elongated mitochondria. Given that mitochondria-lysosome MCSs regulate Ca2+ transfer from the lysosome to mitochondria, our results support that GDAP1 clinical variants have different consequences for Ca2+ handling and that could be primary insults determining differences in severity between dominant and recessive forms of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cantarero
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Gisela García-Vargas
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Janet Hoenicka
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine – IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), ISCIII, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Department of Genetic Medicine – IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, 08950, Barcelona, Spain
- Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08036, Barcelona, Spain
- ERN-ITHACA
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8
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Horvath R, Medina J, Reilly MM, Shy ME, Zuchner S. Peripheral neuropathy in mitochondrial disease. HANDBOOK OF CLINICAL NEUROLOGY 2023; 194:99-116. [PMID: 36813324 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-821751-1.00014-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/22/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria are essential for the health and viability of both motor and sensory neurons and their axons. Processes that disrupt their normal distribution and transport along axons will likely cause peripheral neuropathies. Similarly, mutations in mtDNA or nuclear encoded genes result in neuropathies that either stand alone or are part of multisystem disorders. This chapter focuses on the more common genetic forms and characteristic clinical phenotypes of "mitochondrial" peripheral neuropathies. We also explain how these various mitochondrial abnormalities cause peripheral neuropathy. In a patient with a neuropathy either due to a mutation in a nuclear or an mtDNA gene, clinical investigations aim to characterize the neuropathy and make an accurate diagnosis. In some patients, this may be relatively straightforward, where a clinical assessment and nerve conduction studies followed by genetic testing is all that is needed. In others, multiple investigations including a muscle biopsy, CNS imaging, CSF analysis, and a wide range of metabolic and genetic tests in blood and muscle may be needed to establish diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Horvath
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, John van Geest Centre for Brain Repair, Cambridge, United Kingdom.
| | - Jessica Medina
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
| | - Mary M Reilly
- MRC Centre for Neuromuscular Diseases, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, United Kingdom
| | - Michael E Shy
- Department of Neurology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, United States
| | - Stephan Zuchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, United States
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9
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Rodriguez-Hernandez A, Mayo M, Jauregui L, Patel P. Autosomal dominant GDAP1 mutation with severe phenotype and respiratory involvement: A case report. Front Neurol 2022; 13:905725. [PMID: 36353131 PMCID: PMC9637907 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2022.905725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot Marie Tooth (CMT) is a heterogeneous group of genetic disorders characterized by progressive motor and sensory neuropathy. CMT is a multi-gene disorder with several possible mutations responsible for a wide range of clinical presentations. A specific mutation of the ganglioside-induced-differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) gene is associated with the axonal subtype of CMT (CMT2K) which is inherited in an autosomal dominant fashion, as well as the demyelinating subtype (CMT4A) which is inherited in an autosomal recessive pattern. Phenotypic disease expression is largely dependent on these inheritance patterns. While the autosomal recessive form (CMT4A) exhibits severe disease with an early onset, the autosomal dominant variant (CMT2K) tends to have milder phenotypes and a later onset. We describe an atypical presentation of a patient with severe CMT2K with rapidly progressive polyneuropathy, respiratory failure, and dysphonia. We suggest that this case will inspire further evaluation of disease heterogeneity and variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Rodriguez-Hernandez
- Department of Neurology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
- *Correspondence: Adrian Rodriguez-Hernandez
| | - Meagan Mayo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Lilibeth Jauregui
- Department of Internal Medicine, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
| | - Pooja Patel
- Department of Neurology, Charles E. Schmidt College of Medicine, Florida Atlantic University, Boca Raton, FL, United States
- Department of Neurology, Marcus Neuroscience Institute, Boca Raton, FL, United States
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10
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Kabzińska D, Chabros K, Kamińska J, Kochański A. The GDAP1 p.Glu222Lys Variant-Weak Pathogenic Effect, Cumulative Effect of Weak Sequence Variants, or Synergy of Both Factors? Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13091546. [PMID: 36140714 PMCID: PMC9498914 DOI: 10.3390/genes13091546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot−Marie−Tooth disorders (CMT) represent a highly heterogeneous group of diseases of the peripheral nervous system in which more than 100 genes are involved. In some CMT patients, a few weak sequence variants toward other CMT genes are detected instead of one leading CMT mutation. Thus, the presence of a few variants in different CMT-associated genes raises the question concerning the pathogenic status of one of them. In this study, we aimed to analyze the pathogenic effect of c.664G>A, p.Glu222Lys variant in the GDAP1 gene, whose mutations are known to be causative for CMT type 4A (CMT4A). Due to low penetrance and a rare occurrence limited to five patients from two Polish families affected by the CMT phenotype, there is doubt as to whether we are dealing with real pathogenic mutation. Thus, we aimed to study the pathogenic effect of the c.664G>A, p.Glu222Lys variant in its natural environment, i.e., the neuronal SH-SY5Y cell line. Additionally, we have checked the pathogenic status of p.Glu222Lys in the broader context of the whole exome. We also have analyzed the impact of GDAP1 gene mutations on the morphology of the transfected cells. Despite the use of several tests to determine the pathogenicity of the p.Glu222Lys variant, we cannot point to one that would definitively solve the problem of pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmara Kabzińska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Katarzyna Chabros
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Joanna Kamińska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Kochański
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Institute Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland
- Correspondence:
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11
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Fujita Y, Iketani M, Ito M, Ohsawa I. Temporal changes in mitochondrial function and reactive oxygen species generation during the development of replicative senescence in human fibroblasts. Exp Gerontol 2022; 165:111866. [DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2022.111866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Revised: 05/12/2022] [Accepted: 06/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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12
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GDAP1 loss of function inhibits the mitochondrial pyruvate dehydrogenase complex by altering the actin cytoskeleton. Commun Biol 2022; 5:541. [PMID: 35662277 PMCID: PMC9166793 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03487-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease 4A is an autosomal-recessive polyneuropathy caused by mutations of ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1), a putative glutathione transferase, which affects mitochondrial shape and alters cellular Ca2+ homeostasis. Here, we identify the underlying mechanism. We found that patient-derived motoneurons and GDAP1 knockdown SH-SY5Y cells display two phenotypes: more tubular mitochondria and a metabolism characterized by glutamine dependence and fewer cytosolic lipid droplets. GDAP1 interacts with the actin-depolymerizing protein Cofilin-1 and beta-tubulin in a redox-dependent manner, suggesting a role for actin signaling. Consistently, GDAP1 loss causes less F-actin close to mitochondria, which restricts mitochondrial localization of the fission factor dynamin-related protein 1, instigating tubularity. GDAP1 silencing also disrupts mitochondria-ER contact sites. These changes result in lower mitochondrial Ca2+ levels and inhibition of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, explaining the metabolic changes upon GDAP1 loss of function. Together, our findings reconcile GDAP1-associated phenotypes and implicate disrupted actin signaling in CMT4A pathophysiology. GDAP1 mutations effect Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 4A by inhibiting the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex and restricting mitochondrial localization of dynamin-related protein 1 through alterations of the actin cytoskeleton.
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13
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Jerath NU. Mild Late-Onset Sensory Neuropathy Associated with Heterozygous Missense GDAP1 Variants. Case Rep Med 2022; 2022:7492077. [PMID: 35656516 PMCID: PMC9155904 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7492077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study presents the clinical and electrophysiological findings of four subjects with a pathogenic heterozygous GDAP1 variant causing Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2K (CMT2K) and one additional subject with an uncertain GDAP1 variant and clinical findings of CMT 2K. The study evaluated these five subjects using clinical, laboratory, electrophysiological, and genetic testing. The findings showed that clinical features demonstrated no pes cavus, no significant weakness in the hands or feet, normal reflexes in four out of the five subjects, and mild to normal electrodiagnostic findings. The variant was associated with painful and numb feet with diminished sensation to pinprick. This study suggests that GDAP1 variants may be associated with very mild, predominantly sensory Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease, warranting continuing research for this type of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nivedita U. Jerath
- AdventHealth Neuroscience Institute, 1573 West Fairbanks Avenue, Suite 210 Winter Park, Orlando, FL, USA
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14
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Sutinen A, Nguyen GTT, Raasakka A, Muruganandam G, Loris R, Ylikallio E, Tyynismaa H, Bartesaghi L, Ruskamo S, Kursula P. Structural insights into Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease-linked mutations in human GDAP1. FEBS Open Bio 2022; 12:1306-1324. [PMID: 35509130 PMCID: PMC9249340 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.13422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Revised: 04/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is the most common inherited peripheral polyneuropathy in humans, and its different subtypes are linked to mutations in dozens of different genes. Mutations in ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) cause two types of CMT, demyelinating CMT4A and axonal CMT2K. The GDAP1-linked CMT genotypes are mainly missense point mutations. Despite clinical profiling and in vivo studies on the mutations, the etiology of GDAP1-linked CMT is poorly understood. Here, we describe the biochemical and structural properties of the Finnish founding CMT2K mutation H123R as well as CMT2K-linked R120W, both of which are autosomal dominant mutations. The disease variant proteins retain close to normal structure and solution behaviour, but both present a significant decrease in thermal stability. Using GDAP1 variant crystal structures, we identify a side chain interaction network between helices ⍺3, ⍺6, and ⍺7, which is affected by CMT mutations, as well as a hinge in the long helix ⍺6, which is linked to structural flexibility. Structural analysis of GDAP1 indicates that CMT may arise from disruption of specific intra- and intermolecular interaction networks, leading to alterations in GDAP1 structure and stability, and eventually, insufficient motor and sensory neuron function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksi Sutinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Giang Thi Tuyet Nguyen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Arne Raasakka
- Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
| | - Gopinath Muruganandam
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Structural Biology Brussels, Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Belgium
| | - Emil Ylikallio
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland.,Clinical Neurosciences, Helsinki University Hospital, Neurology, Finland
| | - Henna Tyynismaa
- Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | - Salla Ruskamo
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine & Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Norway
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15
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Lehtilahti M, Kallio M, Majamaa K, Kärppä M. Phenotype of Patients With Charcot-Marie-Tooth With the p.His123Arg Mutation in GDAP1 in Northern Finland. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e629. [PMID: 34632054 PMCID: PMC8495501 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Revised: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Background and Objectives Mutations in the ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) gene cause autosomal dominant or autosomal recessive forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). Our aim was to study the clinical phenotype of patients with CMT caused by heterozygous p.His123Arg in GDAP1. Methods Twenty-three Finnish patients were recruited from a population-based cohort and through family investigation. Each patient was examined clinically and electrophysiologically. The Neuropathy Symptom Score and the Neuropathy Disability Score (NDS) were used in clinical evaluation. Results The median age at onset of symptoms was 17 years among patients with p.His123Arg in GDAP1. Motor symptoms were markedly more common than sensory symptoms at onset. All patients had distal weakness in lower extremities, and 17 (74%) patients had proximal weakness. Muscle atrophy and pes cavus were also common. Nineteen (82%) patients had sensory symptoms such as numbness or pain. The disease progressed with age, and the NDS increased 8.5 points per decade. Electrodiagnostic testing revealed length-dependent, sensory and motor axonal polyneuropathy. EDx findings were asymmetrical in 14 patients. Genealogic study of the families suggested a founder effect. Discussion We found that CMT in patients with p.His123Arg in GDAP1 is relatively mild and slow in progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Lehtilahti
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital (M.Kallio); Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (M.Kallio), Oulu, Finland
| | - Mika Kallio
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital (M.Kallio); Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (M.Kallio), Oulu, Finland
| | - Kari Majamaa
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital (M.Kallio); Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (M.Kallio), Oulu, Finland
| | - Mikko Kärppä
- Medical Research Center Oulu, University of Oulu and Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Research Unit of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Oulu (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Neurology, Oulu University Hospital (M.L., K.M., M.Kärppä); Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Medical Research Center Oulu, Oulu University Hospital (M.Kallio); Research Unit of Medical Imaging, Physics and Technology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oulu (M.Kallio), Oulu, Finland
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16
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Novel compound heterozygous missense mutations in GDAP1 cause Charcot–Marie–Tooth type 4A. J Genet 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12041-021-01307-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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17
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Miressi F, Benslimane N, Favreau F, Rassat M, Richard L, Bourthoumieu S, Laroche C, Magy L, Magdelaine C, Sturtz F, Lia AS, Faye PA. GDAP1 Involvement in Mitochondrial Function and Oxidative Stress, Investigated in a Charcot-Marie-Tooth Model of hiPSCs-Derived Motor Neurons. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9080945. [PMID: 34440148 PMCID: PMC8393985 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9080945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the ganglioside-induced differentiation associated protein 1 (GDAP1) gene have been associated with demyelinating and axonal forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, the most frequent hereditary peripheral neuropathy in humans. Previous studies reported the prevalent GDAP1 expression in neural tissues and cells, from animal models. Here, we described the first GDAP1 functional study on human induced-pluripotent stem cells (hiPSCs)-derived motor neurons, obtained from normal subjects and from a CMT2H patient, carrying the GDAP1 homozygous c.581C>G (p.Ser194*) mutation. At mRNA level, we observed that, in normal subjects, GDAP1 is mainly expressed in motor neurons, while it is drastically reduced in the patient’s cells containing a premature termination codon (PTC), probably degraded by the nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD) system. Morphological and functional investigations revealed in the CMT patient’s motor neurons a decrease of cell viability associated to lipid dysfunction and oxidative stress development. Mitochondrion is a key organelle in oxidative stress generation, but it is also mainly involved in energetic metabolism. Thus, in the CMT patient’s motor neurons, mitochondrial cristae defects were observed, even if no deficit in ATP production emerged. This cellular model of hiPSCs-derived motor neurons underlines the role of mitochondrion and oxidative stress in CMT disease and paves the way for new treatment evaluation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federica Miressi
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; (N.B.); (F.F.); (M.R.); (L.R.); (S.B.); (L.M.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (A.-S.L.); (P.-A.F.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Nesrine Benslimane
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; (N.B.); (F.F.); (M.R.); (L.R.); (S.B.); (L.M.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (A.-S.L.); (P.-A.F.)
| | - Frédéric Favreau
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; (N.B.); (F.F.); (M.R.); (L.R.); (S.B.); (L.M.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (A.-S.L.); (P.-A.F.)
- CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Marion Rassat
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; (N.B.); (F.F.); (M.R.); (L.R.); (S.B.); (L.M.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (A.-S.L.); (P.-A.F.)
| | - Laurence Richard
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; (N.B.); (F.F.); (M.R.); (L.R.); (S.B.); (L.M.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (A.-S.L.); (P.-A.F.)
- CHU Limoges, Service de Neurologie, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Sylvie Bourthoumieu
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; (N.B.); (F.F.); (M.R.); (L.R.); (S.B.); (L.M.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (A.-S.L.); (P.-A.F.)
- CHU Limoges, Service de Cytogénétique, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Cécile Laroche
- CHU Limoges, Service de Pédiatrie, F-87000 Limoges, France;
- CHU Limoges, Centre de Compétence des Maladies Héréditaires du Métabolisme, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Laurent Magy
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; (N.B.); (F.F.); (M.R.); (L.R.); (S.B.); (L.M.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (A.-S.L.); (P.-A.F.)
- CHU Limoges, Service de Neurologie, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Corinne Magdelaine
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; (N.B.); (F.F.); (M.R.); (L.R.); (S.B.); (L.M.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (A.-S.L.); (P.-A.F.)
- CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Franck Sturtz
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; (N.B.); (F.F.); (M.R.); (L.R.); (S.B.); (L.M.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (A.-S.L.); (P.-A.F.)
- CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Anne-Sophie Lia
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; (N.B.); (F.F.); (M.R.); (L.R.); (S.B.); (L.M.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (A.-S.L.); (P.-A.F.)
- CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
- CHU Limoges, Service de Bioinformatique, F-87000 Limoges, France
| | - Pierre-Antoine Faye
- Maintenance Myélinique et Neuropathies Périphériques, EA6309, University of Limoges, F-87000 Limoges, France; (N.B.); (F.F.); (M.R.); (L.R.); (S.B.); (L.M.); (C.M.); (F.S.); (A.-S.L.); (P.-A.F.)
- CHU Limoges, Service de Biochimie et Génétique Moléculaire, F-87000 Limoges, France
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18
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Nuevo-Tapioles C, Santacatterina F, Sánchez-Garrido B, Arenas CN, Robledo-Bérgamo A, Martínez-Valero P, Cantarero L, Pardo B, Hoenicka J, Murphy MP, Satrústegui J, Palau F, Cuezva JM. Effective therapeutic strategies in a pre-clinical mouse model of Charcot-Marie-tooth disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 30:2441-2455. [PMID: 34274972 PMCID: PMC8643506 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddab207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 07/14/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot–Marie–Tooth (CMT) disease is a neuropathy that lacks effective therapy. CMT patients show degeneration of peripheral nerves, leading to muscle weakness and loss of proprioception. Loss of mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation proteins and enzymes of the antioxidant response accompany degeneration of nerves in skin biopsies of CMT patients. Herein, we followed a drug-repurposing approach to find drugs in a Food and Drug Administration-approved library that could prevent development of CMT disease in the Gdap1-null mouse model. We found that the antibiotic florfenicol is a mitochondrial uncoupler that prevents the production of reactive oxygen species and activates respiration in human GDAP1-knockdown neuroblastoma cells and in dorsal root ganglion neurons of Gdap1-null mice. Treatment of CMT-affected Gdap1-null mice with florfenicol has no beneficial effect in the course of the disease. However, administration of florfenicol, or the antioxidant MitoQ, to pre-symptomatic GDAP1-null mice prevented weight gain and ameliorated the motor coordination deficiencies that developed in the Gdap1-null mice. Interestingly, both florfenicol and MitoQ halted the decay in mitochondrial and redox proteins in sciatic nerves of Gdap1-null mice, supporting that oxidative damage is implicated in the etiology of the neuropathy. These findings support the development of clinical trials for translation of these drugs for treatment of CMT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Nuevo-Tapioles
- Departamento de Biología Molecular.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre; 28041, Madrid
| | - Fulvio Santacatterina
- Departamento de Biología Molecular.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre; 28041, Madrid
| | - Brenda Sánchez-Garrido
- Departamento de Biología Molecular.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre; 28041, Madrid
| | - Cristina Núñez Arenas
- Departamento de Biología Molecular.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre; 28041, Madrid
| | | | - Paula Martínez-Valero
- Departamento de Biología Molecular.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Lara Cantarero
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII.,Laboratorio de Neurogenética y Medicina Molecular- IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona
| | - Beatriz Pardo
- Departamento de Biología Molecular.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Janet Hoenicka
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII.,Laboratorio de Neurogenética y Medicina Molecular- IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Wellcome Trust/MRC Building, University of Cambridge CB2 0XY, UK
| | - Jorgina Satrústegui
- Departamento de Biología Molecular.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII.,Laboratorio de Neurogenética y Medicina Molecular- IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona.,Departament of Genetic and Molecular Medicine - IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu.,Clinic Institute of Medicine and Dermatology (ICMiD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona.,Division of Pediatrics, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - José M Cuezva
- Departamento de Biología Molecular.,Centro de Biología Molecular Severo Ochoa, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas-Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (CSIC-UAM), 28049, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER) ISCIII.,Instituto de Investigación Hospital 12 de Octubre; 28041, Madrid
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19
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Latypova X, Creadore SG, Dahan-Oliel N, Gustafson AG, Wei-Hung Hwang S, Bedard T, Shazand K, van Bosse HJP, Giampietro PF, Dieterich K. A Genomic Approach to Delineating the Occurrence of Scoliosis in Arthrogryposis Multiplex Congenita. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071052. [PMID: 34356068 PMCID: PMC8305424 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Arthrogryposis multiplex congenita (AMC) describes a group of conditions characterized by the presence of non-progressive congenital contractures in multiple body areas. Scoliosis, defined as a coronal plane spine curvature of ≥10 degrees as measured radiographically, has been reported to occur in approximately 20% of children with AMC. To identify genes that are associated with both scoliosis as a clinical outcome and AMC, we first queried the DECIPHER database for copy number variations (CNVs). Upon query, we identified only two patients with both AMC and scoliosis (AMC-SC). The first patient contained CNVs in three genes (FBN2, MGF10, and PITX1), while the second case had a CNV in ZC4H2. Looking into small variants, using a combination of Human Phenotype Ontogeny and literature searching, 908 genes linked with scoliosis and 444 genes linked with AMC were identified. From these lists, 227 genes were associated with AMC-SC. Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) was performed on the final gene list to gain insight into the functional interactions of genes and various categories. To summarize, this group of genes encompasses a diverse group of cellular functions including transcription regulation, transmembrane receptor, growth factor, and ion channels. These results provide a focal point for further research using genomics and animal models to facilitate the identification of prognostic factors and therapeutic targets for AMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xenia Latypova
- Grenoble Institut Neurosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1216, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France;
| | | | - Noémi Dahan-Oliel
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Montreal, QC H4A 0A9, Canada;
- School of Physical & Occupational Therapy, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, McGill University, Montreal, QC H3G 2M1, Canada
| | | | - Steven Wei-Hung Hwang
- Shriners Hospitals for Children, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA; (S.W.-H.H.); (H.J.P.v.B.)
| | - Tanya Bedard
- Alberta Congenital Anomalies Surveillance System, Alberta Health Services, Edmonton, AB T5J 3E4, Canada;
| | - Kamran Shazand
- Shriners Hospitals for Children Headquarters, Tampa, FL 33607, USA; (S.G.C.); (A.G.G.); (K.S.)
| | | | - Philip F. Giampietro
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Illinois-Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA
- Correspondence: (P.F.G.); (K.D.)
| | - Klaus Dieterich
- Institut of Advanced Biosciences, Université Grenoble Alpes, Inserm, U1209, CHU Grenoble Alpes, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Correspondence: (P.F.G.); (K.D.)
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20
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Sharma G, Pfeffer G, Shutt TE. Genetic Neuropathy Due to Impairments in Mitochondrial Dynamics. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:268. [PMID: 33810506 PMCID: PMC8066130 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are dynamic organelles capable of fusing, dividing, and moving about the cell. These properties are especially important in neurons, which in addition to high energy demand, have unique morphological properties with long axons. Notably, mitochondrial dysfunction causes a variety of neurological disorders including peripheral neuropathy, which is linked to impaired mitochondrial dynamics. Nonetheless, exactly why peripheral neurons are especially sensitive to impaired mitochondrial dynamics remains somewhat enigmatic. Although the prevailing view is that longer peripheral nerves are more sensitive to the loss of mitochondrial motility, this explanation is insufficient. Here, we review pathogenic variants in proteins mediating mitochondrial fusion, fission and transport that cause peripheral neuropathy. In addition to highlighting other dynamic processes that are impacted in peripheral neuropathies, we focus on impaired mitochondrial quality control as a potential unifying theme for why mitochondrial dysfunction and impairments in mitochondrial dynamics in particular cause peripheral neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Govinda Sharma
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Gerald Pfeffer
- Departments of Clinical Neurosciences and Medical Genetics, Cumming School of Medicine, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Alberta Child Health Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
| | - Timothy E. Shutt
- Departments of Medical Genetics and Biochemistry & Molecular Biology, Cumming School of Medicine, Alberta Children’s Hospital Research Institute, Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB T2N 4N1, Canada;
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21
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Figueiredo FB, Silva WA, Giuliatti S, Tomaselli PJ, Lourenço CM, Gouvêa SDP, Covaleski APPM, Hallak JE, Marques W. GDAP1 mutations are frequent among Brazilian patients with autosomal recessive axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Neuromuscul Disord 2021; 31:505-511. [PMID: 33903021 DOI: 10.1016/j.nmd.2021.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated-protein 1 (GDAP1) are associated with several subtypes of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease, including autosomal recessive and demyelinating (CMT4A); autosomal recessive and axonal (AR-CMT2K); autosomal dominant and axonal (CMT2K); and an intermediate and recessive form (CMTRIA). To date, at least 103 mutations in this gene have been described, but the relative frequency of GDAP1 mutations in the Brazilian CMT population is unknown. In this study, we investigated the frequency of GDAP1 mutations in a cohort of 100 unrelated Brazilian CMT patients. We identified five variants in unrelated axonal CMT patients, among which two were novel and probably pathogenic (N64S, P119T) one was novel and was classified as VUS (K207L) and two were known pathogenic variants (R125* and Q163*). The prevalence rate of GDAP1 among the axonal CMT cases was 7,14% (5/70), all of them of recessive inheritance, thus suggesting that the prevalence was higher than what is observed in most countries. All patients exhibited severe early-onset CMT that was rapidly progressive. Additionally, this study widens the mutational spectrum of GDAP1-related CMT through identification of two novel likely pathogenic variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernanda Barbosa Figueiredo
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Araújo Silva
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silvana Giuliatti
- Department of Genetics, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Pedro José Tomaselli
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Charles Marques Lourenço
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Silmara de Paula Gouvêa
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - Jaime E Hallak
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Sciences and Technology - INCT-Translational Medicine - CNPq/FAPESP, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Wilson Marques
- Department of Neurosciences and Behavior Sciences, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil; National Institute of Sciences and Technology - INCT-Translational Medicine - CNPq/FAPESP, São Paulo, Brazil.
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22
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Bruhn H, Samuelsson K, Schober FA, Engvall M, Lesko N, Wibom R, Nennesmo I, Calvo-Garrido J, Press R, Stranneheim H, Freyer C, Wedell A, Wredenberg A. Novel Mutation m.10372A>G in MT-ND3 Causing Sensorimotor Axonal Polyneuropathy. NEUROLOGY-GENETICS 2021; 7:e566. [PMID: 33732874 PMCID: PMC7962437 DOI: 10.1212/nxg.0000000000000566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the pathogenicity of a novel MT-ND3 mutation identified in a patient with adult-onset sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy and report the clinical, morphologic, and biochemical findings. Methods Clinical assessments and morphologic and biochemical investigations of skeletal muscle and cultured myoblasts from the patient were performed. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) of DNA from skeletal muscle and Sanger sequencing of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) from both skeletal muscle and cultured myoblasts were performed. Heteroplasmic levels of mutated mtDNA in different tissues were quantified by last-cycle hot PCR. Results Muscle showed ragged red fibers, paracrystalline inclusions, a significant reduction in complex I (CI) respiratory chain (RC) activity, and decreased adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production for all substrates used by CI. Sanger sequencing of DNA from skeletal muscle detected a unique previously unreported heteroplasmic mutation in mtDNA encoded MT-ND3, coding for a subunit in CI. WGS confirmed the mtDNA mutation but did not detect any other mutation explaining the disease. Cultured myoblasts, however, did not carry the mutation, and RC activity measurements in myoblasts were normal. Conclusions We report a case with adult-onset sensorimotor axonal polyneuropathy caused by a novel mtDNA mutation in MT-ND3. Loss of heteroplasmy in blood, cultured fibroblasts and myoblasts from the patient, and normal measurement of RC activity of the myoblasts support pathogenicity of the mutation. These findings highlight the importance of mitochondrial investigations in patients presenting with seemingly idiopathic polyneuropathy, especially if muscle also is affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helene Bruhn
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Kristin Samuelsson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Florian A Schober
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Martin Engvall
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Nicole Lesko
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rolf Wibom
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Inger Nennesmo
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Javier Calvo-Garrido
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Rayomand Press
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Henrik Stranneheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Christoph Freyer
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wedell
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Anna Wredenberg
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics (H.B., R.W., C.F., A. Wredenberg), Karolinska Institutet; Centre for Inherited Metabolic Diseases (H.B., R.W., C.F., M.E., N.L., H.S., A. Wedell, A. Wredenberg), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Clinical Neuroscience (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Neurology (K.S., R.P.), Karolinska University Hospital; Department of Molecular Medicine and Surgery (F.A.S., M.E., N.L., J.C.-G., H.S., A. Wedell), Karolinska Institutet; Department of Pathology (I.N.), Karolinska University Hospital; and Science for Life Laboratory (H.S.), Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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23
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Keller N, Paketci C, Altmueller J, Fuhrmann N, Wunderlich G, Schrank B, Unver O, Yilmaz S, Boostani R, Karimiani EG, Motameny S, Thiele H, Nürnberg P, Maroofian R, Yis U, Wirth B, Karakaya M. Genomic variants causing mitochondrial dysfunction are common in hereditary lower motor neuron disease. Hum Mutat 2021; 42:460-472. [PMID: 33600046 DOI: 10.1002/humu.24181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Hereditary lower motor neuron diseases (LMND) other than 5q-spinal muscular atrophy (5q-SMA) can be classified according to affected muscle groups. Proximal and distal forms of non-5q-SMA represent a clinically and genetically heterogeneous spectrum characterized by significant overlaps with axonal forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease. A consensus for the best approach to molecular diagnosis needs to be reached, especially in light of continuous novel gene discovery and falling costs of next-generation sequencing (NGS). We performed exome sequencing (ES) in 41 families presenting with non-5q-SMA or axonal CMT, 25 of which had undergone a previous negative neuromuscular disease (NMD) gene panel analysis. The total diagnostic yield of ES was 41%. Diagnostic success in the cohort with a previous NMD-panel analysis was significantly extended by ES, primarily due to novel gene associated-phenotypes and uncharacteristic phenotypic presentations. We recommend early ES for individuals with hereditary LMND presenting uncharacteristic or significantly overlapping features. As mitochondrial dysfunction was the underlying pathomechanism in 47% of the solved individuals, we highlight the sensitivity of the anterior horn cell and peripheral nerve to mitochondrial imbalance as well as the necessity to screen for mitochondrial disorders in individuals presenting predominant lower motor neuron symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Keller
- Institute of Human Genetics and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cem Paketci
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Janine Altmueller
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Nico Fuhrmann
- Institute of Human Genetics and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gilbert Wunderlich
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Department of Neurology, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Bertold Schrank
- Department of Neurology, DKD HELIOS Kliniken, Wiesbaden, Germany
| | - Olcay Unver
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Marmara University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sanem Yilmaz
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Reza Boostani
- Department of Neurology, Ghaem Hospital, Medical School, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Ehsan Ghayoor Karimiani
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Susanne Motameny
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Holger Thiele
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Nürnberg
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Cologne Center for Genomics (CCG), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Reza Maroofian
- Molecular and Clinical Sciences Institute, St. George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London, UK
| | - Uluc Yis
- Department of Pediatric Neurology, Dokuz Eylül University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Brunhilde Wirth
- Institute of Human Genetics and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Mert Karakaya
- Institute of Human Genetics and Institute of Genetics, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- Center for Rare Diseases Cologne, University Hospital Cologne, Cologne, Germany
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24
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Navaratnarajah T, Anand R, Reichert AS, Distelmaier F. The relevance of mitochondrial morphology for human disease. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 134:105951. [PMID: 33610749 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2020] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles, which undergo frequent structural and metabolic changes to fulfil cellular demands. To facilitate these processes several proteins are required to regulate mitochondrial shape and interorganellar communication. These proteins include the classical mitochondrial fusion (MFN1, MFN2, and OPA1) and fission proteins (DRP1, MFF, FIS1, etc.) as well as several other proteins that are directly or indirectly involved in these processes (e.g. YME1L, OMA1, INF2, GDAP1, MIC13, etc.). During the last two decades, inherited genetic defects in mitochondrial fusion and fission proteins have emerged as an important class of neurodegenerative human diseases with variable onset ranging from infancy to adulthood. So far, no causal treatment strategies are available for these disorders. In this review, we provide an overview about the current knowledge on mitochondrial dynamics under physiological conditions. Moreover, we describe human diseases, which are associated with genetic defects in these pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tharsini Navaratnarajah
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Ruchika Anand
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University-Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Andreas S Reichert
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology I, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University-Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Felix Distelmaier
- Department of General Pediatrics, Neonatology and Pediatric Cardiology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-University Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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25
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Mitochondria and calcium defects correlate with axonal dysfunction in GDAP1-related Charcot-Marie-Tooth mouse model. Neurobiol Dis 2021; 152:105300. [PMID: 33582224 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2021.105300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ganglioside-induced differentiation associated protein 1 (GDAP1) gene encodes a protein of the mitochondrial outer membrane and of the mitochondrial membrane contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (MAMs) and lysosomes. Since mutations in GDAP1 cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth, an inherited motor and sensory neuropathy, its function is essential for peripheral nerve physiology. Our previous studies showed structural and functional defects in mitochondria and their contacts when GDAP1 is depleted. Nevertheless, the underlying axonal pathophysiological events remain unclear. Here, we have used embryonic motor neurons (eMNs) cultures from Gdap1 knockout (Gdap1-/-) mice to investigate in vivo mitochondria and calcium homeostasis in the axons. We imaged mitochondrial axonal transport and we found a defective pattern in the Gdap1-/- eMNs. We also detected pathological and functional mitochondria membrane abnormalities with a drop in ATP production and a deteriorated bioenergetic status. Another consequence of the loss of GDAP1 in the soma and axons of eMNs was the in vivo increase calcium levels in both basal conditions and during recovery after neuronal stimulation with glutamate. Further, we found that glutamate-stimulation of respiration was lower in Gdap1-/- eMNs showing that the basal bioenergetics failure jeopardizes a full respiratory response and prevents a rapid return of calcium to basal levels. Together, our results demonstrate that the loss of GDAP1 critically compromises the morphology and function of mitochondria and its relationship with calcium homeostasis in the soma and axons, offering important insight into the cellular mechanisms associated with axonal degeneration of GDAP1-related CMT neuropathies and the relevance that axon length may have.
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Schiavon CR, Shadel GS, Manor U. Impaired Mitochondrial Mobility in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:624823. [PMID: 33598463 PMCID: PMC7882694 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.624823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a progressive, peripheral neuropathy and the most commonly inherited neurological disorder. Clinical manifestations of CMT mutations are typically limited to peripheral neurons, the longest cells in the body. Currently, mutations in at least 80 different genes are associated with CMT and new mutations are regularly being discovered. A large portion of the proteins mutated in axonal CMT have documented roles in mitochondrial mobility, suggesting that organelle trafficking defects may be a common underlying disease mechanism. This review will focus on the potential role of altered mitochondrial mobility in the pathogenesis of axonal CMT, highlighting the conceptional challenges and potential experimental and therapeutic opportunities presented by this "impaired mobility" model of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cara R. Schiavon
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Gerald S. Shadel
- Molecular and Cell Biology Laboratory, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Uri Manor
- Waitt Advanced Biophotonics Center, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, United States
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Nguyen GTT, Sutinen A, Raasakka A, Muruganandam G, Loris R, Kursula P. Structure of the Complete Dimeric Human GDAP1 Core Domain Provides Insights into Ligand Binding and Clustering of Disease Mutations. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 7:631232. [PMID: 33585569 PMCID: PMC7873046 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2020.631232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is one of the most common inherited neurological disorders. Despite the common involvement of ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) in CMT, the protein structure and function, as well as the pathogenic mechanisms, remain unclear. We determined the crystal structure of the complete human GDAP1 core domain, which shows a novel mode of dimerization within the glutathione S-transferase (GST) family. The long GDAP1-specific insertion forms an extended helix and a flexible loop. GDAP1 is catalytically inactive toward classical GST substrates. Through metabolite screening, we identified a ligand for GDAP1, the fatty acid hexadecanedioic acid, which is relevant for mitochondrial membrane permeability and Ca2+ homeostasis. The fatty acid binds to a pocket next to a CMT-linked residue cluster, increases protein stability, and induces changes in protein conformation and oligomerization. The closest homologue of GDAP1, GDAP1L1, is monomeric in its full-length form. Our results highlight the uniqueness of GDAP1 within the GST family and point toward allosteric mechanisms in regulating GDAP1 oligomeric state and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giang Thi Tuyet Nguyen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Aleksi Sutinen
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Arne Raasakka
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gopinath Muruganandam
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Remy Loris
- VIB-VUB Center for Structural Biology, Vlaams Instituut voor Biotechnologie, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Bioengineering Sciences, Structural Biology Brussels, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Petri Kursula
- Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine and Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland.,Department of Biomedicine, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Kim HS, Kim HJ, Nam SH, Kim SB, Choi YJ, Lee KS, Chung KW, Yoon YC, Choi BO. Clinical and Neuroimaging Features in Charcot-Marie-Tooth Patients with GDAP1 Mutations. J Clin Neurol 2021; 17:52-62. [PMID: 33480199 PMCID: PMC7840330 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2021.17.1.52] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Revised: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Mutations in the ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 gene (GDAP1) are known to cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT). These mutations are very rare in most countries, but not in certain Mediterranean countries. The purpose of this study was to identify the clinical and neuroimaging characteristics of Korean CMT patients with GDAP1 mutations. Methods Gene sequencing was applied to 1,143 families in whom CMT had been diagnosed from 2005 to 2020. PMP22 duplication was found in 344 families, and whole-exome sequencing was performed in 699 patients. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) were obtained using either a 1.5-T or 3.0-T MRI system. Results We found ten patients from eight families with GDAP1 mutations: five with autosomal dominant (AD) CMT type 2K (three families with p.R120W and two families with p.Q218E) and three with autosomal recessive (AR) intermediate CMT type A (two families with homozygous p.H256R and one family with p.P111H and p.V219G mutations). The frequency was about 1.0% exclusive of the PMP22 duplication, which is similar to that in other Asian countries. There were clinical differences among AD GDAP1 patients according to mutation sites. Surprisingly, fat infiltrations evident in lower-limb MRI differed between AD and AR patients. The posterior-compartment muscles in the calf were affected early and predominantly in AD patients, whereas AR patients showed fat infiltration predominantly in the anterolateral-compartment muscles. Conclusions This is the first cohort report on Korean patients with GDAP1 mutations. The patients with AD and AR inheritance routes exhibited different clinical and neuroimaging features in the lower extremities. We believe that these results will help to expand the knowledge of the clinical, genetic, and neuroimaging features of CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyun Su Kim
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hye Jin Kim
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Soo Hyun Nam
- Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Beom Kim
- Department of Neurology, Kyung Hee University Hospital at Gangdong, Kyung Hee University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Jin Choi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Kyung Suk Lee
- Department of Physics Education, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Ki Wha Chung
- Department of Biological Sciences, Kongju National University, Gongju, Korea
| | - Young Cheol Yoon
- Department of Radiology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Byung Ok Choi
- Department of Health Sciences and Technology, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Neurology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.,Stem Cell & Regenerative Medicine Institute, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.
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Cantarero L, Juárez-Escoto E, Civera-Tregón A, Rodríguez-Sanz M, Roldán M, Benítez R, Hoenicka J, Palau F. Mitochondria-lysosome membrane contacts are defective in GDAP1-related Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. Hum Mol Genet 2021; 29:3589-3605. [PMID: 33372681 PMCID: PMC7823109 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddaa243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 10/13/2020] [Accepted: 10/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Mutations in the GDAP1 gene cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. GDAP1 is an atypical glutathione S-transferase (GST) of the outer mitochondrial membrane and the mitochondrial membrane contacts with the endoplasmic reticulum (MAMs). Here, we investigate the role of this GST in the autophagic flux and the membrane contact sites (MCSs) between mitochondria and lysosomes in the cellular pathophysiology of GDAP1 deficiency. We demonstrate that GDAP1 participates in basal autophagy and that its depletion affects LC3 and PI3P biology in autophagosome biogenesis and membrane trafficking from MAMs. GDAP1 also contributes to the maturation of lysosome by interacting with PYKfyve kinase, a pH-dependent master lysosomal regulator. GDAP1 deficiency causes giant lysosomes with hydrolytic activity, a delay in the autophagic lysosome reformation, and TFEB activation. Notably, we found that GDAP1 interacts with LAMP-1, which supports that GDAP1-LAMP-1 is a new tethering pair of mitochondria and lysosome membrane contacts. We observed mitochondria-lysosome MCSs in soma and axons of cultured mouse embryonic motor neurons and human neuroblastoma cells. GDAP1 deficiency reduces the MCSs between these organelles, causes mitochondrial network abnormalities, and decreases levels of cellular glutathione (GSH). The supply of GSH-MEE suffices to rescue the lysosome membranes and the defects of the mitochondrial network, but not the interorganelle MCSs nor early autophagic events. Overall, we show that GDAP1 enables the proper function of mitochondrial MCSs in both degradative and nondegradative pathways, which could explain primary insults in GDAP1-related CMT pathophysiology, and highlights new redox-sensitive targets in axonopathies where mitochondria and lysosomes are involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lara Cantarero
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Elena Juárez-Escoto
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Azahara Civera-Tregón
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - María Rodríguez-Sanz
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Mónica Roldán
- Confocal Microscopy Unit, IPER, Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine, and Department of Pathology, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Raúl Benítez
- Biomedical Engineering Research Center (CREB), Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Automatic Control Department and Biomedical Engineering Research Center, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, Barcelona 08028, Spain
| | - Janet Hoenicka
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08950, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu (IRSJD), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine, Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine—IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona 08950, Spain
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Clinic Institute of Medicine and Dermatology (ICMiD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona 08036, Spain
- Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona 08036, Spain
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Mutations in GDAP1 Influence Structure and Function of the Trans-Golgi Network. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22020914. [PMID: 33477664 PMCID: PMC7831947 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22020914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a heritable neurodegenerative disease that displays great genetic heterogeneity. The genes and mutations that underlie this heterogeneity have been extensively characterized by molecular genetics. However, the molecular pathogenesis of the vast majority of CMT subtypes remains terra incognita. Any attempts to perform experimental therapy for CMT disease are limited by a lack of understanding of the pathogenesis at a molecular level. In this study, we aim to identify the molecular pathways that are disturbed by mutations in the gene encoding GDAP1 using both yeast and human cell, based models of CMT-GDAP1 disease. We found that some mutations in GDAP1 led to a reduced expression of the GDAP1 protein and resulted in a selective disruption of the Golgi apparatus. These structural alterations are accompanied by functional disturbances within the Golgi. We screened over 1500 drugs that are available on the market using our yeast-based CMT-GDAP1 model. Drugs were identified that had both positive and negative effects on cell phenotypes. To the best of our knowledge, this study is the first report of the Golgi apparatus playing a role in the pathology of CMT disorders. The drugs we identified, using our yeast-based CMT-GDAP1 model, may be further used in translational research.
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Genetic mechanisms of peripheral nerve disease. Neurosci Lett 2020; 742:135357. [PMID: 33249104 DOI: 10.1016/j.neulet.2020.135357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2020] [Revised: 08/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral neuropathies of genetic etiology are a very diverse group of disorders manifesting either as non-syndromic inherited neuropathies without significant manifestations outside the peripheral nervous system, or as part of a systemic or syndromic genetic disorder. The former and most frequent group is collectively known as Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT), with prevalence as high as 1:2,500 world-wide, and has proven to be genetically highly heterogeneous. More than 100 different genes have been identified so far to cause various CMT forms, following all possible inheritance patterns. CMT causative genes belong to several common functional pathways that are essential for the integrity of the peripheral nerve. Their discovery has provided insights into the normal biology of axons and myelinating cells, and has highlighted the molecular mechanisms including both loss of function and gain of function effects, leading to peripheral nerve degeneration. Demyelinating neuropathies result from dysfunction of genes primarily affecting myelinating Schwann cells, while axonal neuropathies are caused by genes affecting mostly neurons and their long axons. Furthermore, mutation in genes expressed outside the nervous system, as in the case of inherited amyloid neuropathies, may cause peripheral neuropathy resulting from accumulation of β-structured amyloid fibrils in peripheral nerves in addition to various organs. Increasing insights into the molecular-genetic mechanisms have revealed potential therapeutic targets. These will enable the development of novel therapeutics for genetic neuropathies that remain, in their majority, without effective treatment.
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Khani M, Taheri H, Shamshiri H, Moazzeni H, Hardy J, Bras JT, InanlooRahatloo K, Alavi A, Nafissi S, Elahi E. Deep geno- and phenotyping in two consanguineous families with CMT2 reveals HADHA as an unusual disease-causing gene and an intronic variant in GDAP1 as an unusual mutation. J Neurol 2020; 268:640-650. [PMID: 32897397 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-020-10171-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 08/12/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a prevalent and heterogeneous peripheral neuropathy. Most patients affected with the axonal form of CMT (CMT2) do not harbor mutations in the approximately 90 known CMT-associated genes. We aimed to identify causative genes in two CMT2 pedigrees. METHODS Neurologic examination, laboratory tests and brain MRIs were performed. Genetic analysis included exome sequencing of four patients from the two pedigrees. The predicted effect of a deep intronic mutation on splicing was tested by regular and real-time PCR and sequencing. RESULTS Clinical data were consistent with CMT2 diagnosis. Inheritance patterns were autosomal recessive. Exome data of CMT2-101 did not include mutations in known CMT-associated genes. Sequence data, segregation analysis, bioinformatics analysis, evolutionary conservation, and information in the literature strongly implicated HADHA as the causative gene. An intronic variation positioned 23 nucleotides away from following intron/exon border in GDAP1 was ultimately identified as cause of CMT in CMT2-102. It was shown to affect splicing. CONCLUSION The finding of a HADHA mutation as a cause of CMT is of interest because its encoded protein is a subunit of the mitochondrial trifunctional protein (MTP) complex, a mitochondrial enzyme involved in long chain fatty acid oxidation. Long chain fatty acid oxidation is an important source of energy for skeletal muscles. The mutation found in CMT2-102 is only the second intronic mutation reported in GDAP1. The mutation in the CMT2-102 pedigree was outside the canonical splice site sequences, emphasizing the importance of careful examination of available intronic sequences in exome sequence data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marzieh Khani
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hanieh Taheri
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hosein Shamshiri
- Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamidreza Moazzeni
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - John Hardy
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jose Tomas Bras
- Department of Molecular Neuroscience, Institute of Neurology, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Afagh Alavi
- Genetics Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahriar Nafissi
- Department of Neurology, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Elahe Elahi
- School of Biology, College of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran.
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Googins MR, Woghiren-Afegbua AO, Calderon M, St Croix CM, Kiselyov KI, VanDemark AP. Structural and functional divergence of GDAP1 from the glutathione S-transferase superfamily. FASEB J 2020; 34:7192-7207. [PMID: 32274853 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000110r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 03/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) alter mitochondrial morphology and result in several subtypes of the inherited peripheral neuropathy Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease; however, the mechanism by which GDAP1 functions has remained elusive. GDAP1 contains primary sequence homology to the GST superfamily; however, the question of whether GDAP1 is an active GST has not been clearly resolved. Here, we present biochemical evidence, suggesting that GDAP1 has lost the ability to bind glutathione without a loss of substrate binding activity. We have revealed that the α-loop, located within the H-site motif is the primary determinant for substrate binding. Using structural data of GDAP1, we have found that critical residues and configurations in the G-site which canonically interact with glutathione are altered in GDAP1, rendering it incapable of binding glutathione. Last, we have found that the overexpression of GDAP1 in HeLa cells results in a mitochondrial phenotype which is distinct from oxidative stress-induced mitochondrial fragmentation. This phenotype is dependent on the presence of the transmembrane domain, as well as a unique hydrophobic domain that is not found in canonical GSTs. Together, we data point toward a non-enzymatic role for GDAP1, such as a sensor or receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew R Googins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Michael Calderon
- Center for Biologic Imaging, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | | | - Kirill I Kiselyov
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Andrew P VanDemark
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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Wolf C, López del Amo V, Arndt S, Bueno D, Tenzer S, Hanschmann EM, Berndt C, Methner A. Redox Modifications of Proteins of the Mitochondrial Fusion and Fission Machinery. Cells 2020; 9:cells9040815. [PMID: 32230997 PMCID: PMC7226787 DOI: 10.3390/cells9040815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial fusion and fission tailors the mitochondrial shape to changes in cellular homeostasis. Players of this process are the mitofusins, which regulate fusion of the outer mitochondrial membrane, and the fission protein DRP1. Upon specific stimuli, DRP1 translocates to the mitochondria, where it interacts with its receptors FIS1, MFF, and MID49/51. Another fission factor of clinical relevance is GDAP1. Here, we identify and discuss cysteine residues of these proteins that are conserved in phylogenetically distant organisms and which represent potential sites of posttranslational redox modifications. We reveal that worms and flies possess only a single mitofusin, which in vertebrates diverged into MFN1 and MFN2. All mitofusins contain four conserved cysteines in addition to cysteine 684 in MFN2, a site involved in mitochondrial hyperfusion. DRP1 and FIS1 are also evolutionarily conserved but only DRP1 contains four conserved cysteine residues besides cysteine 644, a specific site of nitrosylation. MFF and MID49/51 are only present in the vertebrate lineage. GDAP1 is missing in the nematode genome and contains no conserved cysteine residues. Our analysis suggests that the function of the evolutionarily oldest proteins of the mitochondrial fusion and fission machinery, the mitofusins and DRP1 but not FIS1, might be altered by redox modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wolf
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (C.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Víctor López del Amo
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA;
| | - Sabine Arndt
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Diones Bueno
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (C.W.); (D.B.)
| | - Stefan Tenzer
- Institute for Immunology, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (S.A.); (S.T.)
| | - Eva-Maria Hanschmann
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (E.-M.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Carsten Berndt
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine University, 40225 Düsseldorf, Germany; (E.-M.H.); (C.B.)
| | - Axel Methner
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center of the Johannes-Gutenberg University Mainz, 55131 Mainz, Germany; (C.W.); (D.B.)
- Correspondence:
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Rzepnikowska W, Kaminska J, Kabzińska D, Kochański A. Pathogenic Effect of GDAP1 Gene Mutations in a Yeast Model. Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11030310. [PMID: 32183277 PMCID: PMC7140815 DOI: 10.3390/genes11030310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The question of whether a newly identified sequence variant is truly a causative mutation is a central problem of modern clinical genetics. In the current era of massive sequencing, there is an urgent need to develop new tools for assessing the pathogenic effect of new sequence variants. In Charcot-Marie-Tooth disorders (CMT) with their extreme genetic heterogeneity and relatively homogenous clinical presentation, addressing the pathogenic effect of rare sequence variants within 80 CMT genes is extremely challenging. The presence of multiple rare sequence variants within a single CMT-affected patient makes selection for the strongest one, the truly causative mutation, a challenging issue. In the present study we propose a new yeast-based model to evaluate the pathogenic effect of rare sequence variants found within the one of the CMT-associated genes, GDAP1. In our approach, the wild-type and pathogenic variants of human GDAP1 gene were expressed in yeast. Then, a growth rate and mitochondrial morphology and function of GDAP1-expressing strains were studied. Also, the mutant GDAP1 proteins localization and functionality were assessed in yeast. We have shown, that GDAP1 was not only stably expressed but also functional in yeast cell, as it influenced morphology and function of mitochondria and altered the growth of a mutant yeast strain. What is more, the various GDAP1 pathogenic sequence variants caused the specific for them effect in the tests we performed. Thus, the proposed model is suitable for validating the pathogenic effect of known GDAP1 mutations and may be used for testing of unknown sequence variants found in CMT patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Rzepnikowska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Joanna Kaminska
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Dagmara Kabzińska
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.)
| | - Andrzej Kochański
- Neuromuscular Unit, Mossakowski Medical Research Centre Polish Academy of Sciences, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland; (W.R.); (D.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +48-22-60-86-526
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Morelli KH, Hatton CL, Harper SQ, Burgess RW. Gene therapies for axonal neuropathies: Available strategies, successes to date, and what to target next. Brain Res 2020; 1732:146683. [PMID: 32001243 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2020.146683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Nearly one-hundred loci in the human genome have been associated with different forms of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) and related inherited neuropathies. Despite this wealth of gene targets, treatment options are still extremely limited, and clear "druggable" pathways are not obvious for many of these mutations. However, recent advances in gene therapies are beginning to circumvent this challenge. Each type of CMT is a monogenic disorder, and the cellular targets are usually well-defined and typically include peripheral neurons or Schwann cells. In addition, the genetic mechanism is often also clear, with loss-of-function mutations requiring restoration of gene expression, and gain-of-function or dominant-negative mutations requiring silencing of the mutant allele. These factors combine to make CMT a good target for developing genetic therapies. Here we will review the state of relatively established gene therapy approaches, including viral vector-mediated gene replacement and antisense oligonucleotides for exon skipping, altering splicing, and gene knockdown. We will also describe earlier stage approaches for allele-specific knockdown and CRIPSR/Cas9 gene editing. We will next describe how these various approaches have been deployed in clinical and preclinical studies. Finally, we will evaluate various forms of CMT as candidates for gene therapy based on the current understanding of their genetics, cellular/tissue targets, validated animal models, and availability of patient populations and natural history data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn H Morelli
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA
| | | | - Scott Q Harper
- Center for Gene Therapy, The Research Institute at Nationwide Children's Hospital, Columbus, OH, USA; Department of Pediatrics, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Robert W Burgess
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA; The Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469, USA.
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37
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Mortreux J, Bacquet J, Boyer A, Alazard E, Bellance R, Giguet-Valard AG, Cerino M, Krahn M, Audic F, Chabrol B, Laugel V, Desvignes JP, Béroud C, Nguyen K, Verschueren A, Lévy N, Attarian S, Delague V, Missirian C, Bonello-Palot N. Identification of novel pathogenic copy number variations in Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease. J Hum Genet 2019; 65:313-323. [PMID: 31852984 DOI: 10.1038/s10038-019-0710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 12/03/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is a hereditary sensory-motor neuropathy characterized by a strong clinical and genetic heterogeneity. Over the past few years, with the occurrence of whole-exome sequencing (WES) or whole-genome sequencing (WGS), the molecular diagnosis rate has been improved by allowing the screening of more than 80 genes at one time. In CMT, except the recurrent PMP22 duplication accounting for about 60% of pathogenic variations, pathogenic copy number variations (CNVs) are rarely reported and only a few studies screening specifically CNVs have been performed. The aim of the present study was to screen for CNVs in the most prevalent genes associated with CMT in a cohort of 200 patients negative for the PMP22 duplication. CNVs were screened using the Exome Depth software on next generation sequencing (NGS) data obtained by targeted capture and sequencing of a panel of 81 CMT associated genes. Deleterious CNVs were identified in four patients (2%), in four genes: GDAP1, LRSAM1, GAN, and FGD4. All CNVs were confirmed by high-resolution oligonucleotide array Comparative Genomic Hybridization (aCGH) and/or quantitative PCR. By identifying four new CNVs in four different genes, we demonstrate that, although they are rare mutational events in CMT, CNVs might contribute significantly to mutational spectrum of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease and should be searched in routine NGS diagnosis. This strategy increases the molecular diagnosis rate of patients with neuropathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mortreux
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Timone enfants, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - J Bacquet
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Timone enfants, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - A Boyer
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Timone enfants, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - E Alazard
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Timone enfants, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - R Bellance
- Centre de référence Caribéen pour les maladies neuromusculaires, CeRCa, Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, France
| | - A G Giguet-Valard
- Centre de référence Caribéen pour les maladies neuromusculaires, CeRCa, Hôpital Pierre-Zobda-Quitman, CHU de Martinique, France
| | - M Cerino
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Timone enfants, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - M Krahn
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Timone enfants, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - F Audic
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, Hôpital de la Timone enfant, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - B Chabrol
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, Hôpital de la Timone enfant, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - V Laugel
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, Service de pédiatrie, CHU Strasbourg, France
| | - J P Desvignes
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - C Béroud
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Timone enfants, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - K Nguyen
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Timone enfants, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - A Verschueren
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, Hôpital de la Timone Adulte, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - N Lévy
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Timone enfants, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - S Attarian
- Centre de référence des maladies neuromusculaires, Hôpital de la Timone Adulte, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France
| | - V Delague
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - C Missirian
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Timone enfants, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France.,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France
| | - N Bonello-Palot
- Département de génétique médicale, Hôpital Timone enfants, Assistance-Publique Hôpitaux de Marseille, Marseille, France. .,Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, MMG, U1251, Marseille, France.
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Cassereau J, Chevrollier A, Codron P, Goizet C, Gueguen N, Verny C, Reynier P, Bonneau D, Lenaers G, Procaccio V. Oxidative stress contributes differentially to the pathophysiology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2K. Exp Neurol 2019; 323:113069. [PMID: 31655048 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2019] [Revised: 09/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease is a common inherited peripheral neuropathy. The CMT2K axonal form is associated with GDAP1 dominant mutations, which according to the affected domain cause a gradient of severity. Indeed, the p.C240Y mutation, located within GDAP1 glutathione S-transferase (GST) domain and associated to a mitochondrial complex I defect, is related to a faster disease progression, compared to other mutations, such as the p.R120W located outside the GST domain. Here, we analysed the pathophysiology of six CMT2K fibroblast cell lines, carrying either the p.C240Y or p.R120W mutations. We show that complex I deficiency leads to a redox potential alteration and a significant reduction of sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) expression, a major deacetylase sensitive to the cellular redox state, and NRF1 the downstream target of SIRT1. In addition, we disclosed that the p.C240Y mutation is associated with a greater mitochondrial oxidative stress than the p.R120W mutation. Moreover, complex I activity is further restored in CMT2K mutant cell lines exposed to resveratrol. Together, these results suggest that the reduction of oxidative stress may constitute a promising therapeutic strategy for CMT2K.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Cassereau
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Neurology, F-49100 Angers, France.
| | - Arnaud Chevrollier
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Philippe Codron
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Neurology, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Cyril Goizet
- Centre de Référence Neurogénétique, Service de Génétique, Hôpital Pellegrin, University Hospital of Bordeaux and Laboratoire, MRGM, INSERM U1211, University of Bordeaux, F-33000 Bordeaux, France
| | - Naïg Gueguen
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Christophe Verny
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Neurology, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Pascal Reynier
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Dominique Bonneau
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, F-49100 Angers, France
| | - Guy Lenaers
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France
| | - Vincent Procaccio
- MitoLab, UMR CNRS 6015-INSERM 1083, MitoVasc Institute, University of Angers, Angers, France; University Hospital of Angers, Department of Biochemistry and Genetics, F-49100 Angers, France
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Bis-Brewer DM, Fazal S, Züchner S. Genetic modifiers and non-Mendelian aspects of CMT. Brain Res 2019; 1726:146459. [PMID: 31525351 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2019.146459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Revised: 09/04/2019] [Accepted: 09/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathies are amongst the most common inherited diseases in neurology. While great strides have been made to identify the genesis of these diseases, a diagnostic gap of 30-60% remains. Classic models of genetic causation may be limited to fully close this gap and, thus, we review the current state and future role of alternative, non-Mendelian forms of genetics in CMT. Promising synergies exist to further define the full genetic architecture of inherited neuropathies, including affordable whole-genome sequencing, increased data aggregation and clinical collaboration, improved bioinformatics and statistical methodology, and vastly improved computational resources. Given the recent advances in genetic therapies for rare diseases, it becomes a matter of urgency to diagnose CMT patients with great fidelity. Otherwise, they will not be able to benefit from such therapeutic options, or worse, suffer harm when pathogenicity of genetic variation is falsely evaluated. In addition, the newly identified modifier and risk genes may offer alternative targets for pharmacotherapy of inherited and, potentially, even acquired forms of neuropathies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana M Bis-Brewer
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Sarah Fazal
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Stephan Züchner
- Dr. John T. Macdonald Foundation, Department of Human Genetics and John P. Hussman Institute for Human Genomics, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA.
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40
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Fernandez-Lizarbe S, Civera-Tregón A, Cantarero L, Herrer I, Juarez P, Hoenicka J, Palau F. Neuroinflammation in the pathogenesis of axonal Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease caused by lack of GDAP1. Exp Neurol 2019; 320:113004. [PMID: 31271761 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.113004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2018] [Revised: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 06/28/2019] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Mutations in the GDAP1 mitochondrial outer membrane gene cause Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) neuropathy. Reduction or absence of GDAP1 has been associated with abnormal changes in the mitochondrial morphology and dynamics, oxidative stress and changes in calcium homeostasis. Neuroinflammation has been described in rodent models of genetic demyelinating CMT neuropathies but not in CMT primarily associated with axonopathy. Inflammatory processes have also been related to mitochondrial changes and oxidative stress in central neurodegenerative disorders. Here we investigated the presence of neuroinflammation in the axonal neuropathy of the Gdap1-/- mice. We showed by transcriptome profile of spinal cord and the in vivo detection of activated phagocytes that the absence of GDAP1 is associated with upregulation of inflammatory pathways. We observed reactive gliosis in spinal cord with increase of the astroglia markers GFAP and S100B, and the microglia marker IBA1. Additionally, we found significant increase of inflammatory mediators such as TNF-α and pERK, and C1qa and C1qb proteins of the complement system. Importantly, we observed an increased expression of CD206 and CD86 as M2 and M1 microglia and macrophage response markers, respectively, in Gdap1-/- mice. These inflammatory changes were also associated with abnormal molecular changes in synapses. In summary, we demonstrate that inflammation in spinal cord and sciatic nerve, but not in brain and cerebellum, is part of the pathophysiology of axonal GDAP1-related CMT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Azahara Civera-Tregón
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine - IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Lara Cantarero
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine - IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Isabel Herrer
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Paula Juarez
- Centro de Investigación Príncipe Felipe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Janet Hoenicka
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine - IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Salud Mental (CIBESAM), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Palau
- Laboratory of Neurogenetics and Molecular Medicine - IPER, Institut de Recerca Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Barcelona, Spain; Department of Genetic and Molecular Medicine - IPER, Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Barcelona, Spain; Clinic Institute of Medicine and Dermatology (ICMiD), Hospital Clínic, Barcelona, Spain; Division of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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41
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Eijkenboom I, Vanoevelen JM, Hoeijmakers JG, Wijnen I, Gerards M, Faber CG, Smeets HJ. A zebrafish model to study small-fiber neuropathy reveals a potential role for GDAP1. Mitochondrion 2019; 47:273-281. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mito.2019.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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42
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Nam SH, Choi BO. Clinical and genetic aspects of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease subtypes. PRECISION AND FUTURE MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.23838/pfm.2018.00163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
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43
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Costello JL, Passmore JB, Islinger M, Schrader M. Multi-localized Proteins: The Peroxisome-Mitochondria Connection. Subcell Biochem 2019; 89:383-415. [PMID: 30378033 DOI: 10.1007/978-981-13-2233-4_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Peroxisomes and mitochondria are dynamic, multifunctional organelles that play pivotal cooperative roles in the metabolism of cellular lipids and reactive oxygen species. Their functional interplay, the "peroxisome-mitochondria connection", also includes cooperation in anti-viral signalling and defence, as well as coordinated biogenesis by sharing key division proteins. In this review, we focus on multi-localised proteins which are shared by peroxisomes and mitochondria in mammals. We first outline the targeting and sharing of matrix proteins which are involved in metabolic cooperation. Next, we discuss shared components of peroxisomal and mitochondrial dynamics and division, and we present novel insights into the dual targeting of tail-anchored membrane proteins. Finally, we provide an overview of what is currently known about the role of shared membrane proteins in disease. What emerges is that sharing of proteins between these two organelles plays a key role in their cooperative functions which, based on new findings, may be more extensive than originally envisaged. Gaining a better insight into organelle interplay and the targeting of shared proteins is pivotal to understanding how organelle cooperation contributes to human health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Markus Islinger
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Center for Biomedicine & Medical Technology Mannheim, Medical Faculty Manheim, University of Heidelberg, 68167, Mannheim, Germany
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44
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Observation of novel COX20 mutations related to autosomal recessive axonal neuropathy and static encephalopathy. Hum Genet 2019; 138:749-756. [DOI: 10.1007/s00439-019-02026-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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45
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Novel GDAP1 Mutation in a Vietnamese Family with Charcot-Marie-Tooth Disease. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:7132494. [PMID: 31179332 PMCID: PMC6507255 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7132494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Revised: 12/21/2018] [Accepted: 04/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Background Mutations of GDAP1 gene cause autosomal dominant and autosomal recessive Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT) disease and over 80 different mutations have been identified so far. This study analyzed the clinical and genetic characteristics of a Vietnamese CMT family that was affected by a novel GDAP1 mutation. Methods We present three children of a family with progressive weakness, mild sensory loss, and absent tendon reflexes. Electrodiagnostic analyses displayed an axonal type of neuropathy in affected patients. Sequencing of GDAP1 gene was requested for all members of the family. Results All affected individuals manifested identical clinical symptoms of motor and sensory impairments within the first three years of life, and nerve conduction study indicated the axonal degeneration. A homozygous GDAP1 variant (c.667_671dup) was found in the three affected children as recessive inheritance pattern. The mutation leads to a premature termination codon that shortens GDAP1 protein (p.Gln224Hisfs∗37). Further testing showed heterozygous c.667_671dup variant in the parents. Discussion Our study expands the mutational spectrum of GDAP1-related CMT disease with the new and unreported GDAP1 variant. Alterations in GDAP1 gene should be evaluated as CMT causing variants in the Vietnamese population, predominantly axonal form of neuropathy in CMT disease.
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46
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Jiang J, Tang M, Huang Z, Chen L. Junctophilins emerge as novel therapeutic targets. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:16933-16943. [DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2018] [Revised: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Jiang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Mingzhu Tang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Zhen Huang
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study University of South China Hengyang China
| | - Linxi Chen
- Institute of Pharmacy and Pharmacology, Learning Key Laboratory for Pharmacoproteomics, Hunan Province Cooperative Innovation Center for Molecular Target New Drugs Study University of South China Hengyang China
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47
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Ohno N, Ikenaka K. Axonal and neuronal degeneration in myelin diseases. Neurosci Res 2019; 139:48-57. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2018.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 08/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
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48
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Calcium Deregulation and Mitochondrial Bioenergetics in GDAP1-Related CMT Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20020403. [PMID: 30669311 PMCID: PMC6359725 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20020403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2018] [Revised: 01/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathology of Charcot-Marie-Tooth (CMT), a disease arising from mutations in different genes, has been associated with an impairment of mitochondrial dynamics and axonal biology of mitochondria. Mutations in ganglioside-induced differentiation-associated protein 1 (GDAP1) cause several forms of CMT neuropathy, but the pathogenic mechanisms involved remain unclear. GDAP1 is an outer mitochondrial membrane protein highly expressed in neurons. It has been proposed to play a role in different aspects of mitochondrial physiology, including mitochondrial dynamics, oxidative stress processes, and mitochondrial transport along the axons. Disruption of the mitochondrial network in a neuroblastoma model of GDAP1-related CMT has been shown to decrease Ca2+ entry through the store-operated calcium entry (SOCE), which caused a failure in stimulation of mitochondrial respiration. In this review, we summarize the different functions proposed for GDAP1 and focus on the consequences for Ca2+ homeostasis and mitochondrial energy production linked to CMT disease caused by different GDAP1 mutations.
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49
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Murakami T, Sunada Y. Schwann Cell and the Pathogenesis of Charcot–Marie–Tooth Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1190:301-321. [DOI: 10.1007/978-981-32-9636-7_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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50
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Mitochondrial Dynamics in Stem Cells and Differentiation. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:ijms19123893. [PMID: 30563106 PMCID: PMC6321186 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19123893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2018] [Revised: 12/03/2018] [Accepted: 12/04/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are highly dynamic organelles that continuously change their shape. Their main function is adenosine triphosphate (ATP) production; however, they are additionally involved in a variety of cellular phenomena, such as apoptosis, cell cycle, proliferation, differentiation, reprogramming, and aging. The change in mitochondrial morphology is closely related to the functionality of mitochondria. Normal mitochondrial dynamics are critical for cellular function, embryonic development, and tissue formation. Thus, defects in proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics that control mitochondrial fusion and fission can affect cellular differentiation, proliferation, cellular reprogramming, and aging. Here, we review the processes and proteins involved in mitochondrial dynamics and their various associated cellular phenomena.
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